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Epstein S, Jun D, Deng JC, Zeidler M. Effects of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Airway Immunity and Susceptibility to Respiratory Infections. Sleep Med Clin 2024; 19:219-228. [PMID: 38692747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete upper airway collapse during sleep, leading to disrupted breathing patterns and intermittent hypoxia. OSA results in systemic inflammation but also directly affects the upper and lower airways leading to upregulation of inflammatory pathways and alterations of the local microbiome. These changes result in increased susceptibility to respiratory infections such as influenza, COVID-19, and bacterial pneumonia. This relationship is more complex and bidirectional in individuals with chronic lung disease such as chronic obstructive lung disease, interstitial lung disease and bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Epstein
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard 111Q, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Dale Jun
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard 111Q, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Jane C Deng
- Pulmonary Medicine, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, 2215 Fuller Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michelle Zeidler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard 111Q, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
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2
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Javed U, Podury S, Kwon S, Liu M, Kim D, Fallah Zadeh A, Li Y, Khan A, Francois F, Schwartz T, Zeig-Owens R, Grunig G, Veerappan A, Zhou J, Crowley G, Prezant D, Nolan A. Biomarkers of Airway Disease, Barrett's and Underdiagnosed Reflux Noninvasively (BAD-BURN): a Case-Control Observational Study Protocol. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4355584. [PMID: 38798396 PMCID: PMC11118699 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4355584/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter exposure (PM) is a cause of aerodigestive disease globally. The destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) exposed fifirst responders and inhabitants of New York City to WTC-PM and caused obstructive airways disease (OAD), gastroesophageal Refux disease (GERD) and Barrett's Esophagus (BE). GERD not only diminishes health-related quality of life but also gives rise to complications that extend beyond the scope of BE. GERD can incite or exacerbate allergies, sinusitis, bronchitis, and asthma. Disease features of the aerodigestive axis can overlap, often necessitating more invasive diagnostic testing and treatment modalities. This presents a need to develop novel non-invasive biomarkers of GERD, BE, airway hyperreactivity (AHR), treatment efficacy, and severity of symptoms. METHODS Our observational case-cohort study will leverage the longitudinally phenotyped Fire Department of New York (FDNY)-WTC exposed cohort to identify Biomarkers of Airway Disease, Barrett's and Underdiagnosed Refux Noninvasively (BAD-BURN). Our study population consists of n = 4,192 individuals from which we have randomly selected a sub-cohort control group (n = 837). We will then recruit subgroups of i. AHR only ii. GERD only iii. BE iv. GERD/BE and AHR overlap or v. No GERD or AHR, from the sub-cohort control group. We will then phenotype and examine non-invasive biomarkers of these subgroups to identify under-diagnosis and/or treatment efficacy. The findings may further contribute to the development of future biologically plausible therapies, ultimately enhance patient care and quality of life. DISCUSSION Although many studies have suggested interdependence between airway and digestive diseases, the causative factors and specific mechanisms remain unclear. The detection of the disease is further complicated by the invasiveness of conventional GERD diagnosis procedures and the limited availability of disease-specific biomarkers. The management of Refux is important, as it directly increases risk of cancer and negatively impacts quality of life. Therefore, it is vital to develop novel noninvasive disease markers that can effectively phenotype, facilitate early diagnosis of premalignant disease and identify potential therapeutic targets to improve patient care. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05216133; January 18, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urooj Javed
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSoM)
| | - Sanjiti Podury
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSoM)
| | - Sophia Kwon
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSoM)
| | - Mengling Liu
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSoM)
| | - Daniel Kim
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSoM)
| | | | - Yiwei Li
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSoM)
| | - Abraham Khan
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSoM)
| | - Fritz Francois
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSoM)
| | | | | | | | - Arul Veerappan
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSoM)
| | - Joanna Zhou
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSoM)
| | - George Crowley
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSoM)
| | - David Prezant
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSoM)
| | - Anna Nolan
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSoM)
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3
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Huang HL, Lin CH, Lee MR, Huang WC, Sheu CC, Cheng MH, Lu PL, Huang CH, Yeh YT, Yang JM, Chong IW, Liao YC, Wang JY. Sputum bacterial microbiota signature as a surrogate for predicting disease progression of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. Int J Infect Dis 2024:107085. [PMID: 38740280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Predicting progression of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) remains challenging. This study evaluated whether sputum bacterial microbiome diversity can be the biomarker and provide novel insights into related phenotypes and treatment timing. METHODS We analyzed 126 sputum microbiomes of 126 patients with newly diagnosed NTM-LD due to Mycobacterium avium complex, M. abscessus complex, and M. kansasii between May 2020 and December 2021. Patients were followed for 2 years to determine their disease progression status. We identified consistently representative genera that differentiated the progressor and nonprogressor by using six methodologies. These genera were used to construct a prediction model using random forest with 5-fold cross validation. RESULTS Disease progression occurred in 49 (38.6%) patients. Compared with nonprogressors, α-diversity was lower in the progressors. Significant compositional differences existed in the β-diversity between groups (p=0.001). The prediction model for NTM-LD progression constructed using seven genera (Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Candidatus Saccharibacteria, Phocaeicola, Pelomonas, and Phascolarctobacterium) with significantly differential abundance achieved an area under curve of 0.871. CONCLUSIONS Identification of the composition of sputum bacterial microbiome facilitates prediction of the course of NTM-LD, and maybe used to develop precision treatment involving modulating the respiratory microbiome composition to ameliorate NTM-LD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ling Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hua Lin
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan; Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Rui Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chang Huang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Mycobacterial Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Chyun Sheu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsuan Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsieh Huang
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Moon Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Inn-Wen Chong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Liao
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jann-Yuan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ziaka M, Exadaktylos A. Pathophysiology of acute lung injury in patients with acute brain injury: the triple-hit hypothesis. Crit Care 2024; 28:71. [PMID: 38454447 PMCID: PMC10918982 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been convincingly demonstrated in recent years that isolated acute brain injury (ABI) may cause severe dysfunction of peripheral extracranial organs and systems. Of all potential target organs and systems, the lung appears to be the most vulnerable to damage after ABI. The pathophysiology of the bidirectional brain-lung interactions is multifactorial and involves inflammatory cascades, immune suppression, and dysfunction of the autonomic system. Indeed, the systemic effects of inflammatory mediators in patients with ABI create a systemic inflammatory environment ("first hit") that makes extracranial organs vulnerable to secondary procedures that enhance inflammation, such as mechanical ventilation (MV), surgery, and infections ("second hit"). Moreover, accumulating evidence supports the knowledge that gut microbiota constitutes a critical superorganism and an organ on its own, potentially modifying various physiological functions of the host. Furthermore, experimental and clinical data suggest the existence of a communication network among the brain, gastrointestinal tract, and its microbiome, which appears to regulate immune responses, gastrointestinal function, brain function, behavior, and stress responses, also named the "gut-microbiome-brain axis." Additionally, recent research evidence has highlighted a crucial interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the lungs, referred to as the "gut-lung axis," in which alterations during critical illness could result in bacterial translocation, sustained inflammation, lung injury, and pulmonary fibrosis. In the present work, we aimed to further elucidate the pathophysiology of acute lung injury (ALI) in patients with ABI by attempting to develop the "double-hit" theory, proposing the "triple-hit" hypothesis, focused on the influence of the gut-lung axis on the lung. Particularly, we propose, in addition to sympathetic hyperactivity, blast theory, and double-hit theory, that dysbiosis and intestinal dysfunction in the context of ABI alter the gut-lung axis, resulting in the development or further aggravation of existing ALI, which constitutes the "third hit."
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi Ziaka
- Clinic for Geriatric Medicine, Center for Geriatric Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, Switzerland.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Aristomenis Exadaktylos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Leduc L, Costa M, Leclère M. The Microbiota and Equine Asthma: An Integrative View of the Gut-Lung Axis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:253. [PMID: 38254421 PMCID: PMC10812655 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Both microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions can have effects beyond the local environment and influence immunological responses in remote organs such as the lungs. The crosstalk between the gut and the lungs, which is supported by complex connections and intricate pathways, is defined as the gut-lung axis. This review aimed to report on the potential role of the gut-lung gut-lung axis in the development and persistence of equine asthma. We summarized significant determinants in the development of asthma in horses and humans. The article discusses the gut-lung axis and proposes an integrative view of the relationship between gut microbiota and asthma. It also explores therapies for modulating the gut microbiota in horses with asthma. Improving our understanding of the horse gut-lung axis could lead to the development of techniques such as fecal microbiota transplants, probiotics, or prebiotics to manipulate the gut microbiota specifically for improving the management of asthma in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Leduc
- Clinical Sciences Department, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Marcio Costa
- Veterinary Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Mathilde Leclère
- Clinical Sciences Department, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
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Quispe-Medina K, Pacheco-Aranibar J, Mamani-Ruelas A, Gamez-Bernabé C, Zapana-Begazo R, Paz-Aliaga I, Villanueva Salas J, Bernabé-Ortiz JC. Characterization of Pulmonary Bacteriobiota in Critically Ill Patients in Southern Peru through Next-Generation Sequencing Technology. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:10041-10055. [PMID: 38132473 PMCID: PMC10742510 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequence variation in the 16S gene is widely used to characterize diverse microbial communities. This was the first pilot study carried out in our region where the pulmonary microbiota of critically ill patients was investigated and analyzed, with the aim of finding a specific profile for these patients that can be used as a diagnostic marker. An study of critical patients mechanically ventilated for non-respiratory indications, in a polyvalent intensive care unit, was carried out; samplee were extracted by endotracheal aspiration and subsequently the microbiota was characterized through Next-Generation Sequencing Technology (NGS). The predominant phyla among the critically ill patients were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidata. In the surviving patients group, the predominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidata and Firmicutes, in the group of deceased patients thy were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidata. We found a decrease in commensal bacteria in deceased patients and a progressive increase in in-hospital germs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Quispe-Medina
- Post-Graduate School, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru; (K.Q.-M.); (R.Z.-B.); (J.V.S.)
