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Phang HJ, Heimler SR, Scandalis LM, Wing D, Moran R, Nichols JF, Moreno D, Shadel GS, Gage FH, Molina AJA. Protocol for the San Diego Nathan Shock Center Clinical Cohort: a new resource for studies of human aging. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e082659. [PMID: 38925692 PMCID: PMC11202663 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While it is well recognised that aging is a heterogeneous process, our understanding of the determinants of biological aging and its heterogeneity remains unclear. The San Diego Nathan Shock Center (SD-NSC) Clinical Cohort aims to establish a resource of biospecimens and extensive donor clinical data such as physical, cognitive and sensory function to support other studies that aim to explore the heterogeneity of normal human aging and its biological underpinnings. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The SD-NSC Clinical Cohort is composed of 80 individuals across the adult human lifespan. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria are implemented to minimise extrinsic factors that may impede the study of normal aging. Across three visits, participants undergo extensive phenotyping for collection of physical performance, body composition, cognitive function, sensory ability, mental health and haematological data. During these visits, we also collected biospecimens including plasma, platelets, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and fibroblasts for banking and future studies on aging. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval from the UC San Diego School of Medicine Institutional Review Board (IRB #201 141 SHOCK Center Clinical Cohort, PI: Molina) was obtained on 11 November 2020. Written informed consent is obtained from all participants after objectives and procedures of the study have been fully explained. Congruent with the goal of establishing a core resource, biological samples and clinical data are made available to the research community through the SD-NSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Phang
- Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Lina M Scandalis
- Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David Wing
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ryan Moran
- Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jeanne F Nichols
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniel Moreno
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gerald S Shadel
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Fred H Gage
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
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2
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Rattan SIS. Seven knowledge gaps in modern biogerontology. Biogerontology 2024; 25:1-8. [PMID: 38206540 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
About a year ago, members of the editorial board of Biogerontology were requested to respond to a query by the editor-in-chief of the journal as to what one question within their field of ageing research still needs to be asked and answered. This editorial is inspired by the wide range and variety of questions, ideas, comments and suggestions received in response to that query. The seven knowledge gaps identified in this article are arranged into three main categories: evolutionary aspects of longevity, biological survival and death aspects, and heterogeneity in the progression and phenotype of ageing. This is not an exhaustive and exclusive list, and may be modified and expanded. Implications of these knowledge gaps, especially in the context of ongoing attempts to develop effective interventions in ageing and longevity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh I S Rattan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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3
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Chen C, Aldridge RL, Gibson S, Kline J, Aryaprema V, Qualls W, Xue RD, Boardman L, Linthicum KJ, Hahn DA. Developing the radiation-based sterile insect technique (SIT) for controlling Aedes aegypti: identification of a sterilizing dose. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1175-1183. [PMID: 36424673 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sterile insect technique (SIT) is emerging as a tool to supplement traditional pesticide-based control of Aedes aegypti, a prominent mosquito vector of microbes that has increased the global burden of human morbidity and mortality over the past 50 years. SIT relies on rearing, sterilizing and releasing large numbers of male mosquitoes that will mate with fertile wild females, thus reducing production of offspring from the target population. In this study, we investigated the effects of ionizing radiation (gamma) on male and female survival, longevity, mating behavior, and sterility of Ae. aegypti in a dose-response design. This work is a first step towards developing an operational SIT field suppression program against Ae. aegypti in St. Augustine, Florida, USA. RESULTS Exposing late-stage pupae to 50 Gy of radiation yielded 99% male sterility while maintaining similar survival of pupae to adult emergence, adult longevity and male mating competitiveness compared to unirradiated males. Females were completely sterilized at 30 Gy, and when females were dosed with 50 Gy, they had a lower incidence of blood-feeding than unirradiated females. CONCLUSION Our work suggests that an ionizing radiation dose of 50 Gy should be used for future development of operational SIT in our program area because at this dose males are 99% sterile while maintaining mating competitiveness against unirradiated males. Furthermore, females that might be accidentally released with sterile males as a result of errors in sex sorting also are sterile and less likely to blood-feed than unirradiated females at our 50 Gy dose. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert L Aldridge
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Center for Medical, Agricultural, & Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Seth Gibson
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Center for Medical, Agricultural, & Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jedidiah Kline
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Center for Medical, Agricultural, & Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Whitney Qualls
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District, St. Augustine, Florida, USA
| | - Rui-de Xue
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District, St. Augustine, Florida, USA
| | - Leigh Boardman
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences & Center for Biodiversity Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kenneth J Linthicum
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Center for Medical, Agricultural, & Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel A Hahn
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Moldakozhayev A, Gladyshev VN. Metabolism, homeostasis, and aging. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:158-169. [PMID: 36681595 PMCID: PMC11096277 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We propose a two-mode (pursuit/maintenance) model of metabolism defined by usable resource availability. Pursuit, consisting of anabolism and catabolism, dominates when usable resources are plentiful and leads to the generation of metabolic waste. In turn, maintenance of a system is activated by elevated metabolic waste during resource depletion. Interaction with the environment results in pendulum-like swings between these metabolic states in thriveless attempts to maintain the least deleterious organismal state - ephemeral homeostasis. Imperfectness of biological processes during these attempts supports the accumulation of the deleteriome, driving organismal aging. We discuss how metabolic adjustment by the environment and resource stabilization may modulate healthspan and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alibek Moldakozhayev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Nutritional components as mitigators of cellular senescence in organismal aging: a comprehensive review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1089-1109. [PMID: 35756719 PMCID: PMC9206104 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of cellular senescence is rapidly emerging as a modulator of organismal aging and disease. Targeting the development and removal of senescent cells is considered a viable approach to achieving improved organismal healthspan and lifespan. Nutrition and health are intimately linked and an appropriate dietary regimen can greatly impact organismal response to stress and diseases including during aging. With a renewed focus on cellular senescence, emerging studies demonstrate that both primary and secondary nutritional elements such as carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, and probiotics can influence multiple aspects of cellular senescence. The present review describes the recent molecular aspects of cellular senescence-mediated understanding of aging and then studies available evidence of the cellular senescence modulatory attributes of major and minor dietary elements. Underlying pathways and future research directions are deliberated to promote a nutrition-centric approach for targeting cellular senescence and thus improving human health and longevity.
