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Pronovost GN, Yu KB, Coley-O’Rourke EJ, Telang SS, Chen AS, Vuong HE, Williams DW, Chandra A, Rendon TK, Paramo J, Kim RH, Hsiao EY. The maternal microbiome promotes placental development in mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadk1887. [PMID: 37801498 PMCID: PMC10558122 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The maternal microbiome is an important regulator of gestational health, but how it affects the placenta as the interface between mother and fetus remains unexplored. Here, we show that the maternal gut microbiota supports placental development in mice. Depletion of the maternal gut microbiota restricts placental growth and impairs feto-placental vascularization. The maternal gut microbiota modulates metabolites in the maternal and fetal circulation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) stimulate cultured endothelial cell tube formation and prevent abnormalities in placental vascularization in microbiota-deficient mice. Furthermore, in a model of maternal malnutrition, gestational supplementation with SCFAs prevents placental growth restriction and vascular insufficiency. These findings highlight the importance of host-microbial symbioses during pregnancy and reveal that the maternal gut microbiome promotes placental growth and vascularization in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey N. Pronovost
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristie B. Yu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elena J. L. Coley-O’Rourke
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sahil S. Telang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angela S. Chen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helen E. Vuong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Drake W. Williams
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anisha Chandra
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tomiko K. Rendon
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jorge Paramo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reuben H. Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elaine Y. Hsiao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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2
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Ma PJ, Wang MM, Wang Y. Gut microbiota: A new insight into lung diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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3
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Dardi P, dos Santos-Eichler RA, de Oliveira S, Vinolo MAR, Câmara NOS, Rossoni LV. Reduced intestinal butyrate availability is associated with the vascular remodeling in resistance arteries of hypertensive rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:998362. [PMID: 36246106 PMCID: PMC9558208 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.998362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During hypertension an unbalance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production by intestinal bacteria is described. However, no data evaluate the association of SCFAs and vascular remodeling in hypertension, which is an important hallmark of this disease. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the correlations between SCFAs availability and the resistance arteries remodeling in hypertension, as well as to identify the possible pathway by which the SCFAs could exert a structural and mechanical influence. Hence, male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar rats had blood pressure measured by tail-cuff plethysmography; fecal SCFAs content assessed by gas chromatography; gene expression of SCFAs-transporters in gut epithelium and SCFAs-sensing receptors on mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) quantified by PCR; and MRA structural and mechanical parameters analyzed by pressure myograph. Reduced butyrate fecal content was found in SHR, with no changes in propionate and acetate, as well as decreased mRNA levels of SCFAs-transporters (MCT1, MCT4, and SMCT1) in the intestinal epithelium. In addition, lower gene expression of SCFAs-sensing receptors (GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109a, but not Olfr78) was identified in MRAs of SHR, which also shows inward eutrophic remodeling with stiffness. Butyrate content presented a negative correlation with systolic blood pressure and with the structural alterations found on MRAs, while a positive correlation between butyrate content and mechanical parameters was detected. Altogether the present study suggests that lower butyrate content due to ineffective SCFA bioavailability, associated with lower SCFAs-sensing receptors expression, could favor MRA remodeling, increasing peripheral vascular resistance and worsening hypertension prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Dardi
- Laboratory of Vascular Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sarah de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Institute of Biology, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Institute of Biology, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Venturini Rossoni
- Laboratory of Vascular Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Luciana Venturini Rossoni,
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4
