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Wang Y, Morrissey JJ, Gupta P, Chauhan P, Pachynski RK, Harris PK, Chaudhuri A, Singamaneni S. Preservation of Proteins in Human Plasma through Metal-Organic Framework Encapsulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18598-18607. [PMID: 37015072 PMCID: PMC10484212 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Traditional cold chain systems of collection, transportation, and storage of biofluid specimens for eventual analysis pose a huge financial and environmental burden. These systems are impractical in pre-hospital and resource-limited settings, where refrigeration and electricity are not reliable or even available. Here, we develop an innovative technology using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a novel class of organic-inorganic hybrids with high thermal stability, as encapsulates for preserving the integrity of protein biomarkers in biofluids under ambient or non-refrigerated storage conditions. We encapsulate prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in whole patient plasma using hydrophilic zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) for preservation at 40 °C for 4 weeks and eventual on-demand reconstitution for antibody-based assays with recovery above 95% compared to storage at -20 °C. Without ZIF-90 encapsulation, only 10-30% of the PSA immunoactivity remained. Furthermore, we demonstrate encapsulation of multiple cancer biomarker proteins in whole patient plasma using ZIF-8 or ZIF-90 encapsulants for eventual on-demand reconstitution and analysis after 1 week at 40 °C. Overall, MOF encapsulation of patient biofluids is important as climate change may be affecting the stability and increase costs of maintaining biospecimen cold chain custody for the collection, transportation, and storage of biospecimens prior to analysis or for biobanking regardless of any countries' affluence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Jeremiah J. Morrissey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Prashant Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Pradeep Chauhan
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Russell K. Pachynski
- Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Peter K. Harris
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Aadel Chaudhuri
- Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, United States
- Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
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Hauser J, Dale M, Beck O, Schwenk JM, Stemme G, Fredolini C, Roxhed N. Microfluidic Device for Patient-Centric Multiplexed Assays with Readout in Centralized Laboratories. Anal Chem 2022; 95:1350-1358. [PMID: 36548393 PMCID: PMC9850402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patient-centric sampling strategies, where the patient performs self-sampling and ships the sample to a centralized laboratory for readout, are on the verge of widespread adaptation. However, the key to a successful patient-centric workflow is user-friendliness, with few noncritical user interactions, and simple, ideally biohazard-free shipment. Here, we present a capillary-driven microfluidic device designed to perform the critical biomarker capturing step of a multiplexed immunoassay at the time of sample collection. On-chip sample drying enables biohazard-free shipment and allows us to make use of advanced analytics of specialized laboratories that offer the needed analytical sensitivity, reliability, and affordability. Using C-Reactive Protein, MCP1, S100B, IGFBP1, and IL6 as model blood biomarkers, we demonstrate the multiplexing capability and applicability of the device to a patient-centric workflow. The presented quantification of a biomarker panel opens up new possibilities for e-doctor and e-health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janosch Hauser
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystems, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matilda Dale
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life
Laboratory, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Olof Beck
- Karolinska
Institutet, Clinical Neuroscience, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jochen M. Schwenk
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life
Laboratory, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Göran Stemme
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystems, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Fredolini
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life
Laboratory, 17165 Solna, Sweden,
| | - Niclas Roxhed
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystems, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden,MedTechLabs,
BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Solna, Sweden,
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3
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Gupta P, Morrissey JJ, Naik RR, Singamaneni S. Enhancing the Stability of COVID-19 Serological Assay through Metal-Organic Framework Encapsulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100410. [PMID: 34297470 PMCID: PMC8427112 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is widely utilized in serologic assays, including COVID-19, for the detection and quantification of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. However, due to the limited stability of the diagnostic reagents (e.g., antigens serving as biorecognition elements) and biospecimens, temperature-controlled storage and handling conditions are critical. This limitation among others makes biodiagnostics in resource-limited settings, where refrigeration and electricity are inaccessible or unreliable, particularly challenging. In this work, metal-organic framework encapsulation is demonstrated as a simple and effective method to preserve the conformational epitopes of antigens immobilized on microtiter plate under non-refrigerated storage conditions. It is demonstrated that in situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) renders excellent stability to surface-bound SARS-CoV-2 antigens, thereby maintaining the assay performance under elevated temperature (40 °C) for up to 4 weeks. As a complementary method, the preservation of plasma samples from COVID-19 patients using ZIF-90 encapsulation is also demonstrated. The energy-efficient approach demonstrated here will not only alleviate the financial burden associated with cold-chain transportation, but also improve the disease surveillance in resource-limited settings with more reliable clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceInstitute of Materials Science and EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSaint LouisMO63130USA
| | - Zheyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceInstitute of Materials Science and EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSaint LouisMO63130USA
| | - Prashant Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceInstitute of Materials Science and EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSaint LouisMO63130USA
| | - Jeremiah J. Morrissey
- Department of AnesthesiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMO63110USA
- Siteman Cancer CenterWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO63130USA
| | - Rajesh R. Naik
- 711th Human Performance WingAir Force Research LaboratoryWright Patterson Air Force BaseDaytonOH45433USA
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceInstitute of Materials Science and EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSaint LouisMO63130USA
- Siteman Cancer CenterWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO63130USA
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4
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Lee S, Chintalapudi K, Badu-Tawiah AK. Clinical Chemistry for Developing Countries: Mass Spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:437-465. [PMID: 33979544 PMCID: PMC8932337 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091520-085936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Early disease diagnosis is necessary to enable timely interventions. Implementation of this vital task in the developing world is challenging owing to limited resources. Diagnostic approaches developed for resource-limited settings have often involved colorimetric tests (based on immunoassays) due to their low cost. Unfortunately, the performance/sensitivity of such simplistic tests are often limited and significantly hinder opportunities for early disease detection. A new criterion for selecting diagnostic tests in low- and middle-income countries is proposed here that is based on performance-to-cost ratio. For example, modern mass spectrometry (MS) now involves analysis of the native sample in the open laboratory environment, enabling applications in many fields, including clinical research, forensic science, environmental analysis, and agriculture. In this critical review, we summarize recent developments in chemistry that enable MS to be applied effectively in developing countries. In particular, we argue that closed automated analytical systems may not offer the analytical flexibility needed in resource-limited settings. Alternative strategies proposed here have potential to be widely accepted in low- and middle-income countries through the utilization of the open-source ambient MS platform that enables microsampling techniques such as dried blood spot to be coupled with miniature mass spectrometers in a centralized analytical platform. Consequently, costs associated with sample handling and maintenance can be reduced by >50% of the total ownership cost, permitting analytical measurements to be operated at high performance-to-cost ratios in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA;
| | - Kavyasree Chintalapudi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA;
| | - Abraham K Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA;
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Advanced sensitivity amplification strategies for voltammetric immunosensors of tumor marker: State of the art. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 178:113021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Advancing Biomarker Development Through Convergent Engagement: Summary Report of the 2nd International Danube Symposium on Biomarker Development, Molecular Imaging and Applied Diagnostics; March 14-16, 2018; Vienna, Austria. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:47-65. [PMID: 31049831 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report on the outcome of the 2nd International Danube Symposium on advanced biomarker development that was held in Vienna, Austria, in early 2018. During the meeting, cross-speciality participants assessed critical aspects of non-invasive, quantitative biomarker development in view of the need to expand our understanding of disease mechanisms and the definition of appropriate strategies both for molecular diagnostics and personalised therapies. More specifically, panelists addressed the main topics, including the current status of disease characterisation by means of non-invasive imaging, histopathology and liquid biopsies as well as strategies of gaining new understanding of disease formation, modulation and plasticity to large-scale molecular imaging as well as integrative multi-platform approaches. Highlights of the 2018 meeting included dedicated sessions on non-invasive disease characterisation, development of disease and therapeutic tailored biomarkers, standardisation and quality measures in biospecimens, new therapeutic approaches and socio-economic challenges of biomarker developments. The scientific programme was accompanied by a roundtable discussion on identification and implementation of sustainable strategies to address the educational needs in the rapidly evolving field of molecular diagnostics. The central theme that emanated from the 2nd Donau Symposium was the importance of the conceptualisation and implementation of a convergent approach towards a disease characterisation beyond lesion-counting "lumpology" for a cost-effective and patient-centric diagnosis, therapy planning, guidance and monitoring. This involves a judicious choice of diagnostic means, the adoption of clinical decision support systems and, above all, a new way of communication involving all stakeholders across modalities and specialities. Moreover, complex diseases require a comprehensive diagnosis by converging parameters from different disciplines, which will finally yield to a precise therapeutic guidance and outcome prediction. While it is attractive to focus on technical advances alone, it is important to develop a patient-centric approach, thus asking "What can we do with our expertise to help patients?"
