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Rouschop SH, Smolinska A, Gielen M, de Groot RHM, Zeegers MP, Opperhuizen A, van Schooten FJ, Godschalk RW. Maternal fatty acid status during pregnancy versus offspring inflammatory markers: a canonical correlation analysis of the MEFAB cohort. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1264278. [PMID: 37927506 PMCID: PMC10620499 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1264278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of inflammatory lung disorders in children may be related to maternal fatty acid intake during pregnancy. We therefore examined maternal fatty acid (FA) status during pregnancy and its associations with inflammatory markers and lung conditions in the child by analyzing data from the MEFAB cohort using multivariate canonical correlation analysis (CCA). In the MEFAB cohort, 39 different phospholipid FAs were measured in maternal plasma at 16, 22 and 32 weeks of pregnancy, and at day of birth. Child inflammatory markers and self-reported doctor diagnosis of inflammatory lung disorders were assessed at 7 years of age. Using CCA, we found that maternal FA levels during pregnancy were significantly associated with child inflammatory markers at 7 years of age and that Mead acid (20:3n-9) was the most important FA for this correlation. To further verify the importance of Mead acid, we examined the relation between maternal Mead acid levels at the day of birth with the development of inflammatory lung disorders in children at age 7. After stratification for the child's sex, maternal Mead acid levels at day of birth were significantly related with self-reported doctor diagnosis of asthma and lung infections in boys, and bronchitis and total number of lung disorders in girls. Future studies should investigate whether the importance of Mead acid in the relation between maternal FA status and inflammation and lung disorders in the child is due to its role as biomarker for essential fatty acid deficiency or due to its own biological function as pro-inflammatory mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H. Rouschop
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Smolinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marij Gielen
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Renate H. M. de Groot
- Department Conditions for Life Long Learning, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Maurice P. Zeegers
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Antoon Opperhuizen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Nederlandse Voedsel en Warenautoriteit (NVWA), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frederik J. van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Roger W. Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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2
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Stefani C, Pecoraro L, Flodmark CE, Zaffanello M, Piacentini G, Pietrobelli A. Allergic Diseases and Childhood Obesity: A Detrimental Link? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2061. [PMID: 37509700 PMCID: PMC10377533 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have described childhood obesity as a risk factor for atopic disease, particularly asthma. At the same time, this association seems to be more conflicting for allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria. This article aims to deepen the possibility of a relationship between childhood obesity and allergic diseases. As regards asthma, the mechanical and inflammatory effects of obesity can lead to its development. In addition, excess adiposity is associated with increased production of inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, leading to low-grade systemic inflammation and an increased risk of asthma exacerbations. Allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food allergies, and chronic urticaria also seem to be related to this state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation typical of obese children. Vitamin D deficiency appears to play a role in allergic rhinitis, while dyslipidemia and skin barrier defects could explain the link between obesity and atopic dermatitis. Starting from this evidence, it becomes of fundamental importance to act on body weight control to achieve general and allergic health, disentangling the detrimental link between obesity allergic diseases and childhood obesity. Further studies on the association between adiposity and atopy are needed, confirming the biologically active role of fat tissue in the development of allergic diseases and exploring the possibility of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Stefani
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Pecoraro
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Marco Zaffanello
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Angelo Pietrobelli
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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3
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Stumpf K, Mirpuri J. Maternal Macro- and Micronutrient Intake During Pregnancy: Does It Affect Allergic Predisposition in Offspring? Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2023; 43:27-42. [PMID: 36411006 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This review article explores the available literature on the association of maternal nutrient intake with development of allergies in offspring. It examines the mechanisms for maternal diet-mediated effects on offspring immunity and dissects recent human and animal studies that evaluate the role of both maternal macro- and micronutrient intake on offspring susceptibility to asthma, eczema, food allergy, and atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Stumpf
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard- Suite F3.302, Dallas, TX 75390-9063, USA.
| | - Julie Mirpuri
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard- Suite F3.302, Dallas, TX 75390-9063, USA.
