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Gomez-Baya D, Gaspar T, Corrêa R, Nicoletti JA, Garcia-Moro FJ. Leisure Time Activities and Subjective Happiness in Early Adolescents from Three Ibero-American Countries: The Cases of Brazil, Chile and Spain. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1058. [PMID: 37371289 DOI: 10.3390/children10061058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of the present study is to analyze subjective happiness in relation to leisure time in 10-year-old boys and girls from Brazil, Chile and Spain and to determine which leisure time activity has a greater effect on their subjective happiness and whether there are differences according to gender. (2) Methods: Data from the third wave of the Children's Worlds Project was used, which was collected by administering self-report measures to representative samples in each country. The sample was composed of 4008 early adolescents from Brazil (22.1%, n = 886), Chile (22.8%, n = 913) and Spain (55.1%, n = 2209). The mean age of the sample was 10.17 years (SD = 0.57), and 51.7% were girls. (3) Results: In terms of subjective happiness, moderate to high means were observed, with higher scores in boys and the Spanish sample. The results showed some differences in leisure time activities among children from Brazil, Chile and Spain. Furthermore, the results highlighted the importance of relaxation time with the family to promote happiness in pre-adolescence across genders and countries. Additionally, playing outdoors and doing homework were also found to be protective factors for subjective happiness. (4) Conclusions: In Brazil, Chile and Spain the most consistent result was the positive effect of spending time relaxing with the family on subjective happiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gomez-Baya
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
- Environmental Health Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tania Gaspar
- Environmental Health Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Universidade Lusofona, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rafael Corrêa
- School of Public Policy and Government, Getúlio Vargas Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22231-010, Brazil
| | - Javier Augusto Nicoletti
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, Buenos Aires B1754JEC, Argentina
| | - Francisco Jose Garcia-Moro
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
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Influencing factors of children's physical activity in family. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:787. [PMID: 35440083 PMCID: PMC9020037 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's physical activity (PA) is an important guarantee for children's physical and mental health. Influencing factors of children's PA in family is related to the healthy growth of children and the happy life of families. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of influencing factors of children's PA in family. Parents whose children in 15 kindergartens(i.e., children are aged from 3 to 6 years) were sampled. RESULTS Government had a significant negative impact on parents' perceived risks. Community has a significant positive effect on parents' perceived benefits and a significant negative effect on parents' perceived risks. Kindergarten has a significant positive effect on parents' perceived benefits, but has no significant effect on the parents' perceived risks. Children sports club has a significant positive effect on parents' perceived benefits. Parents' perceived benefits has a significant positive impact on children's PA in family, while perceived risks has a significant negative impact. CONCLUSION Government should play a leading role in the development of children's PA in family. Community provides supplementary support. Kindergarten is the key point of developing children's PA in family. Children sports club is the auxiliary force of children's PA in family.
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Novak JR, Ellis FK. A framework for incorporating physical activity in treatment: Competencies, guidelines, and implications for family therapists. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2022; 48:523-542. [PMID: 34480488 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity can have a profound impact on the cognitive, emotional, and social aspects of our clients' lives, and can even boost and sustain therapy outcomes. And yet, family therapists may not be trained or educated in the importance of physical activity nor how to assess, educate, and collaborate with health professionals to incorporate physical activity in treatment. As the evidence grows on the connection between physical activity and biopsychosocial functioning and more family therapists enter medical and healthcare settings, a framework for physical activity competencies is needed. As such, the purpose of this conceptual and empirical review paper is to (a) review the important brain-boosting benefits of physical activity for mental, cognitive, and social health, (b) provide a framework for the domains for family therapists for incorporating exercise in assessment and treatment, and finally, (c) outline recommendations for practice, education and supervision, and research for family therapists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh R Novak
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Faith K Ellis
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Parent Physical Activity: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:132-147. [PMID: 35016157 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this review were to describe exercise interventions, facilitators, and barriers to physical activity for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. METHODS A systematic review of the literature, appraising the validity of each article with Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt's level of evidence, from different databases CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science between 2000 and 2020 was conducted. As the initial search revealed no articles on exercise interventions and only 2 articles with children with autism spectrum disorder, the aim was widened to all parents of children. RESULTS Forty-five articles were identified on barriers to physical activity including being the primary caregiving parent, perception of guilt and selfishness, and adhering to exercise programs they do as part of research, once research ends. Facilitators for physical activity including parents being more likely to exercise if they can bring their child with them and parents preferring exercise that is a lifelong habit, such as walking. CONCLUSIONS Due to the lack of research on parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, recommendations include development and testing of interventions for parents of children with this condition including family-based exercise interventions where children and parents have a choice to exercise together.
