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Li X, Wang X, Yang Y, Zhou J, Wu X, Zhao J, Zhang J, Guo X, Shao M, Song M, Su X, Han Y, Liu Q, Chen T, Zhang L, Liu B, Yue W, Lv L, Li W. Elevated plasma matrix metalloproteinase 9 in schizophrenia patients associated with poor antipsychotic treatment response and white matter density deficits. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:71. [PMID: 39191778 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00494-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation contribute to schizophrenia (SCZ) pathology and may influence treatment efficacy. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is a critical molecular node mediating the interaction between oxidative stress and inflammation, and so may influence treatment efficacy. Here we examined the associations of plasma MMP9 concentration with antipsychotic drug responses, clinical symptoms, and brain structure. A total of 129 healthy controls and 124 patients with SCZ were included in this study. Patients were monitored clinically during 8 weeks of antipsychotic treatment and classified as poor responders (n = 49) or good responders (n = 75). We then compared plasma MMP9 concentrations in healthy controls at baseline and both SCZ responder groups at baseline and after the 8-week antipsychotic treatment regimen. Cognitive function was also examined using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. In addition, we extracted regional white matter density from magnetic resonance images of patients. Compared to healthy controls, plasma MMP9 levels were significantly elevated in poor responders at baseline and negatively correlated with both white matter density in the right superior temporal gyrus and the change in cognitive symptoms after treatment. Conversely, there was no significant difference in plasma MMP9 between good responders and healthy controls, and no associations of plasma MMP9 with cognitive symptoms or regional white matter density among good responders. Elevated plasma MMP9 is associated with poor antipsychotic drug efficacy and white matter deficits in SCZ patients, and so may be a useful biomarker to guide personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorder, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Xufei Wu
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Xiaoge Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Minglong Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Meng Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Xi Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Tengfei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Luwen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Ministry of Health, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China.
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, 453002, China.
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China.
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, 453002, China.
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorder, Xinxiang, 453002, China.
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Kamel AA, Nassar AY, Meligy FY, Omar YA, Nassar GAY, Ezzat GM. Acetylated oligopeptide and N-acetylcysteine protect against iron overload-induced dentate gyrus hippocampal degeneration through upregulation of Nestin and Nrf2/HO-1 and downregulation of MMP-9/TIMP-1 and GFAP. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3958. [PMID: 38396357 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Iron accumulation in the brain causes oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, and neurodegeneration. We examined the preventive effects of acetylated oligopeptides (AOP) from whey protein on iron-induced hippocampal damage compared to N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). This 5-week study used 40 male albino rats. At the start, all rats received 150 mg/kg/day of oral NAC for a week. The 40 animals were then randomly divided into four groups: Group I (control) received a normal diet; Group II (iron overload) received 60 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal iron dextran 5 days a week for 4 weeks; Group III (NAC group) received 150 mg/kg/day NAC and iron dextran; and Group IV (AOP group) received 150 mg/kg/day AOP and iron dextran. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, spectrophotometry, and qRT-PCR were used to measure MMP-9, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), MDA, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression. Histopathological and immunohistochemical detection of nestin, claudin, caspase, and GFAP was also done. MMP-9, TIMP-1, MDA, caspase, and GFAP rose in the iron overload group, while GSH, Nrf2, HO-1, nestin, and claudin decreased. The NAC and AOP administrations improved iron overload-induced biochemical and histological alterations. We found that AOP and NAC can protect the brain hippocampus from iron overload, improve BBB disruption, and provide neuroprotection with mostly no significant difference from healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A Kamel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Y Nassar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fatma Y Meligy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yomna A Omar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Y Nassar
- Metabolic and Genetic Disorders Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Ezzat
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Bhuiyan P, Sun Z, Khan MA, Hossain MA, Rahman MH, Qian Y. System biology approaches to identify hub genes linked with ECM organization and inflammatory signaling pathways in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25191. [PMID: 38322840 PMCID: PMC10844262 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic and devastating mental illness that affects around 20 million individuals worldwide. Cognitive deficits and structural and functional changes of the brain, abnormalities of brain ECM components, chronic neuroinflammation, and devastating clinical manifestation during SZ are likely etiological factors shown by affected individuals. However, the pathophysiological events associated with multiple regulatory pathways involved in the brain of this complex disorder are still unclear. This study aimed to develop a pipeline based on bioinformatics and systems biology approaches for identifying potential therapeutic targets involving possible biological mechanisms from SZ patients and healthy volunteers. About 420 overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from three RNA-seq datasets were identified. Gene ontology (GO), and pathways analysis showed several biological mechanisms enriched by the commonly shared DEGs, including extracellular matrix organization (ECM) organization, collagen fibril organization, integrin signaling pathway, inflammation mediated by chemokines and cytokines signaling pathway, and GABA-B receptor II and IL4 mediated signaling. Besides, 15 hub genes (FN1, COL1A1, COL3A1, COL1A2, COL5A1, COL2A1, COL6A2, COL6A3, MMP2, THBS1, DCN, LUM, HLA-A, HLA-C, and FBN1) were discovered by comprehensive analysis, which was mainly involved in the ECM organization and inflammatory signaling pathway. Furthermore, the miRNA target of the hub genes was analyzed with the random-forest-based approach software miRTarBase. In addition, the transcriptional factors and protein kinases regulating overlapping DEGs in SZ, namely, SUZ12, EZH2, TRIM28, TP53, EGR1, CSNK2A1, GSK3B, CDK1, and MAPK14, were also identified. The results point to a new understanding that the hub genes (fibronectin 1, collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and lumican) in the ECM organization and inflammatory signaling pathways may be involved in the SZ occurrence and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piplu Bhuiyan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Zhaochu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Arif Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh
- Bio-Bio-1 Bioinformatics Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arju Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh
| | - Yanning Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Yang H, Zhang C, Yang M, Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu D, Zhang X. Variations of plasma oxidative stress levels in male patients with chronic schizophrenia. Correlations with psychopathology and matrix metalloproteinase-9: a case-control study. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:20. [PMID: 38172869 PMCID: PMC10765744 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence has indicated that oxidative stress (OS) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) may contribute to the mechanism of schizophrenia. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the associations of OS parameters and MMP-9 levels with psychopathological symptoms in male chronic schizophrenia patients. METHODS This study was an observational, cross-sectional, retrospective case-control study. Plasma hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) levels were assayed in 80 male patients with chronic schizophrenia and 80 matched healthy controls. Schizophrenia symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Multivariate regression was used to analyze relationships between OS parameters and MMP-9, and clinical symptoms. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that levels of antioxidant enzymes, SOD, GSH-Px, H2O2, and MDA were significantly decreased, whereas CAT and MMP-9 levels were increased in patients with schizophrenia, when compared with healthy controls (all P < 0.05). In schizophrenia patients, correlation analyses showed that H2O2 levels were significantly and positively correlated with PANSS positive scores, CAT and MDA levels were significant negatively correlated with PANSS negative scores and PANSS total scores, and MDA levels were significantly positively correlated with MMP-9 levels (all P < 0.05). However, we did not find that MMP-9 played an interaction role between OS parameters and PANSS total scores and subscales scores (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that alterations of plasma OS parameters in male patients with chronic schizophrenia were associated with psychopathology and MMP-9, suggesting that OS and neuroinflammation may play important role in the mechanism of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Yang
- Medical College of Soochow University, 215137, Suzhou, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated KangDa College of Nanjing Medical University, 222003, Lianyungang, P.R. China
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 215137, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Caiyi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, China
| | - Man Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated KangDa College of Nanjing Medical University, 222003, Lianyungang, P.R. China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Medical College of Soochow University, 215137, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated KangDa College of Nanjing Medical University, 222003, Lianyungang, P.R. China
| | - Dongliang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated KangDa College of Nanjing Medical University, 222003, Lianyungang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 215137, Suzhou, P.R. China.