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7
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Chen W, Wang T, Dou Z, Xie X. Self-Driven "Microfiltration" Enabled by Porous Superabsorbent Polymer (PSAP) Beads for Biofluid Specimen Processing and Storage. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2020; 2:1545-1554. [PMID: 33163968 PMCID: PMC7640703 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.0c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A remote collection of biofluid specimens such as blood and urine remains a great challenge due to the requirement of continuous refrigeration. Without proper temperature regulation, the rapid degradation of analytical targets in the specimen may compromise the accuracy and reliability of the testing results. In this study, we develop porous superabsorbent polymer (PSAP) beads for fast and self-driven "microfiltration" of biofluid samples. This treatment effectively separates small analytical targets (e.g., glucose, catalase, and bacteriophage) and large undesired components (e.g., bacteria and blood cells) in the biofluids by capturing the former inside and excluding the latter outside the PSAP beads. We have successfully demonstrated that this treatment can reduce sample volume, self-aliquot the liquid sample, avoid microbial contamination, separate plasma from blood cells, stabilize target species inside the beads, and enable long-term storage at room temperature. Potential practical applications of this technology can provide an alternative sample collection and storage approach for medically underserved areas.
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8
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Hu Y, Mulot C, Bourreau C, Martin D, Laurent-Puig P, Radoï L, Guénel P, Borges CR. Biochemically Tracked Variability of Blood Plasma Thawed-State Exposure Times in a Multisite Collection Study. Biopreserv Biobank 2020; 18:376-388. [PMID: 32608993 PMCID: PMC9836705 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2019.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of blood plasma/serum (P/S) specimens can be impacted by preanalytical handling and storage conditions that result in thawed-state exposures (> -30°C). We recently reported a simple dilute-and-shoot, intact-protein liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) assay called ΔS-Cys-Albumin that quantifies cumulative exposure of P/S to thawed conditions based on the change in relative abundance of the oxidized (S-cysteinylated) proteoform of albumin (S-Cys-Albumin) in the native sample to that of an aliquot of the sample intentionally driven to its maximum oxidation state. Herein, we evaluated the effect of prestorage delay and initial storage temperature on sample integrity by applying the ΔS-Cys-Albumin assay to a set of plasma samples (n = 413) collected under a single clinical study but from 12 different collection sites. Major differences (p < 0.0001) were observed between different groups of samples with modestly inconsistent initial handling conditions (i.e., initial processing of whole blood to plasma and placement at -80°C completed in under 3 hours, 3-13 hours, and over 17 hours). ΔS-Cys-Albumin was significantly inversely correlated with delay time at 4°C before centrifugation and total delay before final storage at -80°C (p < 0.0001). Samples from two collection sites had much lower ΔS-Cys-Albumin values relative to samples from other sites, in accordance with the fact that they were stored at -20°C for an average of 7.6 months before shipment to the central repository for final storage at -80°C. Based on the rate law for S-Cys-Albumin formation in plasma ex vivo, the average time that each plasma specimen had been exposed to the equivalent of room temperature (23°C) was back calculated from the measured ΔS-Cys-Albumin values. A survey of clinical analytes in P/S whose measured concentrations are sensitive to the initial handling/storage conditions documented in this study is provided and the ramifications of the plasma integrity findings from this multisite clinical study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Hu
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Claire Mulot
- INSERM, UMR-S 1147, CRB EPIGENETEC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Camille Bourreau
- INSERM, UMR-S 1147, CRB EPIGENETEC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Diane Martin
- INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Cancer and Environment Team, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- INSERM, UMR-S 1147, CRB EPIGENETEC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Loredana Radoï
- INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Cancer and Environment Team, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Dental Surgery, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Guénel
- INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Cancer and Environment Team, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Chad R. Borges
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.,Address correspondence to: Chad R. Borges, PhD, School of Molecular Sciences, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, P.O. Box 876401, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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9
