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Kobayashi H, Naito A, Kawagishi K. Transforming Growth Factor α Evokes Aromatase Expression in Gastric Parietal Cells during Rat Postnatal Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2119. [PMID: 38396796 PMCID: PMC10889205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogen, well known as a female hormone, is synthesized primarily by ovarian aromatase. However, extra-glandular tissues also express aromatase and produce estrogen. It is noteworthy that aromatase in gastric parietal cells begins expression around 20 days after birth and continues secreting considerable amounts of estrogen into the portal vein throughout life, supplying it to the liver. Estrogen, which is secreted from the stomach, is speculated to play a monitoring role in blood triglyceride, and its importance is expected to increase. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms of the aromatase expression remain unclear. This study investigated the influence of transforming growth factor α (TGFα) on gastric aromatase expression during postnatal development. The administration of TGFα (50 μg/kg BW) to male Wistar rats in the weaning period resulted in enhanced aromatase expression and increased phosphorylated ERK1+2 in the gastric mucosa. By contrast, administration of AG1478 (5 mg/kg BW), a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor with high selectivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor and acting as an antagonist of TGFα, led to the suppression of aromatase expression. In fact, TGFα expression in the gastric fundic gland isthmus began around 20 days after birth in normal rats as did that of aromatase, which indicates that TGFα might induce the expression of aromatase in the parietal cells concomitantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Science, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Akira Naito
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Sendai 981-8551, Japan
| | - Kyutaro Kawagishi
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Science, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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McHenry JA, Otis JM, Rossi MA, Robinson JE, Kosyk O, Miller NW, McElligott ZA, Budygin EA, Rubinow DR, Stuber GD. Hormonal gain control of a medial preoptic area social reward circuit. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:449-458. [PMID: 28135243 PMCID: PMC5735833 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neural networks that control reproduction must integrate social and hormonal signals, tune motivation, and coordinate social interactions. However, the neural circuit mechanisms for these processes remain unresolved. The medial preoptic area (mPOA), an essential node for social behaviors, comprises molecularly diverse neurons with widespread projections. Here we identify a steroid-responsive subset of neurotensin (Nts)-expressing mPOA neurons that interface with the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to form a socially engaged reward circuit. Using in vivo two-photon imaging in female mice, we show that mPOANts neurons preferentially encode attractive male cues compared to nonsocial appetitive stimuli. Ovarian hormone signals regulate both the physiological and cue-encoding properties of these cells. Furthermore, optogenetic stimulation of mPOANts-VTA circuitry promotes rewarding phenotypes, social approach and striatal dopamine release. Collectively, these data demonstrate that steroid-sensitive mPOA neurons encode ethologically relevant stimuli and co-opt midbrain reward circuits to promote prosocial behaviors critical for species survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna A. McHenry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James M. Otis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mark A. Rossi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - J. Elliott Robinson
- Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Oksana Kosyk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Noah W. Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Zoe A. McElligott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Evgeny A. Budygin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - David R. Rubinow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Garret D. Stuber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Kobayashi H, Yoshida S, Sun YJ, Shirasawa N, Naito A. 17β-Estradiol in the systemic circulation derives mainly from the parietal cells in cholestatic female rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:389-400. [PMID: 26256408 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Estrogenic symptoms of liver disease patients including biliary tract disorder with high frequency is observed in clinical cases. However, the origin of 17β-estradiol which is abundant enough to cause symptoms remains uncertain. In male rats, it has been reported that the parietal cells which have an abundance of aromatase-synthesized 17β-estradiol, and a part of 17β-estradiol secreted into the portal vein, may flow into the systemic circulation under a pathophysiological condition of the liver including bile duct ligation (BDL). The aim of this study is to reveal the origin of 17β-estradiol increment in female rats and to investigate the effect of BDL on the ovary during the estrus cycle. METHODS Wistar female rats were used, and the common bile duct was ligated twice and transected completely at 7 days before termination. Serum portal venous and arterial 17β-estradiol levels, Cyp19a1 expressions, aromatase protein levels, and estrogen receptor (ER) α levels in the liver were measured during the estrus cycle. RESULTS Both arterial and portal venous 17β-estradiol levels increased 2.9 times at proestrus and maintained constant levels during the cycle. The expression of Cyp19a1 and aromatase protein in the stomach maintained constant levels, and significantly decreased during the estrus cycle in the ovary. Hepatic ERα protein and Esr1 expressions decrease by BDL in all stages. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the increment of serum 17β-estradiol levels in obstructive cholestasis induced by BDL is derived from 17β-estradiol secreted from the parietal cells in females as well as males.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Science, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Science, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Y-J Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Science, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - N Shirasawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - A Naito
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Science, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
