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Mapping Evidence of Self-Sampling to Diagnose Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women: A Scoping Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081803. [PMID: 35892514 PMCID: PMC9331851 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major global healthcare burden, disproportionately affecting women. Self-sampling interventions for diagnostic purposes have the potential to improve STI healthcare management and expand STI services. However, there is currently no published evidence of the global use of self-sampling interventions to diagnose STIs in women. The main aim of this scoping review was to map evidence on the use of self-sampling interventions to diagnose STIs in women. Methodology: The methodology of this scoping review was guided by Arksey and O’Malley and Levac. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline (EBSCO), ProQuest, and Cochrane. For grey literature, a search was conducted in Open Grey, World Health Organization, Google, and conference proceedings and dissertations. All search results were screened and assessed for eligibility. Thereafter data from eligible studies was extracted and analysed. The quality of these studies was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool 2018 version. Results: A total of 770 articles were retrieved from databases and grey literature sources. A total of 44 studies were eligible for data extraction following title, abstract and full-text screening. Of the included studies, 63% presented evidence of research conducted in high-income countries and 37% presented evidence in low- and middle-income countries. Studies presented evidence on the following: feasibility of self-sampling in remote areas; acceptance and ease of use of self-sampling interventions; types of self-sampled specimens; pooled samples for diagnosing STIs; laboratory diagnostic assays for STI using self-sampled specimens; and self-testing of self-sampled specimens. Conclusions: Self-sampling interventions are feasible and easy to use and, therefore, can improve STI management and treatment in women across various age groups and various access levels to good-quality healthcare. Despite this, there is a lack of evidence of self-sampling interventions designed according to user preferences. We recommend studies to collaborate with women to co-develop user-friendly self-sampling interventions to diagnose STIs in women.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review updates progress in the human papillomavirus (HPV)-based revolution in cervical screening and vaccination predicted to eventually eliminate cervical cancer. RECENT FINDINGS HPV PCR, patented by the author in 1987, has recently begun to replace cytology for primary cervical screening. I highlight the findings from large randomized clinical trials that have brought about this change, and progress with implementation. Australia was the first to introduce a national, publicly-funded HPV PCR-based program of primary screening, on 1 December 2017. The United Kingdom is set to follow, as are other countries. The widespread preference of self-sampling by under-screened women in particular will increase the effectiveness of population screening when using HPV tests. Coupled with improved vaccination now that more effective (nonavalent) HPV vaccines are being introduced, recent modeling predicts that cervical cancer will be markedly reduced, or even eliminated, in coming decades. SUMMARY The recent or pending change to more accurate cervical screening by HPV detection using PCR in various countries means less frequent screening for women. Women with an aversion to having their sample collected by a physician can collect their sample themselves, either at the doctor's rooms or at home, the sample then being mailed to the testing laboratory.
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Morris BJ, Moreton S, Krieger JN. Critical evaluation of arguments opposing male circumcision: A systematic review. J Evid Based Med 2019; 12:263-290. [PMID: 31496128 PMCID: PMC6899915 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate evidence against male circumcision (MC). METHODS We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. RESULTS Database searches retrieved 297 publications for inclusion. Bibliographies of these yielded 101 more. After evaluation we found: Claims that MC carries high risk were contradicted by low frequency of adverse events that were virtually all minor and easily treated with complete resolution. Claims that MC causes psychological harm were contradicted by studies finding no such harm. Claims that MC impairs sexual function and pleasure were contradicted by high-quality studies finding no adverse effect. Claims disputing the medical benefits of MC were contradicted by a large body of high-quality evidence indicating protection against a wide range of infections, dermatological conditions, and genital cancers in males and the female sexual partners of men. Risk-benefit analyses reported that benefits exceed risks by 100-200 to 1. To maximize benefits and minimize risks, the evidence supported early infant MC rather than arguments that the procedure should be delayed until males are old enough to decide for themselves. Claims that MC of minors is unethical were contradicted by balanced evaluations of ethical issues supporting the rights of children to be provided with low-risk, high-benefit interventions such as MC for better health. Expert evaluations of case-law supported the legality of MC of minors. Other data demonstrated that early infant MC is cost-saving to health systems. CONCLUSIONS Arguments opposing MC are supported mostly by low-quality evidence and opinion, and are contradicted by strong scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - John N Krieger