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Brant EB, Kennedy J, Martin-Gill C, Jackson V, Palmer OMP, Callaway CW, Kahn JM, Yealy DM, Angus DC, Seymour CW. Association Between Intravenous Fluid Bolus and Biomarker Trajectory During Prehospital Care. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2020; 24:196-203. [PMID: 31180262 PMCID: PMC6938563 DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2019.1629134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Patients with acute illness who receive intravenous (IV) fluids prior to hospital arrival may have a lower in-hospital mortality. To better understand whether this is a direct treatment effect or epiphenomenon of downstream care, we tested the association between a prehospital fluid bolus and the change in inflammatory cytokines measured at prehospital and emergency department timepoints in a sample of non-trauma, non-cardiac arrest patients at risk for critical illness. Methods: In a prospective cohort study, we screened 4,013 non-trauma, non-cardiac arrest encounters transported by City of Pittsburgh Emergency Medical Services (EMS) to 2 hospitals from August 2013 to February 2014. In 345 patients, we measured prehospital biomarkers (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF) at 2 time points: the time of prehospital IV access placement by EMS and at ED arrival. We determined the relative change for marker X as: ([XED - XEMS]/XEMS). We determined the risk-adjusted association between prehospital IV fluid bolus and relative change for each marker using multivariable linear regression. Results: Among 345 patients, 88 (26%) received a prehospital IV fluid bolus and 257 (74%) did not. Compared to patients who did not receive prehospital fluids, median prehospital IL-6 was greater initially in subjects receiving a prehospital IV fluid bolus (22.3 [IQR 6.4-113] vs. 11.5 [IQR 5.5-47.6]). Prehospital IL-10 and TNF were similar in both groups (IL-10: 3.5 [IQR 2.2-25.6] vs. 3.0 [IQR 1.9-9.0]; TNF: 7.5 [IQR 6.4-10.4] vs. 6.9 [IQR 6.0-8.3]). After adjustment for demographics, illness severity, and prehospital transport time, we observed a relative decrease in IL-6 at hospital arrival in those receiving a prehospital fluid bolus (adjusted β = -10.0, 95% CI: -19.4, -0.6, p = 0.04), but we did not detect a significant change in IL-10 (p = 0.34) or TNF (p = 0.53). Conclusions: Among non-trauma, non-cardiac arrest patients at risk for critical illness, a prehospital IV fluid bolus was associated with a relative decrease in IL-6, but not IL-10 or TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Brant
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jason Kennedy
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Christian Martin-Gill
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Vanessa Jackson
- Clinical Research, Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Octavia M Peck Palmer
- Clinical Research, Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Clifton W. Callaway
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jeremy M Kahn
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Clinical Research, Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Donald M Yealy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Derek C Angus
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Clinical Research, Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Christopher W Seymour
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Clinical Research, Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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Swiner DJ, Jackson S, Burris BJ, Badu-Tawiah AK. Applications of Mass Spectrometry for Clinical Diagnostics: The Influence of Turnaround Time. Anal Chem 2020; 92:183-202. [PMID: 31671262 PMCID: PMC7896279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This critical review discusses how the need for reduced clinical turnaround times has influenced chemical instrumentation. We focus on the development of modern mass spectrometry (MS) and its application in clinical diagnosis. With increased functionality that takes advantage of novel front-end modifications and computational capabilities, MS can now be used for non-traditional clinical analyses, including applications in clinical microbiology for bacteria differentiation and in surgical operation rooms. We summarize here recent developments in the field that have enabled such capabilities, which include miniaturization for point-of-care testing, direct complex mixture analysis via ambient ionization, chemical imaging and profiling, and systems integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin J. Swiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Sierra Jackson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Benjamin J. Burris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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11
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Cameron S, Gillio-Meina C, Ranger A, Choong K, Fraser DD. Collection and Analyses of Cerebrospinal Fluid for Pediatric Translational Research. Pediatr Neurol 2019; 98:3-17. [PMID: 31280949 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid sample collection and analysis is imperative to better elucidate central nervous system injury and disease in children. Sample collection methods are varied and carry with them certain ethical and biologic considerations, complications, and contraindications. Establishing best practices for sample collection, processing, storage, and transport will ensure optimal sample quality. Cerebrospinal fluid samples can be affected by a number of factors including subject age, sampling method, sampling location, volume extracted, fraction, blood contamination, storage methods, and freeze-thaw cycles. Indicators of sample quality can be assessed by matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and include cystatin C fragments, oxidized proteins, prostaglandin D synthase, and evidence of blood contamination. Precise documentation of sample collection processes and the establishment of meticulous handling procedures are essential for the creation of clinically relevant biospecimen repositories. In this review we discuss the ethical considerations and best practices for cerebrospinal fluid collection, as well as the influence of preanalytical factors on cerebrospinal fluid analyses. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in highly researched pediatric diseases or disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adrianna Ranger
- Pediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Choong
- Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas D Fraser
- Pediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Translational Research Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.