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Kobayashi H, Yoshida S, Sun YJ, Shirasawa N, Naito A. Changes of gastric aromatase and portal venous 17β-estradiol during the postnatal development and estrus cycle in female rats. Endocrine 2014; 46:605-14. [PMID: 24287798 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gastric parietal cells synthesize and secrete a large amount of 17β-estradiol into the portal vein. However, there are few studies on the gastric 17β-estradiol during the postnatal development and estrus cycle. The purpose of this study is to clarify the onset and the prepubertal change of gastric 17β-estradiol synthesis; and the effect of gastric 17β-estradiol on the estrus cycle. Wistar female rats aged from 15 to 40 days and 10 weeks were used in the study. The expression of aromatase and estrogen receptor (ER) α mRNAs and proteins was analyzed in the stomach, ovary, and liver by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting methods; and 17β-estradiol levels in the artery and portal vein were assayed by the ELISA method. During postnatal development, aromatase protein and aromatase cells in gastric mucosa and portal venous 17β-estradiol levels started increasing after 20 days, and then these subjects reached nearly the same levels as mature female rats at 40 days. In the estrus cycle, the arterial 17β-estradiol level in proestrus was the highest, and the value was 60 % of the portal venous level. Gastric aromatase protein and portal venous 17β-estradiol levels did not change during the estrus cycle. Ovarian ERα levels fluctuated in the same pattern of arterial 17β-estradiol; however, hepatic ERα levels went unchanged. These results showed that gastric aromatase in females expresses earlier than the sexual maturation, and the gastric aromatase protein reaches the same levels as mature rats at 40 days. Furthermore, 17β-estradiol synthesis and secretion in the stomach is not related to those in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Science, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan,
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Ågmo A. Animal models of female sexual dysfunction: Basic considerations on drugs, arousal, motivation and behavior. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 121:3-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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6
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Spiteri T, Ogawa S, Musatov S, Pfaff DW, Ågmo A. The role of the estrogen receptor α in the medial preoptic area in sexual incentive motivation, proceptivity and receptivity, anxiety, and wheel running in female rats. Behav Brain Res 2012; 230:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Loretta LK. Differential Feedback Regulation by 17β-Estradiol of LH Production and LHRH-Responsiveness in Adenohypophyseal Cell Cultures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/07435807709052942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Ambadkar PM, Raval AP. Influence of oestrous cyclicity on certain metabolic alterations in the submandibular glands of female rats. Arch Oral Biol 1996; 41:229-31. [PMID: 8712980 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(96)00011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This report concerns changes brought about in the submandibular salivary gland during different stages of the oestrous cycle in the concentrations of total lipids, cholesterol and protein, together with an assessment of the activities of cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase, ATPase, succinate dehydrogenase and an estimation of plasma glucose concentrations. As it is known that the ovarian steroids influence metabolic processes, it was thought desirable to study such metabolic alterations. During the transition from a dioestrous to oestrous stage, lipid accumulation occurred. However, during the metoestrous stage, catabolic tendencies predominated although there was some protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Ambadkar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, M.S. University of Baroda, India
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9
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The Role of Metabolism in Hormonal Control of Sexual Behavior. Reproduction 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4832-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Wilkinson CW, Carlisle HJ, Reynolds RW. Estrogenic effects on behavioral thermoregulation and body temperature of rats. Physiol Behav 1980; 24:337-40. [PMID: 7375550 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(80)90096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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11
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Hamamura M, Yagi K. Amygdala neurones: converging synaptic inputs produced by median eminence and medial preoptic area stimulations in rats. J Physiol 1980; 300:515-23. [PMID: 7381795 PMCID: PMC1279369 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1980.sp013176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Amygdaloid afferent inputs from the median eminence and the medial preoptic area were studied electrophysiologically in urethane-anaesthetized female rats.2. Stimulation of the surface of the median eminence produced orthodromic responses in about 80% of the forty-seven amygdala units tested and about 65% of the responsive cells showed an excitation.3. Stimulation of the ipsilateral medial preoptic area orthodromically excited seventeen and inhibited twenty of the forty-nine units tested.4. Stimulation of the contralateral medial preoptic area evoked orthodromic excitation in nine and inhibition in three of the twenty-two units tested. These stimuli were ineffective for producing antidromically conducted impulses in the tested units.5. Sixteen of the thirty amygdala units tested for responses to both median eminence and ipsilateral medial preoptic area stimulation responded orthodromically with either excitation or inhibition. The latency of the response to median eminence stimulation was approximately equal to that of the response to ipsilateral preoptic area stimulation in four of these sixteen units.6. A characteristic bursting discharge was observed in eleven amygdala units during and after ipsilateral preoptic area stimulation. A transitory inhibition was evoked simultaneously with the bursting discharge in some units. Seven of the eleven units were also tested for median eminence stimulation, and a transitory excitation was observed in each of these units.7. These results suggest the existence of converging synaptic inputs both from tuberoinfundibular neurones and the ipsilateral medial preoptic area to certain amygdala neurones. They also demonstrate the existence of a specific neural pathway mediating a characteristic self-sustained bursting discharge in some amygdala neurones after such stimulation.
