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Gut microbiota: a potential manipulator for host adipose tissue and energy metabolism. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 64:206-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Csanova A, Hlavacova N, Hasiec M, Pokusa M, Prokopova B, Jezova D. β 3-Adrenergic receptors, adipokines and neuroendocrine activation during stress induced by repeated immune challenge in male and female rats. Stress 2017; 20:294-302. [PMID: 28412873 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2017.1320387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main hypothesis of the study is that stress associated with repeated immune challenge has an impact on β3-adrenergic receptor gene expression in the brain. Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with increasing doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for five consecutive days. LPS treatment was associated with body weight loss and increased anxiety-like behavior. In LPS-treated animals of both sexes, β3-receptor gene expression was increased in the prefrontal cortex but not the hippocampus. LPS treatment decreased β3-receptor gene expression in white adipose tissue with higher values in males compared to females. In the adipose tissue, LPS reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, leptin and adiponectin gene expression, but increased interleukin-6 expression, irrespective of sex. Repeated immune challenge resulted in increased concentrations of plasma aldosterone and corticosterone with higher values of corticosterone in females compared to males. Concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in plasma were unaffected by LPS, while DHEA levels in the frontal cortex were lower in the LPS-treated animals compared to the controls. Thus, changes of DHEA levels in the brain take place irrespective of the changes of this neurosteroid in plasma. We have provided the first evidence on stress-induced increase in β3-adrenergic receptor gene expression in the brain. Greater reduction of β3-adrenergic receptor expression in the adipose tissue and of the body weight gain by repeated immune challenge in male than in female rats suggests sex differences in the role of β3-adrenergic receptors in the metabolic functions. LPS-induced changes in adipose tissue regulatory factors and hormone concentrations might be important for coping with chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnesa Csanova
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology , Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Natasa Hlavacova
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology , Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Malgorzata Hasiec
- b The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences , Jablonna , Poland
| | - Michal Pokusa
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology , Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Prokopova
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology , Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
- c Faculty of Pharmacy , Comenius University in Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Daniela Jezova
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology , Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
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Iwasa T, Matsuzaki T, Matsui S, Tungalagsuvd A, Munkhzaya M, Takiguchi E, Kawakita T, Kuwahara A, Yasui T, Irahara M. The sensitivity of adipose tissue visfatin mRNA expression to lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia is increased by ovariectomy in female rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 35:243-247. [PMID: 27083000 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Visfatin plays an important role in inflammatory and metabolic conditions. In this study, the effects of septic stress on the serum, white-adipose-tissue (WAT), and liver visfatin levels of male and female rats were examined. Both gonadally intact (sham) and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats were used in order to evaluate the effects of the gonadal hormonal milieu on visfatin responses. Under the saline-injected conditions, the serum visfatin levels and the hepatic, subcutaneous, and visceral WAT visfatin mRNA levels of the OVX and sham rats did not differ. The serum visfatin levels and the subcutaneous, visceral WAT, and hepatic visfatin mRNA levels of both male and female rats were increased by the injection of a septic dose (5mg/kg) of LPS. At 6h after the injection of LPS, the WAT visfatin mRNA levels of the OVX rats were higher than those of the sham rats, whereas the serum visfatin levels and hepatic visfatin mRNA levels of the two groups did not differ. In the cultured visceral WAT, visfatin antagonist (FK-866) attenuated the LPS-induced up-regulations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). The pathophysiological roles of visfatin under septic conditions remain to be clarified. In addition, the precise mechanisms responsible for the increased WAT visfatin expression seen after ovariectomy and the effects of such changes should also be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Matsuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Sumika Matsui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Altankhuu Tungalagsuvd
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Munkhsaikhan Munkhzaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Eri Takiguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takako Kawakita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akira Kuwahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yasui