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Grasselli C, Bombelli S, Eriani S, Domenici G, Galluccio R, Tropeano C, De Marco S, Bolognesi MM, Torsello B, Bianchi C, Antolini L, Rossi F, Mazzola P, Leoni V, Bellelli G, Perego RA. DNA damage in circulating hematopoietic progenitor stem cells as promising biological sensor of frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:1279-1286. [PMID: 35137086 PMCID: PMC9255693 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is an age-related syndrome that exposes individuals to increased vulnerability. Although it is potentially reversible, in most cases it leads to negative outcomes, including mortality. The different methods proposed identify frailty after the onset of clinical manifestations. An early diagnosis might make it possible to manage the frailty progression better. The frailty pathophysiology is still unclear although mechanisms, in particular, those linked to inflammation and immunosenescence, have been investigated. A common feature of several clinical aspects involved in senescent organisms is the increase of oxidative stress, described as one of the major causes of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage accumulation in aged cells including the adult stem cell compartment. Likely, this accumulation is implicated in frailty status. The oxidative status of our frail, pre-frail, and non-frail population was characterized. In addition, the DNA damage in hematopoietic cells was evidenced by analyzing the peripheral blood mononuclear cell and their T lymphocyte, monocyte, circulating hematopoietic progenitor stem cell (cHPSC) subpopulations. The phosphorylation of C-terminal of histone H2AX at amino acid Ser 139 (γ-H2AX), which occurs at the DNA double-strand break focus, was evaluated. In our frail population, increased oxidative stress and a high level of DNA damage in cHPSC were found. This study may have potential implications because the increment of DNA damage in cHPSC could be suggestive of an organism impairment preceding the evident frailty. In addition, it may open the possibility for attenuation of frailty progression throughout specific drugs acting on preventing DNA damage or removing damaged cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Grasselli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Bombelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Stefano Eriani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Domenici
- Acute Geriatric Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Riccardo Galluccio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Acute Geriatric Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Tropeano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospital of Desio, ASST-Brianza, Desio, Italy
| | - Sofia De Marco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Antolini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio Rossi
- Immunotransfusional Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Mazzola
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Acute Geriatric Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospital of Desio, ASST-Brianza, Desio, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bellelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Acute Geriatric Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto A Perego
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Glycomic and Glycoproteomic Techniques in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Neurotrauma: Towards Personalized Markers. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030581. [PMID: 35159390 PMCID: PMC8834236 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteome represents all the proteins expressed by a genome, a cell, a tissue, or an organism at any given time under defined physiological or pathological circumstances. Proteomic analysis has provided unparalleled opportunities for the discovery of expression patterns of proteins in a biological system, yielding precise and inclusive data about the system. Advances in the proteomics field opened the door to wider knowledge of the mechanisms underlying various post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, including glycosylation. As of yet, the role of most of these PTMs remains unidentified. In this state-of-the-art review, we present a synopsis of glycosylation processes and the pathophysiological conditions that might ensue secondary to glycosylation shortcomings. The dynamics of protein glycosylation, a crucial mechanism that allows gene and pathway regulation, is described. We also explain how-at a biomolecular level-mutations in glycosylation-related genes may lead to neuropsychiatric manifestations and neurodegenerative disorders. We then analyze the shortcomings of glycoproteomic studies, putting into perspective their downfalls and the different advanced enrichment techniques that emanated to overcome some of these challenges. Furthermore, we summarize studies tackling the association between glycosylation and neuropsychiatric disorders and explore glycoproteomic changes in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We finally conclude with the role of glycomics in the area of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and provide perspectives on the clinical application of glycoproteomics as potential diagnostic tools and their application in personalized medicine.
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8
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Gems D. The hyperfunction theory: An emerging paradigm for the biology of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101557. [PMID: 34990845 PMCID: PMC7612201 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The process of senescence (aging) is predominantly determined by the action of wild-type genes. For most organisms, this does not reflect any adaptive function that senescence serves, but rather evolutionary effects of declining selection against genes with deleterious effects later in life. To understand aging requires an account of how evolutionary mechanisms give rise to pathogenic gene action and late-life disease, that integrates evolutionary (ultimate) and mechanistic (proximate) causes into a single explanation. A well-supported evolutionary explanation by G.C. Williams argues that senescence can evolve due to pleiotropic effects of alleles with antagonistic effects on fitness and late-life health (antagonistic pleiotropy, AP). What has remained unclear is how gene action gives rise to late-life disease pathophysiology. One ultimate-proximate account is T.B.L. Kirkwood's disposable soma theory. Based on the hypothesis that stochastic molecular damage causes senescence, this reasons that aging is coupled to reproductive fitness due to preferential investment of resources into reproduction, rather than somatic maintenance. An alternative and more recent ultimate-proximate theory argues that aging is largely caused by programmatic, developmental-type mechanisms. Here ideas about AP and programmatic aging are reviewed, particularly those of M.V. Blagosklonny (the hyperfunction theory) and J.P. de Magalhães (the developmental theory), and their capacity to make sense of diverse experimental findings is assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gems
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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9
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Handelin extends lifespan and healthspan of Caenorhabditis elegans by reducing ROS generation and improving motor function. Biogerontology 2022; 23:115-128. [PMID: 35038074 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09950-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging and aging-related disorders contribute to formidable socioeconomic and healthcare challenges. Several promising small molecules have been identified to target conserved genetic pathways delaying aging to extend lifespan and healthspan in many organisms. We previously found that extract from an edible and medicinal plant Chrysanthemum indicum L. (C. indicum L.) protect skin from UVB-induced photoaging, partially by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Thus, we hypothesized that C. indicum L. and its biological active compound may extend lifespan and health span in vivo. We find that both water and ethanol extracts from C. indicum L. extended lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans, with better biological effect on life extending for ethanol extracts. As one of the major biological active compounds, handelin extended lifespan of C. elegans too. RNA-seq analysis revealed overall gene expression change of C. elegans post stimulation of handelin focus on several antioxidative proteins. Handelin significantly reduced ROS level and maintained the number and morphology of mitochondria. Moreover, handelin improveed many C. elegans behaviors related to healthspan, including increased pharyngeal pumping and body movement. Muscle fiber imaging analyses revealed that handelin maintains muscle architecture by stabilizing myofilaments. In conclusion, our present study finds a novel compound handelin, from C. indicum L., which bring about biologically beneficial effects by mild stress response, termed as hormetin, that can extend both lifespan and healthspan in vivo on C. elegans. Further study on mammal animal model of natural aging or sarcopenia will verify the potential clinical value of handelin.
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10
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Shadel GS, Adams PD, Berggren WT, Diedrich JK, Diffenderfer KE, Gage FH, Hah N, Hansen M, Hetzer MW, Molina AJA, Manor U, Marek K, O'Keefe DD, Pinto AFM, Sacco A, Sharpee TO, Shokriev MN, Zambetti S. The San Diego Nathan Shock Center: tackling the heterogeneity of aging. GeroScience 2021; 43:2139-2148. [PMID: 34370163 PMCID: PMC8599742 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding basic mechanisms of aging holds great promise for developing interventions that prevent or delay many age-related declines and diseases simultaneously to increase human healthspan. However, a major confounding factor in aging research is the heterogeneity of the aging process itself. At the organismal level, it is clear that chronological age does not always predict biological age or susceptibility to frailty or pathology. While genetics and environment are major factors driving variable rates of aging, additional complexity arises because different organs, tissues, and cell types are intrinsically heterogeneous and exhibit different aging trajectories normally or in response to the stresses of the aging process (e.g., damage accumulation). Tackling the heterogeneity of aging requires new and specialized tools (e.g., single-cell analyses, mass spectrometry-based approaches, and advanced imaging) to identify novel signatures of aging across scales. Cutting-edge computational approaches are then needed to integrate these disparate datasets and elucidate network interactions between known aging hallmarks. There is also a need for improved, human cell-based models of aging to ensure that basic research findings are relevant to human aging and healthspan interventions. The San Diego Nathan Shock Center (SD-NSC) provides access to cutting-edge scientific resources to facilitate the study of the heterogeneity of aging in general and to promote the use of novel human cell models of aging. The center also has a robust Research Development Core that funds pilot projects on the heterogeneity of aging and organizes innovative training activities, including workshops and a personalized mentoring program, to help investigators new to the aging field succeed. Finally, the SD-NSC participates in outreach activities to educate the general community about the importance of aging research and promote the need for basic biology of aging research in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald S Shadel
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Peter D Adams
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - W Travis Berggren
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kenneth E Diffenderfer
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Fred H Gage
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Malene Hansen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Martin W Hetzer
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Anthony J A Molina
- Divison of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Uri Manor
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kurt Marek
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - David D O'Keefe
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Alessandra Sacco
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tatyana O Sharpee
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Maxim N Shokriev
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Stefania Zambetti
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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Female Mice Reaching Exceptionally High Old Age Have Preserved 20S Proteasome Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091397. [PMID: 34573029 PMCID: PMC8472714 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidized, damaged and misfolded proteins accumulate during aging and contribute to impaired cell function and tissue homeodynamics. Damaged proteins are degraded by cellular clearance mechanisms like the 20S proteasome. Aging relates to low 20S proteasome function, whereas long-lived species show high levels. However, contradictory results exist depending on the tissue or cell type and it is unknown how the 20S proteasome functions in exceptionally old mice. The aim of this study was to investigate two proteasome activities (caspase-like and chymotrypsin-like) in several tissues (lung, heart, axillary lymph nodes, liver, kidney) and cells (peritoneal leukocytes) from adult (28 ± 4 weeks, n = 12), old (76 ± 4 weeks, n = 9) and exceptionally old (128 ± 4 weeks, n = 9) BALB/c female mice. The results show different age-related changes depending on the tissue and the activity considered, so there is no universal decline in proteasome function with age in female mice. Interestingly, exceptionally old mice displayed better maintained proteasome activities, suggesting that preserved 20S proteasome is associated with successful aging.