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12
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Campbell CS, Schwartz NB. Steroid feedback regulation of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone secretion rates in male and female rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 1977; 3:61-95. [PMID: 336902 DOI: 10.1080/15287397709529550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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14
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Tissue sources of sex steroids in rat ovaries in the preovulatory period. Bull Exp Biol Med 1977. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00799436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Mizobe F, Kurokawa M. Enhancement of hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities induced by oestradiol in rat pineals in culture. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 66:193-9. [PMID: 954746 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
1. Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities were determined in the pineal gland removed from the ovariectomised rat and cultured under various experimental conditions. 2. The transferase activity declined very slowly during 24 h of incubation. 17beta-Oestradiol significantly increased the transferase activity within 2h after the addition, and the extent of increase was dose-dependent within the concentration range from 0.1 to 15 nM, being increased by 80% at 15 nM. Enhancement of the transferase activity by oestradiol was abolished not only by inhibitors of protein synthesis (cycloheximide and puromycin), but also by those of RNA synthesis (actinomycin D and alpha-amanitin). It was also blocked by clomiphene citrate, an agent which is known to inhibit the binding of steroid hormones to their respective receptors. 3. RNA polymerase activity (forms A and B) declined rapidly during the initial period of pineal culture. Oestradiol (15 nM) increased the RNA polymerase B activity by 50% within 2 h after the addition. The increase was dose-dependent within the concentration range from 0.1 to 15 nM, and was abolished by clomiphene citrate. 4. The possibility is suggested that the pineal is a target organ of oestradiol, and that the steroid-induced reaction sequence in the pineal conforms to that is known in other target organs.
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Wade GN. Sex Hormones, Regulatory Behaviors, and Body Weight. ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3454(08)60085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Hawkins RA, Freedman B, Marshall A, Killen E. Oestradiol-17 beta and prolactin levels in rat peripheral plasma. Br J Cancer 1975; 32:179-85. [PMID: 1240004 PMCID: PMC2024842 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1975.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioimmunoassay methods for the determination of oestradiol-17 beta and prolactin have been examined for their reliability and applied to the measurement of hormone concentrations in the plasmas from male and female rats. Prolactin was detectable in all samples (greater than 7 ng RP-1 ng/ml) but the concentration of oestradiol-17 beta was below the sensitivity of the method (greater than 0-10 ng/100 ml) in ovariectomized females. Plasma oestradiol-17 beta concentration rose gradually from metoestrus to proestrus and fell to barely detectable levels in oestrus. Plasma prolactin concentration was very variable even for rats in the same stage of the oestrous cycle but values were minimal in the afternoon of diestrus and a surge in secretion occurred in the afternoon of proestrus. In addition to the stage of the oestrous cycle, the prolactin concentration was influenced by mode of blood collection, degree of haemolysis and choice of serum or plasma. There was no correlation between the concentration of prolactin and that of oestradiol-17 beta in the same sample of plasma.
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Halbert SA, Conrad JT. In vitro contractile activity of the mesotubarium superius from the rabbit oviduct in various endocrine states. Fertil Steril 1975; 26:248-56. [PMID: 1167834 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)40994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of estrogen on the contractile activity of smooth muscle in the nonpregnant female reproductive tract, using as a model isolated strips of mesotubarium superius (MTS) removed from the rabbit oviduct. We studied four physiologic states in which muscular activity was influenced to varying degrees by endogenous estrogen. Normal estrous (estrogen dominated) rabbits were used as controls. We observed decreased activity in MTS from rabbits chronically deprived of estrogen (60) days postovariectomy). However, a dramatic increase in activity occurred in response to acute withdrawal of ovarian function (12 hours postovariectomy). An increase in activity also occurred at the time of ovulation. We concluded that acute withdrawal of endogenous estrogen is a potent stimulus to reproductive smooth muscle in the female rabbit and that it might contribute to increased muscular activity at ovulation.
