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Wu X, Zhou Y, Xi Y, Zhou H, Tang Z, Xiong L, Qin D. Polyphenols: Natural Food-Grade Biomolecules for the Treatment of Nervous System Diseases from a Multi-Target Perspective. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:775. [PMID: 38931442 PMCID: PMC11206395 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are the most prevalent naturally occurring phytochemicals in the human diet and range in complexity from simple molecules to high-molecular-weight polymers. They have a broad range of chemical structures and are generally categorized as "neuroprotective", "anti-inflammatory", and "antioxidant" given their main function of halting disease onset and promoting health. Research has shown that some polyphenols and their metabolites can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and hence increase neuroprotective signaling and neurohormonal effects to provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Therefore, multi-targeted modulation of polyphenols may prevent the progression of neuropsychiatric disorders and provide a new practical therapeutic strategy for difficult-to-treat neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, multi-target modulation of polyphenols has the potential to prevent the progression of neuropsychiatric disorders and provide a new practical therapeutic strategy for such nervous system diseases. Herein, we review the therapeutic benefits of polyphenols on autism-spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, and sleep disorders, along with in vitro and ex vivo experimental and clinical trials. Although their methods of action are still under investigation, polyphenols are still seldom employed directly as therapeutic agents for nervous system disorders. Comprehensive mechanistic investigations and large-scale multicenter randomized controlled trials are required to properly evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and side effects of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yujiang Xi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Haimei Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (H.Z.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhengxiu Tang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (H.Z.); (Z.T.)
| | - Lei Xiong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Dongdong Qin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (H.Z.); (Z.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
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2
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Henderson LM, St Clair M, Knowland V, van Rijn E, Walker S, Gaskell MG. Stronger Associations Between Sleep and Mental Health in Adults with Autism: A UK Biobank Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:1543-1559. [PMID: 34860312 PMCID: PMC10066094 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined sleep and its cognitive and affective correlates in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD), utilizing UK Biobank data. There were no group differences in subjective sleep duration [n = 220 ASD; n = 2200 general population (GP)]. Accelerometer measures of sleep duration or nighttime activity did not differ by group, but sleep efficiency was marginally lower in ASD (n = 83 ASD; n = 824 GP). Sleep efficiency was associated with wellbeing and mental health, and pathways between accelerometer sleep measures and wellbeing and mental health were significantly stronger for adults with ASD (who also reported substantially poorer wellbeing and > 5 × likelihood of experiencing mental distress). These findings highlight the need to monitor sleep to maintain good mental health in adult ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Henderson
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - M St Clair
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - V Knowland
- Department of Speech and Language Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - E van Rijn
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - S Walker
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - M G Gaskell
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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3
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Measuring Social Camouflaging in Individuals with High Functioning Autism: A Literature Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030469. [PMID: 36979279 PMCID: PMC10046375 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, growing attention has been paid to the use of camouflaging strategies by adult populations suffering from autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with milder manifestations and without intellectual impairment, which may lead to a delay in diagnosis or even a misdiagnosis. In fact, high-functioning ASD individuals were reported to be more aware of their communication difficulties and were more likely make considerable efforts to adjust their behavior to conventional rules of non-autistic individuals, learning to imitate other non-ASD individuals. Moreover, females reported a higher frequency of camouflaging strategies, suggesting a role of camouflaging in the gender gap of the ASD diagnosis. Although camouflaging strategies can sometimes grant a better level of adjustment, even resulting in a hyper-adaptive behavior, they are also often correlated with negative mental health consequences due to the long-term stress associated with continuous attempts to adapt in day-to-day life. In this framework, the aim of the present work was to review the available studies that assessed the presence and correlates of camouflaging strategies in individuals with ASD. Although the literature available on the topic is still scarce, some interesting correlations between camouflaging and anxious and depressive symptoms, as well as suicidality, were highlighted. In particular, the controversial and sometime opposite thoughts and results about camouflaging may be clarified and integrated in light of a dimensional approach to psychopathology.