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12
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Young and Undamaged rMSA Improves the Healthspan and Lifespan of Mice. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081191. [PMID: 34439857 PMCID: PMC8394218 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvement of longevity is an eternal dream of human beings. The accumulation of protein damages is considered as a major cause of aging. Here, we report that the injection of exogenous recombinant mouse serum albumin (rMSA) reduced the total damages of serum albumin in C57BL/6N mice, with higher level of free-thiols, lower levels of carbonyls and advanced glycation end-products as well as homocysteines in rMSA-treated mice. The healthspan and lifespan of C57BL/6N mice were significantly improved by rMSA. The grip strength of rMSA-treated female and male mice increased by 29.6% and 17.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, the percentage of successful escape increased 23.0% in rMSA-treated male mice using the Barnes Maze test. Moreover, the median lifespan extensions were 17.6% for female and 20.3% for male, respectively. The rMSA used in this study is young and almost undamaged. We define the concept “young and undamaged” to any protein without any unnecessary modifications by four parameters: intact free thiol (if any), no carbonylation, no advanced glycation end-product, and no homocysteinylation. Here, “young and undamaged” exogenous rMSA used in the present study is much younger and less damaged than the endogenous serum albumin purified from young mice at 1.5 months of age. We predict that undamaged proteins altogether can further improve the healthspan and lifespan of mice.
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Cohen AA, Legault V, Fülöp T. What if there’s no such thing as “aging”? Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yanar K, Atayik MC, Simsek B, Çakatay U. Novel biomarkers for the evaluation of aging-induced proteinopathies. Biogerontology 2020; 21:531-548. [PMID: 32274599 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteinopathies are characterized by aging related accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates. Irreversible covalent modifications of aging proteins may significantly affect the native three dimentional conformation of proteins, alter their function and lead to accumulation of misfolded protein as dysfunctional aggregates. Protein misfolding and accumulation of aberrant proteins are known to be associated with aging-induced proteinopathies such as amyloid ß and tau proteins in Alzheimer's disease, α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease and islet amyloid polypeptides in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Protein oxidation processes such as S-nitrosylation, dityrosine formation and some of the newly elucidated processes such as carbamylation and citrullination recently drew the attention of researchers in the field of Gerontology. Studying over these processes and illuminating their relations between proteinopathies may help to diagnose early and even to treat age related disorders. Therefore, we have chosen to concentrate on aging-induced proteinopathic nature of these novel protein modifications in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Yanar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Can Atayik
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Medical Program, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Simsek
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Medical Program, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Çakatay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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15
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Yu Q, He Z, Zubkov D, Huang S, Kurochkin I, Yang X, Halene T, Willmitzer L, Giavalisco P, Akbarian S, Khaitovich P. Lipidome alterations in human prefrontal cortex during development, aging, and cognitive disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2952-2969. [PMID: 30089790 PMCID: PMC7577858 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are essential to brain functions, yet they remain largely unexplored. Here we investigated the lipidome composition of prefrontal cortex gray matter in 396 cognitively healthy individuals with ages spanning 100 years, as well as 67 adult individuals diagnosed with autism (ASD), schizophrenia (SZ), and Down syndrome (DS). Of the 5024 detected lipids, 95% showed significant age-dependent concentration differences clustering into four temporal stages, and resulting in a gradual increase in membrane fluidity in individuals ranging from newborn to nonagenarian. Aging affects 14% of the brain lipidome with late-life changes starting predominantly at 50-55 years of age-a period of general metabolic transition. All three diseases alter the brain lipidome composition, leading-among other things-to a concentration decrease in glycerophospholipid metabolism and endocannabinoid signaling pathways. Lipid concentration decreases in SZ were further linked to genetic variants associated with disease, indicating the relevance of the lipidome changes to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Yu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China ,grid.419092.70000 0004 0467 2285CAS Key Laboratory of Compstudy has been deposited in the National Omics Datautational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, SIBS, CAS, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Zhisong He
- grid.419092.70000 0004 0467 2285CAS Key Laboratory of Compstudy has been deposited in the National Omics Datautational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, SIBS, CAS, Shanghai, 200031 China ,grid.454320.40000 0004 0555 3608Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143028 Russia
| | - Dmitry Zubkov
- grid.454320.40000 0004 0555 3608Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143028 Russia
| | - Shuyun Huang
- grid.419092.70000 0004 0467 2285CAS Key Laboratory of Compstudy has been deposited in the National Omics Datautational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, SIBS, CAS, Shanghai, 200031 China ,grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Ilia Kurochkin
- grid.454320.40000 0004 0555 3608Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143028 Russia
| | - Xiaode Yang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China ,grid.419092.70000 0004 0467 2285CAS Key Laboratory of Compstudy has been deposited in the National Omics Datautational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, SIBS, CAS, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Tobias Halene
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Lothar Willmitzer
- grid.418390.70000 0004 0491 976XMax Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476 Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Philipp Khaitovich
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143028, Russia. .,ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany. .,Comparative Biology Group, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, SIBS, CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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16
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Naive extrapolations, overhyped claims and empty promises in ageing research and interventions need avoidance. Biogerontology 2019; 21:415-421. [PMID: 31773357 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09851-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most proclamations about another wonder breakthrough and another imminent miracle treatment of ageing are usually overhyped claims and empty promises. It is not that the experimental science behind those claims is totally wrong or fake. But it is often a case of being ahistorical and ignoring the cumulated knowledge and understanding of the evolutionary and biological principles of ageing and longevity. Furthermore, remaining stuck to the body-as-a-machine viewpoint reduces ageing and its associated health challenges to a mere problem of engineering and design. However, highly dynamic nature of the living systems with properties of interaction, interdependence, tolerance, adaptation and constant remodelling requires wholistic and interactive modes of understanding and maintaining health. The physiological relevance and significance of progressively accumulating molecular damage remains to be fully understood. As for ageing interventions, the three pillars of health-food, physical activity, and social and mental engagement-which actually show health-promoting effect, cannot simply be reduced to a single or a limited number of molecular targets with hopes of creating an exercise pill, a fasting pill, a happiness pill and so on. If we want to increase the credibility and socio-political-economic support of ageing research and interventions, we need to resist the temptation to overhype the claims or to make far-fetched promises, which undermine the theoretical and practical significance of new discoveries in biogerontology.
