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Wang Y, Ni B, Xiao Y, Lin Y, Zhang Y. A novel nomogram for predicting risk of hypertension in US adults with periodontitis: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2014. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36659. [PMID: 38134101 PMCID: PMC10735070 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of our study was to create a nomogram to predict the risk of developing hypertension in patients with periodontitis. Our study used data from a total of 3196 subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 to 2014 who had ever been diagnosed with periodontitis. The data set was randomly divided into a training set and a validation set according to a 7:3 ratio. The data from the training set was utilized to build the prediction model, while the validation set were used to validate the model. To identify the risk variables, stepwise regression was used to perform successive univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The predictive ability of the nomogram model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve. Calibration plots were used to assess the consistency of the prediction model. The clinical value of the model was evaluated using decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve. A nomogram for the risk of hypertension in subjects with periodontitis was constructed in accordance with the 8 predictors identified in this study. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for the training set and validation set were 0.922 (95% confidence interval: 0.911-0.933) and 0.918 (95% confidence interval: 0.900-0.935), respectively, indicating excellent discrimination. The decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve suggested that the model has significant clinical applications, and the calibration plots of the training set and validation set demonstrated good consistency. The nomogram can effectively predict the risk of hypertension in patients with periodontitis and help clinicians make better clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Fuzhou City, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Binghang Ni
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Fuzhou City, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Fuzhou City, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yichang Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Fuzhou City, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Fuzhou City, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Okutsu S, Kato Y, Takeoka H, Funakoshi S, Maeda T, Yoshimura C, Kawazoe M, Satoh A, Tada K, Takahashi K, Ito K, Yasuno T, Fujii H, Mukoubara S, Saku K, Kodama S, Kawanami D, Masutani K, Arima H, Nabeshima S. Elevation in white blood cell count and development of hyper LDL cholesterolemia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8292. [PMID: 37217577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between white blood cell (WBC) count and incidence of hyper-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterolemia in a population-based longitudinal study. This is a retrospective study using data of annual health check-ups for residents of Iki City, Japan. A total of 3312 residents (≥ 30 years) without hyper-LDL cholesterolemia at baseline were included in this analysis. Primary outcome was incidence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (LDL cholesterol levels ≥ 3.62 mmol/L and/or use of lipid lowering drugs). During follow-up (average 4.6 years), 698 participants development of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (incidence 46.8 per 1000 person-years). Higher incidence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia was observed among participants with higher leukocyte count (1st quartile group: 38.5, 2nd quartile group: 47.7, 3rd quartile group: 47.3, and 4th quartile group: 52.4 per 1,000 person-years, P = 0.012 for trend). Statistically significant relation was observed even after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, alcohol intake, leisure-time exercise, obesity, hypertension and diabetes: hazard ratio 1.24 (95% confidence interval 0.99 to 1.54) for 2nd quartile group, 1.29 (1.03-1.62) for 3rd quartile group and 1.39 (1.10-1.75) for 4th quartile group, compared with 1st quartile group (P for trend = 0.006). Increased WBC count was related to incidence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia in general Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Okutsu
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kato
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takeoka
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Funakoshi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Maeda
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chikara Yoshimura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miki Kawazoe
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Satoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tada
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ito
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Yasuno
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Fujii
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Keijiro Saku
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shohta Kodama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daiji Kawanami
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Masutani
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Nabeshima
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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3
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Serum triglyceride levels and incidence of hypertension in a general Japanese population: ISSA-CKD study. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1122-1131. [PMID: 36690809 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between fasting and nonfasting serum triglyceride (TG) levels and the incidence of hypertension in a general Japanese population. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using annual health check-up data of residents of Iki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. A total of 3202 participants without hypertension at baseline were included in the present analysis. TG levels were classified as quartile 1 (<0.82 mmol/L), quartile 2 (0.83-1.13 mmol/L), quartile 3 (1.14-1.70 mmol/L) and quartile 4 (≥1.71 mmol/L) for men, and as quartile 1 (<0.70 mmol/L), quartile 2 (0.71-0.96 mmol/L), quartile 3 (0.97-1.34 mmol/L) and quartile 4 (≥1.35 mmol/L) for women. The outcome was incident hypertension. During an average follow-up of 4.4 years, 983 participants developed hypertension, according to the Cox proportional hazards model. The annual incidence of hypertension increased with an elevation in TG levels for men (5.88% in quartile 1, 8.30% in quartile 2, 7.62% in quartile 3, and 9.82% in quartile 4). This association was significant, even after adjustment for other risk factors: hazard ratio 1.41 [95% CI 1.07-1.85] for quartile 2, 1.30 [0.99-1.71] for quartile 3, and 1.59 [1.22-2.08] for quartile 4 compared with quartile 1 (p = 0.041 for trend). In contrast, there was no clear association between serum TG levels and the incidence of hypertension after adjustment for confounding factors among women (p = 0.240 for trend). High levels of serum TG were associated with the future incidence of hypertension in a general population of Japanese men but were not associated with that in women. Casual serum triglyceride levels and incidence of hypertension in a general Japanese population: ISSA-CKD study.