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Dalal P, Sharma D. Microbe defines the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drug: a complete paradigm. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6358522. [PMID: 34448860 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body harbors a diverse microbiome that regulates host physiology and disease development. Several studies have also been reported where the human microbiome interferes with the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. Reports have also suggested the use of microbes in specific targeting and drug delivery. This review mainly focuses on the alteration in the efficacy of the drug by human microbiota. We have also discussed how the diversity in microbes can determine the therapeutic outcomes of a particular drug. The pathways involved in the alteration are also focused, with some highlights on microbes being used in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dalal
- Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector - 81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - D Sharma
- Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector - 81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
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Yang K, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Liang H, Sharma A, Zheng W, Wang L, Torres R, Tatebe K, Chmura SJ, Pitroda SP, Gilbert JA, Fu YX, Weichselbaum RR. Suppression of local type I interferon by gut microbiota-derived butyrate impairs antitumor effects of ionizing radiation. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201915. [PMID: 33496784 PMCID: PMC7844434 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumor effects of ionizing radiation (IR) are mediated in part through activation of innate and adaptive immunity. Here we report that gut microbiota influences tumor control following IR. Vancomycin decreased the abundance of butyrate-producing gut bacteria and enhanced antitumor responses to IR. Oral administration of Lachnospiraceae, a family of vancomycin-sensitive bacteria, was associated with increased systemic and intratumoral butyric acid levels and impaired the efficacy of IR in germ-free (GF) mice. Local butyrate inhibited STING-activated type I IFN expression in dendritic cells (DCs) through blockade of TBK1 and IRF3 phosphorylation, which abrogated IR-induced tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell immune responses without directly protecting tumor cells from radiation. Our findings demonstrate that the selective targeting of butyrate-producing microbiota may provide a novel therapeutic option to enhance tumor radiation sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiting Yang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yuzhu Hou
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Anukriti Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Rolando Torres
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ken Tatebe
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Steven J. Chmura
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Sean P. Pitroda
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jack A. Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ralph R. Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Zhang C, Zhang T, Lu W, Duan X, Luo X, Liu S, Chen Y, Li Y, Chen J, Liao J, Zhou D, Chen X, Feng H, Gu G, Wang T, Tang H, Makino A, Zhong N, Yuan JXJ, Yang K, Wang J. Altered Airway Microbiota Composition in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension. Hypertension 2020; 76:1589-1599. [PMID: 32921193 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alteration in microbiota composition of respiratory tract has been reported in the progression of many chronic lung diseases, yet, the correlation and causal link between respiratory tract microbiota and the disease development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) remain largely unknown. This study aims to define and compare the respiratory microbiota composition in pharyngeal swab samples between patients with PH and reference subjects. A total of 118 patients with PH and 79 reference subjects were recruited, and the pharyngeal swab samples were collected to sequence the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) V3-V4 region of respiratory microbiome. The relative abundances in patients with PH were profoundly different from reference subjects. The Ace and Sobs indexes indicated that the microbiota richness of pharynx value is significantly higher; while the community diversity value is markedly lower in patients with PH, comparing to those of the reference subjects. The microbiota on pharynx showed a different profile between the 2 groups by principal component analysis. The linear discriminant analysis effect size also revealed a significantly higher proportion of Streptococcus, Lautropia, and Ralstonia in patients with PH than reference subjects. The linear discriminant analysis effect size output, which represents the microbial gene functions, suggest genes related to bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, bacterial toxins were enhanced, while genes related to energy metabolism, protein digestion and absorption, and cell division pathways were attenuated in patients with PH versus reference subjects. In summary, our study reports the first systematic definition and divergent profile of the upper respiratory tract microbiota between patients with PH and reference subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenting Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.Z., T.Z., W.L., X.L., S.L., Y.C., Y.L., J.C., J.L., D.Z., X.C., H.F., G.G., T.W., H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Tingting Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.Z., T.Z., W.L., X.L., S.L., Y.C., Y.L., J.C., J.L., D.Z., X.C., H.F., G.G., T.W., H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Wenju Lu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.Z., T.Z., W.L., X.L., S.L., Y.C., Y.L., J.C., J.L., D.Z., X.C., H.F., G.G., T.W., H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Xin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.D.)