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Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Time Spent Playing Video Games in Adolescents: Results from A-CHILD Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910377. [PMID: 34639677 PMCID: PMC8508283 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Excessive time spent playing video games is associated with adverse health outcomes in adolescents. Although poor child–parent relationship and social relations with peers are considered as possible predictors, little is known as to whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with time spent playing video games. The aim is to examine the association between ACEs and time spent playing video games in adolescents. Methods: We used pooled data from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study in 2016 and 2018, which is a population-based cross-sectional study in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan (N = 6799, 4th, 6th, and 8th-grade students). Adolescents answered questionnaires examining the time spent playing video games, per day, on weekdays (“less than 1 h”, “less than 3 h”, and “more than 3 h”) and ACEs (eight types). Results: The results of the ordinal logistic regression analysis showed a positive association between ACE total score and time spent playing video games after adjusting for covariates (1 ACE: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.10–1.48; 2 ACEs: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.06–1.48; 3 + ACEs: OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.14–1.82, p for trend < 0.001). Regarding each type of ACE, the experiences of single parenthood, parental history of psychiatric disorders, and peer isolation were independently positively associated with time spent playing video games. Conclusions: Health policy to address ACEs might be important to shorten the time spent playing video games.
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Nathan A, George P, Ng M, Wenden E, Bai P, Phiri Z, Christian H. Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Western Australian Children's Physical Activity and Screen Time. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2583. [PMID: 33807520 PMCID: PMC7967372 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity is essential for children's healthy development, yet COVID-19 physical distancing restrictions such as school closures and staying at home, playground closures, and the cancelling of organised community sport have dramatically altered children's opportunities to be physically active. This study describes changes in levels of physical activity and screen time from February 2020 (i.e., before COVID-19 restrictions were introduced in Western Australia) to May 2020 (i.e., when COVID-19 restrictions were in place). Parents of children aged 5 to 9 years from Western Australia were eligible to participate and recruited through convenience sampling. An online survey instrument that included validated measures of their children's physical activity (unstructured, organized, home-based, indoor/outdoor active play, dog play/walking), sociodemographic, and other potential confounders was administered to parents. Paired t-tests and mixed ANOVA models assessed changes in physical activity outcomes. The analytic sample comprised parents of 157 children who were 6.9 years of age (SD = 1.7) on average. Overall, weekly minutes of total physical activity (PA) did not change from before to during COVID-19. However, frequency and duration (total and home-based) of unstructured physical activity significantly increased. Outdoor play in the yard or street around the house, outdoor play in the park or playground or outdoor recreation area, and active indoor play at home all significantly increased. Frequency and total duration of organised physical activity significantly declined during COVID-19 distancing. During Western Australian COVID-19 restrictions, there was an increase in young children's unstructured physical activity and outdoor play and a decrease in organised physical activity. It remains to be seen whether children's increased physical activity has been sustained with the easing of physical distancing restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nathan
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (P.G.); (M.N.); (E.W.); (P.B.); (Z.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Phoebe George
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (P.G.); (M.N.); (E.W.); (P.B.); (Z.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Michelle Ng
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (P.G.); (M.N.); (E.W.); (P.B.); (Z.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Elizabeth Wenden
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (P.G.); (M.N.); (E.W.); (P.B.); (Z.P.); (H.C.)