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12
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Simpson S, Kaislasuo J, Guller S, Pal L. Thermal stability of cytokines: A review. Cytokine 2019; 125:154829. [PMID: 31472404 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of cytokines in various disease states is a burgeoning field of academic study and clinical application, however there are no consensus documents on how certain cytokines should be stored prior to quantification. This information is especially of interest to researchers assembling a biobank or clinicians who have to transport specimens to a different location in order to be tested. OBJECTIVE To review the literature and synthesize prior findings on cytokine storage and freeze/thaw stability. DESIGN We searched PubMed for articles related to cytokine storage stability. All articles were analyzed for cytokines studied, source of reported cytokine concentration (i.e., human whole blood or serum, concentrations from other species or bodily sources were excluded), and reported statistical results. RESULTS We identified and synthesized results of 23 peer-reviewed articles which published data on the storage and freeze/thaw stability of 33 different cytokines and chemokines. CONCLUSION There is a wide variety of reported cytokine storage and freeze/thaw stability. Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha are the most widely studied cytokines in regard to temperature stability. In a few cytokines, a clear consensus can be reached as to storage safety at particular temperatures, but in most, more research needs to be done and we advise the clinician or researcher to use caution in interpreting cytokine concentration results after a long period of storage or several freeze/thaw cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Simpson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Janina Kaislasuo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Seth Guller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lubna Pal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Hakimi M, Wortmann M, Böckler D, Schirmacher P, Herpel E, Peters AS. Vascular Biomaterial Banking in Academia. Eur Surg Res 2019; 60:13-23. [PMID: 30726831 DOI: 10.1159/000495525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To establish a high-quality vascular biomaterial bank to serve vascular research teams and act as a basis for translational medicine. The aim was to collect and store material so that investigation into the pathogenesis of vascular disease would be possible employing methods based on histopathology and/or molecular biology. METHODS The Vascular Biomaterialbank Heidelberg (VBBH) evolved as part of an established, partly accredited biobank complex at the University of Heidelberg (BioMaterialBank Heidelberg - BMBH). The BMBH provided infrastructure regarding legal and quality issues as well as safety, protocols for specimen collection, data management, and publication of results. Protocols were modified where necessary to accommodate specific needs of vascular tissue research. Correct identification of vascular biomaterial is controlled by certified vascular surgeons and pathologists at biobank entry and exit. Pseudonymized clinical data are attached to every specimen. RESULTS The VBBH provides standardized operating procedures (SOP) regulating the request, processing, and delivery of material to researchers, as well as project tracking. Tissue samples for a research project are requested by filling out an online application form. Within 3-5 working days, a scientific board, including a member of the VBBH and a member of the BMBH, decide upon acceptance or rejection of the research project. Criteria determining acceptance include whether enough samples are available for the particular investigation and whether planned methods are judged adequate to successfully complete the research project. Through tracking of all ongoing studies involving specimens from the VBBH, methods for tissue conservation are continually being optimized. The VBBH platform has supported numerous high-ranking publications involving diverse medical departments and reflects a gain in translational medicine. CONCLUSIONS SOPs and controls by certified specialists ensure the high quality of specimens obtained through the VBBH. Research performed by vascular surgeons can be facilitated by using the VBBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maani Hakimi
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Vaskuläre Biomaterialbank, Vascular Biomaterialbank Heidelberg (VBBH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Wortmann
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Vaskuläre Biomaterialbank, Vascular Biomaterialbank Heidelberg (VBBH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dittmar Böckler
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Cancer Institute, Tissue Bank, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Cancer Institute, Tissue Bank, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas S Peters
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, .,Vaskuläre Biomaterialbank, Vascular Biomaterialbank Heidelberg (VBBH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,
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Klont F, Horvatovich P, Govorukhina N, Bischoff R. Pre- and Post-analytical Factors in Biomarker Discovery. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1959:1-22. [PMID: 30852812 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9164-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The translation of promising biomarkers, which were identified in biomarker discovery experiments, to clinical assays is one of the key challenges in present-day proteomics research. Many so-called "biomarker candidates" fail to progress beyond the discovery phase, and much emphasis is placed on pre- and post-analytical variability in an attempt to provide explanations for this bottleneck in the biomarker development pipeline. With respect to such variability, there is a large number of pre- and post-analytical factors which may impact the outcomes of proteomics experiments and thus necessitate tight control. This chapter highlights some of these factors and provides guidance for addressing them on the basis of examples from previously published proteomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Klont