| | - Xiaoyun Luo
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.Z., T.Z., W.L., X.L., S.L., Y.C., Y.L., J.C., J.L., D.Z., X.C., H.F., G.G., T.W., H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Shiyun Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.Z., T.Z., W.L., X.L., S.L., Y.C., Y.L., J.C., J.L., D.Z., X.C., H.F., G.G., T.W., H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Yuqin Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.Z., T.Z., W.L., X.L., S.L., Y.C., Y.L., J.C., J.L., D.Z., X.C., H.F., G.G., T.W., H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Yi Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.Z., T.Z., W.L., X.L., S.L., Y.C., Y.L., J.C., J.L., D.Z., X.C., H.F., G.G., T.W., H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.Z., T.Z., W.L., X.L., S.L., Y.C., Y.L., J.C., J.L., D.Z., X.C., H.F., G.G., T.W., H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Jing Liao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.Z., T.Z., W.L., X.L., S.L., Y.C., Y.L., J.C., J.L., D.Z., X.C., H.F., G.G., T.W., H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Dansha Zhou
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.Z., T.Z., W.L., X.L., S.L., Y.C., Y.L., J.C., J.L., D.Z., X.C., H.F., G.G., T.W., H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Xu Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.Z., T.Z., W.L., X.L., S.L., Y.C., Y.L., J.C., J.L., D.Z., X.C., H.F., G.G., T.W., H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Huazhuo Feng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.Z., T.Z., W.L., X.L., S.L., Y.C., Y.L., J.C., J.L., D.Z., X.C., H.F., G.G., T.W., H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Guoping Gu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.Z., T.Z., W.L., X.L., S.L., Y.C., Y.L., J.C., J.L., D.Z., X.C., H.F., G.G., T.W., H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Tao Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.Z., T.Z., W.L., X.L., S.L., Y.C., Y.L., J.C., J.L., D.Z., X.C., H.F., G.G., T.W., H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (H.T.)
| | - Ayako Makino
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (A.M., J.-X.-J.Y., J.W.)
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.Z., T.Z., W.L., X.L., S.L., Y.C., Y.L., J.C., J.L., D.Z., X.C., H.F., G.G., T.W., H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (A.M., J.-X.-J.Y., J.W.)
| | - Kai Yang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.Z., T.Z., W.L., X.L., S.L., Y.C., Y.L., J.C., J.L., D.Z., X.C., H.F., G.G., T.W., H.T., N.Z., K.Y., J.W.)
| | - Jian Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Huhhot, China (J.W.).,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (A.M., J.-X.-J.Y., J.W.)
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7
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Nooromid M, Chen EB, Xiong L, Shapiro K, Jiang Q, Demsas F, Eskandari M, Priyadarshini M, Chang EB, Layden BT, Ho KJ. Microbe-Derived Butyrate and Its Receptor, Free Fatty Acid Receptor 3, But Not Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2, Mitigate Neointimal Hyperplasia Susceptibility After Arterial Injury. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016235. [PMID: 32580613 PMCID: PMC7670501 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Arterial restenosis after vascular surgery is a common cause of midterm restenosis and treatment failure. Herein, we aim to investigate the role of microbe‐derived butyrate, FFAR2 (free fatty acid receptor 2), and FFAR3 (free fatty acid receptor 3) in mitigating neointimal hyperplasia development in remodeling murine arteries after injury. Methods and Results C57BL/6 mice treated with oral vancomycin before unilateral femoral wire injury to deplete gut microbiota had significantly diminished serum and stool butyrate and more neointimal hyperplasia development after arterial injury, which was reversed by concomitant butyrate supplementation. Deficiency of FFAR3 but not FFAR2, both receptors for butyrate, exacerbated neointimal hyperplasia development after injury. FFAR3 deficiency was also associated with delayed recovery of the endothelial layer in vivo. FFAR3 gene expression was observed in multiple peripheral arteries, and expression was increased after arterial injury. Treatment of endothelial but not vascular smooth muscle cells with the pharmacologic FFAR3 agonist 1‐methylcyclopropane carboxylate stimulated cellular migration and proliferation in scratch assays. Conclusions Our results support a protective role for butyrate and FFAR3 in the development of neointimal hyperplasia after arterial injury and delineate activation of the butyrate‐FFAR3 pathway as a valuable strategy for the prevention and treatment of neointimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nooromid
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Edmund B Chen
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Liqun Xiong
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Katherine Shapiro
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Qun Jiang
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Falen Demsas
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover NH
| | - Maeve Eskandari
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Medha Priyadarshini
- Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center Chicago IL
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Section of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Brian T Layden
- Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center Chicago IL
| | - Karen J Ho
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
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8