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Dickerson F, Vaidya D, Liu Y, Yolken R. Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Are Elevated in Persons With Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: The Role of Modifiable Factors. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:766-772. [PMID: 37881562 PMCID: PMC10593883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a diverse set of enzymes associated with inflammation. MMP-9 is of particular interest because it has been associated with autoimmune and cardiopulmonary disorders, tobacco smoking, and obesity, prevalent in psychiatric populations. Methods Sensitive enzyme immunoassays measured MMP-9 in blood samples from 1121 individuals (mean age = 35.6 [SD = 13.0] years; 47.7% male; 440 with schizophrenia, 399 with bipolar disorder, and 282 without a psychiatric disorder). We estimated the odds of diagnosis associated with MMP-9, demographic variables, tobacco smoking, and obesity, and also the partial explained variance using regression methods. We also determined the association between psychiatric medications and MMP-9 levels. Results Individuals with elevated MMP-9 levels had higher odds of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder compared with the nonpsychiatric group adjusted for demographic variables. Partial correlation analyses indicated the demographic-adjusted variance associated with MMP-9, smoking, obesity, and their interaction explained 59.6% for schizophrenia and 39.9% for bipolar disorder. Levels of MMP-9 were substantially lower in individuals receiving valproate, particularly relatively high doses. Conclusions Individuals with higher levels of MMP-9 have significantly higher odds of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Individuals receiving valproate had substantially lower levels of MMP-9, possibly related to its ability to inhibit histone deacetylation. A substantial portion of the variance in clinical disorders associated with MMP-9 can be attributed to smoking or obesity. Interventions to reduce smoking and obesity might reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with elevated MMP-9 levels and improve the health outcomes of individuals with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Dickerson
- Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yisi Liu
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Li X, Hu S, Liu P. Vascular-related biomarkers in psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1241422. [PMID: 37692299 PMCID: PMC10486913 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1241422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While the molecular underpinnings of vascular dysfunction in psychosis are under active investigation, their implications remain unclear due to inconsistent and sometimes sparse observations. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to critically assess the alterations of vascular-related molecules in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of patients with psychotic disorders compared with healthy individuals. Methods Databases were searched from inception to February 23, 2023. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the effects of clinical correlates. Results We identified 93 eligible studies with 30 biomarkers investigated in the CSF and/or blood. Among the biomarkers examined, psychotic disorders were associated with elevated CSF-to-serum albumin ratio (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35-1.02); blood S100B (SMD, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.59-1.17), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9; SMD, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.86), and zonulin (SMD, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.04-2.30). The blood levels of S100B, MMP-9, nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) were altered in patient subgroups differing in demographic and clinical characteristics. Blood S100B level was positively correlated with age and duration of illness. Substantial between-study heterogeneity was observed in most molecules. Conclusion The alterations in certain vascular-related fluid markers in psychotic disorders suggest disturbances in normal vascular structures and functions. However, not all molecules examined displayed clear evidence of changes. While potential impacts of clinical factors, including the administered treatment, were identified, the exploration remained limited. Further studies are needed to investigate the diverse patterns of expression, and understand how these abnormalities reflect the pathophysiology of psychosis and the impact of clinical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pozi Liu
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Nano-hesperetin attenuates ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like symptoms in mice: participation of antioxidant parameters. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:1063-1074. [PMID: 36879073 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Antioxidant natural herb hesperetin (Hst) offers powerful medicinal properties. Despite having noticeable antioxidant properties, it has limited absorption, which is a major pharmacological obstacle. OBJECTIVES The goal of the current investigation was to determine if Hst and nano-Hst might protect mice against oxidative stress and schizophrenia (SCZ)-like behaviors brought on by ketamine (KET). METHODS Seven treatment groups (n=7) were created for the animals. For 10 days, they received distilled water or KET (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p). From the 11th to the 40th day, they received daily oral administration of Hst and nano-Hst (10, 20 mg/kg) or vehicle. With the use of the forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT), and novel object recognition test (NORT), SCZ-like behaviors were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were assessed in the cerebral cortex. RESULTS Our findings displayed that behavioral disorders induced by KET would be improved by nano-Hst treated. MDA levels were much lower after treatment with nano-Hst, and brain antioxidant levels and activities were noticeably higher. The mice treated with nano-Hst had improved outcomes in the behavioral and biochemical tests when compared to the Hst group. CONCLUSIONS Our study's findings showed that nano-Hst had a stronger neuroprotective impact than Hst. In cerebral cortex tissues, nano-Hst treatment dramatically reduced KET-induced (SCZ)-like behavior and oxidative stress indicators. As a result, nano-Hst may have more therapeutic potential and may be effective in treating behavioral impairments and oxidative damage brought on by KET.
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Pabian-Jewuła S, Rylski M. Does the functional polymorphism-1562C/T of MMP-9 gene influence brain disorders? Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1110967. [PMID: 37206663 PMCID: PMC10188926 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1110967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is one of the most strongly expressed matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the brain. The MMP-9 activity in the brain is strictly regulated, and any disruptions in this regulation contribute to a development of many disorders of the nervous system including multiple sclerosis, brain strokes, neurodegenerative disorders, brain tumors, schizophrenia, or Guillain-Barré syndrome. This article discusses a relationship between development of the nervous system diseases and the functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position -1562C/T within the MMP-9 gene. A pathogenic influence of MMP-9-1562C/T SNP was observed both in neurological and psychiatric disorders. The presence of the allele T often increases the activity of the MMP-9 gene promoter and consequently the expression of MMP-9 when compared to the allele C. This leads to a change in the likelihood of an occurrence of diseases and modifies the course of certain brain diseases in humans, as discussed below. The presented data indicates that the MMP-9-1562C/T functional polymorphism influences the course of many neuropsychiatric disorders in humans suggesting a significant pathological role of the MMP-9 metalloproteinase in pathologies of the human central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Pabian-Jewuła
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Sylwia Pabian-Jewuła,
| | - Marcin Rylski
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
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Keshri N, Nandeesha H. Dysregulation of Synaptic Plasticity Markers in Schizophrenia. Indian J Clin Biochem 2023; 38:4-12. [PMID: 36684500 PMCID: PMC9852406 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by cognitive impairment resulting in compromised quality of life. Since the regulation of synaptic plasticity has functional implications in various aspects of cognition such as learning, memory, and neural circuit maturation, the dysregulation of synaptic plasticity is considered as a pathobiological feature of schizophrenia. The findings from our recently concluded studies indicate that there is an alteration in levels of synaptic plasticity markers such as neural cell adhesion molecule-1 (NCAM-1), Neurotropin-3 (NT-3) and Matrix-mettaloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in schizophrenia patients. The objective of the present article is to review the role of markers of synaptic plasticity in schizophrenia. PubMed database (http;//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) was used to perform an extensive literature search using the keywords schizophrenia and synaptic plasticity. We conclude that markers of synaptic plasticity are altered in schizophrenia and may lead to complications of schizophrenia including cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Keshri
- Department of Biochemistry, JIPMER, Puducherry, 605006 India
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Romash IR, Romash IB, Tsona AR, Pustovoyt MM. PECULIARITIES OF DYNAMICS OF INDICATORS OF PROTEINS OXIDATIVE MODIFICATION AND MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9 ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA DEPENDING ON THE DISEASE DURATION. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:2625-2631. [PMID: 38290026 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202312111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: The objective of the research was to study the indicators of oxidative modification of proteins (OMP) and the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in patients with paranoid schizophrenia depending on the disease duration. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: 320 patients were included in the examination. 20 patients were with "Primary psychotic episode" (Comparison Group) and 300 patients were diagnosed with "Paranoid schizophrenia" (Experimental Group): 60 of them have suffered from this disease for a duration from 3 to 5 years (Subgroup I ); 60 patients have suffered for a period from 6 to 10 years (Subgroup II); 60 individuals - from 11 to 15 years (Subgroup III); 60 patients have suffered for a duration from 16 to 20 years (Subgroup IV); 60 patients - from 21 years and longer (Subgroup V). RESULTS Results: The presented data showed that the levels of OMP indicators in Subgroup I constituted 0.826±0.046 conventional units at a wavelength of 356 nm; 0.864±0.051 conventional units at a wavelength of 370 nm; 0.444±0.019 conventional units at a wavelength of 430 nm; 0.176±0.007 conventional units at a wavelength of 530 nm, which is 1.99; 1.6; 1.13 and 1.43 times higher than in the Comparison Group. The content of OMP products was higher by 2.24; 1.74; 1.17, and 1.43 times in Subgroup II, respectively, by 2.4; 1.80; 1.36 and 1.46 times in Subgroup III, respectively; by 2.5; 1.9; 1.4; 1.6 times in Subgroup IV, respectively; by 2.5; 2.02; 1.54; 1.7 times in Subgroup V, respectively. The conducted correlation analysis indicated a direct correlation between OMP indicators and the disease duration. The concentration of MMP-9 in the patients of the Comparison Group was equal to 892.84±87.80 pg/ml, which was 11.2% less compared to the Experimental Subgroup I, where this indicator was 992.84±67.50 pg/ml. MMP-9 constituted 1092.53±47.20 pg/ml on average in the patients of Subgroup II, which was 22.36% higher than in the Comparison Group. This indicator was 1702.84±37.60 pg/ml in Subgroup III, which was 90.7% higher than in the Comparison Group. It constituted 1492.84±47.29 pg/ml in Subgroup IV, which was 67.2% higher than in the Comparison Group; and 2037.21±57.80 pg/ ml in Subgroup V, which was more than two times higher than in the Comparison Group (p<0.05). The conducted correlation analysis showed a direct relation between MMP-9 expression and the increase in OMP indicators. This relation was more significant between MMP-9 and OMP products of a neutral nature. The correlation strength between MMP-9 and OMP products of a basic nature was somewhat less significant. CONCLUSION Conclusions: According to the results of the conducted analysis, the examined patients had the signs of decompensation of reactive-adaptive biomolecular mechanisms which activated radical reactions with the subsequent accumulation of oxidation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan R Romash