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Horvatovich
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia Govorukhina
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Shen Q, Björkesten J, Galli J, Ekman D, Broberg J, Nordberg N, Tillander A, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Tybring G, Landegren U. Strong impact on plasma protein profiles by precentrifugation delay but not by repeated freeze-thaw cycles, as analyzed using multiplex proximity extension assays. Clin Chem Lab Med 2018; 56:582-594. [PMID: 29040064 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background A number of factors regarding blood collection, handling and storage may affect sample quality. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact on plasma protein profiles by delayed centrifugation and plasma separation and multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Methods Blood samples drawn from 16 healthy individuals were collected into ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tubes and kept either at 4 °C or 22 °C for 1-36 h prior to centrifugation. Plasma samples prepared 1 h after venipuncture were also subjected to two to eight cycles of freezing at -80 °C and thawing at 22 °C. Multiplex proximity extension assay, an antibody-based protein assay, was used to investigate the influence on plasma proteins. Results Up to 36 h delay before blood centrifugation resulted in significant increases of 16 and 40 out of 139 detectable proteins in samples kept at 4 °C or 22 °C, respectively. Some increases became noticeable after 8 h delay at 4 °C but already after 1 h at 22 °C. For samples stored at 4 °C, epidermal growth factor (EGF), NF-kappa-B essential modulator, SRC, interleukin 16 and CD6 increased the most, whereas the five most significantly increased proteins after storage at 22 °C were CD40 antigen ligand (CD40-L), EGF, platelet-derived growth factor subunit B, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 and matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1). Only matrix metallopeptidase 7 (MMP7) decreased significantly over time and only after storage at 22 °C. No protein levels were found to be significantly affected by up to eight freeze-thaw cycles. Conclusions Plasma should be prepared from blood after a limited precentrifugation delay at a refrigerated temperature. By contrast, the influence by several freeze-thaw cycles on detectable protein levels in plasma was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujin Shen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University,Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Björkesten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University,Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joakim Galli
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University,Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Annika Tillander
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University,Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Tybring
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Landegren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University,Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Li Q, Wang X, Li X, He X, Wan Q, Yin J, Sun J, Yang X, Chen Q, Miao X. Obtaining High-Quality Blood Specimens for Downstream Applications: A Review of Current Knowledge and Best Practices. Biopreserv Biobank 2018; 16:411-418. [PMID: 30383403 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2018.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood is a biological fluid that contains multiple blood fraction and cellular components. High-quality blood specimens are essential prerequisites for various downstream applications such as molecular epidemiology studies, genomics, and proteomics studies. Currently, protocols and research publications concerning the collection, handling, preservation, and stability of blood or blood fractions are constantly emerging. Moreover, standardized guidelines are a requirement for biorepositories to tightly control preanalytical variables originating from these procedures and obtain high-quality blood specimen for downstream analyses. In this review article, we summarize the best practices and fit-for-purpose protocols regarding blood collection, processing, storage, and stability. In addition, we present some typical quality biomarkers, which could be used to evaluate the integrity of blood specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Li
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen , BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian Wang
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen , BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue Li
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen , BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuheng He
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen , BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Wan
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen , BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiefang Yin
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen , BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen , BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen , BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiaohong Chen
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen , BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyuan Miao
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen , BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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17