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Microbiota composition modulates inflammation and neointimal hyperplasia after arterial angioplasty. J Vasc Surg 2020; 71:1378-1389.e3. [PMID: 32035769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.06.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neointimal hyperplasia is a major contributor to restenosis after arterial interventions, but the genetic and environmental mechanisms underlying the variable propensity for neointimal hyperplasia between individuals, including the role of commensal microbiota, are not well understood. We sought to characterize how shifting the microbiome using cage sharing and bedding mixing between rats with differing restenosis phenotypes after carotid artery balloon angioplasty could alter arterial remodeling. METHODS We co-housed and mixed bedding between genetically distinct rats (Lewis [LE] and Sprague-Dawley [SD]) that harbor different commensal microbes and that are known to have different neointimal hyperplasia responses to carotid artery balloon angioplasty. Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was used to monitor changes in the gut microbiome. RESULTS There were significant differences in neointimal hyperplasia between non-co-housed LE and SD rats 14 days after carotid artery angioplasty (mean intima + media [I + M] area, 0.117 ± 0.014 mm2 LE vs 0.275 ± 0.021 mm2 SD; P < .001) that were diminished by co-housing. Co-housing also altered local adventitial Ki67 immunoreactivity, local accumulation of leukocytes and macrophages (total and M2), and interleukin 17A concentration 3 days after surgery in each strain. Non-co-housed SD and LE rats had microbiomes distinguished by both weighted (P = .012) and unweighted (P < .001) UniFrac beta diversity distances, although without significant differences in alpha diversity. The difference in unweighted beta diversity between the fecal microbiota of SD and LE rats was significantly reduced by co-housing. Operational taxonomic units that significantly correlated with average I + M area include Parabacteroides distasonis, Desulfovibrio, Methanosphaera, Peptococcus, and Prevotella. Finally, serum concentrations of microbe-derived metabolites hydroxyanthranilic acid and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio were significantly associated with I + M area in both rat strains independent of co-housing. CONCLUSIONS We describe a novel mechanism for how microbiome manipulations affect arterial remodeling and the inflammatory response after arterial injury. A greater understanding of the host inflammatory-microbe axis could uncover novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of restenosis.
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9
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Man AWC, Li H, Xia N. Resveratrol and the Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Arterial Remodelling. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010119. [PMID: 31906281 PMCID: PMC7019510 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial remodelling refers to the alteration in the structure of blood vessel that contributes to the progression of hypertension and other cardiovascular complications. Arterial remodelling is orchestrated by the crosstalk between the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Vascular inflammation participates in arterial remodelling. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol that possesses anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and has beneficial effects in both the endothelium and VSMC. Resveratrol has been studied for the protective effects in arterial remodelling and gut microbiota, respectively. Gut microbiota plays a critical role in the immune system and inflammatory processes. Gut microbiota may also regulate vascular remodelling in cardiovascular complications via affecting endothelium function and VSMC proliferation. Currently, there is new evidence showing that gut microbiota regulate the proliferation of VSMC and the formation of neointimal hyperplasia in response to injury. The change in population of the gut microbiota, as well as their metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) could critically contribute to VSMC proliferation, cell cycle progression, and migration. Recent studies have provided strong evidence that correlate the effects of resveratrol in arterial remodelling and gut microbiota. This review aims to summarize recent findings on the resveratrol effects on cardiovascular complications focusing on arterial remodelling and discuss the possible interactions of resveratrol and the gut microbiota that modulate arterial remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy W C Man
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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10
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Bayer F, Ascher S, Pontarollo G, Reinhardt C. Antibiotic Treatment Protocols and Germ-Free Mouse Models in Vascular Research. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2174. [PMID: 31572384 PMCID: PMC6751252 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota influence host vascular physiology locally in the intestine, but also evoke remote effects that impact distant organ functions. Amongst others, the microbiota affect intestinal vascular remodeling, lymphatic development, cardiac output and vascular function, myelopoiesis, prothrombotic platelet function, and immunovigilance of the host. Experimentally, host-microbiota interactions are investigated by working with animals devoid of symbiotic bacteria, i.e., by the decimation of gut commensals by antibiotic administration, or by taking advantage of germ-free mouse isolator technology. Remarkably, some of the vascular effects that were unraveled following antibiotic treatment were not observed in the germ-free animal models and vice versa. In this review, we will dissect the manifold influences that antibiotics have on the cardiovascular system and their effects on thromboinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Bayer