- Department of Reproductive Technology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Ren J, Xu X, Wang Q, Ren SY, Dong M, Zhang Y. Permissive role of AMPK and autophagy in adiponectin deficiency-accentuated myocardial injury and inflammation in endotoxemia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 93:18-31. [PMID: 26906634 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin (APN), an adipose-derived adipokine, alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury in multiple organs including hearts although the underlying mechanism in endotoxemia remains elusive. This study was designed to examine the role of adiponectin in LPS-induced cardiac anomalies and inflammation as well as the underlying mechanism with a focus on autophagy - a conserved machinery for bulk degradation of intracellular components. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type (WT) and APN(-/-) mice were challenged with LPS (4mg/kg) or saline for 6h. Echocardiography, cardiomyocyte contractile and intracellular Ca(2+) properties were evaluated. Markers of autophagy, apoptosis and inflammation including LC3B, p62, Beclin1, AMPK, mTOR, ULK, Caspase 3, Bcl-2, Bax, TLR4, TRAF6, MyD88, IL-1B, TNFα, HMGB1, JNK and IκB were examined using Western blot or RT-PCR. Our results showed that LPS challenge reduced fractional shortening, compromised cardiomyocyte contractile capacity, intracellular Ca(2+) handling properties, apoptosis and inflammation, which were accentuated by adiponectin ablation. Adiponectin ablation unmasked the LPS-induced cardiac remodeling (left ventricular end systolic diameter) and prolongation of cell shortening. The detrimental effects of adiponectin ablation were associated with dampened autophagy in response to LPS through an AMPK-mTOR-ULK1-dependent mechanism. In vivo administration of AMPK activator AICAR or the autophagy inducer rapamycin effectively attenuated or obliterated LPS-induced and adiponectin deficiency-accentuated responses without affecting TLR4, TRAF6 and MyD88. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that AMPK and autophagy may play a permissive role in the adiponectin deficiency-exacerbated cardiac dysfunction, apoptosis and inflammation under LPS challenge possibly at the post-TLR4 receptor level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Xihui Xu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Qiurong Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Sidney Y Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Maolong Dong
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Burn and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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Hall A, Leuwer M, Trayhurn P, Welters ID. Lipopolysaccharide induces a downregulation of adiponectin receptors in-vitro and in-vivo. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1428. [PMID: 26618091 PMCID: PMC4655095 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Adipose tissue contributes to the inflammatory response through production of cytokines, recruitment of macrophages and modulation of the adiponectin system. Previous studies have identified a down-regulation of adiponectin in pathologies characterised by acute (sepsis and endotoxaemia) and chronic inflammation (obesity and type-II diabetes mellitus). In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that LPS would reduce adiponectin receptor expression in a murine model of endotoxaemia and in adipoocyte and myocyte cell cultures. Methods. 25 mg/kg LPS was injected intra-peritoneally into C57BL/6J mice, equivalent volumes of normal saline were used in control animals. Mice were killed at 4 or 24 h post injection and tissues harvested. Murine adipocytes (3T3-L1) and myocytes (C2C12) were grown in standard culture, treated with LPS (0.1 µg/ml–10 µg/ml) and harvested at 4 and 24 h. RNA was extracted and qPCR was conducted according to standard protocols and relative expression was calculated. Results. After LPS treatment there was a significant reduction after 4 h in gene expression of adipo R1 in muscle and peri-renal fat and of adipo R2 in liver, peri-renal fat and abdominal wall subcutaneous fat. After 24 h, significant reductions were limited to muscle. Cell culture extracts showed varied changes with reduction in adiponectin and adipo R2 gene expression only in adipocytes. Conclusions. LPS reduced adiponectin receptor gene expression in several tissues including adipocytes. This reflects a down-regulation of this anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitising pathway in response to LPS. The trend towards base line after 24 h in tissue depots may reflect counter-regulatory mechanisms. Adiponectin receptor regulation differs in the tissues investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Hall
- Department of Critical Care, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, Obesity Biology Research Unit, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , United Kingdom
| | - Martin Leuwer
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , United Kingdom
| | - Paul Trayhurn
- Obesity Biology Research Unit, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , United Kingdom ; Clore Laboratory, University of Buckingham , Buckingham , United Kingdom ; College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ingeborg D Welters
- Department of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , United Kingdom ; Department of Critical Care, Royal Liverpool University Hospital , Liverpool , United Kingdom