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
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Morris BJ, Hankins CA, Banerjee J, Lumbers ER, Mindel A, Klausner JD, Krieger JN. Does Male Circumcision Reduce Women's Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections, Cervical Cancer, and Associated Conditions? Front Public Health 2019; 7:4. [PMID: 30766863 PMCID: PMC6365441 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Male circumcision (MC) is proven to substantially reduce men's risk of a number of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We conducted a detailed systematic review of the scientific literature to determine the relationship between MC and risk of STIs and associated conditions in women. Methods: Database searches by "circumcision women" and "circumcision female" identified 68 relevant articles for inclusion. Examination of bibliographies of these yielded 14 further publications. Each was rated for quality using a conventional rating system. Results: Evaluation of the data from the studies retrieved showed that MC is associated with a reduced risk in women of being infected by oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and of contracting cervical cancer. Data from randomized controlled trials and other studies has confirmed that partner MC reduces women's risk not only of oncogenic HPV, but as well Trichomonas vaginalis, bacterial vaginosis and possibly genital ulcer disease. For herpes simplex virus type 2, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, human immunodeficiency virus and candidiasis, the evidence is mixed. Male partner MC did not reduce risk of gonorrhea, Mycoplasma genitalium, dysuria or vaginal discharge in women. Conclusion: MC reduces risk of oncogenic HPV genotypes, cervical cancer, T. vaginalis, bacterial vaginosis and possibly genital ulcer disease in women. The reduction in risk of these STIs and cervical cancer adds to the data supporting global efforts to deploy MC as a health-promoting and life-saving public health measure and supplements other STI prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Morris
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine A. Hankins
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Bloomsbury, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eugenie R. Lumbers
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Adrian Mindel
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D. Klausner
- Division of Infectious Diseases and the Program in Global Health, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles Care Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - John N. Krieger
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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Damásdi M, Jakab F, Kovács K, Oldal M, Kemenesi G, Szabó E, Vályi-Nagy I, Pytel Á, Farkas L, Szántó Á. Prevalence and Type Diversity of Human Papillomaviruses in Penile Cancers in Hungary. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 22:643-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-0026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Daponte A, Pournaras S, Tsakris A. Self-sampling for high-risk human papillomavirus detection: future cervical cancer screening? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 10:115-8. [PMID: 24601801 DOI: 10.2217/whe.14.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Daponte
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
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Morris BJ, Hankins CA, Tobian AAR, Krieger JN, Klausner JD. Does Male Circumcision Protect against Sexually Transmitted Infections? Arguments and Meta-Analyses to the Contrary Fail to Withstand Scrutiny. ISRN UROLOGY 2014; 2014:684706. [PMID: 24944836 PMCID: PMC4040210 DOI: 10.1155/2014/684706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We critically evaluate a recent article by Van Howe involving 12 meta-analyses that concludes, contrary to current evidence, that male circumcision increases the risk of various common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Our detailed scrutiny reveals that these meta-analyses (1) failed to include results of all relevant studies, especially data from randomized controlled trials, (2) introduced bias through use of inappropriate control groups, (3) altered original data, in the case of human papillomavirus (HPV), by questionable adjustments for "sampling bias," (4) failed to control for confounders through use of crude odds ratios, and (5) used unnecessarily complicated methods without adequate explanation, so impeding replication by others. Interventions that can reduce the prevalence of STIs are important to international health. Of major concern is the global epidemic of oncogenic types of HPV that contribute to the burden of genital cancers. Meta-analyses, when well conducted, can better inform public health policy and medical practice, but when seriously flawed can have detrimental consequences. Our critical evaluation leads us to reject the findings and conclusions of Van Howe on multiple grounds. Our timely analysis thus reaffirms the medical evidence supporting male circumcision as a desirable intervention for STI prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Morris
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Catherine A. Hankins
- Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Centre and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, University of Amsterdam, 1100DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Aaron A. R. Tobian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - John N. Krieger