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Baudouin-Legros M, Meyer P, Worcel M. Effects of prostaglandin inhibitors on angiotensin, oxytocin and prostaglandin F2 alpha contractile effects on the rat uterus during the oestrous cycle. Br J Pharmacol 1974; 52:393-9. [PMID: 4376438 PMCID: PMC1777021 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1974.tb08608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
1 In the rat isolated uterus maximal spontaneous contractions and maximal sensitivity to angiotensin II, oxytocin and prostaglandin F(2alpha) were observed in di- and proestrus. Minimal sensitivity to the three agonists was observed in metoestrus. Maximal contractile effects of angiotensin II, oxytocin and prostaglandin F(2alpha) were thus observed when the ratio oestrogen/progesterone levels was high.2 The oestrogen-dependent sensitivity of the rat uterus is partially mediated by endogenous prostaglandins. Indomethacin suppressed the increased sensitivity to angiotensin and oxytocin present in dioestrus and proestrus but did not affect that to prostaglandin F(2alpha). Polyphloretin phosphate at a concentration of 10 mug/ml resulted in complete identity of dioestrus and metoestrus dose-response curves to angiotensin and oxytocin.3 Spontaneous uterine contractions observed when oestrogen levels are high are also dependent on intramural prostaglandins as they were inhibited by indomethacin and polyphloretin phosphate. In the metoestrus uterus, prostaglandin F(2alpha) induced the reappearance of spontaneous contractions.4 Prostaglandin F(2alpha) had a potentiating effect on angiotensin-elicited contractions which persisted after washing out prostaglandin F(2alpha).
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Callingham BA, Lyles GA. Proceedings: An effect of thyroid hormones upon monoamine oxidase activity. Br J Pharmacol 1974; 51:113P-114P. [PMID: 4441764 PMCID: PMC1776831 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1974.tb09641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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21
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Hahn DW, Allen G, McGuire JL, DaVanzo JP+DAVANZO JP. A relationship between estrogenicity and antifertility activity of 1-diphenylmethylenyl-2-methyl-3-ethyl-4-acetoxycyclohexane (ORF 8511) and similar nonsteroidal anti-implantive agents. Contraception 1974; 9:393-401. [PMID: 4442282 DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(74)90082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Clark JH, Anderson JN, Peck EJ. Nuclear receptor-estrogen complexes of rat uteri: concentration-time-response parameters. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1973; 36:15-59. [PMID: 4368965 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3237-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Babichev VN. Interaction between regions of the hypothalamus regulating hypophyseal gonadotropic function in female rats. NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY 1972; 5:195-9. [PMID: 4570702 DOI: 10.1007/bf01184797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Clark JH, Anderson J, Peck EJ. Receptor-estrogen complex in the nuclear fraction of rat uterine cells during the estrous cycle. Science 1972; 176:528-30. [PMID: 5064144 DOI: 10.1126/science.176.4034.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative method was used to determine the concentration of receptor-estrogen complex in the nuclear fraction of rat uterine cells throughout the estrous cycle. The concentrations of nuclear receptor-estrogen complex were: metestrus, 0.22; diestrus, 0.75; proestrus, 1.29; and estrus, 0.31 picomoles per milligram of DNA. This cyclic fluctuation in the nuclear complex closely parallels the secretion of ovarian estrogen during the estrous cycle, an indication that the accumulation of receptor-estrogen complex by the nuclear fraction of uterine cells may be of physiological significance, and under the control of endogenous estrogen.