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Boccardi M, Boccardi V. Psychological Wellbeing and Healthy Aging: Focus on Telomeres. Geriatrics (Basel) 2019; 4:geriatrics4010025. [PMID: 31023993 PMCID: PMC6473912 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics4010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress and depression are known to modulate the aging process, and might also affect telomere biology. In fact, exposure to some biochemical pathways involved in stress-related depression may contribute to an ‘‘accelerated aging” phenotype, as well as the incidence of age-related diseases, including metabolic disorders and dementia. Basic studies support the notion that the telomere and telomerase system plays a pivotal role in the aging process and disease promotion. Interestingly, short and dysfunctional telomeres are associated with reduced lifespan, as shown in animal models. In this context, telomeres are very sensitive to stress, mindset, and lifestyle, and their rescue may be sufficient to restore cell and organism viability. This mini-review discusses conceptual models of healthy and active aging and their relationship with telomere biology and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Boccardi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Virginia Boccardi
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 60132 Perugia, Italy.
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18
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Salinari G, Ruiu G. The effect of disease burden on the speed of aging: an analysis of the Sardinian mortality transition. GENUS 2018; 74:9. [PMID: 30147125 PMCID: PMC6097800 DOI: 10.1186/s41118-018-0028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the constant senescence hypothesis, senescence cannot be accelerated or decelerated by exogenous factors. Two contrasting theories have been proposed in the literature. According to the inflammaging theory, those individuals who have experienced a higher antigenic load will experience more rapid senescence. Instead, the calorie restriction theory stresses that excessive daily calorie intake can produce an acceleration in senescence. To test these theories, this paper analyzes the evolution of the rate of aging in Sardinia (Italy). In this population, the epidemiological transition started without any substantial modification in nutritional levels. This allows us to test the constant senescence hypothesis against the inflammaging theory, without the possible confounding effect produced by the nutrition transition. To accomplish this aim, the longitudinal life tables from 80 years onwards for Sardinian cohorts born between 1866 and 1908 were reconstituted. They were then used to estimate the rate of aging by means of the Gamma-Gompertz model. Coherently with the inflammaging theory, the results show that the Sardinian population experienced a dramatic decrease in the rate of aging that coincided with the onset of the epidemiological transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giambattista Salinari
- Department of Economics and Business, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 25, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ruiu
- Department of Economics and Business, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 25, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Rattan SIS. Biogerontology: research status, challenges and opportunities. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2018; 89:291-301. [PMID: 29957767 PMCID: PMC6179011 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v89i2.7403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Biogerontology is the study of the biological basis of ageing and age-related diseases. The phenomenon and the process of ageing are well understood in evolutionary and biological terms; and a conceptual framework has been established within which general principles of ageing and longevity can be formulated. The phenotype of ageing in terms of progressive loss of physical function and fitness is best seen during the period of survival after the evolution-determined essential lifespan (ELS) of a species. However, the ageing phenotype is highly heterogenous and individualistic at all levels from the whole body to the molecular one. Most significantly, the process and the progression of ageing are not determined by any specific gerontogenes. Ageing is the result of imperfect maintenance and repair systems that allow a progressive shrinkage of the homeodynamic space of an individual. The challenge is to develop and apply wholistic approaches to the complex trait of ageing for maintaining and/or improving health. One such approach is that of mild stress-induced physiological hormesis by physical, mental and nutritional hormetins. Biogerontological research offers numerous opportunities for developing evidence-based novel biomedical technologies for maintaining and improving health, for preventing the onset of age-related diseases, and for extending the health-span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh I S Rattan
- Laboratory of Cellular Ageing, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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20
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Bräuer S, Zimyanin V, Hermann A. Prion-like properties of disease-relevant proteins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:591-613. [PMID: 29417336 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hallmark of age-related neurodegenerative diseases is the appearance of cellular protein deposits and spreading of this pathology throughout the central nervous system. Growing evidence has shown the involvement and critical role of proteins with prion-like properties in the formation of these characteristic cellular aggregates. Prion-like domains of such proteins with their proposed function in the organization of membraneless organelles are prone for misfolding and promoting further aggregation. Spreading of these toxic aggregates between cells and across tissues can explain the progression of clinical phenotypes and pathology in a stereotypical manner, characteristic for almost every neurodegenerative disease. Here, we want to review the current evidence for the role of prion-like mechanisms in classical neurodegenerative diseases and ALS in particular. We will also discuss an intriguingly central role of the protein TDP-43 in the majority of cases of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bräuer
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, 01129, Dresden, Germany
| | - V Zimyanin
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Hermann
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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21
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Sklirou AD, Gaboriaud-Kolar N, Papassideri I, Skaltsounis AL, Trougakos IP. 6-bromo-indirubin-3'-oxime (6BIO), a Glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor, activates cytoprotective cellular modules and suppresses cellular senescence-mediated biomolecular damage in human fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11713. [PMID: 28916781 PMCID: PMC5601901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As genetic interventions or extended caloric restriction cannot be applied in humans, many studies have been devoted to the identification of natural products that can prolong healthspan. 6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime (6BIO), a hemi-synthetic derivative of indirubins found in edible mollusks and plants, is a potent inhibitor of Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (Gsk-3β). This pleiotropic kinase has been implicated in various age-related diseases including tumorigenesis, neurodegeneration and diabetes. Accordingly, 6BIO has shown anti-tumor and anti-neurodegenerative activities; nevertheless, the potential role of 6BIO in normal human cells senescence remains largely unknown. We report herein that treatment of human diploid skin fibroblasts with 6BIO reduced the oxidative load, conferred protection against oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage, and it also promoted the activation of antioxidant and proteostatic modules; these effects were largely phenocopied by genetic inhibition of Gsk-3. Furthermore, prolonged treatment of cells with 6BIO, although it decreased the rate of cell cycling, it significantly suppressed cellular senescence-related accumulation of biomolecular damage. Taken together, our presented findings suggest that 6BIO is a novel activator of antioxidant responses and of the proteostasis network in normal human cells; moreover, and given the low levels of biomolecules damage in 6BIO treated senescing cells, this compound likely exerts anti-tumor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimilia D Sklirou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15784, Greece
| | - Nicolas Gaboriaud-Kolar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Issidora Papassideri
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15784, Greece
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15784, Greece.