| | - Jani Pacheco-Aranibar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biotecnología del ADN Uchumayo, Arequipa 04400, Peru;
| | - Angel Mamani-Ruelas
- Emergency and Critical Care Department, Hospital Nacional Carlos Alberto Seguín Escobedo—EsSalud, Calle Peral s/n, Arequipa 04001, Peru;
| | - Carlos Gamez-Bernabé
- Human Medicine School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Miraflores s/n, Tacna 23001, Peru;
| | - Rosemary Zapana-Begazo
- Post-Graduate School, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru; (K.Q.-M.); (R.Z.-B.); (J.V.S.)
| | - Ivan Paz-Aliaga
- Department of Pharmacy, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru;
| | - Jose Villanueva Salas
- Post-Graduate School, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru; (K.Q.-M.); (R.Z.-B.); (J.V.S.)
| | - Julio C. Bernabé-Ortiz
- Post-Graduate School, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru; (K.Q.-M.); (R.Z.-B.); (J.V.S.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biotecnología del ADN Uchumayo, Arequipa 04400, Peru;
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Yao J, Ai T, Zhang L, Tang W, Chen Z, Huang Y, Fan Y. Bacterial Colonization in the Airways and Intestines of Twin and Singleton Preterm Neonates: A Single-Center Study. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2023; 2023:2973605. [PMID: 37560084 PMCID: PMC10409585 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2973605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Limited studies have investigated the microbial colonization of the airways and intestines in preterm neonates. We studied the composition of intestinal and airway bacterial colonies in several preterm twin pairs and singletons to explore the dominant bacteria, assess their variability, and predict their phenotypic and metabolic functions. In this descriptive study, we collected sputum and fetal stool specimens from 10 twin pairs (20 cases) and 20 singleton preterm neonates. These specimens were analyzed using 16S rRNA deep sequencing to study the alpha and beta diversities and community structures of airway and intestinal bacteria and predict their metabolic functions. Specimens from twins and singleton neonates had distinct aggregations of intestinal and airway bacteria but showed similarities and high microbial diversities during initial colonization. The top five phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Cyanobacteria. The top ten genera were Streptococcus, Acinetobacter, Ralstonia, Staphylococcus, Comamonas, Enterococcus, Stenotrophomonas, Dechlorosoma, Sphingopyxis, and Rothia. Potentially pathogenic and highly stress-tolerant Gram-negative bacteria were predominant in the intestinal flora. A considerable proportion of colonies recovered from the airway and intestines of preterm neonates were functional bacteria. The richness of the intestinal and airway flora was not significantly different between twins and singletons, and the flora clustered together. Both intestinal and airway bacteria of twins and singletons were similar. The species involved in initial colonization were similar but different in proportions; therefore, changes in microbial structure and richness may not be attributed to these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yao
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Ai
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zijin Chen
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuedong Huang
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yinghong Fan
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Shigdel R, Johannessen A, Lin H, Peddada S, Gómez Real F, Ringel-Kulka T, Svanes C, Bertelsen RJ. Oral bacterial composition associated with lung function and lung inflammation in a community-based Norwegian population. Respir Res 2023; 24:183. [PMID: 37438766 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral cavity is the gateway to the bacteria community in the lung. Disruption of the symbiotic balance of the oral microbiota has been associated with respiratory diseases. However, little is known about the relationship between oral bacteria and respiratory outcomes in the general population. We aimed to describe the associations between oral bacteria, lung function, and lung inflammation in a community-based population. METHODS Oral (gingival) samples were collected concurrently with spirometry tests in 477 adults (47% males, median age 28 years) from the RHINESSA study in Bergen, Norway. Bacterial DNA from the 16S rRNA gene from gingival fluid were sequenced by Illumina®MiSeq. Lung function was measured using spirometry and measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were performed to examine airway inflammation. Differential abundance analysis was performed using ANCOM-BC, adjusting for weight, education, and smoking. RESULTS The abundance of the genera Clostridiales, Achromobacter, Moraxella, Flavitalea and Helicobacter were significantly different among those with low FEV1 (< lower limit of normal (LLN)) as compared to normal FEV1 i.e. ≥ LLN. Twenty-three genera differed in abundance between among those with low FVC < LLN as compared to normal FEV1 ≥ LLN. The abundance of 27 genera from phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Sacchribacteria differed significantly between elevated FeNO levels (≥ 50 ppb) compared to FeNO ≤ 25 ppb. CONCLUSION Oral bacterial composition was significantly different for those with low FEV or FVC as compared to those with normal lung function equal to or higher than LLN. Differential bacterial composition was also observed for elevated FeNO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Shigdel
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Huang Lin
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shyamal Peddada
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Francisco Gómez Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tamar Ringel-Kulka
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Maternal and Child Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Randi Jacobsen Bertelsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway, Bergen, Norway
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Scannapieco FA. Poor Oral Health in the Etiology and Prevention of Aspiration Pneumonia. Clin Geriatr Med 2023; 39:257-271. [PMID: 37045532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Aspiration pneumonia (AP), inflammation of the lung parenchyma initiated by aspirated microorganisms into the lower airways from proximal sites, including the oral cavity, is prevalent in, and problematic for, the elderly, especially those in institutions, and for those with several important risk factors. Many factors influence the pathogenesis of AP, including dysphagia, poor oral hygiene, diminished host defense, and underlying medical conditions. This article reviews the epidemiology, microbiology, pathogenesis, and prevention of AP, focusing on the role of poor oral health as a risk factor for, and on dental care for the prevention and management of, this important infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Scannapieco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Foster Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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10
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Kopcova L, Matloobi A, Biringerova Z, Brozmanova M, Plevkova J, Buday T. Cough response in specific pathogen-free guinea pig animal model. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023; 313:104067. [PMID: 37088233 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory animal science associations recommend the usage of specific pathogen-free (SPF) animals in experiments to achieve appropriate results. However, their non-natural microbiome might represent an obstacle in the successful translation of obtained results into clinical practice, since the microbiome contributes to the regulation of the host's physiology. Inconsistent results, even in repeated experiments in separate animal groups, irrespective of the season or sex led us to assess the cough response of SPF animal variables and compare it to wild-type animals. The dose-response curves in citric acid and capsaicin cough challenge construction shows significantly increased cough threshold in SPF animals compared to wild-type animals of both sexes. The cause of cough response alteration in SPF animals is not presently known and thus their usage in basic cough research remains questionable. The relationship between airway reflexes and the airway microbiome has never been studied hence we propose that it might be microbiome-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Kopcova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava
| | - Alireza Matloobi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava
| | - Zuzana Biringerova
- Medical Education Support Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava
| | - Mariana Brozmanova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava
| | - Jana Plevkova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava; Medical Education Support Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava
| | - Tomas Buday
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava.
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Characterization of the Lower Airways and Oral Microbiota in Healthy Young Persons in the Community. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030841. [PMID: 36979819 PMCID: PMC10045431 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower airway dysbiosis contributes to disease pathogenesis in respiratory diseases. However, little is known regarding the microbiota of lower airways or the oral cavity of healthy young persons. To address this gap, 25 healthy persons (24.3 ± 3.3 years; 52% females; no current smokers) underwent bronchoscopy during which bronchial brushing (BB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were collected. Prior to the procedure, an oral wash (OW) sample was also obtained. Microbiome analyses (16S rRNA locus) were performed (alpha- and beta-diversity, taxa annotations, and predicted functional metagenomic profiles) according to the airway compartment (BB, BAL, and OW). The greatest microbial richness was observed in OW and the lowest in BB (p < 0.001). Microbial communities differed significantly across compartments (p < 0.001), especially between BB and OW. Taxa analyses showed a significantly higher abundance of Firmicutes (BB: 32.7%; BAL: 31.4%) compared to OW (20.9%) (p < 0.001). Conversely, Proteobacteria predominated in OW (27.9%) as opposed to BB (7.0%) and BAL (12.5%) (p < 0.001), mostly due to a greater abundance of the bacteria in the Haemophilus genus in the OW (p < 0.001). The lower airway microbiota (BB and BAL) is significantly different from the OW microbiota in healthy young persons with respect to microbial diversity, taxa profiles, and predicted function.