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Pulan Bai
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (P.G.); (M.N.); (E.W.); (P.B.); (Z.P.); (H.C.)
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Zino Phiri
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (P.G.); (M.N.); (E.W.); (P.B.); (Z.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Hayley Christian
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (P.G.); (M.N.); (E.W.); (P.B.); (Z.P.); (H.C.)
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Pluta B, Galas S, Krzykała M, Andrzejewski M. The Motor and Leisure Time Conditioning of Young Table Tennis Players' Physical Fitness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165733. [PMID: 32784410 PMCID: PMC7459928 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess the association between physical fitness and the lifestyle determinants of elite junior table tennis players. The basic anthropometric characteristics (body height and body weight) were collected of 87 Polish table tennis players (girls, n = 38 and boys, n = 49, at different stages of sport training, targeted and specialized) aged 11–17 years. The level of special fitness tests from the Table Tennis Specific Battery Test were used, assessing reaction speed and displacement speed. All eight International Physical Fitness Test trials were also used to determine the level of general fitness of the participants. Selected questions from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children questionnaire were asked to measure factors associated with leisure time. The findings confirm a relationship between sedentary forms of leisure time activity and the training of young players at the targeted stage (Z = −2.93, p = 0.003 school days and Z = −2.12, p = 0.034 days off). Moreover, competitors with longer training experience more often chose active forms of spending free time. Knowledge of the global physical activity undertaken by young athletes during their leisure time provides a better understanding of their individual needs and may help young table tennis players to succeed at a world-class level in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Pluta
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: (48-6-1835-5000; Fax: +48-6-1835-5099
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García-Fernández J, González-López JR, Vilches-Arenas Á, Lomas-Campos MDLM. Determinants of Physical Activity Performed by Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4061. [PMID: 31652693 PMCID: PMC6861903 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the World Health Organization considering it important to promote physical activity as part of a healthy lifestyle, the official data show an increase in the percentage of physical inactivity, which has brought about the development of strategies at different levels (national and international) to reverse this trend. For the development of these strategies, it is relevant to know what the determinants of physical activity (at leisure and at work) are. Therefore, this is going to be analysed in the autochthonous young adults from Seville. A cross-sectional survey of their health behaviours was carried out. The sample was selected through a proportionally stratified random sampling procedure. From the results, we highlight that the general perceived health status is good and that most physical activity is performed during leisure time. However, a majority of the population analysed reported overweight or obesity. Participants with a low perceived health status, those who have low social support from their family and friends, and those who do not smoke are the ones who have more probability of engaging in physical activity during their leisure time. However, gender, education level, and alcohol consumption are revealed as determinants of the intensity of physical activity at work. In this regard, men and/or participants with a low level of studies are those who carry out more physically demanding activities at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinto García-Fernández
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain.
| | - José Rafael González-López
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain.
| | - Ángel Vilches-Arenas
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain.
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The effects of extracurricular physical education classes on gross motor development in primary school children – pilot study. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2019-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Study aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in gross motor skills in children participating and not participating in a project of extracurricular physical education classes in primary schools called “From fun to sport”.
Material and methods: Thirty-one children in the first grade of primary school participated in the study (16 boys and 15 girls). A pedagogical quasi-experiment was applied. Children from the experimental group participated in an additional 45-minute lesson. To assess gross motor skills the TGMD-2 (Test of Gross Motor Development-2) was used.
Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in the level of gross motor skills between children attending extracurricular physical education classes and those who did not participate in such activities (GMDQ: Δ boys = 11.86, p = 0.032; Δ girls = 13.1, p = 0.036).
Conclusion: The experiment revealed large effects of additional activities of the project on increase of children’s motor skills level. Additional time should be included in physical education for the development of gross motor skills in physical education classes at the initial stage of school education.
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