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4
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Denizli M, Capitano ML, Kua KL. Maternal obesity and the impact of associated early-life inflammation on long-term health of offspring. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:940937. [PMID: 36189369 PMCID: PMC9523142 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.940937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is increasingly common in the United States, with ~25% of women of reproductive age being overweight or obese. Metaflammation, a chronic low grade inflammatory state caused by altered metabolism, is often present in pregnancies complicated by obesity. As a result, the fetuses of mothers who are obese are exposed to an in-utero environment that has altered nutrients and cytokines. Notably, both human and preclinical studies have shown that children born to mothers with obesity have higher risks of developing chronic illnesses affecting various organ systems. In this review, the authors sought to present the role of cytokines and inflammation during healthy pregnancy and determine how maternal obesity changes the inflammatory landscape of the mother, leading to fetal reprogramming. Next, the negative long-term impact on offspring’s health in numerous disease contexts, including offspring’s risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders (autism, attention deficit and hyperactive disorder), metabolic diseases (obesity, type 2 diabetes), atopy, and malignancies will be discussed along with the potential of altered immune/inflammatory status in offspring as a contributor of these diseases. Finally, the authors will list critical knowledge gaps in the field of developmental programming of health and diseases in the context of offspring of mothers with obesity, particularly the understudied role of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Denizli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN, United States
| | - Maegan L. Capitano
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN, United States
| | - Kok Lim Kua
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Kok Lim Kua,
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Lin H, Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Li C, Xu W, Chen X, Huang H, Jin L. Maternal High-Fat Diet Aggravates Allergic Asthma in Offspring via Modulating CD4 + T-Cell Differentiation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122508. [PMID: 35745240 PMCID: PMC9230034 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal improper nutrition has been reported to trigger respiratory disorders in offspring. Here, we characterized the effects of high-fat environment in the fetal period on mice and human cord blood CD4+ T-lymphocytes, and investigated their roles in susceptibility to asthma. Mice born to mothers that consumed a high-fat diet (HFD) throughout the gestation period were sensitized by ovalbumin to establish an experimental asthma model. To further extrapolate to humans, we collected cord blood from neonates of hypercholesterolemic (HC) mothers (n = 18) and control mothers (n = 20). In mice, aggravated airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation revealed that maternal high-fat diet could lead to exacerbated allergic asthma in adult offspring. It was partially due to augmented activation and proliferation of CD4+ T-cells, where upregulated klf2 mRNA levels may be potentially involved. Notably, naïve HFD CD4+ T-cells had enhanced TH2-based immune response both in vivo and in vitro, resulting from DNA hypomethylation of the Il-4 promoter region. Moreover, in human, TH2 cytokines transcripts were enhanced in CD4+ T-cells of the HC group, which was associated with an increased risk of developing allergic diseases at 3 years old. Together, our study indicated that early life improper nutrition-triggered epigenetic changes in T-cells may contribute to long-lasting alterations in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (H.L.); (C.L.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yiran Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yajie Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (H.L.); (C.L.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Xi Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (H.H.); (L.J.)
| | - Hefeng Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (H.L.); (C.L.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (H.H.); (L.J.)
| | - Li Jin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (H.L.); (C.L.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (H.H.); (L.J.)
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Fainardi V, Passadore L, Labate M, Pisi G, Esposito S. An Overview of the Obese-Asthma Phenotype in Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020636. [PMID: 35055456 PMCID: PMC8775557 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood. Overweight and obesity are included among the comorbidities considered in patients with difficult-to-treat asthma, suggesting a specific phenotype of the disease. Therefore, the constant increase in obesity prevalence in children and adolescents raises concerns about the parallel increase of obesity-associated asthma. The possible correlation between obesity and asthma has been investigated over the last decade by different authors, who suggest a complex multifactorial relationship. Although the particular non-eosinophilic endotype of obesity-related asthma supports the concept that high body weight precedes asthma development, there is ongoing debate about the direct causality of these two entities. A number of mechanisms may be involved in asthma in combination with obesity disease in children, including reduced physical activity, abnormal ventilation, chronic systemic inflammation, hormonal influences, genetics and additional comorbidities, such as gastroesophageal reflux and dysfunctional breathing. The identification of the obesity-related asthma phenotype is crucial to initiate specific therapeutic management. Besides the cornerstones of asthma treatment, lifestyle should be optimized, with interventions aiming to promote physical exercise, healthy diet, and comorbidities. Future studies should clarify the exact association between asthma and obesity and the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these two related conditions with the aim to define personalized therapeutic strategies for asthma management in this population.