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12
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Alsayed AR, Abed A, Jarrar YB, Alshammari F, Alshammari B, Basheti IA, Zihlif M. Alteration of the Respiratory Microbiome in Hospitalized Patients with Asthma-COPD Overlap during and after an Exacerbation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062118. [PMID: 36983122 PMCID: PMC10051973 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The immediate aim of this study was to comparatively examine the bacterial respiratory microbiome of patients in a stable state and during an exacerbation of asthma-COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) overlap (ACO). This prospective observational study took place in Jordan between 1 September 2021 and 30 April 2022. Sputum samples from patients with recognized ACO were acquired within 48 h of the exacerbation onset and again at 3 weeks following the exacerbation. The next-generation sequencing Illumina MiSeq was employed and uncovered significantly high bacterial diversity in the sputa. The results showed a significant decrease in the taxonomic richness in the sputum samples collected during the exacerbation episodes compared with those collected from patients in a stable state (p = 0.008), with an increase in the taxonomic evenness (p < 0.005). This change in the composition of the airway bacterial community suggests that the replacement of a significant portion of the airway microbiome with certain microorganisms may play a role in the decrease in microbial diversity observed during an ACO exacerbation. Greater knowledge of this link could allow for a more focused administration of antibiotics, especially during exacerbations, improving clinical efficacy and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Alsayed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan
| | - Anas Abed
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan
| | - Yazun Bashir Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Farhan Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bushra Alshammari
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman A Basheti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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13
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Alsayed AR, Abed A, Khader HA, Al-Shdifat LMH, Hasoun L, Al-Rshaidat MMD, Alkhatib M, Zihlif M. Molecular Accounting and Profiling of Human Respiratory Microbial Communities: Toward Precision Medicine by Targeting the Respiratory Microbiome for Disease Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4086. [PMID: 36835503 PMCID: PMC9966333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The wide diversity of microbiota at the genera and species levels across sites and individuals is related to various causes and the observed differences between individuals. Efforts are underway to further understand and characterize the human-associated microbiota and its microbiome. Using 16S rDNA as a genetic marker for bacterial identification improved the detection and profiling of qualitative and quantitative changes within a bacterial population. In this light, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the basic concepts and clinical applications of the respiratory microbiome, alongside an in-depth explanation of the molecular targets and the potential relationship between the respiratory microbiome and respiratory disease pathogenesis. The paucity of robust evidence supporting the correlation between the respiratory microbiome and disease pathogenesis is currently the main challenge for not considering the microbiome as a novel druggable target for therapeutic intervention. Therefore, further studies are needed, especially prospective studies, to identify other drivers of microbiome diversity and to better understand the changes in the lung microbiome along with the potential association with disease and medications. Thus, finding a therapeutic target and unfolding its clinical significance would be crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R. Alsayed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Anas Abed
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Heba A. Khader
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Laith M. H. Al-Shdifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Luai Hasoun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Mamoon M. D. Al-Rshaidat
- Laboratory for Molecular and Microbial Ecology (LaMME), Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alkhatib
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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14
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Farooqi MS, Podury S, Crowley G, Javed U, Li Y, Liu M, Kwon S, Grunig G, Khan AR, Francois F, Nolan A. Noninvasive, MultiOmic, and Multicompartmental Biomarkers of Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2023; 2:608-620. [PMID: 38009162 PMCID: PMC10673619 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder that may complicate conditions such as obstructive airway disease. Our group has identified predictive biomarkers of GERD in particulate exposed first responders with obstructive airway disease. In addition, GERD diagnosis and treatment is costly and invasive. In light of these clinical concerns, we aimed to systematically review studies identifying noninvasive, multiOmic, and multicompartmental biomarkers of GERD. METHODS A systematic review of PubMed and Embase was performed using keywords focusing on reflux disease and biomarkers and registered with PROSPERO. We included original human studies in English, articles focusing on noninvasive biomarkers of GERD published after December 31, 2009. GERD subtypes (non-erosive reflux disease and erosive esophagitis) and related conditions (Barrett's Esophagus [BE] and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma). Predictive measures were synthesized and risk of bias assessed (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale). RESULTS Initial search identified n = 238 studies andn 13 articles remained after applying inclusion/exclusion criteria. Salivary pepsin was the most studied biomarker with significant sensitivity and specificity for GERD. Serum assessment showed elevated levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha in both GERD and Barrett's. Exhaled breath volatile sulfur compounds and acetic acid were associated with GERD. Oral Microbiome: Models with Lautropia, Streptococcus, and Bacteroidetes showed the greatest discrimination between BE and controls vs Lautropia; ROCAUC 0.94 (95% confidence interval; 0.85-1.00). CONCLUSION Prior studies identified significant multiOmic, multicompartmental noninvasive biomarker risks for GERD and BE. However, studies have a high risk of bias and the reliability and accuracy of the biomarkers identified are greatly limited, which further highlights the need to discover and validate clinically relevant noninvasive biomarkers of GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S. Farooqi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSoM), New York, New York
| | - Sanjiti Podury
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSoM), New York, New York
| | - George Crowley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSoM), New York, New York
| | - Urooj Javed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSoM), New York, New York
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, NYUGSoM, New York, New York
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, NYUGSoM, New York, New York
| | - Sophia Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSoM), New York, New York
| | - Gabriele Grunig
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYUGSoM, New York, New York
| | - Abraham R. Khan
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Health, NYUGSoM, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, NYUGSoM, New York, New York
| | - Fritz Francois
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, NYUGSoM, New York, New York
| | - Anna Nolan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSoM), New York, New York
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYUGSoM, New York, New York
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15
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The association between the respiratory tract microbiome and clinical outcomes in patients with COPD. Microbiol Res 2023; 266:127244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Marathe SJ, Snider MA, Flores-Torres AS, Dubin PJ, Samarasinghe AE. Human matters in asthma: Considering the microbiome in pulmonary health. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1020133. [PMID: 36532717 PMCID: PMC9755222 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities form an important symbiotic ecosystem within humans and have direct effects on health and well-being. Numerous exogenous factors including airborne triggers, diet, and drugs impact these established, but fragile communities across the human lifespan. Crosstalk between the mucosal microbiota and the immune system as well as the gut-lung axis have direct correlations to immune bias that may promote chronic diseases like asthma. Asthma initiation and pathogenesis are multifaceted and complex with input from genetic, epigenetic, and environmental components. In this review, we summarize and discuss the role of the airway microbiome in asthma, and how the environment, diet and therapeutics impact this low biomass community of microorganisms. We also focus this review on the pediatric and Black populations as high-risk groups requiring special attention, emphasizing that the whole patient must be considered during treatment. Although new culture-independent techniques have been developed and are more accessible to researchers, the exact contribution the airway microbiome makes in asthma pathogenesis is not well understood. Understanding how the airway microbiome, as a living entity in the respiratory tract, participates in lung immunity during the development and progression of asthma may lead to critical new treatments for asthma, including population-targeted interventions, or even more effective administration of currently available therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh J. Marathe
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Mark A. Snider
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Armando S. Flores-Torres
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Patricia J. Dubin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amali E. Samarasinghe
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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17
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Dang X, Kang Y, Wang X, Cao W, Li M, He Y, Pan X, Ye K, Xu D. Frequent exacerbators of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have distinguishable sputum microbiome signatures during clinical stability. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1037037. [PMID: 36532417 PMCID: PMC9753979 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1037037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frequent exacerbation phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a more concerning disease subgroup requiring better prevention and intervention, of which airway microbiome provides new perspective for further exploration. METHODS To investigate whether frequent exacerbators of COPD have distinguishable sputum microbiome during clinical stability, COPD patients at high disease grades with or without frequent exacerbation were recruited for sputum microbiome analysis. Sputum samples were collected during clinical stability and underwent 16S rRNA sequencing, which was then subjected for amplicon sequence variants (ASVs)-based microbiome analysis. RESULTS Our results revealed that compared with healthy controls and infrequent exacerbators, frequent COPD exacerbators have distinguishably dysbiotic sputum microbiome, as featured by fewer ASVs features, lower alpha diversity, distinct beta diversity patterns. Further taxonomic compositional analysis illustrated the structural distinctions between frequent COPD exacerbators and infrequent exacerbators at differential taxa levels and highlighted Stenotrephomonas due to its prominent elevation in frequent COPD exacerbators, providing a promising candidate for further exploration of microbiome biomarker. Moreover, we also demonstrated that frequent exacerbation phenotype is distinguishable from infrequent exacerbation phenotype with respect of functional implications. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the first positive correlation between the frequent exacerbation phenotype of COPD and the sputum microbiome during clinical stability in a single-center Chinese COPD cohort and provide potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Dang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yongyong Kang
- Genome Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Mathematical Medical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Chang’an District Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Minhui Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying He
- Chang’an District Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinjie Pan
- Chang’an District Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Ye
- Genome Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Mathematical Medical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Ministry of Education (MoE) Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Ministry of Education (MoE) Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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18
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Shin H, Kim S, Jo A, Won J, Gil CH, Yoon SY, Cha H, Kim HJ. Intranasal inoculation of IFN-λ resolves SARS-CoV-2 lung infection via the rapid reduction of viral burden and improvement of tissue damage. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1009424. [PMID: 36524125 PMCID: PMC9744928 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1009424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The innate immune responses of upper airway could further our understanding toward antiviral strategies against SARS-CoV-2. We characterize the potential of interferon (IFN)-λ as an innate immune inducer for the rapid clearance of SARS-CoV-2 in the lung and the therapeutic efficacy of intranasal inoculation of IFN-λ to resolve acute lung infection. Methods Syrian golden hamsters were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection depending on IFN-λ inoculation were tested. Results SARS-CoV-2-infected Syrian golden hamsters exhibited a significant decrease in body weight and high viral mRNA level at 3 days post-infection (dpi). Although viral replication was reduced completely from 7 dpi, the pathologic findings remained prominent until 14 dpi in the lung of hamsters. The transcription of IFN-λ was significantly induced in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection with the increase of IFN-stimulated genes. Intranasal inoculation of IFN-λ restricted SARS-CoV-2 replication in the lungs of infected completely from 3 dpi with markedly reduction of inflammatory cytokines. The transcriptional phenotypes were altered to the direction of damage repair and tissue remodeling in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters following intranasal inoculation of IFN-λ, which improved SARS-CoV-2-caused lung damage. Conclusion Collectively, our findings suggest that IFN-λ might be a potent innate immune inducer in the lung and intranasal inoculation of IFN-λ resolves SARS-CoV-2 infection with rapid viral clearance and improvement of lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeun Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ara Jo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jina Won
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan Hee Gil
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Yeon Yoon
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunkyung Cha
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea,Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea,Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Hyun Jik Kim,
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19
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Pneumonia, Aspiration Pneumonia, or Frailty-Associated Pneumonia? Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:geriatrics7050115. [PMID: 36286218 PMCID: PMC9602119 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7050115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a common reason for admission afflicting frail older adults. Those who are the frailest are more likely to be provided with a diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia. This diagnosis has no clear definition and no clinical consensus. It is therefore time to stop attempting to differentiate between pneumonia type and use the term frailty-associated pneumonia.