- IVANO-FRANKIVSK NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, IVANO-FRANKIVSK, UKRAINE
| | - Iryna B Romash
- IVANO-FRANKIVSK NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, IVANO-FRANKIVSK, UKRAINE
| | - Andriy R Tsona
- DANYLO HALYTSKY LVIV NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, LVIV, UKRAINE
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Saravanan K, Keshri N, Nandeesha H, Menon V, Goud AC. Matrixmetalloproteinase-9 gene polymorphism (rs 17576) increases the risk of depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2022; 13:691-695. [PMID: 36743776 PMCID: PMC9893938 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp-2022-6-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Plasticity of neural synapses is known to be involved in the complications in bipolar disorder (BD) patients. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a role in synaptic plasticity and memory. Even though elevated MMP-9 levels are reported in neuropsychiatric disorders, there is limited data about MMP-9 gene polymorphism in BD. The objectives of the study was to investigate genotype frequency and allele frequency of MMP-9 genetic variant (rs 17576) in BD and its association with disease severity. Materials and Methods Eighty BD cases and 80 controls were recruited in the study. MMP-9 genotyping and allele frequency and plasma MMP-9 levels were analyzed in both the groups. Hamilton depression rating scale and Young's Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were used to evaluate severity of BD. Results The genotype and minor allele (G allele) frequency were not significant between BD and controls. MMP-9 levels were significantly increased in BD patients with AG (P < 0.001) and GG (P = 0.022) genotypes compared to controls. BD patients with GG genotype (P = 0.038, OR: 3.26 (1.16-9.09), and G (mutant) allele (P = 0.013, OR 2.03(1.18-3.48) confer increased risk of depressive symptoms. MMP-9 was positively correlated with YMRS scale (r = 0.227, P = 0.043) in BD. Conclusion MMP-9 gene polymorphism (rs 17576) is linked with depressive symptoms in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kothandan Saravanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Neha Keshri
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Hanumanthappa Nandeesha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Alladi Charanraj Goud
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Oxidative Stress and Emergence of Psychosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101870. [PMID: 36290593 PMCID: PMC9598314 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment and prevention strategies for schizophrenia require knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the psychotic transition. Increasing evidence suggests a redox imbalance in schizophrenia patients. This narrative review presents an overview of the scientific literature regarding blood oxidative stress markers’ evolution in the early stages of psychosis and chronic patients. Studies investigating peripheral levels of oxidative stress in schizophrenia patients, first episode of psychosis or UHR individuals were considered. A total of 76 peer-reviewed articles published from 1991 to 2022 on PubMed and EMBASE were included. Schizophrenia patients present with increased levels of oxidative damage to lipids in the blood, and decreased levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants. Genetic studies provide evidence for altered antioxidant functions in patients. Antioxidant blood levels are decreased before psychosis onset and blood levels of oxidative stress correlate with symptoms severity in patients. Finally, adjunct treatment of antipsychotics with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine appears to be effective in schizophrenia patients. Further studies are required to assess its efficacy as a prevention strategy. Redox imbalance might contribute to the pathophysiology of emerging psychosis and could serve as a therapeutic target for preventive or adjunctive therapies, as well as biomarkers of disease progression.
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Chaves Filho AJM, Mottin M, Lós DB, Andrade CH, Macedo DS. The tetrapartite synapse in neuropsychiatric disorders: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as promising targets for treatment and rational drug design. Biochimie 2022; 201:79-99. [PMID: 35931337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and an exacerbated immune response are widely accepted contributing mechanisms to the genesis and progression of major neuropsychiatric disorders. However, despite the impressive advances in understanding the neurobiology of these disorders, there is still no approved drug directly linked to the regulation of inflammation or brain immune responses. Importantly, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) comprise a group of structurally related endopeptidases primarily involved in remodeling extracellular matrix (ECM). In the central nervous system (CNS), these proteases control synaptic plasticity and strength, patency of the blood-brain barrier, and glia-neuron interactions through cleaved and non-cleaved mediators. Several pieces of evidence have pointed to a complex scenario of MMPs dysregulation triggered by neuroinflammation. Furthermore, major psychiatric disorders' affective symptoms and neurocognitive abnormalities are related to MMPs-mediated ECM changes and neuroglia activation. In the past decade, research efforts have been directed to broad-spectrum MMPs inhibitors with frustrating clinical results. However, in the light of recent advances in combinatorial chemistry and drug design technologies, specific and CNS-oriented MMPs modulators have been proposed as a new frontier of therapy for regulating ECM properties in the CNS. Therefore, here we aim to discuss the state of the art of MMPs and ECM abnormalities in major neuropsychiatric disorders, namely depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, the possible neuro-immune interactions involved in this complex scenario of MMPs dysregulation and propose these endopeptidases as promising targets for rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design - LabMol, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Melina Mottin
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design - LabMol, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Deniele Bezerra Lós
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design - LabMol, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Danielle S Macedo
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Ordak M, Libman-Sokolowska M, Nasierowski T, Badyra B, Kaczmarek L, Muszynska E, Bujalska-Zadrozny M. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 serum levels in schizophrenic patients. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2022; 27:1-7. [PMID: 35357267 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2022.2057332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been reported that matrix metalloproteinase, MMP-3 may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of mental disorders. However, there are no data on the level of MMP-3 in people suffering from schizophrenia, or its influence on the mental state of these people. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an antipsychotic treatment on the blood levels of MMP-3, as well as investigating its relationship with insight into schizophrenia. METHODS Thirty people with schizophrenia were included in the study. The concentration of MMP-3 in the blood serum was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Insight into the disease was assessed using the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale. RESULTS The antipsychotic treatment applied decreased the levels of MMP-3 in patients with schizophrenia (p = 0.005), however, the statistically significant interaction (p = 0.02) indicates that the decrease only concerned men. There was also a statistically significant correlation between the level of MMP-3 and insight into the disease (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION MMP-3 may be associated with gender, treatment and symptoms in schizophrenic patients.KEY POINTSMMP3 could be used as a potential biomarker for schizophrenia.The level of MMP-3 decreased due to the applied antipsychotic treatment.The higher the level of MMP-3 in a group of people with schizophrenia, the better insight into their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Ordak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical, Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Bogna Badyra
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Muszynska
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrozny
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical, Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Effects of antipsychotics on antioxidant defence system in patients with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2022; 309:114429. [PMID: 35150976 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Theory of oxidative stress is suggested in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. To determine the cause of impaired antioxidant defense system in schizophrenia, a meta-analysis was performed by selecting studies published from 1964 to 2021 from Pubmed and Scopus databases. Data were analysed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2 and calculated effect sizes were compared between unmedicated and medicated patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Heterogeneity, publication bias assessments and subgroup analyses of drug-free and drug-naïve patients, and patients treated with atypical and typical antipsychotics were conducted. Subgroup analysis of confounding factors including age, gender, illness duration and patient status was also conducted. We found that glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was significantly decreased in all patients. Significantly lower catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and albumin (ALB) were found in unmedicated patients only. Both groups showed significantly weakened non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity. Subgroup analyses indicated that weakened non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity may be associated with schizophrenia. Antioxidant status was more impaired in drug-free patients compared with other subgroups. This indicated that antipsychotics may improve antioxidant defense system. Although effect sizes were smaller, future studies may focus on the effect of antipsychotic discontinuation. In overall, schizophrenia was associated with impaired antioxidant defense system especially the non-enzymatic antioxidant system.