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Wasserman E, Worgall S. Perinatal origins of chronic lung disease: mechanisms-prevention-therapy-sphingolipid metabolism and the genetic and perinatal origins of childhood asthma. Mol Cell Pediatr 2021; 8:22. [PMID: 34931265 PMCID: PMC8688659 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-021-00130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood asthma derives from complex host-environment interactions occurring in the perinatal and infant period, a critical time for lung development. Sphingolipids are bioactive molecules consistently implicated in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) initially identified a link between alleles within the 17q21 asthma-susceptibility locus, childhood asthma, and overexpression of the ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3 (ORMDL3), an inhibitor of de novo sphingolipid synthesis. Subsequent studies of pediatric asthma offer strong evidence that these asthma-risk alleles correlate with early-life aberrancies of sphingolipid homeostasis and asthma. Relationships between sphingolipid metabolism and asthma-related risk factors, including maternal obesity and respiratory viral infections, are currently under investigation. This review will summarize how these perinatal and early life exposures can synergize with 17q21 asthma risk alleles to exacerbate disruptions of sphingolipid homeostasis and drive asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Wasserman
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, Box 225, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, 12th Floor, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Stefan Worgall
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, Box 225, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, 12th Floor, New York, NY, 10021, USA. .,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, 13th Floor, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Rouschop SH, Snow SJ, Kodavanti UP, Drittij MJ, Maas LM, Opperhuizen A, van Schooten FJ, Remels AH, Godschalk RW. Perinatal High-Fat Diet Influences Ozone-Induced Responses on Pulmonary Oxidant Status and the Molecular Control of Mitophagy in Female Rat Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147551. [PMID: 34299170 PMCID: PMC8304403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that a perinatal obesogenic, high-fat diet (HFD) is able to exacerbate ozone-induced adverse effects on lung function, injury, and inflammation in offspring, and it has been suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated herein. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a perinatal obesogenic HFD affects ozone-induced changes in offspring pulmonary oxidant status and the molecular control of mitochondrial function. For this purpose, female Long-Evans rats were fed a control diet or HFD before and during gestation, and during lactation, after which the offspring were acutely exposed to filtered air or ozone at a young-adult age (forty days). Directly following this exposure, the offspring lungs were examined for markers related to oxidative stress; oxidative phosphorylation; and mitochondrial fusion, fission, biogenesis, and mitophagy. Acute ozone exposure significantly increased pulmonary oxidant status and upregulated the molecular machinery that controls receptor-mediated mitophagy. In female offspring, a perinatal HFD exacerbated these responses, whereas in male offspring, responses were similar for both diet groups. The expression of the genes and proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, and fission was not affected by ozone exposure or perinatal HFD. These findings suggest that a perinatal HFD influences ozone-induced responses on pulmonary oxidant status and the molecular control of mitophagy in female rat offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H. Rouschop
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.H.R.); (M.-J.D.); (L.M.M.); (A.O.); (F.J.v.S.); (A.H.R.)
| | - Samantha J. Snow
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, USA; (S.J.S.); (U.P.K.)
- ICF International Inc., Durham, NC 27711, USA
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, USA; (S.J.S.); (U.P.K.)
| | - Marie-José Drittij
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.H.R.); (M.-J.D.); (L.M.M.); (A.O.); (F.J.v.S.); (A.H.R.)
| | - Lou M. Maas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.H.R.); (M.-J.D.); (L.M.M.); (A.O.); (F.J.v.S.); (A.H.R.)
| | - Antoon Opperhuizen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.H.R.); (M.-J.D.); (L.M.M.); (A.O.); (F.J.v.S.); (A.H.R.)
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), 3511 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik J. van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.H.R.); (M.-J.D.); (L.M.M.); (A.O.); (F.J.v.S.); (A.H.R.)
| | - Alexander H. Remels
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.H.R.); (M.-J.D.); (L.M.M.); (A.O.); (F.J.v.S.); (A.H.R.)