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20
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Vientós-Plotts AI, Ericsson AC, McAdams ZL, Rindt H, Reinero CR. Temporal changes of the respiratory microbiota as cats transition from health to experimental acute and chronic allergic asthma. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:983375. [PMID: 36090168 PMCID: PMC9453837 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.983375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, deviation from a core airway microbiota may predispose to development, exacerbation, or progression of asthma. We proposed to describe microbiota changes using 16 rRNA sequencing in samples from the upper and lower airways, and rectal swabs of 8 cats after experimental induction of asthma using Bermuda grass allergen, in acute (6 weeks) and chronic (36 weeks) stages. We hypothesized that asthma induction would decrease richness and diversity and alter microbiota composition and structure in the lower airways, without significantly impacting other sites. After asthma induction, richness decreased in rectal (p = 0.014) and lower airway (p = 0.016) samples. B diversity was significantly different between health and chronic asthma in all sites, and between all time points for lower airways. In healthy lower airways Pseudomonadaceae comprised 80.4 ± 1.3% whereas Sphingobacteriaceae and Xanthobacteraceae predominated (52.4 ± 2.2% and 33.5 ± 2.1%, respectively), and Pseudomonadaceae was absent, in 6/8 cats with chronic asthma. This study provides evidence that experimental induction of asthma leads to dysbiosis in the airways and distant sites in both the acute and chronic stages of disease. This article has been published alongside "Respiratory dysbiosis in cats with spontaneous allergic asthma" (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida I. Vientós-Plotts
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zachary L. McAdams
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hansjorg Rindt
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Carol R. Reinero
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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21
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Nathan AM, Chong KN, Teh CSJ, Hng SY, Eg KP, de Bruyne JA, Muhamad AN, Adam Q, Zaki RA, Razali N. Colonization of the Newborn Respiratory Tract and Its Association with Respiratory Morbidity in the first six months of life: A Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:712-720. [PMID: 35843493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the association between newborn bacterial colonization and infant respiratory morbidity, in the first six months of life. METHODS This prospective study included healthy newborn infants. Nasopharyngeal swabs performed within 72hrs of delivery were analyzed via polymerase chain reaction. We assessed cumulative respiratory morbidity of infants at 6-months-old. RESULTS Four hundred and twenty-six mother-infant pairs were recruited. In 53.3% (n=225) of newborns, S. pneumoniae (46%) and S. aureus (7.3%) was isolated. None had H. influenzae nor M. catarrhalis. At 6-months-old, 50.7% had experienced respiratory symptoms, 25% had unscheduled doctor visits, and 10% were treated with nebulizers. Colonization with S.pneumoniae was associated with reduced risk of any respiratory symptom (aOR 0.39[95% CI 0.16,0.50]), unscheduled doctor visits (aOR 0.35 [95% CI 0.18,0.67]) and nebulizer treatment (aOR 0.23 [95% CI 0.07,0.72]) at 6 months. Pregnancy-induced hypertension was also associated with increased need for nebulizer treatment (aOR 9.11 [95% CI 1.43,58.1]). CONCLUSION Colonization of the newborn respiratory tract occurred in 53% of infants. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common organism, and this was associated with a reduced risk for respiratory morbidity at six months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marie Nathan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kai Ning Chong
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cindy Shuan Ju Teh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shih Ying Hng
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kah Peng Eg
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jessie Anne de Bruyne
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anis Najwa Muhamad
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Quraisiah Adam
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rafdzah Ahmad Zaki
- Center for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nuguelis Razali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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22
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Nasal symbiont Staphylococcus epidermidis restricts the cellular entry of influenza virus into the nasal epithelium. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:26. [PMID: 35418111 PMCID: PMC9007948 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent study presented that human nasal commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis could potentiate antiviral immunity in the nasal mucosa through interferon-related innate responses. Here, we found that human nasal commensal S. epidermidis promoted protease–protease inhibitor balance in favor of the host and prevented influenza A virus (IAV) replication in the nasal mucosa and lungs. A relatively higher induction of Serpine1 exhibited in S. epidermidis-inoculated nasal epithelium and S. epidermidis-induced Serpine1 significantly decreased the expression of serine proteases. Furthermore, the transcription of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and Serpine1 was biologically relevant in S. epidermidis-inoculated nasal epithelium, and the induction of uPA might be related to the sequential increase of Serpine1 in human nasal epithelium. Our findings reveal that human nasal commensal S. epidermidis manipulates the cellular environment lacking serine proteases in the nasal epithelium through Serpine1 induction and disturbs IAV spread to the lungs at the level of the nasal mucosa.
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The Immune Mechanisms of Severe Equine Asthma-Current Understanding and What Is Missing. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060744. [PMID: 35327141 PMCID: PMC8944511 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe equine asthma is a chronic respiratory disease of adult horses, occurring when genetically susceptible individuals are exposed to environmental aeroallergens. This results in airway inflammation, mucus accumulation and bronchial constriction. Although several studies aimed at evaluating the genetic and immune pathways associated with the disease, the results reported are inconsistent. Furthermore, the complexity and heterogeneity of this disease bears great similarity to what is described for human asthma. Currently available studies identified two chromosome regions (ECA13 and ECA15) and several genes associated with the disease. The inflammatory response appears to be mediated by T helper cells (Th1, Th2, Th17) and neutrophilic inflammation significantly contributes to the persistence of airway inflammatory status. This review evaluates the reported findings pertaining to the genetical and immunological background of severe equine asthma and reflects on their implications in the pathophysiology of the disease whilst discussing further areas of research interest aiming at advancing treatment and prognosis of affected individuals.
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Scannapieco FA, Giuliano KK, Baker D. Oral health status and the etiology and prevention of nonventilator hospital-associated pneumonia. Periodontol 2000 2022; 89:51-58. [PMID: 35244952 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nonventilator hospital-associated pneumonia has recently emerged as an important preventable hospital-associated infection, and is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infection. Substantial accumulated evidence links poor oral health with an increased risk of pneumonia, which can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal pathogens, each with their own distinct mechanisms of transmission and host susceptibility. These infections are frequently polymicrobial, and often include microbes from biofilms in the oral cavity. Evidence documenting the importance of oral care to prevent nonventilator hospital-associated pneumonia is continuing to emerge. Reduction of oral biofilm in these populations will reduce the numbers of potential respiratory pathogens in the oral secretions that can be aspirated, which in turn can reduce the risk for pneumonia. This review summarizes up-to-date information on the role of oral care in the prevention of nonventilator hospital-associated pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Scannapieco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Karen K Giuliano
- Elaine Marieb Center for Nursing and Engineering Innovation, Institute for Applied Life Sciences and College of Nursing, Nursing and Engineering Center for Innovation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dian Baker
- School of Nursing, California State University, Sacramento, California, USA
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25
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Nucera F, Mumby S, Paudel KR, Dharwal V, DI Stefano A, Casolaro V, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Caramori G. Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of COPD. Minerva Med 2022; 113:370-404. [PMID: 35142479 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.07972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inhalation of cigarette smoke is a prominent cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and provides an important source of exogenous oxidants. In addition, several inflammatory and structural cells are a source of endogenous oxidants in the lower airways of COPD patients, even in former smokers. This suggests that oxidants play a key role in the pathogenesis of COPD. This oxidative stress is counterbalanced by the protective effects of the various endogenous antioxidant defenses of the lower airways. A large amount of data from animal models and patients with COPD have shown that both the stable phase of the disease, and during exacerbations, have increased oxidative stress in the lower airways compared with age-matched smokers with normal lung function. Thus, counteracting the increased oxidative stress may produce clinical benefits in COPD patients. Smoking cessation is currently the most effective treatment of COPD patients and reduces oxidative stress in the lower airways. In addition, many drugs used to treat COPD have some antioxidant effects, however, it is still unclear if their clinical efficacy is related to pharmacological modulation of the oxidant/antioxidant balance. Several new antioxidant compounds are in development for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nucera
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy -
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Airways Diseases Section, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
| | - Keshav R Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vivek Dharwal
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - Antonino DI Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Novara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Diseases Section, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
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26
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Kosutova P, Mikolka P. Aspiration syndromes and associated lung injury: incidence, pathophysiology and management. Physiol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.33549//physiolres.934767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspiration is a common condition affecting healthy or sick patients which could create an acute or chronic inflammatory reaction in the lungs. Aspiration syndromes could be categorized according to a content entering the respiratory system into bacterial aspiration pneumonia with the gastric or oropharyngeal bacteria entering, aspiration chemical pneumonitis with bacteria-freegastric acid aspiration, or aspiration of a foreign body which causes an acute pulmonary emergency. There are differences in the clinical presentation of volume-dependent aspirations (microaspiration and macroaspiration): the higher is the volume of aspiration, the greater is the injury to the patient and more serious are the health consequences (with 70 % mortality rate for hospitalized patients). Aspiration syndromes can affect both the airways and pulmonary parenchyma, leading to acute lung injury, increased hospitalization rate and worse outcomes in critically ill patients. Impaired alveolar-capillary permeability, oedema formation, neutrophilic inflammatory response and pulmonary surfactant inactivation lead to reduced lung compliance and loss of aerated lung tissue and give rise to hypoxemia and respiratory failure. This review discusses the effect of aspiration events on the pulmonary tissue. The main focus is to distinguish the differences between bacterial and chemical pneumonia, their clinical presentation and symptoms, risk factors of developing the changes, possibilities of diagnostics and management as well as prevention of aspirations. Because of a risk of serious lung damage after the aspiration, pathophysiology and processes leading to lung tissue injury are discussed in detail. Data sources represent a systematic literature search using relevant medical subject headings.