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ascher
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Giulia Pontarollo
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany
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11
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Cellular Effects of Butyrate on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells are Mediated through Disparate Actions on Dual Targets, Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Activity and PI3K/Akt Signaling Network. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122902. [PMID: 31197106 PMCID: PMC6628026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a characteristic feature of cardiovascular diseases. Altered cellular processes of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a crucial component in vascular remodeling. Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI), butyrate, arrests VSMC proliferation and promotes cell growth. The objective of the study is to determine the mechanism of butyrate-induced VSMC growth. Using proliferating VSMCs exposed to 5 mM butyrate, immunoblotting studies are performed to determine whether PI3K/Akt pathway that regulates different cellular effects is a target of butyrate-induced VSMC growth. Butyrate inhibits phosphorylation-dependent activation of PI3K, PDK1, and Akt, eliciting differential effects on downstream targets of Akt. Along with previously reported Ser9 phosphorylation-mediated GSK3 inactivation leading to stability, increased expression and accumulation of cyclin D1, and epigenetic histone modifications, inactivation of Akt by butyrate results in: transcriptional activation of FOXO1 and FOXO3 promoting G1 arrest through p21Cip1/Waf1 and p15INK4B upregulation; inactivation of mTOR inhibiting activation of its targets p70S6K and 4E-BP1 impeding protein synthesis; inhibition of caspase 3 cleavage and downregulation of PARP preventing apoptosis. Our findings imply butyrate abrogates Akt activation, causing differential effects on Akt targets promoting convergence of cross-talk between their complimentary actions leading to VSMC growth by arresting proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis through its effect on dual targets, HDAC activity and PI3K/Akt pathway network.
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12
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The Role of the Microbiota in the Diabetic Peripheral Artery Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:4128682. [PMID: 31205450 PMCID: PMC6530226 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4128682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications of diabetes mellitus represent a major public health problem. Although many steps forward have been made to define the causes and to find the best possible therapies, the problem remains crucial. In recent years, more and more evidences have defined a link between microbiota and the initiation, promotion, and evolution of atherosclerotic disease, even in the diabetic scenario. There is an urgency to develop the knowledge of modern medicine about the link between gut microbiota and its host's metabolic pathways, and it would be useful to understand and justify the interindividual diversity of clinical disease presentation of diabetic vascular complication even if an optimization of pharmacological treatment has been made or in the case of young patients where hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes are not able to justify a very quick progress of atherosclerotic process. The aim of the present review is to gather all the best available evidence in this regard and to define a new role of the microbiota in this field, from biomarker to possible therapeutic target.
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13
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Forte A, Balistreri CR, De Feo M, Della Corte A, Hellstrand P, Persson L, Nilsson BO. Polyamines and microbiota in bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve aortopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 129:179-187. [PMID: 30825483 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are small aliphatic cationic molecules synthesized via a highly regulated pathway and involved in general molecular and cellular phenomena. Both mammalian cells and microorganisms synthesize polyamines, and both sources may contribute to the presence of polyamines in the circulation. The dominant location for microorganisms within the body is the gut. Accordingly, the gut microbiota probably synthesizes most of the polyamines in the circulation in addition to those produced by the mammalian host cells. Polyamines are mandatory for cellular growth and proliferation. Established evidence suggests that the polyamine spermidine prolongs lifespan and improves cardiovascular health in animal models and humans through both local mechanisms, involving improved cardiomyocyte function, and systemic mechanisms, including increased NO bioavailability and reduced systemic inflammation. Higher levels of polyamines have been detected in non-dilated aorta of patients affected by bicuspid aortic valve congenital malformation, an aortopathy associated with an increased risk for thoracic ascending aorta aneurysm. In this review, we discuss metabolism of polyamines and their potential effects on vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cell function in vascular pathology of the thoracic ascending aorta associated with bicuspid or tricuspid aortic valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Forte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marisa De Feo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Della Corte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Per Hellstrand