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Goh XX, Tang PY, Tee SF. Blood-based oxidation markers in medicated and unmedicated schizophrenia patients: A meta-analysis. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 67:102932. [PMID: 34839098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Increased reactive species due to the effect of antipsychotics on oxidative stress may be involved in the development of schizophrenia. However, antipsychotics may have different direct antioxidant effects due to their chemical structures. The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether the cause increased oxidant status in schizophrenia patients is due to the illness or induction by antipsychotics. Studies published from 1964 to 2021 were selected from Pubmed and Scopus databases. Data were analysed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2. Effect sizes were calculated and compared between unmedicated and medicated patients and healthy controls. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Subgroup analyses were conducted on drug-free and drug-naïve patients, and patients treated with atypical and typical antipsychotics. We found that medicated patients had significantly higher malondialdehyde (MDA), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total oxidant status (TOS). Meanwhile, significantly increased plasma/serum MDA and nitric oxide (NO) were observed in unmedicated patients only. Higher lipid peroxidation in the drug-naïve group may be associated schizophrenia. However, both atypical and typical antipsychotics may worsen lipid peroxidation. Antipsychotic discontinuation in the drug-free group led to significantly increased plasma/serum NO, with larger effect size than the atypical antipsychotic group. In conclusion, medicated schizophrenia patients were more suffered from increased oxidative stress. Therefore, future study may focus on the mechanism of action of specific antipsychotic on oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xin Goh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Pek Yee Tang
- Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Shiau Foon Tee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia.
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Potential Novel Therapies for Neurodevelopmental Diseases Targeting Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6640206. [PMID: 34336109 PMCID: PMC8321748 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6640206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are a category of diseases that is not yet fully understood. Due to their common traits and pathways, often it is difficult to differentiate between them based on their symptoms only. A series of hypotheses are trying to define their etiology, such as neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and immunology, but none have managed to explain their multifactorial manifestation. One feature that may link all theories is that of oxidative stress, with a redox imbalance as well as several other markers of oxidative damage (on lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) being observed in both postmortem samples of the brain of patients with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. However, the implication of oxidative stress in pathology is still distrustfully looked upon. For this purpose, in the current paper, we were interested in reviewing the implications of oxidative stress in these disorders as well as the impact of N-acetylcysteine on the oxidative status with a focus on the glutathione level and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. We were also interested in finding papers targeting the use of antioxidant properties of different plant extracts.
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Chenniappan R, Nandeesha H, Kattimani S, Goud AC, Thiagarajan D. Risperidone Reduces Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Increases Neurotrophin-3 in Schizophrenia Spectrum of Disorder. Indian J Clin Biochem 2021; 37:342-348. [DOI: 10.1007/s12291-021-00985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Keshri N, Nandeesha H, Rajappa M, Menon V. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 increases the risk of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Nord J Psychiatry 2021; 75:130-134. [PMID: 32815771 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2020.1808901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE ARTICLE Synaptic plasticity is known to play role in pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Cognitive impairment is one of the complications of schizophrenia, leading to poor quality of life. Matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) are markers of synaptic plasticity, widely investigated in neuropsychiatric disorders. The objective of the study was to investigate the levels of MMP-9 and NT-3 and their association with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. MATERIAL AND METHODS 124 schizophrenia patients and 124 controls were enrolled in the study. MMP-9 and NT-3 were estimated in both the groups using ELISA. Cognition was assessed using Addenbrooke cognitive examination-III (ACE-III) and disease severity was assessed using PANSS. RESULTS MMP-9 (p = .003) and NT -3 (p < .001) were found to be elevated in schizophrenia cases compared to controls. There was significant association of MMP-9 with fluency (r = -0.195, p = .030), language (r = -0.196, p = .029) and total ACE-III scores (r = -0.197, p = .029). Also we observed that MMP-9 increases the risk of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients (OR = 2.509, CI= 1.215 - 5.18, p = .013). CONCLUSION MMP-9 and NT-3 are elevated in schizophrenia. MMP-9 was associated with fluency and language component of cognition and increases the risk of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Keshri
- Department of Biochemistry and Psychiatry, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Medha Rajappa
- Department of Biochemistry and Psychiatry, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department of Biochemistry and Psychiatry, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
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Schoretsanitis G, de Filippis R, Ntogka M, Leucht S, Correll CU, Kane JM. Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Blood Alterations in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:986-996. [PMID: 33491066 PMCID: PMC8266643 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), an extracellular network protease implicated in glutamatergic signaling, may be part of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). METHODS We performed a systematic review in PubMed/Embase until July 15, 2020, conducting a random-effects meta-analysis of studies comparing MMP-9 blood levels in SSD vs healthy controls (HCs) and psychiatric controls (PCs), calculating between-group differences in standardized mean differences (SMDs) ± 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-regression analyses included sex, age, illness duration, antipsychotic dose, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total/subscales. Subgroup analyses included first-episode patients (FEP) vs non-FEP, each vs HCs and vs PCs, and blood sample type. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS Four, five, and two trials were rated as high, fair, and low quality. In 11 studies (n = 1443), 643 patients (age = 36.7 ± 14.1 years, females = 42.9%) were compared with HCs (n = 631), with 4 studies including also 169 PCs. MMP-9 levels were higher in SSD vs HCs (SMD = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.20-0.85, P = .002), but not in PCs vs HCs (n = 132, after removing one implausible outlier [SMD = 0.33, 95%CI = -0.16 to 0.85, P = .082]). MMP-9 differences between SSD and HCs were associated with higher PANSS total (coefficient = 0.02, 95%CI = 0.01-0.02, P < .001), PANSS positive (coefficient = 0.08, 95%CI = 0.02-0.13, P = .006), and PANSS general scores (coefficient = 0.02, 95%CI = 0.01-0.03, P < .001). MMP-9 level differences vs HCs did not vary significantly between FEP (n = 103, SMD = 0.44, 95%CI = 0.15-0.72, P = .71) and non-FEP patients (n = 466, SMD = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.38-0.80; P = .34) (FEP vs non-FEP: P = .39). In four high-quality studies, MMP-9 levels remained significantly higher in SSD vs HCs (SMD = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.03-1.61). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest MMP-9 upregulation in SSD, requiring further validation and understanding of related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Schoretsanitis
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; 7559 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA; tel: +1 718-470-5914, fax: +1 718-343-7739, e-mail:
| | - Renato de Filippis
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Ntogka
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Stefan Leucht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - John M Kane