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4
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Rahaman MA, Lopa M, Uddin KMF, Baqui MA, Keya SP, Faruk MO, Sarker S, Basiruzzaman M, Islam M, AlBanna A, Jahan N, Chowdhury MAKA, Saha N, Hussain M, Colombi C, O'Rielly D, Woodbury-Smith M, Ghaziuddin M, Rahman MM, Uddin M. An Exploration of Physical and Phenotypic Characteristics of Bangladeshi Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:2392-2401. [PMID: 32975665 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the physical and clinical phenotype of Bangladeshi children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A totally of 283 children who were referred for screening and administered Module 1 of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) were included. Overall, 209 met the ADOS algorithmic cutoff for ASD. A trend for greater weight and head circumference was observed in children with ASD versus non-ASD. Head circumference was significantly (p < 0.03) larger in ASD males compared with non-ASD males. A trend was also observed for symptom severity, higher in females than males (p = 0.068), with further analyses demonstrating that social reciprocity (p < 0.014) and functional play (p < 0.03) were significantly more impaired in ASD females than males. The findings help understand sex differences in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashiquir Rahaman
- Centre for Precision Therapeutics, NeuroGen Children's Healthcare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Maksuda Lopa
- Centre for Precision Therapeutics, NeuroGen Children's Healthcare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - K M Furkan Uddin
- Centre for Precision Therapeutics, NeuroGen Children's Healthcare, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Genetics and Genomic Medicine Centre, NeuroGen Children's Healthcare, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Baqui
- Centre for Precision Therapeutics, NeuroGen Children's Healthcare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Selina Parvin Keya
- Centre for Precision Therapeutics, NeuroGen Children's Healthcare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Omar Faruk
- Centre for Precision Therapeutics, NeuroGen Children's Healthcare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shaoli Sarker
- Centre for Precision Therapeutics, NeuroGen Children's Healthcare, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Genetics and Genomic Medicine Centre, NeuroGen Children's Healthcare, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Paediatric Neuroscience, Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Basiruzzaman
- Centre for Precision Therapeutics, NeuroGen Children's Healthcare, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Genetics and Genomic Medicine Centre, NeuroGen Children's Healthcare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mazharul Islam
- Centre for Precision Therapeutics, NeuroGen Children's Healthcare, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Genetics and Genomic Medicine Centre, NeuroGen Children's Healthcare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ammar AlBanna
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE.,Al Jalila Specialty Children's Hospital, Dubai, UAE
| | - Nargis Jahan
- Centre for Precision Therapeutics, NeuroGen Children's Healthcare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M A K Azad Chowdhury
- Neonatology, Bangladesh Institute of Child Health, Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Narayan Saha
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, National Institute of Neurosciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Manzoor Hussain
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Costanza Colombi
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Darren O'Rielly
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Genomics, Memorial University, St. Johns, Canada
| | - Marc Woodbury-Smith
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Mohammad Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Uddin
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE. .,Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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5
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Gupta M, Chaudhary R. Diagnostic Challenges of High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder in Females. Cureus 2021; 13:e13006. [PMID: 33659137 PMCID: PMC7919612 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, research about distinct female phenotypes in autism spectrum disorders has gained momentum. These patients are often undiagnosed since they do not meet the diagnostic criterion. And since the current standardized instruments are based on the same criterion, these assessments may often lead to false negative results. In clinical settings these patients have a distinct presentation, challenges, and impairments. These findings are useful in understanding, early identification, and effectively treating these individuals. We present a case series to highlight these issues and summarize the recent advances in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Gupta
- Psychiatry, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, USA.,Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Clarion Psychiatric Center, Clarion, USA
| | - Ridhima Chaudhary
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Santokba Durlabhji Hospital, Jaipur, IND
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6
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Montazeri F, de Bildt A, Dekker V, Anderson GM. Network Analysis of Behaviors in the Depression and Autism Realms: Inter-Relationships and Clinical Implications. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 50:1580-1595. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-03914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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7
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Arid1b haploinsufficiency disrupts cortical interneuron development and mouse behavior. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:1694-1707. [PMID: 29184203 PMCID: PMC5726525 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of the AT-rich interactive domain 1B (ARID1B) gene causes autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability, however, the neurobiological basis for this is unknown. Here, we generated Arid1b knockout mice and examined heterozygotes to model human patients. Arid1b heterozygous mice showed a decreased number of cortical GABAergic interneurons and reduced proliferation of interneuron progenitors in the ganglionic eminence. Arid1b haploinsufficiency also led to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, we found that Arid1b haploinsufficiency suppressed histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9Ac) overall, and in particular reduced H3K9Ac of the Pvalb promoter, resulting in decreased transcription. Arid1b heterozygous mice exhibited abnormal cognitive and social behavior, which was rescued by treatment with a positive allosteric GABAA receptor modulator. Our results demonstrate a critical role for the Arid1b gene in interneuron development and behavior, and provide insight into the pathogenesis of ASD and intellectual disability.