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Ding N, He L, Li C, Su Y. Uric acid and blood pressure in NHANES dated from 2009 to 2018: A cross-sectional research. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2568-2578. [PMID: 36155151 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM This study aimed to explore the association between uric acid (UA) and blood pressure (BP), included systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study with 22,478 individuals aged from 12 to 80 years (11,443 males and 11,035 females) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was performed. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to explore the relationship between UA and BP, Stratified analysis and interaction were performed based on gender, race, age, body mass index (BMI), and alcohol consumption. Significantly positively associations were presented in SBP(β, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.67, 1.00]), DBP(β, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.11, 0.36]), and MAP (β, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.31, 0.55]). The associations were much more stronger between UA and SBP in females (β, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.78, 1.30], p for interaction 0.0003), black group (β, 1.17 [95% CI, 0.77, 1.56], p for interaction 0.0296), age (≥45) group (β, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.68, 1.39], p for interaction <0.0001) and drinking group (β, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.75, 1.21], p for interaction <0.0001). The significant interactions were found between UA and DBP in gender and alcohol consumption (all p for interaction <0.05). In terms of MAP, the significant interactions were found in race, age, and alcohol consumption (all p for interaction <0.05). CONCLUSIONS A significantly positively association was found between UA and BP, including SBP, DBP, and MAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, China.
| | - Liudang He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, China
| | - Changluo Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, China
| | - Yingjie Su
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, China.
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Grassi G, Vanoli J, Facchetti R, Mancia G. Uric Acid, Hypertensive Phenotypes, and Organ Damage: Data from the Pamela Study. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:29-35. [PMID: 35076878 PMCID: PMC8858282 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review To examine published and unpublished data collected in the context of the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study on the relationships between serum uric acid (SUA), office and out-of-office blood pressure (BP), and organ damage. Recent Findings SUA values were directly and significantly related to a large number of covariates that participate at cardiovascular risk determination, such as blood glucose, total serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, body mass index, and serum creatinine. Additional variables included echocardiographically-determined left ventricular mass index and BP values, the latter not just when measured in the office but also when evaluated at home or over the 24-h period. White-coat hypertension and masked hypertension were characterized, as sustained hypertension, by a significant increase in SUA levels, which were also directly related to different indices of 24-h BP variability. No substantial difference in SUA levels was found when data were analyzed according to the dipping or non-dipping nocturnal BP profile. Summary Data collected in the frame of the PAMELA study document the presence of a close relationship between SUA levels and BP values independently on the hypertensive phenotype patterns of BP increase (office, 24 h, or both) and nighttime BP profile. They also document the increase in SUA as a potential factor favoring the occurrence of new hypertension and new left ventricular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Grassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Jennifer Vanoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Facchetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Kawazoe M, Funakoshi S, Ishida S, Yoshimura C, Satoh A, Maeda T, Tsuji M, Yokota S, Tada K, Takahashi K, Ito K, Yasuno T, Fujii H, Okutsu S, Mukobara S, Kawanami D, Nabeshima S, Kondo S, Masutani K, Arima H. Effect of chronic kidney disease on the association between hyperuricemia and new-onset hypertension in the general Japanese population: ISSA-CKD study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:2071-2077. [PMID: 34806282 PMCID: PMC8696210 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association between serum uric acid (SUA) level and development of hypertension as well as the interaction effect of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on this relationship in the general Japanese population. We included 7895 participants aged ≥30 years from the ISSA‐CKD study, a population‐based retrospective cohort study that used annual health check‐up data of residents from Iki Island, Japan. After the exclusion of 1881 with l < 1‐year follow‐up, 2812 with hypertension at baseline, and 165 with missing information on SUA, a total of 3037 participants were enrolled in this analysis. Participants were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of SUA level at baseline, and multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios for new‐onset hypertension were calculated. Stratified analyses were performed for each subgroup (defined by sex, age, alcohol intake, and CKD) to assess the interaction effects. During a mean follow‐up period of 4.4 years, 943 participants developed hypertension. The first quartile group was set as the reference group, and the multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for new‐onset hypertension were 1.11 (0.90–1.36) in the second quartile, 1.25 (1.02–1.54) in the third quartile, and 1.35 (1.07–1.70) in the fourth quartile compared with those in the reference group (p = .007 for trend). The stratified analyses showed that the association between SUA and hypertension was significantly stronger in participants with CKD than in those without CKD (p = .035 for interaction). SUA level is an independent risk factor for new‐onset hypertension. This tendency was significantly stronger in participants with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Kawazoe
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Funakoshi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ishida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chikara Yoshimura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Satoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Maeda
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tsuji
- Department of Lifestyle and Welfare Information, Kindai University Kyushu Junior College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yokota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tada
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Yasuno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Fujii
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shota Okutsu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Daiji Kawanami
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nabeshima
- Department of General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Kondo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Masutani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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The Association between the Serum Uric Acid Level and Hypertension in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults. Cardiovasc Ther 2021; 2021:4626062. [PMID: 34786025 PMCID: PMC8563109 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4626062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies on serum uric acid (sUA) levels and hypertension (HTN) are controversial. To investigate the association between the sUA level and the incident of HTN in middle-aged and elderly adults, we performed this study. Methods 6399 participants aged ≥40 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included. Weighted multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to evaluate the relationship between the sUA level and the incident of HTN, exploring the potential nonlinear relationship using the fitted smoothing curves. If nonlinearity was observed, the inflection point was further calculated by a recursive algorithm. Results A positive relationship between the sUA level and the incident of HTN was found. However, it may differ in different race groups, nor between male and female. Moreover, the association between the sUA level and the incident of HTN followed a U-shaped curve in male (turning point: sUA 4.1 mg/dL) and Whites (turning point: sUA 7.9 mg/dL). Conclusions The results revealed that the sUA level is positively correlated with the incident of HTN, in middle-aged and elderly adults. However, it followed a U-shaped curve in males and Whites.
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Eating before bed and new-onset hypertension in a Japanese population: the Iki city epidemiological study of atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:1662-1667. [PMID: 34552209 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00727-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between eating before bed and the development of hypertension in a general Japanese population. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using annual health check-up data collected from the residents of Iki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. In total, 2930 participants without hypertension at baseline (mean age 57.0 years, male 42.8%) were included in the present analysis. Eating before bed was defined as eating within 2 h of bedtime. The outcome of this study was incident hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or initiation of blood pressure-lowering medications). Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. During an average follow-up of 4.5 years, 909 participants developed hypertension. The incidence (per 1000 person-years) of hypertension in the group of individuals who ate before bed was 82.8, whereas that in the group of individuals who did not eat before bed was 65.8. The association was significant even after adjusting for other risk factors, including age, sex, current smoking status, current alcohol intake, regular exercise, obesity, elevated blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, with a hazard ratio of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.05-1.44) for the group of individuals who ate before bed compared with the group of individuals who did not eat before bed (P = 0.01 for trend). Eating before bed was correlated with a future risk of developing hypertension in the general Japanese population.