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Dwir D, Giangreco B, Xin L, Tenenbaum L, Cabungcal JH, Steullet P, Goupil A, Cleusix M, Jenni R, Chtarto A, Baumann PS, Klauser P, Conus P, Tirouvanziam R, Cuenod M, Do KQ. MMP9/RAGE pathway overactivation mediates redox dysregulation and neuroinflammation, leading to inhibitory/excitatory imbalance: a reverse translation study in schizophrenia patients. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2889-2904. [PMID: 30911107 PMCID: PMC7577857 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Various mechanisms involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology, such as dopamine dysregulation, glutamate/NMDA receptor dysfunction, neuroinflammation or redox imbalance, all appear to converge towards an oxidative stress "hub" affecting parvalbumine interneurones (PVI) and their perineuronal nets (PNN) (Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2:258-70); (Nat Rev Neurosci. 2016;17:125-34). We aim to investigate underlying mechanisms linking oxidative stress with neuroinflammatory and their long-lasting harmful consequences. In a transgenic mouse of redox dysregulation carrying a permanent deficit of glutathione synthesis (gclm-/-), the anterior cingulate cortex presented early in the development increased oxidative stress which was prevented by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (Eur J Neurosci. 2000;12:3721-8). This oxidative stress induced microglia activation and redox-sensitive matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) stimulation, leading to the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) shedding into soluble and nuclear forms, and subsequently to nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) activation and secretion of various cytokines. Blocking MMP9 activation prevented this sequence of alterations and rescued the normal maturation of PVI/PNN, even if performed after an additional insult that exacerbated the long term PVI/PNN impairments. MMP9 inhibition thus appears to be able to interrupt the vicious circle that maintains the long-lasting deleterious effects of the reciprocal interaction between oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, impacting on PVI/PNN integrity. Translation of these experimental findings to first episode patients revealed an increase in plasma soluble RAGE relative to healthy controls. This increase was associated with low prefrontal GABA levels, potentially predicting a central inhibitory/excitatory imbalance linked to RAGE shedding. This study paves the way for mechanistically related biomarkers needed for early intervention and MMP9/RAGE pathway modulation may lead to promising drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Dwir
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Basilio Giangreco
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lijing Xin
- Animal Imaging and Technology Core (AIT), Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Liliane Tenenbaum
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan-Harry Cabungcal
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Steullet
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Goupil
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Cleusix
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Jenni
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Abdelwahed Chtarto
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Erasme Hospital, 22, route de Lennik, B-1070, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Philipp S Baumann
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Klauser
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Michel Cuenod
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q Do
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Madireddy S, Madireddy S. Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Damage in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100742. [PMID: 33081261 PMCID: PMC7603028 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical integrity of the brain is paramount to the function of the central nervous system, and oxidative stress is a key contributor to cerebral biochemical impairment. Oxidative stress, which occurs when an imbalance arises between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the efficacy of the antioxidant defense mechanism, is believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of various brain disorders. One such disorder, schizophrenia, not only causes lifelong disability but also induces severe emotional distress; however, because of its onset in early adolescence or adulthood and its progressive development, consuming natural antioxidant products may help regulate the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Therefore, elucidating the functions of ROS and dietary antioxidants in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia could help formulate improved therapeutic strategies for its prevention and treatment. This review focuses specifically on the roles of ROS and oxidative damage in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, as well as the effects of nutrition, antipsychotic use, cognitive therapies, and quality of life on patients with schizophrenia. By improving our understanding of the effects of various nutrients on schizophrenia, it may become possible to develop nutritional strategies and supplements to treat the disorder, alleviate its symptoms, and facilitate long-term recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samskruthi Madireddy
- Independent Researcher, 1353 Tanaka Drive, San Jose, CA 95131, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-408-9214162
| | - Sahithi Madireddy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
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23
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Gao J, Yi H, Tang X, Feng X, Yu M, Sha W, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang X. Corrigendum: DNA Methylation and Gene Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Gene in Deficit and Non-deficit Schizophrenia. Front Genet 2020; 11:823. [PMID: 32922433 PMCID: PMC7456980 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Gao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Centers of Disease Prevention and Control for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotang Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Qing Long Mountain Psychiatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Sha
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Bitanihirwe BKY, Woo TUW. A conceptualized model linking matrix metalloproteinase-9 to schizophrenia pathogenesis. Schizophr Res 2020; 218:28-35. [PMID: 32001079 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is an extracellularly operating zinc-dependent endopeptidase that is commonly expressed in the brain, other tissues. It is synthesized in a latent zymogen form known as pro-MMP-9 that is subsequently converted to the active MMP-9 enzyme following cleavage of the pro-domain. Within the central nervous system, MMP-9 is localized and released from neurons, astrocytes and microglia where its expression levels are modulated by cytokines and growth factors during both normal and pathological conditions as well as by reactive oxygen species generated during oxidative stress. MMP-9 is involved in a number of key neurodevelopmental processes that are thought to be affected in schizophrenia, including maturation of the inhibitory neurons that contain the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin, developmental formation of the specialized extracellular matrix structure perineuronal net, synaptic pruning, and myelination. In this context, the present article provides a narrative synthesis of the existing evidence linking MMP-9 dysregulation to schizophrenia pathogenesis. We start by providing an overview of MMP-9 involvement in brain development and physiology. We then discuss the potential mechanisms through which MMP-9 dysregulation may affect neural circuitry maturation as well as how these anomalies may contribute to the disease process of schizophrenia. We conclude by articulating a comprehensive, cogent, and experimentally testable hypothesis linking MMP-9 to the developmental pathophysiologic cascade that triggers the onset and sustains the chronicity of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsung-Ung W Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Cellular Neuropathology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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25
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Oxidation-reduction mechanisms in psychiatric disorders: A novel target for pharmacological intervention. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 210:107520. [PMID: 32165136 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
While neurotransmitter dysfunction represents a key component in mental illnesses, there is now a wide agreement for a central pathophysiological hub that includes hormones, neuroinflammation, redox mechanisms as well as oxidative stress. With respect to oxidation-reduction (redox) mechanisms, preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that an imbalance in the pro/anti-oxidative homeostasis toward the increased production of substances with oxidizing potential may contribute to the etiology and manifestation of different psychiatric disorders. The substantial and continous demand for energy renders the brain highly susceptible to disturbances in its energy supply, especially following exposure to stressful events, which may lead to overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species under conditions of perturbed antioxidant defenses. This will eventually induce different molecular alterations, including extensive protein and lipid peroxidation, increased blood-brain barrier permeability and neuroinflammation, which may contribute to the changes in brain function and morphology observed in mental illnesses. This view may also reconcile different key concepts for psychiatric disorders, such as the neurodevelopmental origin of these diseases, as well as the vulnerability of selective cellular populations that are critical for specific functional abnormalities. The possibility to pharmacologically modulate the redox system is receiving increasing interest as a novel therapeutic strategy to counteract the detrimental effects of the unbalance in brain oxidative mechanisms. This review will describe the main mechanisms and mediators of the redox system and will examine the alterations of oxidative stress found in animal models of psychiatric disorders as well as in patients suffering from mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. In addition, it will discuss studies that examined the effects of psychotropic drugs, including antipsychotics and antidepressants, on the oxidative balance as well as studies that investigated the effectiveness of a direct modulation of oxidative mechanisms in counteracting the behavioral and functional alterations associated with psychiatric disorders, which supports the promising role of the redox system as a novel therapeutic target for the improved treatment of brain disorders.