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Pragman AA, Fieberg AM, Reilly CS, Wendt C. Chlorhexidine oral rinses for symptomatic COPD: a randomised, blind, placebo-controlled preliminary study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050271. [PMID: 34903538 PMCID: PMC8672026 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determine the effect of twice-daily chlorhexidine oral rinses on oral and lung microbiota biomass and respiratory symptoms. SETTING Single centre. PARTICIPANTS Participants were aged 40-85 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic productive cough or COPD exacerbation within the last year. Exclusions included antibiotics in the previous 2 months and/or those with less than four teeth. Forty-four participants were recruited and 40 completed the study. INTERVENTION Participants were randomised 1:1 to twice-daily 0.12% chlorhexidine oral rinses versus placebo for 2 months along with daily diaries. St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), blood tests, oral rinse and induced sputum were collected at randomisation and the final visit. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES Primary outcome was a change in oral and sputum microbiota biomass. Secondary outcomes included: sputum and oral microbiota Shannon and Simpson diversity and taxonomy; inflammatory markers; Breathlessness, Cough and Sputum Scale and SGRQ scores. RESULTS Neither the oral microbiota nor the sputum microbiota biomass decreased significantly in those using chlorhexidine compared with placebo (oral microbiota mean log10 difference (SE)=-0.103 (0.23), 95% CI -0.59 to 0.38, p=0.665; sputum microbiota 0.80 (0.46), 95% CI -0.15 to 1.75, p=0.096). Chlorhexidine decreased both oral and sputum microbiota alpha (Shannon) diversity (linear regression estimate (SE) oral: -0.349 (0.091), p=0.001; sputum -0.622 (0.169), p=0.001). Chlorhexidine use did not decrease systemic inflammatory markers compared with placebo (C reactive protein (chlorhexidine 1.8±7.5 vs placebo 0.4±6.8, p=0.467), fibrinogen (22.5±77.8 vs 10.0±77.0, p=0.406) or leucocytes (0.2±1.8 vs 0.5±1.8, p=0.560)). Chlorhexidine use decreased SGRQ scores compared with placebo (chlorhexidine -4.7±8.0 vs placebo 1.7±8.9, p=0.032). CONCLUSIONS We did not detect a significant difference in microbiota biomass due to chlorhexidine use. Chlorhexidine decreased oral and sputum microbiota alpha diversity and improved respiratory health-related quality of life compared with placebo. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02252588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa A Pragman
- Department of Medicine, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ann M Fieberg
- Coordinating Center for Biometric Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cavan S Reilly
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christine Wendt
- Department of Medicine, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Ji JY, Jo A, Won J, Gil CH, Shin H, Kim S, Jeon YJ, Kim HJ. The nasal symbiont Staphylococcus species restricts the transcription of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors in human nasal epithelium. iScience 2021; 24:103172. [PMID: 34604720 PMCID: PMC8464034 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted through the human nasal mucosa via the principal entry factors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), which are highly expressed in the nasal epithelium. Therefore, the biologics targeting host entry factors on human nasal mucosa will be necessary for complete control of SARS-CoV-2. Our data reveal that ACE2 was more abundant in human nasal mucosa than lung tissue. Both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 transcriptions significantly decreased in nasal epithelium in response to S. epidermidis and were relatively lower in human nasal mucus with large numbers of S. epidermidis. ACE2 transcription was also reduced in nasal epithelium in response to nasal symbiont S. aureus. This study proposes that Staphylococcus species nasal commensals might potentially restrict SARS-CoV-2 entry to the nasal epithelium via down regulation of cellular receptors coupled with reduction of principal host protease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ara Jo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 110-799 Seoul, Korea
| | - Jina Won
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 110-799 Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Hee Gil
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 110-799 Seoul, Korea
| | - Haeun Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 110-799 Seoul, Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 110-799 Seoul, Korea
| | - Yung Jin Jeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 110-799 Seoul, Korea.,Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Fischer RG, Gomes Filho IS, Cruz SSD, Oliveira VB, Lira-Junior R, Scannapieco FA, Rego RO. What is the future of Periodontal Medicine? Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e102. [PMID: 34586216 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last five decades, considerable progress has been made towards understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and their interactions with the host. The impact of an individual periodontal condition on systemic homeostasis became more evident because of this knowledge and prompted advances in studies that associate periodontitis with systemic diseases and conditions. The term Periodontal Medicine describes how periodontal infection/inflammation can affect extraoral health. This review presents the current scientific evidence on the most investigated associations between periodontitis and systemic diseases and conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, preterm birth and low birth weight, and pneumonia. Additionally, other associations between periodontitis and chronic inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and Alzheimer's disease that were recently published and are still poorly studied were described. Thus, the aim of this review was to answer the following question: What is the future of Periodontal Medicine? Epidemiological evidence and the evidence of biological plausibility between periodontitis and general health reinforce the rationale that the study of Periodontal Medicine should continue to advance, along with improvements in the epidemiological method, highlighting the statistical power of the studies, the method for data analysis, the case definition of periodontitis, and the type of periodontal therapy to be applied in intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Guimarães Fischer
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Department of Periodontology, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isaac Suzart Gomes Filho
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana - UEFS, Department of Health, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - Simone Seixas da Cruz
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia - UFRB, Health Sciences Center, Santo Antônio de Jesus, BA, Brazil
| | - Victor Bento Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará - UFC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Frank Andrew Scannapieco
- The State University of New York, Univeristy at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rodrigo Otávio Rego
- Universidade Federal do Ceará - UFC, School of Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Sobral, CE, Brazil
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30
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Weeks JR, Staples KJ, Spalluto CM, Watson A, Wilkinson TMA. The Role of Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae Biofilms in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:720742. [PMID: 34422683 PMCID: PMC8373199 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.720742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an ubiquitous commensal-turned-pathogen that colonises the respiratory mucosa in airways diseases including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). COPD is a progressive inflammatory syndrome of the lungs, encompassing chronic bronchitis that is characterised by mucus hypersecretion and impaired mucociliary clearance and creates a static, protective, humid, and nutrient-rich environment, with dysregulated mucosal immunity; a favourable environment for NTHi colonisation. Several recent large COPD cohort studies have reported NTHi as a significant and recurrent aetiological pathogen in acute exacerbations of COPD. NTHi proliferation has been associated with increased hospitalisation, disease severity, morbidity and significant lung microbiome shifts. However, some cohorts with patients at different severities of COPD do not report that NTHi is a significant aetiological pathogen in their COPD patients, indicating other obligate pathogens including Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the cause. NTHi is an ubiquitous organism across healthy non-smokers, healthy smokers and COPD patients from childhood to adulthood, but it currently remains unclear why NTHi becomes pathogenic in only some cohorts of COPD patients, and what behaviours, interactions and adaptations are driving this susceptibility. There is emerging evidence that biofilm-phase NTHi may play a significant role in COPD. NTHi displays many hallmarks of the biofilm lifestyle and expresses key biofilm formation-promoting genes. These include the autoinducer-mediated quorum sensing system, epithelial- and mucus-binding adhesins and expression of a protective, self-produced polymeric substance matrix. These NTHi biofilms exhibit extreme tolerance to antimicrobial treatments and the immune system as well as expressing synergistic interspecific interactions with other lung pathogens including S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis. Whilst the majority of our understanding surrounding NTHi as a biofilm arises from otitis media or in-vitro bacterial monoculture models, the role of NTHi biofilms in the COPD lung is now being studied. This review explores the evidence for the existence of NTHi biofilms and their impact in the COPD lung. Understanding the nature of chronic and recurrent NTHi infections in acute exacerbations of COPD could have important implications for clinical treatment and identification of novel bactericidal targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake R Weeks
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karl J Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - C Mirella Spalluto
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Watson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
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31
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Sulaiman I, Wu BG, Li Y, Tsay JC, Sauthoff M, Scott AS, Ji K, Koralov SB, Weiden M, Clemente JC, Jones D, Huang YJ, Stringer KA, Zhang L, Geber A, Banakis S, Tipton L, Ghedin E, Segal LN. Functional lower airways genomic profiling of the microbiome to capture active microbial metabolism. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.03434-2020. [PMID: 33446604 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03434-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiome studies of the lower airways based on bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing assess microbial community structure but can only infer functional characteristics. Microbial products, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in the lower airways have significant impact on the host's immune tone. Thus, functional approaches to the analyses of the microbiome are necessary. METHODS Here we used upper and lower airway samples from a research bronchoscopy smoker cohort. In addition, we validated our results in an experimental mouse model. We extended our microbiota characterisation beyond 16S rRNA gene sequencing with the use of whole-genome shotgun (WGS) and RNA metatranscriptome sequencing. SCFAs were also measured in lower airway samples and correlated with each of the sequencing datasets. In the mouse model, 16S rRNA gene and RNA metatranscriptome sequencing were performed. RESULTS Functional evaluations of the lower airway microbiota using inferred metagenome, WGS and metatranscriptome data were dissimilar. Comparison with measured levels of SCFAs shows that the inferred metagenome from the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data was poorly correlated, while better correlations were noted when SCFA levels were compared with WGS and metatranscriptome data. Modelling lower airway aspiration with oral commensals in a mouse model showed that the metatranscriptome most efficiently captures transient active microbial metabolism, which was overestimated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Functional characterisation of the lower airway microbiota through metatranscriptome data identifies metabolically active organisms capable of producing metabolites with immunomodulatory capacity, such as SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Sulaiman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin G Wu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yonghua Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun-Chieh Tsay
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maya Sauthoff
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrienne S Scott
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kun Ji
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergei B Koralov
- Dept of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Weiden
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose C Clemente
- Dept of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Drew Jones
- Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Dept of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yvonne J Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen A Stringer
- Dept of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lingdi Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Dept of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Geber
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Dept of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Banakis
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Dept of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Tipton
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Dept of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Dept of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Dept of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leopoldo N Segal