- Section of Urology University of Washington School of Medicine and VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Klausner
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Program in Global Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Mantzana P, Pournaras S, Skentou C, Deligeoroglou E, Katsioulis A, Antonakopoulos G, Hadjichristodoulou C, Tsakris A, Messinis IE, Daponte A. Applicability of self-obtained urine and vaginal samples for HPV-16, -18, -31 and -45 cervical cancer screening in pregnancy: a pilot cross-sectional study. Future Virol 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.14.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Aim: To conduct a pilot cross-sectional study to evaluate the rates of detection of four common high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) types using first-void urine paired with vaginal self-obtained samples in a nonvaccinated population of pregnant women. We also aimed to compare these results with a matched nonpregnant group in order to test the applicability of self-sampled hr-HPV cervical cancer screening during antenatal visits. Materials & methods: Samples from 550 pregnant women were subjected to hr-HPV-16, -18, -31 and -45 type detection by inhouse PCR and compared with 250 paired urine, vaginal and cervical samples from an age-matched cohort of nonpregnant women. Results: Comparing overall hr-HPV prevalence in urine and vaginal samples between pregnant (15 out of 550; 2.7%) and nonpregnant women (eight out of 250; 3.2%) for each HPV type revealed no significant differences. All paired urine/vaginal samples were both positive for the same type of hr-HPV and there was no positive urine sample with the other samples being negative. Conclusion: hr-HPV detection in pregnant women using self-obtained urine and vaginal samples seems to be a feasible cervical cancer screening method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Mantzana
- Department of Microbiology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spyros Pournaras
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chara Skentou
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthimios Deligeoroglou
- Division of Pediatric–Adolescent Gynecology & Reconstructive Surgery, 2nd Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Katsioulis
- Department of Hygiene & Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - George Antonakopoulos
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christos Hadjichristodoulou
- Department of Hygiene & Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athanassios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis E Messinis
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexandros Daponte
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Darlin L, Borgfeldt C, Forslund O, Hénic E, Dillner J, Kannisto P. Vaginal self-sampling without preservative for human papillomavirus testing shows good sensitivity. J Clin Virol 2013; 56:52-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Morris BJ, Wodak AD, Mindel A, Schrieber L, Duggan KA, Dilley A, Willcourt RJ, Lowy M, Cooper DA, Lumbers ER, Russell CT, Leeder SR. Infant male circumcision: An evidence-based policy statement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ojpm.2012.21012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Morris BJ, Waskett JH, Gray RH, Halperin DT, Wamai R, Auvert B, Klausner JD. Exposé of misleading claims that male circumcision will increase HIV infections in Africa. J Public Health Afr 2011; 2:e28. [PMID: 28299069 PMCID: PMC5345501 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2011.e28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite over two decades of extensive research showing that male circumcision protects against heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men, and that includes findings from large randomized controlled trials leading to acceptance by the WHO/UNAIDS and the Cochrane Committee, opponents of circumcision continue to generate specious arguments to the contrary. In a recent issue of the Journal of Public Health in Africa, Van Howe and Storms claim that male circumcision will increase HIV infections in Africa. Here we review the statements they use in support of their thesis and show that there is no scientific basis to such an assertion. We also evaluate the statistics used and show that when these data are properly analyzed the results lead to a contrary conclusion affirming the major role of male circumcision in protecting against HIV infection in Africa. Researchers, policy makers and the wider community should rely on balanced scholarship when assessing scientific evidence. We trust that our assessment may help refute the claims by Van Howe and Storms, and provide reassurance on the importance of circumcision for HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jake H. Waskett
- Circumcision Independent Reference and Commentary Service, Radcliffe, Manchester, UK
| | - Ronald H. Gray
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel T. Halperin
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Wamai
- Department of African-American Studies, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey D. Klausner