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26
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Kudo N, Yamamori H, Ishima T, Nemoto K, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Azechi H, Niitsu T, Numata S, Ikeda M, Iyo M, Ohmori T, Fukunaga M, Watanabe Y, Hashimoto K, Hashimoto R. Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are associated with cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2020; 40:150-156. [PMID: 32022478 PMCID: PMC7722656 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) has been shown to modulate synaptic plasticity and may contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This study investigated the peripheral levels of MMP‐9 and its association with cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia to see the possible involvement of MMP‐9 in pathophysiology of schizophrenia, especially in cognitive decline. Methods We measured the plasma levels of MMP‐9 in 257 healthy controls and 249 patients with schizophrenia, including antipsychotic drug–free patients. We also explored the possible association between plasma MMP‐9 levels and cognitive performance in healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Third Edition (WAIS‐ III), the Wechsler Memory Scale‐Revised (WMS‐R), and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). Results We found that the plasma levels of MMP‐9 were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia, including antipsychotic drug–free patients, than in healthy controls. We found a significant negative association between plasma MMP‐9 levels and cognitive performance in controls and patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion Together, these convergent data suggest a possible biological mechanism for schizophrenia, whereby increased MMP‐9 levels are associated with cognitive impairment. Plasma levels of MMP‐9 were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia and significant negative association between plasma MMP‐9 levels and cognitive performance was observed in controls and patients with schizophrenia.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kudo
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Japan Community Health care Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamaki Ishima
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Azechi
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Tomihisa Niitsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohmori
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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27
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Arabska J, Margulska A, Strzelecki D, Wysokiński A. Does metabolic status affect serum levels of BDNF and MMP-9 in patients with schizophrenia? Nord J Psychiatry 2019; 73:515-521. [PMID: 31464540 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2019.1658126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the article: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are involved in the processes of neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Growing number of studies shows a relationship between BDNF or MMP-9 and schizophrenia. Also, BDNF and MMP-9 levels may be affected by metabolic parameters, such as obesity or dyslipidemia. Our hypothesis is that alterations of BDNF or MMP-9 levels in schizophrenia might be secondary to metabolic abnormalities, often found among schizophrenia patients. Materials and methods: We have compared BDNF and MMP-9 between patients with schizophrenia (n = 64, age 49 ± 8.2 y) and healthy controls (n = 32, age 51 ± 8.9 y) in the context of cardio-metabolic parameters. Serum levels of BDNF and MMP-9 were measured using ELISA test, body composition parameters were determined using bioelectric impedance analysis. Results and conclusions: Our results showed significantly lowered serum BDNF concentration in the schizophrenia group (schizophrenia: 23.8 ± 7.83 ng/mL, control: 27.69 ± 8.11 ng/mL, p = 0.03). Serum MMP-9 concentration in schizophrenia group did not differ compared with the control group (schizophrenia: 456.8 ± 278.4 ng/mL, control: 341.5 ± 162.4 ng/mL, p = 0.07). After adjusting for age, all anthropometric parameters, body composition and laboratory tests BDNF were still significantly lower in the schizophrenia group. However, MMP-9 became significantly elevated in the schizophrenia group after adjusting for several anthropometric and body composition covariates. Our results confirmed reduced serum BDNF concentration in patients with schizophrenia. Also, this reduction seems to be independent of metabolic abnormalities. On the other hand, our hypothesis that MMP-9 level in schizophrenia is altered due to metabolic abnormalities might be true.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaśmina Arabska
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Aleksandra Margulska
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Adam Wysokiński
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
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28
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Xia QR, Zhang C, Liang J, Xu YY. The association of functional polymorphism of matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene ( rs3918242) with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2019; 23:207-214. [PMID: 31094241 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2019.1581895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Schizophrenia has a strong genetic basis. It is reported that the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) -1562C/T polymorphism (rs3918242) may be associated with schizophrenia; however, current evidences are conflicting. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Web of Science to identify all the available evidences of the association of schizophrenia with rs3918242 polymorphism. Baseline information and genotype distribution were extracted from eligible study for quantitative data synthesis. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to estimate the effect size. Quality assessment was performed for each study using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results: Four eligible studies were included in this study. Data synthesis indicated that rs3918242 polymorphism was not associated with schizophrenia (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.69-1.58), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 75%, p = .007). No publication bias was visually observed according to funnel plot. Sensitivity analysis showed a significant association (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.03-1.63) when a specific study was removed. Conclusions: MMP-9 rs3918242 polymorphism may not be associated with schizophrenia. Given a crucial role of MMP-9 molecule on the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, this result should be verified by more studies with scientifically rigorous design and large population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Rong Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital , Hefei City , PR China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Cancer Institute , Hefei City , PR China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital , Hefei City , PR China
| | - Ya-Yun Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital , Hefei City , PR China
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29
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Beroun A, Mitra S, Michaluk P, Pijet B, Stefaniuk M, Kaczmarek L. MMPs in learning and memory and neuropsychiatric disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3207-3228. [PMID: 31172215 PMCID: PMC6647627 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of over twenty proteases, operating chiefly extracellularly to cleave components of the extracellular matrix, cell adhesion molecules as well as cytokines and growth factors. By virtue of their expression and activity patterns in animal models and clinical investigations, as well as functional studies with gene knockouts and enzyme inhibitors, MMPs have been demonstrated to play a paramount role in many physiological and pathological processes in the brain. In particular, they have been shown to influence learning and memory processes, as well as major neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, various kinds of addiction, epilepsy, fragile X syndrome, and depression. A possible link connecting all those conditions is either physiological or aberrant synaptic plasticity where some MMPs, e.g., MMP-9, have been demonstrated to contribute to the structural and functional reorganization of excitatory synapses that are located on dendritic spines. Another common theme linking the aforementioned pathological conditions is neuroinflammation and MMPs have also been shown to be important mediators of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Beroun
- BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute, Pasteura 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Michaluk
- BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute, Pasteura 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Pijet
- BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute, Pasteura 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Leszek Kaczmarek
- BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute, Pasteura 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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30
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Gao J, Yi H, Tang X, Feng X, Yu M, Sha W, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang X. DNA Methylation and Gene Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Gene in Deficit and Non-deficit Schizophrenia. Front Genet 2018; 9:646. [PMID: 30619470 PMCID: PMC6297256 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological pathology of deficit schizophrenia (DS) remains unclear. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) might be associated with neural plasticity and glutamate regulation, involved in schizophrenia pathogenesis. This study explores gene expression and DNA methylation of MMP9 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and their relationship with clinical symptoms in DS and non-deficit schizophrenia (NDS). Pyrosequencing was used to determine DNA methylation at CpG sites in exon 4 and exon 5 of MMP9 in 51 DS patients, 53 NDS patients and 50 healthy subjects (HC). RT-qPCR was used to detect MMP9 expression. Clinical symptoms were assessed by BPRS, SANS and SAPS scales. MMP9 expression in PBMCs was significantly higher in DS than NDS and HC subjects. Compared to NDS patients, DS patients had significantly lower DNA methylation at individual CpG sites in exon 4 and exon 5 of MMP9. Correlation analysis showed that DNA methylation in exon 4 was negatively correlated with gene expression in DS group. Positive correlation was found between MMP9 expression and negative symptoms in total schizophrenic patients. The social amotivation factor of SANS and negative syndrome of BPRS was negatively correlated with DNA methylation of CpG5-1 in DS patients but not in NDS patients. DS patients showed a specific abnormality of peripheral MMP9 expression and DNA methylation, indicating a pathological mechanism underlying DS as a specific subgroup of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Gao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Centers of Disease Prevention and Control for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotang Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Qing Long Mountain Psychiatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Sha
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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31
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An H, Du X, Huang X, Qi L, Jia Q, Yin G, Xiao C, Huang XF, Ning Y, Cassidy RM, Wang L, Soares JC, Zhang XY. Obesity, altered oxidative stress, and clinical correlates in chronic schizophrenia patients. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:258. [PMID: 30498208 PMCID: PMC6265271 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic pharmacotherapy is strongly obesogenic and is associated with increased oxidative stress in patients with schizophrenia. However, whether these changes reflect psychopathology, antipsychotic efficacy, or some other factor is not known. Our study aims to investigate the degree of oxidative stress in different BMI categories and to identify clinical symptomatology that may be paired with increased oxidative stress in a schizophrenia population. To this end, we performed a cross-sectional study and recruited 89 long-term inpatients with schizophrenia and collected the following variables: plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), routine biochemical analysis, and psychopathology through the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The results indicate that the levels of the lipid peroxidation product, MDA, were significantly higher in the high BMI group than the low (normal) BMI group. As expected, high BMI was associated with an atherogenic lipid profile; however, it was also associated with fewer psychopathological symptoms. Multiple regression analysis found that MDA levels, the PANSS general psychopathology subscore, and triglyceride levels (all p < 0.05) were independent contributors to the BMI in patients. These results suggested that oxidative stress may play an important role in antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Further investigations using the longitudinal design in first-episode schizophrenia patients are needed to explore the beneficial effect of antioxidants on the abnormal lipid metabolism mediated by antipsychotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei An