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Almirall J, Boixeda R, de la Torre MC, Torres A. Aspiration pneumonia: A renewed perspective and practical approach. Respir Med 2021; 185:106485. [PMID: 34087609 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aspiration pneumonia (AP) is a sub-type of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) still poorly recognized especially in the absence of an aspiration event. A further difficulty is the differentiation between AP and aspiration pneumonitis. From a clinical perspective, AP is becoming increasingly relevant as a potential cause of severe and life-threatening respiratory infection among frail and very old patients, particularly among those with CAP requiring inpatient care. Moreover, AP is frequently underdiagnosed and a clear-cut definition of this pathological entity is lacking. There are different factors that increase the risk for aspiration, but other common factors influencing oral colonization such as malnutrition, smoking, poor oral hygiene or dry mouth, are also important in the pathogenesis of AP and should be considered. While there is no doubt in the diagnosis of AP in cases of a recent witnessed aspiration of oropharyngeal or gastric content, we here proposed a definition of AP that also includes silent unobserved aspirations. For this reason, the presence of one or more risk factors of oropharyngeal aspiration is required together with one or more risk factors for oral bacterial colonization. This proposed definition based on expert opinion not only unifies the diagnostic criteria of AP, but also provides the possibility to devise easily applicable strategies to prevent oral colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Almirall
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Mataró, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Consorci Sanitari Del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ramon Boixeda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Mataró, Consorci Sanitari Del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mari C de la Torre
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Mataró, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Consorci Sanitari Del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antoni Torres
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service of Pneumology, Institut Clínic Del Torax, Institut D'Investigació Biomédica Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Thornton CS, Mellett M, Jarand J, Barss L, Field SK, Fisher DA. The respiratory microbiome and nontuberculous mycobacteria: an emerging concern in human health. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/160/200299. [PMID: 34039671 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0299-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are diverse microbial species encompassing commensals and pathogens with the ability to cause pulmonary disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. In contrast to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which has seen a reduction in disease rates in developed countries, the incidence and prevalence of NTM disease is increasing. NTM are difficult to treat with standard antimicrobial regimens and may contain both virulence and antibiotic-resistance genes with potential for pathogenicity. With the advent of molecular techniques, it has been elucidated that these organisms do not reside in isolation and are rather part of a complex milieu of microorganisms within the host lung microbiome. Over the last decade, studies have highlighted the impact of the microbiome on host immunity, metabolism and cell-cell communication. This recognition of a broader community raises the possibility that the microbiome may disrupt the balance between infection and disease. Additionally, NTM disease progression and antimicrobial therapy may affect the healthy steady state of the host and function of the microbiome, contributing to further dysbiosis and clinical deterioration. There have been limited studies assessing how NTM may influence the relationship between microbiome and host. In this review, we highlight available studies about NTM and the microbiome, postulate on virulence mechanisms by which these microorganisms communicate and discuss implications for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S Thornton
- Division of Respirology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada .,Dept of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Joint first authors
| | - Madeline Mellett
- Dept of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Joint first authors
| | - Julie Jarand
- Division of Respirology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Dept of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,TB Services, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Leila Barss
- Division of Respirology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Dept of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,TB Services, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Stephen K Field
- Division of Respirology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Dept of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,TB Services, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Dina A Fisher
- Division of Respirology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Dept of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,TB Services, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Dept of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Hollingsworth BA, Cassatt DR, DiCarlo AL, Rios CI, Satyamitra MM, Winters TA, Taliaferro LP. Acute Radiation Syndrome and the Microbiome: Impact and Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:643283. [PMID: 34084131 PMCID: PMC8167050 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Study of the human microbiota has been a centuries-long endeavor, but since the inception of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Human Microbiome Project in 2007, research has greatly expanded, including the space involving radiation injury. As acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is multisystemic, the microbiome niches across all areas of the body may be affected. This review highlights advances in radiation research examining the effect of irradiation on the microbiome and its potential use as a target for medical countermeasures or biodosimetry approaches, or as a medical countermeasure itself. The authors also address animal model considerations for designing studies, and the potential to use the microbiome as a biomarker to assess radiation exposure and predict outcome. Recent research has shown that the microbiome holds enormous potential for mitigation of radiation injury, in the context of both radiotherapy and radiological/nuclear public health emergencies. Gaps still exist, but the field is moving forward with much promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynn A Hollingsworth
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - David R Cassatt
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Andrea L DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Carmen I Rios
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Merriline M Satyamitra
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Thomas A Winters
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Lanyn P Taliaferro
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
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Zhang X, Wang S, Xu H, Yi H, Guan J, Yin S. Metabolomics and microbiome profiling as biomarkers in obstructive sleep apnoea: a comprehensive review. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/160/200220. [PMID: 33980666 PMCID: PMC9489097 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0220-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder with a high social and economic burden. Thus, early prediction and diagnosis of OSA are important. Changes in metabolism and the microbiome may serve as biomarkers for OSA. Herein, we review the literature on the metabolomic and microbiome changes associated with OSA, and identify the metabolites and microorganisms involved. Methods We searched the PUBMED and EMBASE electronic databases using the following terms: “obstructive sleep apnea”, “OSA”, “sleep disordered breathing”, “SDB”, “intermittent hypoxia”, “sleep fragmentation”, and either “metabolomics” or “microbiome”. In total, 273 papers were identified, of which 28 were included in our study. Results Changes in the levels of certain metabolites related to fatty acid, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism were associated with the incidence of OSA. The diversity and abundance of microflora, particularly Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, were altered in humans and rodents with OSA. Conclusions Certain changes in metabolism and the microbiota play an integral role in the pathophysiology of OSA and OSA-induced cardiovascular complications. Metabolomic and microbiome biomarkers shed light on the pathogenesis of OSA, and facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. Unique alterations in metabolism and the microbiome play an integral role in the pathophysiology of OSA and OSA-induced cardiovascular complicationshttps://bit.ly/3mW2rD5
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Zhang
- Dept of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Shengming Wang
- Dept of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Huajun Xu
- Dept of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Yi
- Dept of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Dept of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Dept of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Dietl B, Henares D, Boix-Palop L, Muñoz-Almagro C, Garau J, Calbo E. Related Factors to Streptococcus pneumoniae Invasive Infection and Clinical Manifestations: The Potential Role of Nasopharyngeal Microbiome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:650271. [PMID: 33996857 PMCID: PMC8117960 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.650271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections of the lower respiratory tract, such as pneumonia, are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae might colonize the upper respiratory tract and is the main aetiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In the last decades, several factors related to the host, the microorganism and the antibiotic therapy have been investigated to identify risk factors associated with the development of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Nevertheless, these factors themselves do not explain the risk of developing disease or its severity. Recently, some studies have focused on the importance of nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiome and its relation to respiratory health. This review presents existing evidence of the potential role of NP microbiome in the development of IPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Dietl
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Desirée Henares
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Boix-Palop
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Garau
- Internal Medicine Department, Clínica Rotger, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Esther Calbo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Yang CY, Li SW, Chin CY, Hsu CW, Lee CC, Yeh YM, Wu KA. Association of exacerbation phenotype with the sputum microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients during the clinically stable state. J Transl Med 2021; 19:121. [PMID: 33757530 PMCID: PMC7988976 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive, life-threatening lung disease with increasing prevalence and incidence worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that lung microbiomes might play a physiological role in acute exacerbations of COPD. The objective of this study was to characterize the association of the microbiota and exacerbation risk or airflow limitation in stable COPD patients. Methods The sputum microbiota from 78 COPD outpatients during periods of clinical stability was investigated using 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon sequencing. The microbiome profiles were compared between patients with different risks of exacerbation, i.e., the low risk exacerbator (LRE) or high risk exacerbator (HRE) groups, and with different airflow limitation severity, i.e., mild to moderate (FEV1 ≥ 50; PFT I) or severe to very severe (FEV1 < 50; PFT II). Results The bacterial diversity (Chao1 and observed OTUs) was significantly decreased in the HRE group compared to that in the LRE group. The top 3 dominant phyla in sputum were Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria, which were similar in the HRE and LRE groups. At the genus level, compared to that in the LRE group (41.24%), the proportion of Streptococcus was slightly decreased in the HRE group (28.68%) (p = 0.007). However, the bacterial diversity and the proportion of dominant bacteria at the phylum and genus levels were similar between the PFT I and PFT II groups. Furthermore, the relative abundances of Gemella morbillorum, Prevotella histicola, and Streptococcus gordonii were decreased in the HRE group compared to those in the LRE group according to linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). Microbiome network analysis suggested altered bacterial cooperative regulation in different exacerbation phenotypes. The proportions of Proteobacteria and Neisseria were negatively correlated with the FEV1/FVC value. According to functional prediction of sputum bacterial communities through Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis, genes involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and energy metabolism were enriched in the HRE group. Conclusion The present study revealed that the sputum microbiome changed in COPD patients with different risks of exacerbation. Additionally, the bacterial cooperative networks were altered in the HRE patients and may contribute to disease exacerbation. Our results provide evidence that sputum microbiome community dysbiosis is associated with different COPD phenotypes, and we hope that by understanding the lung microbiome, a potentially modifiable clinical factor, further targets for improved COPD therapies during the clinically stable state may be elucidated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02788-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wen Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yin Chin
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Hsu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ching Lee
- Department and Graduate Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ming Yeh
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-An Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 168, Zhongxing Rd., Longtan District, Taoyuan, 32551, Taiwan (R.O.C.). .,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan.