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8
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Sasson NJ, Morrison KE. First impressions of adults with autism improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism knowledge of peers. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2017; 23:50-59. [PMID: 29039208 DOI: 10.1177/1362361317729526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A practical consideration for many intellectually able adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is whether to disclose their diagnostic status or try to mask their autistic characteristics to avoid judgment and discrimination. Here, we assessed first impressions of adults with ASD and typically developing controls (N = 40) made by typically developing observers (N = 215) when their diagnostic status was either withheld, accurately provided, or inaccurately provided. First impressions were less favorable for ASD participants compared to typically developing controls across a range of judgments, but were significantly more positive when accurately labeled as ASD compared to when no label was provided, when mislabeled as typically developing, or when mislabeled as having schizophrenia. For typically developing participants, ratings did not change when accurately labeled but improved when mislabeled as ASD. Greater autistic traits for the ASD and typically developing participants were associated with less favorable first impressions, and females were rated more favorably than males. Autism knowledge of the raters, but not age, IQ, or autistic traits, was positively associated with more favorable impressions of ASD participants. Collectively, these findings suggest that first impressions for intellectually able adults with ASD improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism understanding on the part of peers.
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9
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Commons KG, Cholanians AB, Babb JA, Ehlinger DG. The Rodent Forced Swim Test Measures Stress-Coping Strategy, Not Depression-like Behavior. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:955-960. [PMID: 28287253 PMCID: PMC5518600 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The forced swim test (FST) measures coping strategy to an acute inescapable stress and thus provides unique insight into the neural limb of the stress response. Stress, particularly chronic stress, is a contributing factor to depression in humans and depression is associated with altered response to stress. In addition, drugs that are effective antidepressants in humans typically promote active coping strategy in the FST. As a consequence, passive coping in the FST has become loosely equated with depression and is often referred to as "depression-like" behavior. This terminology oversimplifies complex biology and misrepresents both the utility and limitations of the FST. The FST provides little construct- or face-validity to support an interpretation as "depression-like" behavior. While stress coping and the FST are arguably relevant to depression, there are likely many factors that can influence stress coping strategy. Importantly, there are other neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by altered responses to stress and difficulty in adapting to change. One of these is autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and several mouse genetic models of ASD exhibit altered stress-coping strategies in the FST. Here we review evidence that argues a more thoughtful consideration of the FST, and more precise terminology, would benefit the study of stress and disorders characterized by altered response to stress, which include but are not limited to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn G. Commons
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Aram B. Cholanians
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jessica A. Babb
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Daniel G. Ehlinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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10
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Lai MC, Lombardo MV, Ruigrok AN, Chakrabarti B, Auyeung B, Szatmari P, Happé F, Baron-Cohen S. Quantifying and exploring camouflaging in men and women with autism. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2016; 21:690-702. [PMID: 27899710 PMCID: PMC5536256 DOI: 10.1177/1362361316671012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autobiographical descriptions and clinician observations suggest that some individuals with autism, particularly females, ‘camouflage’ their social communication difficulties, which may require considerable cognitive effort and lead to increased stress, anxiety and depression. Using data from 60 age- and IQ-matched men and women with autism (without intellectual disability), we operationalized camouflaging in adults with autism for the first time as the quantitative discrepancy between the person’s ‘external’ behavioural presentation in social–interpersonal contexts (measured by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) and the person’s ‘internal’ status (dispositional traits measured by the Autism Spectrum Quotient and social cognitive capability measured by the ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ Test). We found that the operationalized camouflaging measure was not significantly correlated with age or IQ. On average, women with autism had higher camouflaging scores than men with autism (Cohen’s d = 0.98), with substantial variability in both groups. Greater camouflaging was associated with more depressive symptoms in men and better signal-detection sensitivity in women with autism. The neuroanatomical association with camouflaging score was largely sex/gender-dependent and significant only in women: from reverse inference, the most correlated cognitive terms were about emotion and memory. The underlying constructs, measurement, mechanisms, consequences and heterogeneity of camouflaging in autism warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chuan Lai
- 1 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada.,2 The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada.,3 University of Toronto, Canada.,4 University of Cambridge, UK.,5 National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Bonnie Auyeung
- 4 University of Cambridge, UK.,8 The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Szatmari
- 1 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada.,2 The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada.,3 University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- 4 University of Cambridge, UK.,10 Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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11