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Guo J, Liu Z, Sun H, Huang Y, Albrecht E, Zhao R, Yang X. Lipopolysaccharide challenge significantly influences lipid metabolism and proteome of white adipose tissue in growing pigs. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:68. [PMID: 26152344 PMCID: PMC4493945 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background White adipose tissue is recognized as a highly active organ, which is closely related to a large number of physiological and metabolic processes besides storing triglycerides. However, little is known regarding the response of adipose tissue to acute inflammation. Therefore, in this study we employed growing pigs to investigate the changes of lipid metabolism and proteome in white adipose tissue after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation as a model for bacterial infection. Methods The expression of lipid metabolism and inflammation related genes was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Label-free proteomics analysis was used to investigate changes of the protein profile in white adipose tissue and western blot was used to verify changes of selected adipokines. Results The results indicated that LPS significantly increased the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4 pathway-related genes and pro-inflammatory factors. Lipid metabolism related genes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA), fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), were down-regulated and the lipolytic enzyme activity was decreased after LPS injection. Proteome analysis revealed 47 distinct proteins with > 2-fold changes. The down-regulation of two proteins (cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit and β-tubulin) has been verified by western blot analysis. In addition, the abundance of two adipokines (adiponectin and zinc-α2-glycoprotein) was significantly increased after LPS injection. Conclusion In conclusion, LPS challenge can cause acute inflammation in white adipose tissue. Concurrently, lipid metabolism was significantly suppressed and the abundance of several proteins changed in white adipose tissue. The results provide new clues to understand the adipose dysfunction during inflammation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-015-0067-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Hailin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Yanping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Elke Albrecht
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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Singer K, Maley N, Mergian T, DelProposto J, Cho KW, Zamarron BF, Martinez-Santibanez G, Geletka L, Muir L, Wachowiak P, Demirjian C, Lumeng CN. Differences in Hematopoietic Stem Cells Contribute to Sexually Dimorphic Inflammatory Responses to High Fat Diet-induced Obesity. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13250-62. [PMID: 25869128 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.634568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Women of reproductive age are protected from metabolic disease relative to postmenopausal women and men. Most preclinical rodent studies are skewed toward the use of male mice to study obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction because of a similar protection observed in female mice. How sex differences in obesity-induced inflammatory responses contribute to these observations is unknown. We have compared and contrasted the effects of high fat diet-induced obesity on glucose metabolism and leukocyte activation in multiple depots in male and female C57Bl/6 mice. With both short term and long term high fat diet, male mice demonstrated increased weight gain and CD11c(+) adipose tissue macrophage content compared with female mice despite similar degrees of adipocyte hypertrophy. Competitive bone marrow transplant studies demonstrated that obesity induced a preferential contribution of male hematopoietic cells to circulating leukocytes and adipose tissue macrophages compared with female cells independent of the sex of the recipient. Sex differences in macrophage and hematopoietic cell in vitro activation in response to obesogenic cues were observed to explain these results. In summary, this report demonstrates that male and female leukocytes and hematopoietic stem cells have cell-autonomous differences in their response to obesity that contribute to an amplified response in males compared with females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nidhi Maley
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease
| | - Taleen Mergian
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease
| | | | - Kae Won Cho
- the Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 330-930, Korea, and
| | - Brian F Zamarron
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, the Graduate Program in Immunology, and
| | - Gabriel Martinez-Santibanez
- the Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Lynn Geletka
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease
| | - Lindsey Muir
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease
| | - Phillip Wachowiak
- the College of Literature, Sciences, and Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103
| | - Chaghig Demirjian
- the College of Literature, Sciences, and Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, the Graduate Program in Immunology, and the Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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