- Divisions of AIDS & Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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[HPV-Hr detection by home self sampling in women not compliant with pap test for cervical cancer screening. Results of a pilot programme in Bouches-du-Rhône]. Bull Cancer 2011; 98:723-31. [PMID: 21700548 DOI: 10.1684/bdc.2011.1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The non-participation to cervical screening is the major determinant in the risk of mortality due to cervical cancer. In France, around 40% of women do not participate to regular screening. The cultural or economic barriers for performing screening by Pap test are numerous; one of the most frequent is the refusal of gynaecological examination. A persistent HPV(HR) infection is a necessary factor for developing cervical cancer. The HPV(HR) testing has a high sensibility to detect high grade cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN 2-3) and a satisfactory specificity after 30-35 years old. The principal objective of this study was to compare the participation rates in women 35-69 years old who did not perform a Pap test after a first individual invitation, either when an HPV(HR) auto-test was offered to be performed at home or a second invitation to Pap test was sent. We also evaluated the quality of the two tests, the positive results obtained by age groups and the following histological type of lesions diagnosed in the women with positive results. The study included 9,334 women, 35-69 years old, who did not realized a Pap-test during the 2 previous years and who did not respond at a first individual invitation. These non-responders were randomized into two groups: one group (n=4,934) received a second individual invitation and the other (n=4,400) an offer of receiving and performing an HPV auto-test at home. In women 35-69 years the participation to the second invitation to Pap test was significantly lower (7.2%) than the participation to auto-test (26.4%) with P<0.001. The quality of the two tests was satisfactory; the auto-test was not altered by the postage to laboratory (non interpretable rate=1.4% [CI at 95%=0.65%; 2.15%]. From the 311 Pap tests done, 5.5% (17) were classified "abnormal" (nine ASCUS, one high grade and seven low grades). The follow up of 13 women out of 17 confirmed the diagnosis for 1 case of CIN2 and 2 cases of CIN3, 4 women are lost of follow up after 6 months. From the 939 HPV(HR) tests done, 6.2% (58) were positive. Such positivity rate was not influenced by age. Out of the 58 positive HPV(HR) cases, 27 only were of the 16 genotype (46.5% [CI 95%=33.7%; 59.3%]). This law rate is a consequence of an inversion of the ratio HPV 16 versus other types in women 60 years old and over. In this group, the follow-up of 36 women diagnosed five cases of CIN1, one of CIN2 and four of CIN3; 22 patients are lost of follow up at 6 months. Globally, in the studied population, an individual recall for pap test allowed to diagnose and treat 3 high grade lesions (7‰) and the dispatching of an auto test allowed the diagnosis and treatment of five high grade lesions (1,4‰), this difference is significant (P=0.02; OR=0.25 [0.05; 0.97]). The HPV(HR) auto-test seems to be better accepted than the Pap test in the 35-69 years old women previously non-responders to individual invitation, and the quality of the test is satisfactory. Such a test can be proposed to the 35-69 years old non-participant to Pap test to increase the coverage for cervical screening, if the rates of diagnostic examinations performed in case of an HPV(HR) positive is sufficiently high.
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Morris BJ, Gray RH, Castellsague X, Bosch FX, Halperin DT, Waskett JH, Hankins CA. The Strong Protective Effect of Circumcision against Cancer of the Penis. Adv Urol 2011; 2011:812368. [PMID: 21687572 PMCID: PMC3113366 DOI: 10.1155/2011/812368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Male circumcision protects against cancer of the penis, the invasive form of which is a devastating disease confined almost exclusively to uncircumcised men. Major etiological factors are phimosis, balanitis, and high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), which are more prevalent in the glans penis and coronal sulcus covered by the foreskin, as well as on the penile shaft, of uncircumcised men. Circumcised men clear HPV infections more quickly. Phimosis (a constricted foreskin opening impeding the passage of urine) is confined to uncircumcised men, in whom balanitis (affecting 10%) is more common than in circumcised men. Each is strongly associated with risk of penile cancer. These findings have led to calls for promotion of male circumcision, especially in infancy, to help reduce the global burden of penile cancer. Even more relevant globally is protection from cervical cancer, which is 10-times more common, being much higher in women with uncircumcised male partners. Male circumcision also provides indirect protection against various other infections in women, along with direct protection for men from a number of genital tract infections, including HIV. Given that adverse consequences of medical male circumcision, especially when performed in infancy, are rare, this simple prophylactic procedure should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Morris
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ronald H. Gray
- Population and Family Planning, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xavier Castellsague
- Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), IDIBELL, CIBERESP, RTICC, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - F. Xavier Bosch
- Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), IDIBELL, CIBERESP, RTICC, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel T. Halperin
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jake H. Waskett
- Circumcision Independent Reference and Commentary Service, Radcliffe, Manchester M261JR, UK