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lo Persson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt-Olof Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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14
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Analysis of metabolome changes in the bile acid pool in feces and plasma of antibiotic-treated rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 363:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Wun K, Theriault BR, Pierre JF, Chen EB, Leone VA, Harris KG, Xiong L, Jiang Q, Spedale M, Eskandari OM, Chang EB, Ho KJ. Microbiota control acute arterial inflammation and neointimal hyperplasia development after arterial injury. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208426. [PMID: 30521585 PMCID: PMC6283560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiome has a functional role in a number of inflammatory processes and disease states. While neointimal hyperplasia development has been linked to inflammation, a direct role of the microbiota in neointimal hyperplasia has not yet been established. Germ-free (GF) mice are an invaluable model for studying causative links between commensal organisms and the host. We hypothesized that GF mice would exhibit altered neointimal hyperplasia following carotid ligation compared to conventionally raised (CONV-R) mice. METHODS Twenty-week-old male C57BL/6 GF mice underwent left carotid ligation under sterile conditions. Maintenance of sterility was assessed by cultivation and 16S rRNA qPCR of stool. Neointimal hyperplasia was assessed by morphometric and histologic analysis of arterial sections after 28 days. Local arterial cell proliferation and inflammation was assessed by immunofluorescence for Ki67 and inflammatory cell markers at five days. Systemic inflammation was assessed by multiplex immunoassays of serum. CONV-R mice treated in the same manner served as the control cohort. GF and CONV-R mice were compared using standard statistical methods. RESULTS All GF mice remained sterile during the entire study period. Twenty-eight days after carotid ligation, CONV-R mice had significantly more neointimal hyperplasia development compared to GF mice, as assessed by intima area, media area, intima+media area, and intima area/(intima+media) area. The collagen content of the neointimal lesions appeared qualitatively similar on Masson's trichrome staining. There was significantly reduced Ki67 immunoreactivity in the media and adventitia of GF carotid arteries 5 days after ligation. GF mice also had increased arterial infiltration of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages compared to CONV-R mouse arteries and a reduced proportion of mature neutrophils. GF mice had significantly reduced serum IFN-γ-inducible protein (IP)-10 and MIP-2 5 days after carotid ligation, suggesting a reduced systemic inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS GF mice have attenuated neointimal hyperplasia development compared to CONV-R mice, which is likely related to altered kinetics of wound healing and acute inflammation. Recognizing the role of commensals in the regulation of arterial remodeling will provide a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of restenosis and support strategies to treat or reduce restenosis risk by manipulating microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Wun
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Betty R. Theriault
- Department of Surgery and Animal Resources Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Edmund B. Chen
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Vanessa A. Leone
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Katharine G. Harris
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Liqun Xiong
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Qun Jiang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Melanie Spedale
- Department of Surgery and Animal Resources Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Owen M. Eskandari
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Karen J. Ho
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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16
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Microbiome-driven allergic lung inflammation is ameliorated by short-chain fatty acids. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:785-795. [PMID: 29067994 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian gastrointestinal tract harbors a microbial community with metabolic activity critical for host health, including metabolites that can modulate effector functions of immune cells. Mice treated with vancomycin have an altered microbiome and metabolite profile, exhibit exacerbated T helper type 2 cell (Th2) responses, and are more susceptible to allergic lung inflammation. Here we show that dietary supplementation with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) ameliorates this enhanced asthma susceptibility by modulating the activity of T cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Dysbiotic mice treated with SCFAs have fewer interleukin-4 (IL4)-producing CD4+ T cells and decreased levels of circulating immunoglobulin E (IgE). In addition, DCs exposed to SCFAs activate T cells less robustly, are less motile in response to CCL19 in vitro, and exhibit a dampened ability to transport inhaled allergens to lung draining nodes. Our data thus demonstrate that gut dysbiosis can exacerbate allergic lung inflammation through both T cell- and DC-dependent mechanisms that are inhibited by SCFAs.