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22
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Santos AL, Lindner AB. Protein Posttranslational Modifications: Roles in Aging and Age-Related Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5716409. [PMID: 28894508 PMCID: PMC5574318 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5716409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the progressive decline of biochemical and physiological function in an individual. Consequently, aging is a major risk factor for diseases like cancer, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging are not well understood, nor is the relationship between aging and the onset of diseases. One of the hallmarks of aging is a decrease in cellular proteome homeostasis, allowing abnormal proteins to accumulate. This phenomenon is observed in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, suggesting that the underlying molecular processes are evolutionarily conserved. Similar protein aggregation occurs in the pathogenesis of diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Further, protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs), either spontaneous or physiological/pathological, are emerging as important markers of aging and aging-related diseases, though clear causality has not yet been firmly established. This review presents an overview of the interplay of PTMs in aging-associated molecular processes in eukaryotic aging models. Understanding PTM roles in aging could facilitate targeted therapies or interventions for age-related diseases. In addition, the study of PTMs in prokaryotes is highlighted, revealing the potential of simple prokaryotic models to uncover complex aging-associated molecular processes in the emerging field of microbiogerontology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Santos
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1001, Université Paris Descartes and Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ariel B. Lindner
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1001, Université Paris Descartes and Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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23
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Lee SG, Kaya A, Avanesov AS, Podolskiy DI, Song EJ, Go DM, Jin GD, Hwang JY, Kim EB, Kim DY, Gladyshev VN. Age-associated molecular changes are deleterious and may modulate life span through diet. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1601833. [PMID: 28232953 PMCID: PMC5315447 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Transition through life span is accompanied by numerous molecular changes, such as dysregulated gene expression, altered metabolite levels, and accumulated molecular damage. These changes are thought to be causal factors in aging; however, because they are numerous and are also influenced by genotype, environment, and other factors in addition to age, it is difficult to characterize the cumulative effect of these molecular changes on longevity. We reasoned that age-associated changes, such as molecular damage and tissue composition, may influence life span when used in the diet of organisms that are closely related to those that serve as a dietary source. To test this possibility, we used species-specific culture media and diets that incorporated molecular extracts of young and old organisms and compared the influence of these diets on the life span of yeast, fruitflies, and mice. In each case, the "old" diet or medium shortened the life span for one or both sexes. These findings suggest that age-associated molecular changes, such as cumulative damage and altered dietary composition, are deleterious and causally linked with aging and may affect life span through diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Goo Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Alaattin Kaya
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrei S. Avanesov
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dmitriy I. Podolskiy
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eun Ju Song
- Ewha Laboratory Animal Genomic Center, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences and Technology, Office of Research Affairs, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Du-Min Go
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Gwi-Deuk Jin
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Eun Bae Kim
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
- Division of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Anti-aging Role of Curcumin by Modulating the Inflammatory Markers in Albino Wistar Rats. J Natl Med Assoc 2017; 109:9-13. [PMID: 28259223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Advanced age is associated with an accumulation of free radical damage, which leads to physiological and clinical modifications. Numerous pharmaceutical and nutraceuticals are considered to influence longevity and prompting healthy ageing. Therefore, the current study attempted to investigate Curcumin's role in the inflammatory indices as anti-ageing marker in albino Wistar rats. METHODS Twelve months old rats were used in the study, grouped as Normal control (NC), Sham control (SC), Curcumin-1, Curcumin-2 and Curcumin-3. Last three groups received Curcumin at the dosages of 100 mg, 200 mg and 400 mg/kg body weight respectively. After six months of intervention, blood was collected for the estimation of C-reactive protein (CRP), Serum Albumin, Globulin, Lymphocyte percentage, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Nitric Oxide (NO) level using standard procedures. RESULTS There was a significant decline in the CRP level (p < 0.05) in rats treated with 200 mg and 400 mg of Curcumin/kg body weight. The MDA level was found to be significantly increased (p < 0.05) in animals fed with 400 mg of Curcumin/kg body weight as compared to NC. The NO level was increased significantly (p < 0.05) in rats treated with 200 and 400 mg of Curcumin/kg body weight. CONCLUSION Finding of the study suggests that Curcumin exhibits favorable influence in slowing down of ageing process by suppressing age-related changes in inflammatory indices.
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Abstract
Clinical Scenario: Even though chronological aging is an inevitable phenomenological consequence occurring in every living organism, it is biological aging that may be the most significant factor challenging our quality of life. Development of functional limitations, resulting from improper maintenance and restoration of various organ systems, ultimately leads to reduced health and independence. Skeletal muscle is an organ system that, when challenged, is often injured in response to varying stimuli. Overt muscle-strain injury can be traumatic, clinically diagnosable, properly managed, and a remarkably common event, yet our contemporary understanding of how age and environmental stressors affect the initial and subsequent induction of injury and how the biological processes resulting from this event are modifiable and, eventually, lead to functional restoration and healing of skeletal muscle and adjacent tissues is presently unclear. Even though the secondary injury response to and recovery from "contraction-induced" skeletal-muscle injury are impaired with aging, there is no scientific consensus as to the exact mechanism responsible for this event. Given the multitude of investigative approaches, particular consideration given to the appropriateness of the muscle-injury model, or research paradigm, is critical so that outcomes may be physiologically relevant and translational. In this case, methods implementing stretch-shortening contractions, the most common form of muscle movements used by all mammals during physical movement, work, and activity, are highlighted. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Understanding the fundamental evidence regarding how aging influences the responsivity of skeletal muscle to strain injury is vital for informing how clinicians approach and implement preventive strategies, as well as therapeutic interventions. From a practical perspective, maintaining or improving the overall health and tissue quality of skeletal muscle as one ages will positively affect skeletal muscle's safety threshold and responsivity, which may reduce incidence of injury, improve recovery time, and lessen overall fiscal burdens.
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Abstract
Why do cells age? Recent advances show that the cytoplasm is organized into many membrane‐less compartments via a process known as phase separation, which ensures spatiotemporal control over diffusion‐limited biochemical reactions. Although phase separation is a powerful mechanism to organize biochemical reactions, it comes with the trade‐off that it is extremely sensitive to changes in physical‐chemical parameters, such as protein concentration, pH, or cellular energy levels. Here, we highlight recent findings showing that age‐related neurodegenerative diseases are linked to aberrant phase transitions in neurons. We discuss how these aberrant phase transitions could be tied to a failure to maintain physiological physical‐chemical conditions. We generalize this idea to suggest that the process of cellular aging involves a progressive loss of the organization of phase‐separated compartments in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Alberti
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anthony A Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
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27
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Abstract
Aging is a universal phenomenon in metazoans, characterized by a general decline of the organism physiology associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Aging of an organism correlates with a decline in function of its cells, as shown for muscle, immune, and neuronal cells. As the DNA content of most cells within an organism remains largely identical throughout the life span, age-associated transcriptional changes must be achieved by epigenetic mechanisms. However, how aging may impact on the epigenetic state of cells is only beginning to be understood. In light of a growing number of studies demonstrating that noncoding RNAs can provide molecular signals that regulate expression of protein-coding genes and define epigenetic states of cells, we hypothesize that noncoding RNAs could play a direct role in inducing age-associated profiles of gene expression. In this context, the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as regulators of gene expression might be important for the overall transcriptional landscape observed in aged human cells. The possible functions of lncRNAs and other noncoding RNAs, and their roles in the regulation of aging-related cellular pathways will be analyzed.