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Landegren U, Al-Amin RA, Björkesten J. A myopic perspective on the future of protein diagnostics. N Biotechnol 2018; 45:14-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Manchanda S, Meyer M, Li Q, Liang K, Li Y, Kong N. On Comprehensive Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis for Proteome Profiling of Human Blood Samples. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS RESEARCH 2018; 2:305-318. [DOI: 10.1007/s41666-018-0022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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19
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Han Q, Li S, Fu B, Liu D, Wu M, Yang X, Cai G, Liu Z, Chen X, Zhu H. Stability of important antibodies for kidney disease: pre-analytic methodological considerations. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5178. [PMID: 30013843 PMCID: PMC6042478 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of circulating antibodies as biomarkers of kidney disease has recently been recognized. However, no study has systematically described the methodology of sample preparation and storage regarding antibodies as biomarkers of kidney disease. It remains unknown whether repetitive freeze-thaw cycles, physical disturbances, storage at different temperatures or for different periods of time, or haemolytic or turbid serum samples affect antibody measurements. The aim of this study was to investigate the stabilities of antibodies associated with kidney disease in serum samples under various relevant clinical and research conditions. Methods We stored serum samples in the following different conditions: repetitive freeze-thaw cycles (1, 6 or 12 times), long-term storage (7 or 12 months at -80 °C), physical disturbance (1 or 8 h), and storage at 4 °C (1, 3 or 6 weeks) and room temperature (1 or 7 days). The stabilities of the anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (anti-PLA2R), anti-glomerular basement membrane, anti-myeloperoxidase and anti-proteinase 3 antibodies were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results We found that repetitive freeze-thaw cycles did not have a significant effect on the stabilities of the abovementioned antibodies in clear serum samples. The ELISA readings of haemolytic and turbid serum samples tended to increase and decrease, respectively. Neither long-term storage at -80 °C nor physical disturbance had a significant effect on anti-PLA2R antibody stability in sealed serum samples. The concentrations of most of these antibodies increased in unsealed serum samples that were stored at 4 °C for more than 6 weeks or at room temperature for more than 7 days. Discussion Our findings revealed that the abovementioned circulating antibodies that are used as biomarkers for kidney disease had stable physicochemical properties, structures and immunoreactivities such that they were not influenced by repetitive freeze-thaw cycles, physical disturbances or long-term storage at -80 °C. However, the ELISA readings tended to change for haemolytic, turbid and unsealed serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Han
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Beijing, China.,Department of Nephrology of Zhenghou University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Research Institute of Nephrology of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Songyan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Dongwei Liu
- Department of Nephrology of Zhenghou University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Research Institute of Nephrology of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Maoqing Wu
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology of Zhenghou University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Research Institute of Nephrology of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Beijing, China
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20
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RFID as a New ICT Tool to Monitor Specimen Life Cycle and Quality Control in a Biobank. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 26:129-35. [DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2011.8323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Biospecimen quality is crucial for clinical and translational research and its loss is one of the main obstacles to experimental activities. Beside the quality of samples, preanalytical variations render the results derived from specimens of different biobanks or even within the same biobank incomparable. Specimens collected along the years should be managed with a heterogeneous life cycle. Hence, we propose to collect detailed data concerning the whole life cycle of stored samples employing radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. Methods We describe the processing chain of blood biosamples that is operative at the biobank of IRCSS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy (BioBIM). We focus on the problem of tracing the stages following automated preanalytical processing: we collected the time stamps of all events that could affect the biological quality of the specimens by means of RFID tags and readers. Results We developed a pilot study on a fragment of the life cycle, namely the storage between the end of the preanalytics and the beginning of the analytics, which is usually not traced by automated tools because it typically includes manual handling. By adopting RFID devices we identified the possible critical time delays. At 1, 3 and 6 months RFID-tagged specimens cryopreserved at -80°C were successfully read. Conclusions We were able to record detailed information about the storage phases and a fully documented specimen life cycle. This will allow us to promote and tune up the best practices in biobanking because i) it will be possible to classify sample features with a sharper resolution, which allows future utilization of stored material; ii) cost-effective policies can be adopted in processing, storing and selecting specimens; iii) after using each aliquot, we can study the life cycle of the specimen with a possible feedback on the procedures.