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Schmeink CE, Bekkers RLM, Massuger LFAG, Melchers WJG. The potential role of self-sampling for high-risk human papillomavirus detection in cervical cancer screening. Rev Med Virol 2011; 21:139-53. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Channa E. Schmeink
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - Ruud L. M. Bekkers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - Leon F. A. G. Massuger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - Willem J. G. Melchers
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Morris
- From the Basic & Clinical Genomics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Kroupis C, Vourlidis N. Human papilloma virus (HPV) molecular diagnostics. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 49:1783-99. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Baay MFD, Francois K, Lardon F, Van Royen P, Pauwels P, Vermorken JB, Peeters M, Verhoeven V. The presence of Y chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid in the female vaginal swab: possible implications for human papillomavirus testing. Cancer Epidemiol 2010; 35:101-3. [PMID: 21095173 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaginal self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) detection is the focus of recent research. However, it has been shown previously that male DNA can be detected in vaginal swabs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a female vaginal swab may reflect a male active HPV infection. METHODS Eleven women volunteered to take vaginal samples. The first sample was taken within hours after unprotected intercourse, the others each following morning for five consecutive days. On these samples, a Y-chromosomal locus, as a surrogate marker for HPV, was amplified by PCR. To investigate the prevalence of male DNA in self-obtained vaginal swabs, 282 swabs from 16 women enrolled in an ongoing HPV follow-up study were tested. RESULTS All baseline samples from the 11 women were positive for male DNA. In the follow-up samples, positivity ranged from day 1 till day 5, with a sharp drop from day 2 (91%) to day 3 (36%). Of 282 swabs, 23 (8.2%) were positive for male DNA. However, 10 of these 23 swabs were provided by one single woman. DISCUSSION Since HPV can be deposited by the male in the vagina, either through semen, or through exfoliated epithelial cells, our results are of some importance when testing for HPV in vaginal swabs. It is conceivable that women with acquired immunity to HPV, but with an HPV positive partner, are found to be HPV positive in the swab. However, larger studies on more diverse populations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc F D Baay
- Laboratory for Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Vacher-Lavenu MC. Dépistage du cancer du col utérin : actualités en 2010. Ann Pathol 2010; 30:28-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2010.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pow-Sang MR, Ferreira U, Pow-Sang JM, Nardi AC, Destefano V. Epidemiology and natural history of penile cancer. Urology 2010; 76:S2-6. [PMID: 20691882 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An extensive literature search was performed using the key words squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, phimosis, circumcision, chronic balanitis, cigarette smoking, genital warts and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. All selected studies were classified according to the level of evidence (LE). The final grades of recommendation were assigned after discussion by the full panel of the International Consultation on Penile Cancer in November 2008. The factors positively associated with invasive penile cancers include the presence of phimosis (LE 3a), tobacco smoking (LE 3a-4), chewing tobacco (LE 3a), injury to the penis (LE 3a), balanitis (LE 3a), genital warts (LE 3a), and high-risk HPV infection (LE 3a-4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela R Pow-Sang
- Department of Urology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Av. Angamos No. 2520, Surquillo, Lima, Peru.
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Baay MFD, Verhoeven V, Lambrechts HAJ, Pattyn GGO, Lardon F, Van Royen P, Vermorken JB. Feasibility of collecting self-sampled vaginal swabs by mail: quantity and quality of genomic DNA. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 28:1285-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-009-0776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Circumcision of males represents a surgical "vaccine" against a wide variety of infections, adverse medical conditions and potentially fatal diseases over their lifetime, and also protects their sexual partners. In experienced hands, this common, inexpensive procedure is very safe, can be pain-free and can be performed at any age. The benefits vastly outweigh risks. The enormous public health benefits include protection from urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted HIV, HPV, syphilis and chancroid, penile and prostate cancer, phimosis, thrush, and inflammatory dermatoses. In women circumcision of the male partner provides substantial protection from cervical cancer and chlamydia. Circumcision has socio-sexual benefits and reduces sexual problems with age. It has no adverse effect on penile sensitivity, function, or sensation during sexual arousal. Most women prefer the circumcised penis for appearance, hygiene and sex. Given the convincing epidemiological evidence and biological support, routine circumcision should be highly recommended by all health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Building F13, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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