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28
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Hanson MA, Cooper C, Aihie Sayer A, Eendebak RJ, Clough GF, Beard JR. Developmental aspects of a life course approach to healthy ageing. J Physiol 2016; 594:2147-60. [PMID: 26518329 DOI: 10.1113/jp270579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We examine the mechanistic basis and wider implications of adopting a developmental perspective on human ageing. Previous models of ageing have concentrated on its genetic basis, or the detrimental effects of accumulated damage, but also have raised issues about whether ageing can be viewed as adaptive itself, or is a consequence of other adaptive processes, for example if maintenance and repair processes in the period up to reproduction are traded off against later decline in function. A life course model places ageing in the context of the attainment of peak capacity for a body system, starting in early development when plasticity permits changes in structure and function induced by a range of environmental stimuli, followed by a period of decline, the rate of which depends on the peak attained as well as the later life conditions. Such path dependency in the rate of ageing may offer new insights into its modification. Focusing on musculoskeletal and cardiovascular function, we discuss this model and the possible underlying mechanisms, including endothelial function, oxidative stress, stem cells and nutritional factors such as vitamin D status. Epigenetic changes induced during developmental plasticity, and immune function may provide a common mechanistic process underlying a life course model of ageing. The life course trajectory differs in high and low resource settings. New insights into the developmental components of the life course model of ageing may lead to the design of biomarkers of later chronic disease risk and to new interventions to promote healthy ageing, with important implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hanson
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK
| | - C Cooper
- NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital Southampton, UK
| | - A Aihie Sayer
- NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital Southampton, UK
| | - R J Eendebak
- Andrology Research Unit, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Old St Mary's Building, Hathersage Road, Manchester, UK
| | - G F Clough
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - J R Beard
- Department of Ageing and Lifecourse, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland
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Unno K. Prevention of brain aging by green tea components: Role of catechins and theanine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.5.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Unno
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Which Is the Most Significant Cause of Aging? Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:793-810. [PMID: 26783959 PMCID: PMC4712935 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It becomes clearer and clearer that aging is a result of a significant number of causes and it would seem that counteracting one or several of them should not make a significant difference. Taken at face value, this suggests, for example, that free radicals and reactive oxygen species do not play a significant role in aging and that the lifespan of organisms cannot be significantly extended. In this review, I point to the fact that the causes of aging synergize with each other and discuss the implications involved. One implication is that when two or more synergizing causes increase over time, the result of their action increases dramatically; I discuss a simple model demonstrating this. It is reasonable to conclude that this might explain the acceleration of aging and mortality with age. In this regard, the analysis of results and mortality patterns described in studies involving yeasts and Drosophila provides support for this view. Since the causes of aging are synergizing, it is also concluded that none of them is the major one but many including free radicals, etc. play significant roles. It follows that health/lifespan might be significantly extended if we eliminate or even attenuate the increase of a few or even just one of the causes of aging. While the synergism between the causes of aging is the main topic of this review, several related matters are briefly discussed as well.
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Abstract
Physiological senescence is characterized by the increasing limitation of capabilities of an organism resulting from the progressive accumulation of molecular damage, which at group (cohort) level translates into, among other things, an increase in mortality risks with age. Physiological senescence is generally thought to begin at birth, if not earlier, but models of demographic aging (i.e., an increase in mortality risks) normally start at considerably later ages. This apparent inconsistency can be solved by assuming the existence of two mortality regimes: "latent" and "manifest" aging. Up to a certain age, there is only latent aging: physiological senescence occurs, but its low level does not trigger any measurable increase in mortality. Past a certain level (and age), molecular damage is such that mortality risks start to increase. We first discuss why this transition from latent to manifest aging should exist at all, and then we turn to the empirical estimation of the corresponding threshold age by applying Bai's approach to the estimation of breakpoints in time series. Our analysis, which covers several cohorts born between 1850 and 1938 in 14 of the countries included in the Human Mortality Database, indicates that an age at the onset of manifest aging can be identified. However, it has not remained constant: it has declined from about 43 and 47 years, respectively, for males and females at the beginning of the period (cohorts born in 1850-1869) to about 31 for both males and females toward its end (cohorts born in 1920-1938). A discussion of why this may have happened ensues.
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Sousa-Victor P, García-Prat L, Serrano AL, Perdiguero E, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Muscle stem cell aging: regulation and rejuvenation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:287-96. [PMID: 25869211 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive decline of physiological integrity leading to the loss of tissue function and vulnerability to disease, but its causes remain poorly understood. Skeletal muscle has an outstanding regenerative capacity that relies on its resident stem cells (satellite cells). This capacity declines with aging, and recent discoveries have redefined our view of why this occurs. Here, we discuss how an interconnection of extrinsic changes in the systemic and local environment and cell-intrinsic mechanisms might provoke failure of normal muscle stem cell functions with aging. We focus particularly on the emergent biology of rejuvenation of old satellite cells, including cells of geriatric age, by restoring traits of youthfulness, with the final goal of improving human health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Sousa-Victor
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA; Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura García-Prat
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio L Serrano
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eusebio Perdiguero
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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Nedić O, Rogowska-Wrzesinska A, Rattan SIS. Standardization and quality control in quantifying non-enzymatic oxidative protein modifications in relation to ageing and disease: Why is it important and why is it hard? Redox Biol 2015; 5:91-100. [PMID: 25909343 PMCID: PMC4412909 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTM) of proteins determine the activity, stability, specificity, transportability and lifespan of a protein. Some PTM are highly specific and regulated involving various enzymatic pathways, but there are other non-enzymatic PTM (nePTM), which occur stochastically, depend on the ternary structure of proteins and can be damaging. It is often observed that inactive and abnormal proteins accumulate in old cells and tissues. The nature, site and extent of nePTM give rise to a population of that specific protein with alterations in structure and function ranging from being fully active to totally inactive molecules. Determination of the type and the amount (abundance) of nePTM is essential for establishing connection between specific protein structure and specific biological role. This article summarizes analytical demands for reliable quantification of nePTM, including requirements for the assay performance, standardization and quality control, and points to the difficulties, uncertainties and un-resolved issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgica Nedić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Suresh I S Rattan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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The amazing ubiquitin-proteasome system: structural components and implication in aging. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 314:171-237. [PMID: 25619718 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Proteome quality control (PQC) is critical for the maintenance of cellular functionality and it is assured by the curating activity of the proteostasis network (PN). PN is constituted of several complex protein machines that under conditions of proteome instability aim to, firstly identify, and then, either rescue or degrade nonnative polypeptides. Central to the PN functionality is the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) which is composed from the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and the proteasome; the latter is a sophisticated multi-subunit molecular machine that functions in a bimodal way as it degrades both short-lived ubiquitinated normal proteins and nonfunctional polypeptides. UPS is also involved in PQC of the nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria and it also interacts with the other main cellular degradation axis, namely the autophagy-lysosome system. UPS functionality is optimum in the young organism but it is gradually compromised during aging resulting in increasing proteotoxic stress; these effects correlate not only with aging but also with most age-related diseases. Herein, we present a synopsis of the UPS components and of their functional alterations during cellular senescence or in vivo aging. We propose that mild UPS activation in the young organism will, likely, promote antiaging effects and/or suppress age-related diseases.