- 0000 0001 2256 9319grid.11135.37Beijing Hui-Long-Guan hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Du
- 0000 0001 0198 0694grid.263761.7Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xingbing Huang
- 0000 0000 8653 1072grid.410737.6The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyan Qi
- 0000 0001 2256 9319grid.11135.37Beijing Hui-Long-Guan hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiufang Jia
- 0000 0001 0198 0694grid.263761.7Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Guangzhong Yin
- 0000 0001 0198 0694grid.263761.7Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Chunling Xiao
- 0000 0001 2256 9319grid.11135.37Beijing Hui-Long-Guan hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- 0000 0004 0486 528Xgrid.1007.6School of Medicine, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW2522 Australia
| | - Yuping Ning
- 0000 0000 8653 1072grid.410737.6The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ryan M Cassidy
- 0000 0000 9206 2401grid.267308.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Li Wang
- 0000 0004 1797 8574grid.454868.3Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jair C. Soares
- 0000 0000 9206 2401grid.267308.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. .,Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.
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González-Blanco L, García-Portilla MP, García-Álvarez L, de la Fuente-Tomás L, Iglesias García C, Sáiz PA, Rodríguez-González S, Coto-Montes A, Bobes J. Oxidative stress biomarkers and clinical dimensions in first 10 years of schizophrenia. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2018; 11:130-140. [PMID: 29691142 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have described increased oxidative stress parameters in patients with schizophrenia. The objectives of the current study were to identify potential oxidative stress biomarkers in stable patients during first 10 years of schizophrenia and determine if they are associated with specific clinical dimensions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-three clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia and 73 sex and age-matched healthy controls were recruited. Sociodemographic, clinical and biological data were collected at enrollment. Blood biomarkers included homocysteine, the percentage of hemolysis, lipid peroxidation subproducts, and as an antioxidant biomarker, catalase activity in erythrocytes. RESULTS Comparative analyses after controlling for smoking and metabolic syndrome evidenced a significant increase in catalase activity in patients. Also, lower lipid peroxidation levels showed an association with negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, compensatory antioxidant mechanisms might be increased in stable patients with schizophrenia at early stages. Furthermore, there may be an inverse relationship between oxidative stress and negative dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia González-Blanco
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, España.
| | - María Paz García-Portilla
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, España
| | - Leticia García-Álvarez
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, España
| | | | - Celso Iglesias García
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, España; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, Langreo, España
| | - Pilar A Sáiz
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, España
| | | | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España
| | - Julio Bobes
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, España
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Jordan W, Dobrowolny H, Bahn S, Bernstein HG, Brigadski T, Frodl T, Isermann B, Lessmann V, Pilz J, Rodenbeck A, Schiltz K, Schwedhelm E, Tumani H, Wiltfang J, Guest PC, Steiner J. Oxidative stress in drug-naïve first episode patients with schizophrenia and major depression: effects of disease acuity and potential confounders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:129-143. [PMID: 27913877 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and immune dysregulation have been linked to schizophrenia and depression. However, it is unknown whether these factors are related to the pathophysiology or whether they are an epiphenomenon. Inconsistent oxidative stress-related findings in previous studies may have resulted from the use of different biomarkers which show disparate aspects of oxidative stress. Additionally, disease severity, medication, smoking, endocrine stress axis activation and obesity are potential confounders. In order to address some of these shortcomings, we have analyzed a broader set of oxidative stress biomarkers in our exploratory study, including urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), 8-OH-2-deoyxguanosine (8-OH-2-dG), and blood levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in acutely ill drug-naïve first episode patients with schizophrenia (n = 22), major depression (n = 18), and controls (n = 43). Possible confounding factors were considered, and patients were followed-up after 6 weeks of treatment. No differences were observed regarding 8-OH-2-dG, MDA and GST. At baseline, 8-iso-PGF2α levels were higher in patients with schizophrenia (p = 0.004) and major depression (p = 0.037), with a trend toward higher SOD concentrations in schizophrenia (p = 0.053). After treatment, schizophrenia patients showed a further increase in 8-iso-PGF2α (p = 0.016). These results were not related to age, sex, disease severity, medication or adipose tissue mass. However, 8-iso-PGF2α was associated with smoking, endocrine stress axis activation, C-reactive protein levels and low plasma concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. This study suggests a role of lipid peroxidation particularly in drug-naïve acutely ill schizophrenia patients and highlights the importance of taking into account other confounding factors in biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Jordan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Magdeburg Hospital GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Brigadski
- Institute of Physiology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Lessmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Pilz
- Laboratory of Stress Monitoring, Hardegsen, Germany
| | - Andrea Rodenbeck
- Sleep Laboratory, Department of Pneumology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Goettingen-Weende gGmbH, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Clinical Chronobiology, Institute of Physiology, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charite, University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kolja Schiltz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hayrettin Tumani
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Fachklinik für Neurologie Dietenbronn, Schwendi, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Paul C Guest
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Dogan HO, Ersan EE, Aydin H, Erdoğan S, Erşan S, Alişik M, Bakir S, Erel Ö, Koç D. Thiol Disulfide Homeostasis in Schizophrenic Patients Using Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 16:39-45. [PMID: 29397665 PMCID: PMC5810441 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2018.16.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Schizophrenia is a severe, debilitating mental disorder characterized by behavioral abnormalities. Although several studies have investigated the role of oxidative stress and the effects of antipsychotic drugs on oxidative markers in schizophrenia, adequate information is not available on these issues. The aim of this study is to determine the changes in oxidative status and thiol disulfide homeostasis in schizophrenic patients using atypical antipsychotic drugs. Methods Thirteen schizophrenic patients using atypical antipsychotic drugs and 30 healthy controls were included this study. The concentrations of total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels were determined in the study population. Results The TAS (p=0.001), total thiol, and native thiol levels (p<0.001) were higher in the patients compared to the controls, whereas the TOS and disulfide levels were lower in the patients than in the controls (p<0.001). Conclusion These results may suggest that atypical antipsychotic drugs have a useful therapeutic effect by reducing oxidative stress via the inhibition of the formation of disulfide bonds. The study population number was one of the limitations of this study. Therefore, further studies are needed to establish the association between thiol disulfide homeostasis in schizophrenic patients using atypical antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halef Okan Dogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | | | - Hüseyin Aydin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Serpil Erdoğan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serpil Erşan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Murat Alişik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevtap Bakir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Koç
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Redox dysregulation, immuno-inflammatory alterations and genetic variants of BDNF and MMP-9 in schizophrenia: Pathophysiological and phenotypic implications. Schizophr Res 2017; 188:98-109. [PMID: 28100419 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a clear mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ) remains elusive, oxidative stress, inflammatory syndrome and immune activation have become an attractive hypothesis for explaining the pathophysiology of SZ. Data from prior studies on the role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SZ are contradictory. We aimed to investigate whether oxidative stress, inflammatory and immune activation markers as well as MMP-9 levels may be implicated in SZ pathogenesis. The association of MMP-9 and BDNF SNPs with the clinical expression of SZ was examined. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Ninety-four subjects were recruited, including 44 SZ patients and 50 healthy controls. Serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl content (PCC), nitrite, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Beta-2 microglobulin (Β2M), complement component 3 (C3), C4 and MMP-9 were measured. The MMP-9 -1562C>T and BDNF196G>A SNPs were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Psychopathology was assessed using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). RESULTS SZ patients showed significantly higher TBARS, PCC, nitrite, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, Β2M, C3 and MMP-9 levels than controls. In distinguishing SZ patients from healthy controls, CRP and MMP-9 yielded similar discriminatory performance, and both perform better than IL-6, Β2M, C3, nitrite, TBARS, PCC, TNF-α and C4. The MMP-9 -1562C>T SNP genotypes distribution didn't differ significantly between controls and SZ patients. As compared to controls, SZ patients harbor a significantly higher frequency of the BDNF196GG genotype and a lower frequency of the BDNF196GA/AA genotype. Patients carrying the MMP-9 -1562CC or BDNF196GG genotype revealed a significantly higher PANSS than those carrying MMP-9 -1562CT/TT or BDNF196GA/AA genotype. Male gender and the MMP-9 -1562CC genotype were identified as independent predictive factors for higher PANSS. CONCLUSIONS Redox dysregulation and alterations in the immuno-inflammatory pathways are major culprits in the pathogenesis of SZ. MMP-9 and BDNF SNPs are associated with the clinical phenotype of SZ and, thus, may be a useful marker predicting the phenotypic expression and prognosis of SZ patients.