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Scannapieco FA. Poor Oral Health in the Etiology and Prevention of Aspiration Pneumonia. Dent Clin North Am 2021; 65:307-321. [PMID: 33641755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aspiration pneumonia (AP), inflammation of the lung parenchyma initiated by aspirated microorganisms into the lower airways from proximal sites, including the oral cavity, is prevalent in, and problematic for, the elderly, especially those in institutions, and for those with several important risk factors. Many factors influence the pathogenesis of AP, including dysphagia, poor oral hygiene, diminished host defense, and underlying medical conditions. This article reviews the epidemiology, microbiology, pathogenesis, and prevention of AP, focusing on the role of poor oral health as a risk factor for, and on dental care for the prevention and management of, this important infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Scannapieco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Foster Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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Comparative analysis of the alveolar microbiome in COPD, ECOPD, Sarcoidosis, and ILD patients to identify respiratory illnesses specific microbial signatures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3963. [PMID: 33597669 PMCID: PMC7889618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying respiratory illness-specific microbial signatures and their interaction with other micro-residents could provide a better understanding of lung microbial ecology. Each respiratory illness has a specific disease etiology, however, so far no study has revealed disease—specific microbial markers. The present study was designed to determine disease-specific microbial features and their interactions with other residents in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (stable and exacerbated), sarcoidosis, and interstitial lung diseases. Broncho-alveolar lavage samples (n = 43) were analyzed by SSU rRNA gene sequencing to study the alveolar microbiome in these diseases. A predominance of Proteobacteria followed by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria was observed in all the disease subsets. Shannon diversity was significantly higher in stable COPD when compared to exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD) (p = 0.0061), and ILD patient samples (p = 0.037). The lung microbiome of the patients with stable COPD was more diverse in comparison to ECOPD and ILD patients (p < 0.001). Lefse analysis identified 40 disease—differentiating microbial features (LDA score (log10) > 4). Species network analysis indicated a significant correlation (p < 0.05) of diseases specific microbial signature with other lung microbiome members. The current study strengthens the proposed hypothesis that each respiratory illness has unique microbial signatures. These microbial signatures could be used as diagnostic markers to differentiate among various respiratory illnesses.
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Abstract
While asthma has a strong genetic component, our current ability to systematically understand and predict asthma risk remains low, despite over a hundred genetic associations. The reasons for this unfilled gap range from technical limitations of current approaches to fundamental deficiencies in the way we understand asthma. These are discussed in the context of genomic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Bansal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mayank Garg
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Abstract
Recent studies have reported that commensal microorganisms are not just “passive occupants” but may play a crucial role in the immune system activation. It is well-known that in critically ill patients, the microbiome is modified and may be associated with the development of immunosuppression in sepsis, contributing to the development of acute renal injury, cardiovascular diseases, or more importantly, respiratory system disturbances. The conviction of lung sterility has gone down in history. The presence of characteristic gut microbiome, such as Bacteroidetes and Enterobacteriaceae, was demonstrated in lungs of critically ill patients. This bacteria’s translocation, especially in ischemia-reperfusion injury, results in increased concentration of inflammation response markers and may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of respiratory system disturbances, including acute respiratory distress syndrome. Recent studies have shown that ischemia-reperfusion injury is often observed in intensive care units (ICUs) and predispose to microbiome disturbances that are strictly connected with immune system activation and epithelial damage. Potential effects of dysbiosis treatment are under highly activated investigation. Therefore, it is possible that microbiota-targeted therapy may constitute the future therapeutic path in ICUs.
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Symbiotic microbiome Staphylococcus aureus from human nasal mucus modulates IL-33-mediated type 2 immune responses in allergic nasal mucosa. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:301. [PMID: 33028252 PMCID: PMC7542126 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The host-microbial commensalism can shape the innate immune responses in respiratory mucosa and nasal microbiome also modulates front-line immune mechanism in the nasal mucosa. Inhaled allergens encounter the host immune system first in the nasal mucosa, and microbial characteristics of nasal mucus directly impact the mechanisms of initial allergic responses in nasal epithelium. However, the roles of the nasal microbiome in allergic nasal mucosa remain uncertain. We sought to determine the distribution of nasal microbiomes in allergic nasal mucosa and elucidate the interplay between nasal microbiome Staphylococcus species and Th2 cytokines in allergic rhinitis (AR) models. Results Staphylococcus aureus (AR-SA) and S. epidermidis (AR-SE) were isolated from the nasal mucosa of patients with AR. The influence of nasal microbiome Staphylococcus species on allergic nasal mucosa was also tested with in vitro and in vivo AR models. Pyrosequencing data showed that colonization by S. epidermidis and S. aureus was more dominant in nasal mucus of AR subjects. The mRNA and protein levels of IL-33 and TSLP were significantly higher in AR nasal epithelial (ARNE) cells which were cultured from nasal mucosa of AR subjects, and exposure of ARNE cells to AR-SA reduced IL-33 mRNA and secreted protein levels. Particularly, ovalbumin-driven AR mice inoculated with AR-SA by intranasal delivery exhibited significantly reduced IL-33 in their nasal mucosa. In the context of these results, allergic symptoms and Th2 cytokine levels were significantly downregulated after intranasal inoculation of AR-SA in vivo AR mice. Conclusion Colonization by Staphylococcus species was more dominant in allergic nasal mucosa, and nasal commensal S. aureus from subjects with AR mediates anti-allergic effects by modulating IL-33-dependent Th2 inflammation. The results demonstrate the role of host-bacterial commensalism in shaping human allergic inflammation.
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Epithelial Dysfunction in Lung Diseases: Effects of Amino Acids and Potential Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1265:57-70. [PMID: 32761570 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45328-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung diseases affect millions of individuals all over the world. Various environmental factors, such as toxins, chemical pollutants, detergents, viruses, bacteria, microbial dysbiosis, and allergens, contribute to the development of respiratory disorders. Exposure to these factors activates stress responses in host cells and disrupt lung homeostasis, therefore leading to dysfunctional epithelial barriers. Despite significant advances in therapeutic treatments for lung diseases in the last two decades, novel interventional targets are imperative, considering the side effects and limited efficacy in patients treated with currently available drugs. Nutrients, such as amino acids (e.g., arginine, glutamine, glycine, proline, taurine, and tryptophan), peptides, and bioactive molecules, have attracted more and more attention due to their abilities to reduce oxidative stress, inhibit apoptosis, and regulate immune responses, thereby improving epithelial barriers. In this review, we summarize recent advances in amino acid metabolism in the lungs, as well as multifaceted functions of amino acids in attenuating inflammatory lung diseases based on data from studies with both human patients and animal models. The underlying mechanisms for the effects of physiological amino acids are likely complex and involve cell signaling, gene expression, and anti-oxidative reactions. The beneficial effects of amino acids are expected to improve the respiratory health and well-being of humans and other animals. Because viruses (e.g., coronavirus) and environmental pollutants (e.g., PM2.5 particles) induce severe damage to the lungs, it is important to determine whether dietary supplementation or intravenous administration of individual functional amino acids (e.g., arginine-HCl, citrulline, N-acetylcysteine, glutamine, glycine, proline and tryptophan) or their combinations to affected subjects may alleviate injury and dysfunction in this vital organ.
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Mathieu E, MacPherson CW, Belvis J, Mathieu O, Robert V, Saint-Criq V, Langella P, Tompkins TA, Thomas M. Oral Primo-Colonizing Bacteria Modulate Inflammation and Gene Expression in Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081094. [PMID: 32707845 PMCID: PMC7464694 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota of the mouth disperses into the lungs, and both compartments share similar phyla. Considering the importance of the microbiota in the maturation of the immunity and physiology during the first days of life, we hypothesized that primo-colonizing bacteria of the oral cavity may induce immune responses in bronchial epithelial cells. Herein, we have isolated and characterized 57 strains of the buccal cavity of two human newborns. These strains belong to Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Rothia and Pantoea genera, with Streptococcus being the most represented. The strains were co-incubated with a bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B), and we established their impact on a panel of cytokines/chemokines and global changes in gene expression. The Staphylococcus strains, which appeared soon after birth, induced a high production of IL-8, suggesting they can trigger inflammation, whereas the Streptococcus strains were less associated with inflammation pathways. The genera Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Pantoea induced differential profiles of cytokine/chemokine/growth factor and set of genes associated with maturation of morphology. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the microorganisms, primo-colonizing the oral cavity, impact immunity and morphology of the lung epithelial cells, with specific effects depending on the phylogeny of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Mathieu
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (E.M.); (V.R.); (V.S.-C.); (P.L.)
| | - Chad W. MacPherson
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Lallemand Health Solutions Inc., Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (C.W.M.); (J.B.); (O.M.); (T.A.T.)
| | - Jocelyn Belvis
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Lallemand Health Solutions Inc., Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (C.W.M.); (J.B.); (O.M.); (T.A.T.)
| | - Olivier Mathieu
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Lallemand Health Solutions Inc., Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (C.W.M.); (J.B.); (O.M.); (T.A.T.)
| | - Véronique Robert
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (E.M.); (V.R.); (V.S.-C.); (P.L.)
| | - Vinciane Saint-Criq
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (E.M.); (V.R.); (V.S.-C.); (P.L.)
| | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (E.M.); (V.R.); (V.S.-C.); (P.L.)
| | - Thomas A. Tompkins
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Lallemand Health Solutions Inc., Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (C.W.M.); (J.B.); (O.M.); (T.A.T.)