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Abstract
Ageing occurs in spite of complex pathways of maintenance and repair. There is no "enemy within", which has the specific evolution-selected function to cause ageing and death. This understanding of ageing should transform our approach towards interventions from therapeutic "anti-ageing" to maintaining health. But what is health? Ideally, health is a state of complete physical and mental independence in activities of daily living. But in pragmatic terms, health is a state of adequate physical and mental independence in activities of daily living. In order to identify a set of measurable, evidence-based and demonstratable parameters of health, robustness and resilience at various levels, the concept of homeodynamic space can be a useful one. Age-related health problems for which there are no clear-cut causative agents, except the complex process of ageing, may be better tackled by focusing on health mechanisms and their maintenance, rather than disease management and treatment. Continuing the disease-oriented research approaches are economically, socially and psychologically unsustainable as compared with health-oriented and preventive strategies, such as hormesis. Supporting health-oriented research is the urgency of our time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh I S Rattan
- Laboratory of Cellular Ageing, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark,
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Rattan SIS. Aging is not a disease: implications for intervention. Aging Dis 2014; 5:196-202. [PMID: 24900942 PMCID: PMC4037311 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.0500196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging of biological systems occurs in spite of numerous complex pathways of maintenance, repair and defense. There are no gerontogenes which have the specific evolutionary function to cause aging. Although aging is the common cause of all age-related diseases, aging in itself cannot be considered a disease. This understanding of aging as a process should transform our approach towards interventions from developing illusory anti-aging treatments to developing realistic and practical methods for maintaining health throughout the lifespan. The concept of homeodynamic space can be a useful one in order to identify a set of measurable, evidence-based and demonstratable parameters of health, robustness and resilience. Age-induced health problems, for which there are no other clear-cut causative agents, may be better tackled by focusing on health mechanisms and their maintenance, rather than only disease management and treatment. Continuing the disease-oriented research and treatment approaches, as opposed to health-oriented and preventive strategies, are economically, socially and psychologically unsustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh I. S. Rattan
- Laboratory of Cellular Ageing, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Torrão RC, Bennett SJ, Brown JE, Griffiths HR. Does metabolic reprogramming underpin age-associated changes in T cell phenotype and function? Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:26-35. [PMID: 24632379 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
T cells are required for an effective adaptive immune response. The principal function of T cells is to promote efficient removal of foreign material by identifying and mounting a specific response to nonself. A decline in T cell function in aging is thought to contribute to reduced response to infection and vaccination and an increase in autoimmunity. This may in part be due to the age-related decrease in naïve CD4(+) T cells and increase in antigen-experienced CD4(+) T cells, loss of redox homeostasis, and impaired metabolic switching. Switching between subsets is triggered by the integration of extracellular signals sensed through surface receptors and the activation of discrete intracellular metabolic pathways. This article explores how metabolic programming and loss of redox homeostasis during aging may contribute to age-associated changes in T cell phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita C Torrão
- Life and Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, West Midlands, UK
| | - Stuart J Bennett
- Life and Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, West Midlands, UK
| | - James E Brown
- Life and Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, West Midlands, UK
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Life and Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, West Midlands, UK.
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Avanesov AS, Ma S, Pierce KA, Yim SH, Lee BC, Clish CB, Gladyshev VN. Age- and diet-associated metabolome remodeling characterizes the aging process driven by damage accumulation. eLife 2014; 3:e02077. [PMID: 24843015 PMCID: PMC4003482 DOI: 10.7554/elife.02077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is thought to be associated with increased molecular damage, but representative markers vary across conditions and organisms, making it difficult to assess properties of cumulative damage throughout lifespan. We used nontargeted metabolite profiling to follow age-associated trajectories of >15,000 metabolites in Drosophila subjected to control and lifespan-extending diets. We find that aging is associated with increased metabolite diversity and low-abundance molecules, suggesting they include cumulative damage. Remarkably, the number of detected compounds leveled-off in late-life, and this pattern associated with survivorship. Fourteen percent of metabolites showed age-associated changes, which decelerated in late-life and long-lived flies. In contrast, known metabolites changed in abundance similarly to nontargeted metabolites and transcripts, but did not increase in diversity. Targeted profiling also revealed slower metabolism and accumulation of lifespan-limiting molecules. Thus, aging is characterized by gradual metabolome remodeling, and condition- and advanced age-associated deceleration of this remodeling is linked to mortality and molecular damage.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02077.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei S Avanesov
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Siming Ma
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | | | - Sun Hee Yim
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Byung Cheon Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | | | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States Broad Institute, Cambridge, United States
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40
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Choi EM, Suh KS, Rhee SY, Kim YS. Sciadopitysin alleviates methylglyoxal-mediated glycation in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells by enhancing glyoxalase system and mitochondrial biogenesis. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:729-39. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.903562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Argyropoulou A, Aligiannis N, Trougakos IP, Skaltsounis AL. Natural compounds with anti-ageing activity. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 30:1412-37. [PMID: 24056714 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70031c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex molecular process driven by diverse molecular pathways and biochemical events that are promoted by both environmental and genetic factors. Specifically, ageing is defined as a time-dependent decline of functional capacity and stress resistance, associated with increased chance of morbidity and mortality. These effects relate to age-related gradual accumulation of stressors that result in increasingly damaged biomolecules which eventually compromise cellular homeostasis. Nevertheless, the findings that genetic or diet interventions can increase lifespan in evolutionarily diverse organisms indicate that mortality can be postponed. Natural compounds represent an extraordinary inventory of high diversity structural scaffolds that can offer promising candidate chemical entities in the major healthcare challenge of increasing health span and/or delaying ageing. Herein, those natural compounds (either pure forms or extracts) that have been found to delay cellular senescence or in vivo ageing will be critically reviewed and summarized according to affected cellular signalling pathways. Moreover, the chemical structures of the identified natural compounds along with the profile of extracts related to their bioactive components will be presented and discussed. Finally, novel potential molecular targets for screening natural compounds for anti-ageing activity, as well as the idea that anti-ageing interventions represent a systemic approach that is also effective against age-related diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Argyropoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
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Tohma H, El-Shafey AF, Croft K, Shavlakadze T, Grounds MD, Arthur PG. Protein thiol oxidation does not change in skeletal muscles of aging female mice. Biogerontology 2013; 15:87-98. [PMID: 24311290 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species is proposed to cause age related muscle wasting (sarcopenia). Reversible oxidation of protein thiols by reactive oxygen species can affect protein function, so we evaluated whether muscle wasting in normal aging was associated with a pervasive increase in reversible oxidation of protein thiols or with an increase in irreversible oxidative damage to macromolecules. In gastrocnemius muscles of C57BL/6J female mice aged 3, 15, 24, 27, and 29 months there was no age related increase in protein thiol oxidation. In contrast, there was a significant correlation (R (2) = 0.698) between increasing protein carbonylation, a measure of irreversible oxidative damage to proteins, and loss of mass of gastrocnemius muscles in aging female mice. In addition, there was an age-related increase in lipofuscin content, an aggregate of oxidised proteins and lipids, in quadriceps limb muscles in aging female mice. However, there was no evidence of an age-related increase in malondialdehyde or F2-isoprostanes levels, which are measures of oxidative damage to lipids, in gastrocnemius muscles. In summary, this study does not support the hypothesis that a pervasive increase in protein thiol oxidation is a contributing factor to sarcopenia. Instead, the data are consistent with an aging theory which proposes that molecular damage to macromolecules leads to the structural and functional disorders associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Tohma
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Tsakiri EN, Iliaki KK, Höhn A, Grimm S, Papassideri IS, Grune T, Trougakos IP. Diet-derived advanced glycation end products or lipofuscin disrupts proteostasis and reduces life span in Drosophila melanogaster. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1155-1163. [PMID: 23999505 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end product (AGE)-modified proteins are formed by the nonenzymatic glycation of free amino groups of proteins and, along with lipofuscin (a highly oxidized aggregate of covalently cross-linked proteins, sugars, and lipids), have been found to accumulate during aging and in several age-related diseases. As the in vivo effects of diet-derived AGEs or lipofuscin remain elusive, we sought to study the impact of oral administration of glucose-, fructose-, or ribose-modified albumin or of artificial lipofuscin in a genetically tractable model organism. We report herein that continuous feeding of young Drosophila flies with culture medium enriched in AGEs or in lipofuscin resulted in reduced locomotor performance and in accelerated rates of AGE-modified proteins and carbonylated proteins accumulation in the somatic tissues and hemolymph of flies, as well as in a significant reduction of flies health span and life span. These phenotypic effects were accompanied by reduced proteasome peptidase activities in both the hemolymph and the somatic tissues of flies and higher levels of oxidative stress; furthermore, oral administration of AGEs or lipofuscin in flies triggered an upregulation of the lysosomal cathepsin B, L activities. Finally, RNAi-mediated cathepsin D knockdown reduced flies longevity and significantly augmented the deleterious effects of AGEs and lipofuscin, indicating that lysosomal cathepsins reduce the toxicity of diet-derived AGEs or lipofuscin. Our in vivo studies demonstrate that chronic ingestion of AGEs or lipofuscin disrupts proteostasis and accelerates the functional decline that occurs with normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni N Tsakiri
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Kalliopi K Iliaki
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Annika Höhn
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Grimm
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Issidora S Papassideri
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Tilman Grune
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece.