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Matson JL, Cervantes PE, Peters WJ. Autism spectrum disorders: management over the lifespan. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:1301-1310. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1203255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L. Matson
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Paige E. Cervantes
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - W. Jason Peters
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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12
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Chandrasekhar T, Sikich L. Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of depression in autism spectrum disorders across the lifespan. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016. [PMID: 26246795 PMCID: PMC4518704 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2015.17.2/tchandrasekhar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of comorbid neuropsychiatric illness is often a secondary focus of treatment in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), given that substantial impairment may be caused by core symptoms of ASD itself. However, psychiatric comorbidities, including depressive disorders, are common and frequently result in additional functional impairment, treatment costs, and burden on caregivers. Clinicians may struggle to appropriately diagnose depression in ASD due to communication deficits, atypical presentation of depression in ASD, and lack of standardized diagnostic tools. Specific risk and resilience factors for depression in ASD across the lifespan, including level of functioning, age, family history, and coping style, have been suggested, but require further study. Treatment with medications or psychotherapy may be beneficial, though more research is required to establish guidelines for management of symptoms. This review will describe typical presentations of depression in individuals with ASD, review current information on the prevalence, assessment, and treatment of comorbid depression in individuals with ASD, and identify important research gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Chandrasekhar
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medi-cine; University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Linmarie Sikich
- Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Director, ASPIRE Research Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medi-cine; University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Rynkiewicz A, Schuller B, Marchi E, Piana S, Camurri A, Lassalle A, Baron-Cohen S. An investigation of the ‘female camouflage effect’ in autism using a computerized ADOS-2 and a test of sex/gender differences. Mol Autism 2016; 7:10. [PMID: 26798446 PMCID: PMC4721191 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-016-0073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum conditions (autism) are diagnosed more frequently in boys than in girls. Females with autism may have been under-identified due to not only a male-biased understanding of autism but also females’ camouflaging. The study describes a new technique that allows automated coding of non-verbal mode of communication (gestures) and offers the possibility of objective, evaluation of gestures, independent of human judgment. The EyesWeb software platform and the Kinect sensor during two demonstration activities of ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition) were used. Methods The study group consisted of 33 high-functioning Polish girls and boys with formal diagnosis of autism or Asperger syndrome aged 5–10, with fluent speech, IQ average and above and their parents (girls with autism, n = 16; boys with autism, n = 17). All children were assessed during two demonstration activities of Module 3 of ADOS-2, administered in Polish, and coded using Polish codes. Children were also assessed with Polish versions of the Eyes and Faces Tests. Parents provided information on the author-reviewed Polish research translation of SCQ (Social Communication Questionnaire, Current and Lifetime) and Polish version of AQ Child (Autism Spectrum Quotient, Child). Results Girls with autism tended to use gestures more vividly as compared to boys with autism during two demonstration activities of ADOS-2. Girls with autism made significantly more mistakes than boys with autism on the Faces Test. All children with autism had high scores in AQ Child, which confirmed the presence of autistic traits in this group. The current communication skills of boys with autism reported by parents in SCQ were significantly better than those of girls with autism. However, both girls with autism and boys with autism improved in the social and communication abilities over the lifetime. The number of stereotypic behaviours in boys significantly decreased over life whereas it remained at a comparable level in girls with autism. Conclusions High-functioning females with autism might present better on non-verbal (gestures) mode of communication than boys with autism. It may camouflage other diagnostic features. It poses risk of under-diagnosis or not receiving the appropriate diagnosis for this population. Further research is required to examine this phenomenon so appropriate gender revisions to the diagnostic assessments might be implemented.
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14
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Educational Experiences and Needs of Higher Education Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Carré A, Chevallier C, Robel L, Barry C, Maria AS, Pouga L, Philippe A, Pinabel F, Berthoz S. Tracking Social Motivation Systems Deficits: The Affective Neuroscience View of Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2015; 45:3351-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Ozinci Z, Kahn T, Antar LN. Depression in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Psychiatr Ann 2012. [DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20120806-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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This Issue: Case Challenges in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Psychiatr Ann 2012. [DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20120806-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Nadeau J, Sulkowski ML, Ung D, Wood JJ, Lewin AB, Murphy TK, May JE, Storch EA. Treatment of comorbid anxiety and autism spectrum disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 1:567-578. [DOI: 10.2217/npy.11.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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