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Okutsu S, Kato Y, Funakoshi S, Maeda T, Yoshimura C, Kawazoe M, Satoh A, Yokota S, Tada K, Takahashi K, Ito K, Yasuno T, Fujii H, Mukoubara S, Nakashima H, Kawanami D, Masutani K, Arima H, Nabeshima S. Effects of Weight Gain after 20 Years of Age and Incidence of Hyper-Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterolemia: The Iki Epidemiological Study of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Kidney Disease (ISSA-CKD). J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143098. [PMID: 34300264 PMCID: PMC8303188 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term weight gain from the age of 20 on incidence of hyper-low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterolemia in the general population of Japanese people. Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using annual health checkup data for residents of Iki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. A total of 3179 adult (≥30 years old) men and women without hyper-LDL cholesterolemia at baseline, who underwent two or more health checkups were included in the analysis. Information on weight gain (≥10 kg) after 20 years of age was obtained using questionnaire. The outcome of this study was development of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia defined as LDL-cholesterol level ≥3.62 mmol/L and/or initiation of lipid-lowering medications. Results: During a mean follow-up period of 4.53 years, 665 of the 3179 participants developed hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (46.5/1000 person-years). The incidence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia was higher in participants with a weight gain of ≥10 kg (55.3/1000 person-years) than among those with a weight gain of <10 kg (41.8/1000 person-years). This association remained statistically significant even after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, daily drinking, exercise, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes (multivariable hazard ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.58, p = 0.006). Conclusion: A weight gain of ≥10 after 20 years of age affected the development of hyper-LDL cholesterol regardless of age, sex, and obesity in a general population of Japanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Okutsu
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.O.); (Y.K.); (S.N.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.F.); (T.M.); (C.Y.); (M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Yoshifumi Kato
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.O.); (Y.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Shunsuke Funakoshi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.F.); (T.M.); (C.Y.); (M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Toshiki Maeda
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.F.); (T.M.); (C.Y.); (M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Chikara Yoshimura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.F.); (T.M.); (C.Y.); (M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Miki Kawazoe
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.F.); (T.M.); (C.Y.); (M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Atsushi Satoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.F.); (T.M.); (C.Y.); (M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Soichiro Yokota
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (T.Y.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Kazuhiro Tada
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (T.Y.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (T.Y.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Kenji Ito
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (T.Y.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Tetsuhiko Yasuno
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (T.Y.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Hideyuki Fujii
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (H.F.); (D.K.)
| | | | - Hitoshi Nakashima
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (T.Y.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Daiji Kawanami
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (H.F.); (D.K.)
| | - Kosuke Masutani
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (T.Y.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.F.); (T.M.); (C.Y.); (M.K.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-801-1011; Fax: +81-92-862-8200
| | - Shigeki Nabeshima
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.O.); (Y.K.); (S.N.)
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Eating Speed and Incidence of Diabetes in a Japanese General Population: ISSA-CKD. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091949. [PMID: 34062802 PMCID: PMC8125533 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated whether eating speed was associated with the incidence of diabetes in a Japanese general population. Methods: A total of 4853 Japanese individuals without diabetes at baseline were analyzed. Self-reported eating speed was categorized as slow, medium, and fast on the basis of questionnaire responses. The study outcome was the incidence of diabetes. Results: After an average follow-up period of 5.1 years, 234 individuals developed diabetes. The incidence of diabetes per 1000 person-years was 4.9 in the slow eating speed group, 8.8 in the medium eating speed group, and 12.5 in the fast eating speed group, respectively (*** p < 0.001 for trend). The HRs were 1.69 (95%CI 0.94–3.06) for the medium eating speed and 2.08 (95%CI 1.13–3.84) for the fast eating speed, compared to the slow eating speed (* p = 0.014 for trend) after adjustment for age, gender, smoking status, drinking, exercise, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Faster eating speed increased a risk for the incidence of diabetes in a general Japanese population.
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