| | - Muriel Thomas
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (E.M.); (V.R.); (V.S.-C.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Cavaleiro Rufo J, Ribeiro AI, Paciência I, Delgado L, Moreira A. The influence of species richness in primary school surroundings on children lung function and allergic disease development. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2020; 31:358-363. [PMID: 31943397 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary schools represent important environments for biodiversity exposure and thus may play a crucial role on early-life immunomodulation, protecting against allergic sensitization. The aim of this study was to understand how the exposure to different levels of species richness surrounding urban primary schools may influence the development of allergic diseases and asthma in children. METHODS A species richness index (SRI), evaluating habitat diversity in terms of amphibians, birds, reptiles, and small mammals, was estimated and attributed to 20 primary schools in the city of Porto, Portugal. The SRI was measured considering a 100 m straight-line buffer around the schools. Children who attended the participating schools were invited to participate in the study, performed spirometry with bronchodilation and skin-prick tests, and had their parents fill a questionnaire concerning allergy and asthma symptoms, as well as demographic and socioeconomic data. Asthma was defined according to three distinct criteria. RESULTS The study results showed significant and positive associations between the exposure to species richness in schools and the forced expiratory volume at the first second (FEV1 ) and forced vital capacity (FVC) parameters both before and after bronchodilation, independently of the asthma and atopic status. Fully adjusted models revealed that a unitary increment in the SRI was associated with an average increase of approximately 2 and 3 mL in FEV1 and FVC, respectively. CONCLUSION Species richness in school surroundings may impact lung function development in children. However, this increase in lung function was not associated with any clinically relevant protective effect on allergy and asthma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cavaleiro Rufo
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Serviço e Laboratório de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Ribeiro
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Paciência
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Serviço e Laboratório de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Delgado
- Serviço e Laboratório de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Serviço e Laboratório de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Fastrès A, Roels E, Vangrinsven E, Taminiau B, Jabri H, Bolen G, Merveille AC, Tutunaru AC, Moyse E, Daube G, Clercx C. Assessment of the lung microbiota in dogs: influence of the type of breed, living conditions and canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:84. [PMID: 32276591 PMCID: PMC7147050 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Literature about the lung microbiota (LM) in dogs is sparse. Influence of breed and living conditions on the LM in healthy dogs is currently unknown, as well as the influence of chronic respiratory diseases such as canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF) in West highland white terriers (WHWTs). Aims of this study were (1) to assess the characteristics of the healthy LM according to breed and living conditions, and (2) to study LM changes associated with CIPF in WHWTs. Forty-five healthy dogs divided into 5 groups: domestic terriers (n = 10), domestic shepherds (n = 11), domestic brachycephalic dogs (n = 9), domestic WHWTs (n = 6) (H-WHWTs) and experimental beagles (n = 9) and 11 diseased WHWTs affected with CIPF (D-WHWTs) were included in the study to achieve those objectives. Results In healthy domestic dogs, except in H-WHWTs, the presence of few discriminant genera in each type of breed was the only LM modification. LM of experimental dogs displayed a change in b-diversity and an increased richness compared with domestic dogs. Moreover, Prevotella_7 and Dubosiella genera were more abundant and 19 genera were discriminant in experimental dogs. LM of both H-WHWTs and D-WHWTs revealed increased abundance of 6 genera (Brochothrix, Curvibacter, Pseudarcicella, Flavobacteriaceae genus, Rhodoluna and Limnohabitans) compared with other healthy domestic dogs. Brochothrix and Pseudarcicella were also discriminant in D-WHWTs compared with H-WHWTs and other healthy domestic dogs. Conclusions In domestic conditions, except for H-WHWT, the breed appears to have minor influence on the LM. LM modifications were found in experimental compared with domestic living conditions. LM modifications in H-WHWTs and D-WHWTs compared with other healthy domestic dogs were similar and seemed to be linked to the breed. Whether this breed difference might be related with the high susceptibility of WHWTs for CIPF requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Fastrès
- Department of Clinical Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Elodie Roels
- Department of Clinical Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Emilie Vangrinsven
- Department of Clinical Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Department of Food Sciences - Microbiology, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Hiba Jabri
- Department of Food Sciences - Microbiology, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Bolen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Christine Merveille
- Department of Clinical Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandru-Cosmin Tutunaru
- Department of Clinical Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Moyse
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources/Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Applied to Veterinary Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Department of Food Sciences - Microbiology, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Clercx
- Department of Clinical Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Analysis of the lung microbiota in dogs with Bordetella bronchiseptica infection and correlation with culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Vet Res 2020; 51:46. [PMID: 32209128 PMCID: PMC7092585 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb), a pathogen involved in canine infectious respiratory disease complex, can be confirmed using culture or qPCR. Studies about the canine lung microbiota (LM) are recent, sparse, and only one paper has been published in canine lung infection. In this study, we aimed to compare the LM between Bb infected and healthy dogs, and to correlate sequencing with culture and qPCR results. Twenty Bb infected dogs diagnosed either by qPCR and/or culture and 4 healthy dogs were included. qPCR for Mycoplasma cynos (Mc) were also available in 18 diseased and all healthy dogs. Sequencing results, obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after DNA extraction, PCR targeting the V1–V3 region of the 16S rDNA and sequencing, showed the presence of Bb in all diseased dogs, about half being co-infected with Mc. In diseased compared with healthy dogs, the β-diversity changed (P = 0.0024); bacterial richness and α-diversity were lower (P = 0.012 and 0.0061), and bacterial load higher (P = 0.004). Bb qPCR classes and culture results correlated with the abundance of Bb (r = 0.71, P < 0.001 and r = 0.70, P = 0.0022). Mc qPCR classes also correlated with the abundance of Mc (r = 0.73, P < 0.001). Bb infection induced lung dysbiosis, characterized by high bacterial load, low richness and diversity and increased abundance of Bb, compared with healthy dogs. Sequencing results highly correlate with qPCR and culture results showing that sequencing can be reliable to identify microorganisms involved in lung infectious diseases.
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48
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Fillion-Bertrand G, Dickson RP, Boivin R, Lavoie JP, Huffnagle GB, Leclere M. Lung Microbiome Is Influenced by the Environment and Asthmatic Status in an Equine Model of Asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:189-197. [PMID: 30183323 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0228oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that the lung microbiome differs between patients with asthma and healthy humans, but the effect of environmental conditions and medication is unknown and difficult to study. Equine asthma is a naturally occurring chronic airway disease characterized by reversible airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction upon exposure to inhaled antigens. In the present study, we evaluated the effect that environmental conditions and disease status have on pulmonary, nasal, and oral microbiomes. Six asthmatic and six healthy horses were studied while at pasture ("low antigen exposure"), as well as when being housed indoors and fed good-quality hay ("moderate exposure") and poor-quality hay ("high exposure"). At each time point, lung function was recorded; BAL, oral, and nasal rinses were collected; and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. Asthmatic horses developed airway obstruction and inflammation under moderate and high antigen exposure conditions, whereas nonasthmatic horses showed mild inflammation under high antigen exposure, without bronchoconstriction. Lung, oral, and nasal communities clustered by environmental condition, but only lung communities were different between healthy and asthmatic horses. The association between asthma and lung microbiome was strongest in horses under moderate antigen exposure. Pulmonary, oral, and nasal microbiomes are influenced by environmental conditions, but only the pulmonary microbiome differs between horses with and without asthma. This difference, seen mainly when airway inflammation was present in horses with asthma but not in control animals, suggests that the altered lung microbiome in asthma might not be inherent but coincident with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Fillion-Bertrand
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Robert P Dickson
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Roxane Boivin
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Gary B Huffnagle
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mathilde Leclere
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada; and
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Fastrès A, Taminiau B, Vangrinsven E, Tutunaru AC, Moyse E, Farnir F, Daube G, Clercx C. Effect of an antimicrobial drug on lung microbiota in healthy dogs. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02802. [PMID: 31844730 PMCID: PMC6895694 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the lung microbiota (LM) are associated with clinical features in chronic lung diseases (CLDs) with growing evidence that an altered LM contributes to the pathogenesis of such disorders. The common use of antimicrobial drugs in the management of CLDs likely represents a confounding factor in the study of the LM. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of oral administration of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AC) on the LM in healthy dogs (n = 6) at short (immediately after stopping AC [D10]) and medium-term (16 days after stopping AC [D26]). Metagenetic analyses were performed on the V1–V3 hypervariable region of 16S rDNA after extraction of total bacterial DNA from samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). AC did not induce significant changes in BALF cellular counts or in the bacterial load or microbial richness, evenness and α-diversity, while the β-diversity was clearly modified at D10 compared with D0 (before AC administration) and D26 (P < 0.01). The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria increased at D10 (P < 0.01) in comparison with D0 and D26 (P < 0.01). The relative abundance of Firmicutes decreased from D0 to D10 (P < 0.01) and increased from D10 to D26 (P < 0.01), but was still lower than at D0 (P < 0.01). The proportion of Actinobacteria increased at D26 compared with D0 and D10 (P < 0.01). Significant differences between timepoints at the level of family, genus or species were not found. In conclusion, in healthy dogs, oral administration of AC induces significant changes in LM at the phyla level and in the β-diversity. Most changes normalize within 2 weeks after discontinuation of AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Fastrès
- Department of Clinical Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Department of Food Sciences - Microbiology, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Emilie Vangrinsven
- Department of Clinical Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandru-Cosmin Tutunaru
- Department of Clinical Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Moyse
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frederic Farnir
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Department of Food Sciences - Microbiology, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Clercx
- Department of Clinical Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
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Recent progress in experimental and human disease-associated multi-species biofilms. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1234-1244. [PMID: 31921390 PMCID: PMC6944735 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bodies are colonized by trillions of microorganisms, which are often referred to as human microbiota and play important roles in human health. Next generation sequencing studies have established links between the genetic content of human microbiota and various human diseases. However, it remains largely unknown about the spatial organizations and interspecies interactions of individual species within the human microbiota. Bacterial cells tend to form surface-attached biofilms in many natural environments, which enable intercellular communications and interactions in a microbial ecosystem. In this review, we summarize the recent progresses on the experimental and human disease-associated multi-species biofilm studies. We hypothesize that engineering biofilm structures and interspecies interactions might provide a tool for manipulating the composition and function of human microbiota.
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