| | - Roger W. Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.H.R.); (M.-J.D.); (L.M.M.); (A.O.); (F.J.v.S.); (A.H.R.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Maternal high-fat diet in mice alters immune regulation and lung function in the offspring. Br J Nutr 2020; 126:844-852. [PMID: 33243305 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520004742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PUFA modulate immune function and have been associated with the risk of childhood atopy and asthma. We investigated the effect of maternal fat intake in mice on PUFA status, elongase and desaturase gene expression, inflammatory markers and lung function in the offspring. C57BL/6J mice (n 32) were fed either standard chow (C, 20·4 % energy as fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD, 39·9 % energy as fat) for 4 weeks prior to conception and during gestation and lactation. At 21 d of age, offspring were weaned onto either the HFD or C, generating four experimental groups: C/C, C/HF, HF/C and HF/HF. Plasma and liver fatty acid composition were measured by GC and gene expression by quantitative PCR. Lung resistance to methacholine was assessed. Arachidonic acid concentrations in offspring plasma and liver phospholipids were increased by HFD; this effect was greater in the post-natal HFD group. DHA concentration in offspring liver phospholipids was increased in response to HFD and was higher in the post-natal HFD group. Post-natal HFD increased hepatic fatty acid desaturase (FADS) 2 and elongation of very long-chain fatty acid 5 expression in male offspring, whereas maternal HFD elevated expression of FADS1 and FADS2 in female offspring compared with males. Post-natal HFD increased expression of IL-6 and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in perivascular adipose tissue. The HFD lowered lung resistance to methacholine. Excessive maternal fat intake during development modifies hepatic PUFA status in offspring through regulation of gene expression of enzymes that are involved in PUFA biosynthesis and modifies the development of the offspring lungs leading to respiratory dysfunction.
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10
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Abstract
Gut microbiota are known to impact multiple organs including the lung. The cross talk between gut microbes and lungs, termed as the "gut-lung axis," is vital for immune response and homeostasis in the airways. In this chapter, we summarized the coordinated development of microorganisms in the gut and lung, exogenous and endogenous factors related to the cross talk, the mechanisms of the gut-lung axis and their dysbiosis in lung diseases. Although the current understanding of the gut-lung axis is in its infancy, several gut microbiota-associated strategies have been designed to treat and prevent lung diseases.
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Maternal Obesity in Mice Exacerbates the Allergic Inflammatory Response in the Airways of Male Offspring. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122902. [PMID: 31805682 PMCID: PMC6950392 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It was previously demonstrated that non-allergen-sensitized rodents born to mothers exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD) spontaneously develop lower respiratory compliance and higher respiratory resistance. In the present study, we sought to determine if mice born to mothers consuming HFD would exhibit changes in inflammatory response and lung remodeling when subjected to ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization/challenge in adult life. Mice born to dams consuming either HFD or standard chow had increased bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-α and TGF-β1 after challenge with OVA. IL-4, IL-13, TNF-α and TGF-β1 levels were further increased in the offspring of HFD-fed mothers. Mice born to obese dams also had exacerbated values of leukocyte infiltration in lung parenchyma, eosinophil and neutrophil counts in BAL, mucus overproduction and collagen deposition. The programming induced by maternal obesity was accompanied by increased expression of miR-155 in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells and reduced miR-133b in trachea and lung tissue in adult life. Altogether, the present data support the unprecedented notion that the progeny of obese mice display exacerbated responses to sensitization/challenge with OVA, leading to the intensification of the morphological changes of lung remodeling. Such changes are likely to result from long-lasting changes in miR-155 and miR-133b expression.
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12
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Heyob KM, Mieth S, Sugar SS, Graf AE, Lallier SW, Britt RD, Rogers LK. Maternal high-fat diet alters lung development and function in the offspring. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L167-L174. [PMID: 31042079 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00331.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of maternal obesity on lung development have been recognized, and speculation is that these diseases are not simply because of accelerated pulmonary decline with aging but with a failure to achieve optimal lung development during early life. These studies tested the hypothesis that maternal obesity alters signaling pathways during the course of lung development that may affect life-long pulmonary health. Adult female mice were fed 60% fat [high-fat diet (HFD)] or 10% fat [control diet (CD)] for 8 wk before mating and through weaning. Pup lung tissues were collected at postnatal days (PN) 7, 21, and 90 (after receiving HFD or CD as adults). At PN7, body weights from HFD were greater than CD but lung weight-to-body weight ratios were lower. In lung tissues, NFκB-mediated inflammation was greater in HFD pups at PN21 and phospho-/total STAT3, phospho-/total VEGF receptor 2, and total AKT protein levels were lower with maternal HFD and protein tyrosine phosphatase B1 levels were increased. Decreased platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule levels were observed at PN21 and at PN90 in the pups exposed to maternal HFD. Morphometry indicated that the pups exposed to maternal or adult HFD had fewer alveoli, and the effect was additive. Decreases in pulmonary resistance, elastance, and compliance were observed because of adult HFD diet and decreases in airway resistance and increases in inspiratory capacity because of maternal HFD. In conclusion, maternal HFD disrupts signaling pathways in the early developing lung and may contribute to deficiencies in lung function and increased susceptibility in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Heyob
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Saya Mieth
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sophia S Sugar