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17
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Xiao X, Cao Y, Chen H. Profiling and characterization of microRNAs responding to sodium butyrate treatment in A549 cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3563-3573. [PMID: 29231270 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Butyrate inhibits growth of lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Here we profiled miRNAs that responded to sodium butyrate(NaB) stimulation in A549 cells, a non-small cell lung cancer cell line, using microarray. We found 33 up-regulated microRNAs and 22 down-regulated microRNAs (log2 ≥1.5 folds, P-value <0.05). The expression of miR-3935, miR-574-3p, and miR-494-3p was confirmed by realtime qPCR. Then,we explored their potential targets of miR-3935 and miR-494-3p using long noncoding RNA(LncRNA) microarray. Using cell expressing negative microRNA as control, we found 103 up-regulated transcripts (including 69 mRNA and 34 LncRNA), and 36 down-regulated transcripts (including 34 mRNAs and 2 LncRNA), in miR-3935 over-expressing A549 cells; 128 up-regulated transcripts (121 mRNAs, 7 LncRNAs) and 180 down-regulated transcripts (169 mRNAs, 11 LncRNAs) in mir-494-3p, respectively (log2 Fold change ≥ 1 & P < 0.05). The expression of RNF115, NTRK3, SLC39A6, and USB1 was confirmed with qPCR. Immunoblotting was adopted to detect RNF115 expression in miR-3935 overexpressed A549 cells. Then, using a luciferase reporter assay system, we found that miR-3935 overexpression significantly decreased 3UTR of RNF115 mediated luciferase expression .In addition, we also observed that the proliferation and migration of A549 cells was obviously prevented by miR-3935 overexpression. Finally, we showed miR-3935 and miR-494-3p induced interferon stimulated gene 15(ISG15) expression through activating its promoter transcription. Together, we profiled microRNAs that responded to NaB treatment and characterized their biological functions in A549 cells. Those results provided new clue for the future treatment of non small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Xiao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Yingjie Cao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Kinlay
- From Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (S.K.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K., T.M., J.A.L.)
| | - Thomas Michel
- From Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (S.K.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K., T.M., J.A.L.)
| | - Jane A Leopold
- From Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (S.K.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K., T.M., J.A.L.).
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19
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Corrigendum. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/21/e13035. [PMID: 27905301 PMCID: PMC5112505 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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20
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Zhang LS, Davies SS. Microbial metabolism of dietary components to bioactive metabolites: opportunities for new therapeutic interventions. Genome Med 2016; 8:46. [PMID: 27102537 PMCID: PMC4840492 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry- and nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic studies comparing diseased versus healthy individuals have shown that microbial metabolites are often the compounds most markedly altered in the disease state. Recent studies suggest that several of these metabolites that derive from microbial transformation of dietary components have significant effects on physiological processes such as gut and immune homeostasis, energy metabolism, vascular function, and neurological behavior. Here, we review several of the most intriguing diet-dependent metabolites that may impact host physiology and may therefore be appropriate targets for therapeutic interventions, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, tryptophan and tyrosine derivatives, and oxidized fatty acids. Such interventions will require modulating either bacterial species or the bacterial biosynthetic enzymes required to produce these metabolites, so we briefly describe the current understanding of the bacterial and enzymatic pathways involved in their biosynthesis and summarize their molecular mechanisms of action. We then discuss in more detail the impact of these metabolites on health and disease, and review current strategies to modulate levels of these metabolites to promote human health. We also suggest future studies that are needed to realize the full therapeutic potential of targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Zhang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sean S Davies
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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21
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Ho KJ, Xiong L, Hubert NA, Nadimpalli A, Wun K, Chang EB, Kibbe MR. Vancomycin treatment and butyrate supplementation modulate gut microbe composition and severity of neointimal hyperplasia after arterial injury. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/12/e12627. [PMID: 26660548 PMCID: PMC4760455 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial metabolites are increasingly recognized as determinants of health and disease. However, whether host–microbe crosstalk influences peripheral arteries is not understood. Neointimal hyperplasia, a proliferative and inflammatory response to arterial injury, frequently limits the long‐term benefits of cardiovascular interventions such as angioplasty, stenting, and bypass surgery. Our goal is to assess the effect of butyrate, one of the principal short chain fatty acids produced by microbial fermentation of dietary fiber, on neointimal hyperplasia development after angioplasty. Treatment of male Lewis Inbred rats with oral vancomycin for 4 weeks changed the composition of gut microbes as assessed by 16S rRNA‐based taxonomic profiling and decreased the concentration of circulating butyrate by 69%. In addition, rats treated with oral vancomycin had exacerbated neointimal hyperplasia development after carotid angioplasty. Oral supplementation of butyrate reversed these changes. Butyrate also inhibited vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression in a dose‐dependent manner in vitro. Our results suggest for the first time that gut microbial composition is associated with the severity of arterial remodeling after injury, potentially through an inhibitory effect of butyrate on VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Ho
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Liqun Xiong
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nathaniel A Hubert
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anuradha Nadimpalli
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kelly Wun
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Melina R Kibbe
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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