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Najjar S, Pahlajani S, De Sanctis V, Stern JNH, Najjar A, Chong D. Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction and Blood-Brain Barrier Hyperpermeability Contribute to Schizophrenia Neurobiology: A Theoretical Integration of Clinical and Experimental Evidence. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:83. [PMID: 28588507 PMCID: PMC5440518 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, negative symptoms, as well as behavioral and cognitive dysfunction. It is a pathoetiologically heterogeneous disorder involving complex interrelated mechanisms that include oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Neurovascular endothelial dysfunction and blood-brain barrier (BBB) hyperpermeability are established mechanisms in neurological disorders with comorbid psychiatric symptoms such as epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease. Schizophrenia is frequently comorbid with medical conditions associated with peripheral vascular endothelial dysfunction, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus. However, the existence and etiological relevance of neurovascular endothelial dysfunction and BBB hyperpermeability in schizophrenia are still not well recognized. Here, we review the growing clinical and experimental evidence, indicating that neurovascular endotheliopathy and BBB hyperpermeability occur in schizophrenia patients. We present a theoretical integration of human and animal data linking oxidative stress and neuroinflammation to neurovascular endotheliopathy and BBB breakdown in schizophrenia. These abnormalities may contribute to the cognitive and behavioral symptoms of schizophrenia via several mechanisms involving reduced cerebral perfusion and impaired homeostatic processes of cerebral microenvironment. Furthermore, BBB disruption can facilitate interactions between brain innate and peripheral adaptive immunity, thereby perpetuating harmful neuroimmune signals and toxic neuroinflammatory responses, which can also contribute to the symptoms of schizophrenia. Taken together, these findings support the "mild encephalitis" hypothesis of schizophrenia. If neurovascular abnormalities prove to be etiologically relevant to the neurobiology of schizophrenia, then targeting these abnormalities may represent a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhel Najjar
- Department of Neurology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Neuroinflammation Division, Department of Neurology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silky Pahlajani
- Neuroinflammation Division, Department of Neurology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Virginia De Sanctis
- Neuroinflammation Division, Department of Neurology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel N H Stern
- Department of Neurology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Neuroinflammation Division, Department of Neurology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Najjar
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Derek Chong
- Department of Neurology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Paylor JW, Lins BR, Greba Q, Moen N, de Moraes RS, Howland JG, Winship IR. Developmental disruption of perineuronal nets in the medial prefrontal cortex after maternal immune activation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37580. [PMID: 27876866 PMCID: PMC5120325 DOI: 10.1038/srep37580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal infection during pregnancy increases the risk of offspring developing schizophrenia later in life. Similarly, animal models of maternal immune activation (MIA) induce behavioural and anatomical disturbances consistent with a schizophrenia-like phenotype in offspring. Notably, cognitive impairments in tasks dependent on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are observed in humans with schizophrenia and in offspring after MIA during pregnancy. Recent studies of post-mortem tissue from individuals with schizophrenia revealed deficits in extracellular matrix structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs), particularly in PFC. Given these findings, we examined PNNs over the course of development in a well-characterized rat model of MIA using polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C). We found selective reductions of PNNs in the PFC of polyI:C offspring which did not manifest until early adulthood. These deficits were not associated with changes in parvalbumin cell density, but a decrease in the percentage of parvalbumin cells surrounded by a PNN. Developmental expression of PNNs was also significantly altered in the amygdala of polyI:C offspring. Our results indicate MIA causes region specific developmental abnormalities in PNNs in the PFC of offspring. These findings confirm the polyI:C model replicates neuropathological alterations associated with schizophrenia and may identify novel mechanisms for cognitive and emotional dysfunction in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Paylor
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.,Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2B7, AB, Canada
| | - Brittney R Lins
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E5, SK, Canada
| | - Quentin Greba
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E5, SK, Canada
| | - Nicholas Moen
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | | | - John G Howland
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E5, SK, Canada
| | - Ian R Winship
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.,Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2B7, AB, Canada
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Strzelecki D, Kałużyńska O, Szyburska J, Wysokiński A. MMP-9 Serum Levels in Schizophrenic Patients during Treatment Augmentation with Sarcosine (Results of the PULSAR Study). Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1075. [PMID: 27409603 PMCID: PMC4964451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Find changes in matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) levels during augmentation of antipsychotic treatment with sarcosine and a relationship between schizophrenia symptoms severity and initial level of MMP-9. METHOD Fifty-eight patients with diagnosis of schizophrenia with predominant negative symptoms participated in a six-month prospective RCT (randomized controlled trial). The patients received two grams of sarcosine (n = 28) or placebo (n = 30) daily. At the beginning, after six weeks and after six months MMP-9 levels were measured. Severity of symptomatology was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). RESULTS MMP-9 serum levels were stable after six weeks and six months in both groups. We noted improvement in negative symptoms, general psychopathology and total PANSS score in sarcosine group compared to placebo; however, there was no correlations between serum MMP-9 concentrations and PANSS scores in all assessments. Initial serum MMP-9 concentrations cannot be used as an improvement predictor acquired during sarcosine augmentation. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that either MMP-9 is not involved in the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-dependent mechanism of sarcosine action in terms of clinical parameters or sarcosine induced changes in peripheral MMP-9 concentrations cannot be detected in blood assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Central Clinical Hospital, Czechosłowacka 8/10, 92-216 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Olga Kałużyńska
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Central Clinical Hospital, Czechosłowacka 8/10, 92-216 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Justyna Szyburska
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Central Clinical Hospital, Czechosłowacka 8/10, 92-216 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Adam Wysokiński
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Central Clinical Hospital, Czechosłowacka 8/10, 92-216 Łódź, Poland.
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