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Lipid peroxidation-derived 4-hydroxynonenal-modified proteins accumulate in human facial skin fibroblasts during ageing in vitro. Biogerontology 2013; 15:105-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Nedić O, Rattan SIS, Grune T, Trougakos IP. Molecular effects of advanced glycation end products on cell signalling pathways, ageing and pathophysiology. Free Radic Res 2013; 47 Suppl 1:28-38. [PMID: 23692178 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.806798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of compounds formed by the Maillard chemical process of non- enzymatic glycation of free amino groups of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. This chemical modification of biomolecules is triggered by endogeneous hyperglycaemic or oxidative stress-related processes. Additionally, AGEs can derive from exogenous, mostly diet-related, sources. Considering that AGE accumulation in tissues correlates with ageing and is a hallmark in several age-related diseases it is not surprising that the role of AGEs in ageing and pathology has become increasingly evident. The receptor for AGEs (RAGE) is a single transmembrane protein being expressed in a wide variety of human cells. RAGE binds a broad repertoire of extracellular ligands and mediates responses to stress conditions by activating multiple signal transduction pathways being mostly responsible for acute and/or chronic inflammation. RAGE activation has been implicated in ageing as well as in a number of age-related diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, arthritis, stoke, diabetes and cancer. Here we present a synopsis of findings that relate to AGEs-reported implication in cell signalling pathways and ageing, as well as in pathology. Potential implications and opportunities for translational research and the development of new therapies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Nedić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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Carilho Torrao RBD, Dias IH, Bennett SJ, Dunston CR, Griffiths HR. Healthy ageing and depletion of intracellular glutathione influences T cell membrane thioredoxin-1 levels and cytokine secretion. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:150. [PMID: 24007191 PMCID: PMC3766689 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During ageing an altered redox balance has been observed in both intracellular and extracellular compartments, primarily due to glutathione depletion and metabolic stress. Maintaining redox homeostasis is important for controlling proliferation and apoptosis in response to specific stimuli for a variety of cells. For T cells, the ability to generate specific response to antigen is dependent on the oxidation state of cell surface and cytoplasmic protein-thiols. Intracellular thiols are maintained in their reduced state by a network of redox regulating peptides, proteins and enzymes such as glutathione, thioredoxins and thioredoxin reductase. Here we have investigated whether any relationship exists between age and secreted or cell surface thioredoxin-1, intracellular glutathione concentration and T cell surface thioredoxin 1 (Trx-1) and how this is related to interleukin (IL)-2 production. RESULTS Healthy older adults have reduced lymphocyte surface expression and lower circulating plasma Trx-1 concentrations. Using buthionine sulfoximine to deplete intracellular glutathione in Jurkat T cells we show that cell surface Trx-1 is lowered, secretion of Trx-1 is decreased and the response to the lectin phytohaemagglutinin measured as IL-2 production is also affected. These effects are recapitulated by another glutathione depleting agent, diethylmaleate. CONCLUSION Together these data suggest that a relationship exists between the intracellular redox compartment and Trx-1 proteins. Loss of lymphocyte surface Trx-1 may be a useful biomarker of healthy ageing.
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Wei Y, Zhang YJ, Cai Y. Growth or longevity: the TOR’s decision on lifespan regulation. Biogerontology 2013; 14:353-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tsakiri EN, Sykiotis GP, Papassideri IS, Gorgoulis VG, Bohmann D, Trougakos IP. Differential regulation of proteasome functionality in reproductive vs. somatic tissues of Drosophila during aging or oxidative stress. FASEB J 2013; 27:2407-20. [PMID: 23457214 PMCID: PMC4050428 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-221408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome is central to proteostasis maintenance, as it degrades both normal and damaged proteins. Herein, we undertook a detailed analysis of proteasome regulation in the in vivo setting of Drosophila melanogaster. We report that a major hallmark of somatic tissues of aging flies is the gradual accumulation of ubiquitinated and carbonylated proteins; these effects correlated with a ~50% reduction of proteasome expression and catalytic activities. In contrast, gonads of aging flies were relatively free of proteome oxidative damage and maintained substantial proteasome expression levels and highly active proteasomes. Moreover, gonads of young flies were found to possess more abundant and more active proteasomes than somatic tissues. Exposure of flies to oxidants induced higher proteasome activities specifically in the gonads, which were, independently of age, more resistant than soma to oxidative challenge and, as analyses in reporter transgenic flies showed, retained functional antioxidant responses. Finally, inducible Nrf2 activation in transgenic flies promoted youthful proteasome expression levels in the aged soma, suggesting that age-dependent Nrf2 dysfunction is causative of decreasing somatic proteasome expression during aging. The higher investment in proteostasis maintenance in the gonads plausibly facilitates proteome stability across generations; it also provides evidence in support of the trade-off theories of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni N. Tsakiri
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos P. Sykiotis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Issidora S. Papassideri
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and
| | - Dirk Bohmann
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
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Sipilä S, Narici M, Kjaer M, Pöllänen E, Atkinson RA, Hansen M, Kovanen V. Sex hormones and skeletal muscle weakness. Biogerontology 2013; 14:231-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Modulation of Cell Cycle Profile by Chlorella vulgaris Prevents Replicative Senescence of Human Diploid Fibroblasts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:780504. [PMID: 23573154 PMCID: PMC3610352 DOI: 10.1155/2013/780504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) on replicative senescence of human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) were investigated. Hot water extract of CV was used to treat HDFs at passages 6, 15, and 30 which represent young, presenescence, and senescence ages, respectively. The level of DNA damage was determined by comet assay while apoptosis and cell cycle profile were determined using FACSCalibur flow cytometer. Our results showed direct correlation between increased levels of damaged DNA and apoptosis with senescence in untreated HDFs (P < 0.05). Cell cycle profile showed increased population of untreated senescent cells that enter G0/G1 phase while the cell population in S phase decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Treatment with CV however caused a significant reduction in the level of damaged DNA and apoptosis in all age groups of HDFs (P < 0.05). Cell cycle analysis showed that treatment with CV increased significantly the percentage of senescent HDFs in S phase and G2/M phases but decreased the population of cells in G0/G1 phase (P < 0.05). In conclusion, hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris effectively decreased the biomarkers of ageing, indicating its potential as an antiageing compound.
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