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Luttge WG. The estrous cycle of the rat: effects on the accumulation of estrogenic metabolites in brain and peripheral tissues. Brain Res 1972; 38:315-25. [PMID: 5063741 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(72)90715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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27
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28
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Whalen RE, Luttge WG. Differential localization of progesterone uptake in brain. Role of sex, estrogen pretreatment and adrenalectomy. Brain Res 1971; 33:147-55. [PMID: 5165735 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(71)90313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Boling JL, Blandau RJ. The Role of Estrogens in Egg Transport Through the Ampullae of Oviducts of Castrate Rabbits**This investigation was supported by the United States Public Health Service Grants HD 03475, HD 03013, and Contract NIH 70-2141. Fertil Steril 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)38461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Janowsky DS, Fann WE, Davis JM. Monoamines and ovarian hormone-linked sexual and emotional changes: A review. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 1971; 1:205-218. [PMID: 24179066 DOI: 10.1007/bf01541683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Emotional upsets related to changes in ovarian hormones are highly prevalent and are responsible for psychiatric morbidity and mortality. Significant increases in acute psychiatric hospitalizations, suicidal activity, and other psychopathology occur during the premenstruum and during menstruation. This paper reviews evidence indicating that menstrual cycle psychopathology may be mediated by the effects of estrogen, progesterone, and possibly the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on the brain monoamines, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. During the menstrual cycle, psychopathology often begins with the onset of luteal estrogen-progesterone-angiotensin-aldosterone secretion and intensifies as these hormone levels later fall, prior to and during menstruation. Aldosterone is reported elevated in cases of premenstrual tension syndrome. There are numerous reports of affective upsets occurring with the use of estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives and following their withdrawal. Contraceptives stimulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and are reported useful in alleviating premenstrual-menstrual emotional upsets and postpartum depressive episodes. Affective lability, prevalent at parturition, occurs when estrogen, progesterone, and aldosterone levels are first high and later falling. Exogenous estrogen and progesterone profoundly affect mating activity in castrated rhesus monkeys, and cyclic fluctuations in sexual activity in humans may occur during the menstrual cycle. Much information links manic and depressive reactions with alterations in brain monoamines. Lithium, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and tricylic antidepressants, specifically used to treat affective disorders, are reported useful in treating ovarian hormone-linked upsets. Similarities exist between changes in animal behavior caused by drugs altering affective states and the effects of ovarian hormones. Like certain antidepressants, estrogen induces hyperactivity in rats. Like reserpine, progesterone exhibits sedative and soporific effects. Sexual behavior in female rats is reported linked to changes in brain monoamines. Agents increasing brain monoamine levels and availability decrease mating responses, and monoamine depletors, such as reserpine may be substituted for progesterone in activating mating behavior. Serotonin and dopamine appear to be important in the regulation of ovulation. Brain norepinephrine varies with the phases of the rat estrus cycle. Castration increases brain norepinephrine and decreases brain dopamine. Exogenous estrogen decreases rat brain norepinephrine content. The monoamine-destroying enzymes, monoamine oxidase, and catechol O-methyl transferase are affected by ovarian steroids and show fluctuating levels during the reproductive cycle. The effects of reserpine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and lithium on monoamines in neurophysiological preparations have been used as evidence supporting theories linking monoamine changes with human affective disorders. Estrogen, progesterone, and angiotensin also exhibit effects on in vitromonoamine systems. Like the tricyclic antidepressants, uptake of norepinephrine and dopamine by nerve endings is inhibited in the presence of estrogen, progesterone, and angiotensin. As with reserpine, the flow of these monoamines from nerve endings is increased by progesterone. Estrogen slows the flow of norepinephrine from nerve endings and decreases the electrically induced release of serotonin and norepinephrine from brain slices. The above information provides clues that ovarian hormone-linked psychopathology, like affective disorders in general, may be related to alterations in brain monoamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Janowsky
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Feherty P, Robertson DM, Waynforth HB, Kellie AE. Changes in the concentration of high-affinity oestradiol receptor in rat uterine supernatant preparations during the oestrous ycle, pseudopregnancy, pregnancy, maturation and after ovariectomy. Biochem J 1970; 120:837-44. [PMID: 5495155 PMCID: PMC1179678 DOI: 10.1042/bj1200837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative method was used to determine the concentration of high-affinity oestradiol-receptor sites in rat uterine supernatant preparations under various physiological conditions. Cyclic changes in concentration were observed during the oestrous cycle, with a maximum occurring in late dioestrus. The changes followed a similar pattern in endometrium and myometrium, although concentrations were higher in the former. In pseudopregnancy the concentration was initially low, rising to a maximum on the tenth day. In early pregnancy a high concentration of receptor was found to be associated with the developing placenta, but this declined in later stages of pregnancy. After ovariectomy or combined ovariectomy and adrenalectomy the receptor concentration remained at a constant low value that could be increased by treatment with oestradiol. The receptor concentration was considerably higher in immature than in adult uteri.
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Young S, Cowan DM, Davidson C. The production of mammary carcinomas in rats by 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene and its relationship to the oestrous cycle. Br J Cancer 1970; 24:328-32. [PMID: 5465532 PMCID: PMC2008581 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1970.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sprague-Dawley rats aged 50 days were given single oral doses of the carcinogen, DMBA.Rats receiving the carcinogen at the same stage of the oestrous cycle were grouped together and mammary tumour production was compared between these groups.When the carcinogen was given during di-oestrus the mean number of tumours per animal was significantly greater than when it was given at other stages in the oestrous cycle. There was considerable variation in total tumour yield from one batch of animals to another.
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