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amanda E Graf
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Scott W Lallier
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rodney D Britt
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lynette K Rogers
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
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13
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Smoothy J, Larcombe AN, Chivers EK, Matthews VB, Gorman S. Maternal high fat diet compromises survival and modulates lung development of offspring, and impairs lung function of dams (female mice). Respir Res 2019; 20:21. [PMID: 30700289 PMCID: PMC6354360 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-0976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have identified strong relationships between maternal obesity and offspring respiratory dysfunction; however, the causal direction is not known. We tested whether maternal obesity alters respiratory function of offspring in early life. Methods Female C57Bl/6 J mice were fed a high or low fat diet prior to and during two rounds of mating and resulting pregnancies with offspring lung function assessed at 2 weeks of age. The lung function of dams was measured at 33 weeks of age. Results A high fat diet caused significant weight gain prior to conception with dams exhibiting elevated fasting glucose, and glucose intolerance. The number of surviving litters was significantly less for dams fed a high fat diet, and surviving offspring weighed more, were longer and had larger lung volumes than those born to dams fed a low fat diet. The larger lung volumes significantly correlated in a linear fashion with body length. Pups born from the second pregnancy had reduced tissue elastance compared to pups born from the first pregnancy, regardless of the dam’s diet. As there was reduced offspring survival born to dams fed a high fat diet, the statistical power of lung function measures of offspring was limited. There were signs of increased inflammation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of dams (but not offspring) fed a high fat diet, with more tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin(IL)-5, IL-33 and leptin detected. Dams that were fed a high fat diet and became pregnant twice had reduced fasting glucose immediately prior to the second mating, and lower levels of IL-33 and leptin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Conclusions While maternal high fat diet compromised litter survival, it also promoted somatic and lung growth (increased lung volume) in the offspring. Further studies are required to examine downstream effects of this enhanced lung volume on respiratory function in disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Smoothy
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Alexander N Larcombe
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
| | - Emily K Chivers
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Vance B Matthews
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Shelley Gorman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
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14
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Teferra AA, Vonk JM, Boezen HM. Sex, smoking and body mass index: do they aid in uncovering the complex mechanisms behind airway hyperresponsiveness? Expert Rev Respir Med 2018; 12:989-991. [PMID: 30362836 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2018.1541741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Teferra
- a Department of Epidemiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,b GRIAC Research Institute , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- a Department of Epidemiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,b GRIAC Research Institute , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - H Marike Boezen
- a Department of Epidemiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,b GRIAC Research Institute , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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15
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Westberg AP, Salonen MK, von Bonsdorff M, Osmond C, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG. Maternal adiposity in pregnancy and offspring asthma in adulthood. Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.01152-2018. [PMID: 30072509 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01152-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Westberg
- Dept of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna K Salonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikaela von Bonsdorff
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Clive Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Dept of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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MacDonald KD, Moran AR, Scherman AJ, McEvoy CT, Platteau AS. Maternal high-fat diet in mice leads to innate airway hyperresponsiveness in the adult offspring. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:e13082. [PMID: 28275108 PMCID: PMC5350159 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity prior to and during pregnancy has been associated with an increased incidence of childhood asthma. As diets rich in saturated fat are linked to obesity and inflammation, we created a murine model to investigate the effect of maternal high-fat diet (HFD) on adult offspring airway hyperreactivity (AHR), a cardinal feature of asthma. Balb/cByJ dams were fed a HFD (60% fat Calories) or normal-fat diet (NFD) (10% fat Calories) from 8 weeks prior to first breeding through their pregnancies. Pups were weaned to either a HFD or NFD (at 4 weeks of age). AHR was measured in the 10-week-old offspring following inhaled methacholine challenge by end-inflation technique. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for cell count, total protein, and IL-6. Offspring of HFD dams weaned to NFD had increased AHR compared to offspring of NFD dams weaned to NFD Offspring of HFD dams that remained on HFDs had increased AHR compared to offspring of NFD dams weaned to HFDs. Offspring of HFD dams had higher BALF cell counts, higher neutrophil percentage, greater total protein, and IL-6 in the BALF These results demonstrate that a maternal diet high in saturated fat through pregnancy and lactation plays a key role in programming adult offspring AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin D MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Aurelia R Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ashley J Scherman
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Cindy T McEvoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Astrid S Platteau
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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