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21
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Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are believed to be of importance in the growth and spread of colorectal cancer (CRC). MMP-9 level has been suggested as a biological predictor of prognosis in CRC as well as in other types of cancer such as breast and cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the stability over time of MMP-9 in cryopreserved plasma, colorectal tumor tissue extract and macroscopically tumor-free colon mucosa tissue extract samples. Plasma and tissue samples were taken from patients at primary CRC surgery and analyzed for MMP-9. Aliquots of samples from the same patients were stored at – 80 °C pending analysis. These aliquots were analyzed using identical methods after storage periods of nine (plasma) and twelve (tissue) years. No significant difference in plasma MMP-9 concentration was seen between baseline samples and those after 9 years of cryopreservation (median values 9.9 and 9.7 ng/mL, respectively; p > 0.05). MMP-9 levels in the tumor-free tissue extracts had increased to baseline (median values 7.1 and 8.1 ng/mL, respectively; p < 0.01). MMP-9 levels in the tumor tissue extracts had also increased significantly (median values 89.9 and 133.5 ng/mL, respectively; p < 0.01). We have demonstrated that MMP-9 levels in frozen citrated plasma are stable if stored at − 80 °C, whereas MMP-9 levels in extracts from tumor tissue and tumor-free intestinal mucosa appear to increase with time. We conclude that MMP-9 levels in cryopreserved plasma may be considered stable over time and are thus suitable for comparison purposes in consecutive series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Jonsson
- Hallands Hospital Varberg, Region Halland, 432 37, Varberg, Sweden
- Fibrinolysis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 416 85, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Claes Hjalmarsson
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hopital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Peter Falk
- Fibrinolysis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 416 85, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Marie-Lois Ivarsson
- Fibrinolysis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 416 85, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Lombardi G, Sansoni V, Banfi G. Measuring myokines with cardiovascular functions: pre-analytical variables affecting the analytical output. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:299. [PMID: 28856139 PMCID: PMC5555982 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.07.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, a growing number of molecules have been associated to an endocrine function of the skeletal muscle. Circulating myokine levels, in turn, have been associated with several pathophysiological conditions including the cardiovascular ones. However, data from different studies are often not completely comparable or even discordant. This would be due, at least in part, to the whole set of situations related to the preparation of the patient prior to blood sampling, blood sampling procedure, processing and/or store. This entire process constitutes the pre-analytical phase. The importance of the pre-analytical phase is often not considered. However, in routine diagnostics, the 70% of the errors are in this phase. Moreover, errors during the pre-analytical phase are carried over in the analytical phase and affects the final output. In research, for example, when samples are collected over a long time and by different laboratories, a standardized procedure for sample collecting and the correct procedure for sample storage are acknowledged. In this review, we discuss the pre-analytical variables potentially affecting the measurement of myokines with cardiovascular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Liang K, Wu H, Hu TY, Li Y. Mesoporous silica chip: enabled peptide profiling as an effective platform for controlling bio-sample quality and optimizing handling procedure. Clin Proteomics 2016; 13:34. [PMID: 27895544 PMCID: PMC5120552 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-016-9134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High quality clinical samples are critical for meaningful interpretation of data obtained in both basic and translational medicine. More specifically, optimized pre-analysis handling to bio-sample is crucial for avoiding biased analysis in a clinical setting. A universally applicable method for the evaluation of sample quality and pre-analysis handling is therefore in great demand. Methods The fingerprint pattern of low molecular weight (LMW) peptides in sera is directly associated with sample quality and handling process. Previous studies for enrichment/isolation of LMW peptides have shown that LMW peptides can be enriched by silica meso-porous material in a sensitive and high-throughput manner. Here, a peptide profile approach utilizing mesoporous silica chip-based sample preparation combined with MALDI MS analysis was used as a new platform for evaluation of bio-sample quality. Rat sera were selected as model sample and analyzed according to their LMW peptide fingerprint spectra. Results This novel method can complete the entire sample preparation procedure in a short period of time (<40 min), requires minimum amounts of sample (<10 µL), is of high sensitivity (LOD 10 ng/mL) as well as high reproducibility (CV% < 15%). According to the acquired LMW peptide spectra, we were able to distinguish the serum samples processed under different conditions (including different storage temperature, time, and freezing/thaw cycles) with the help of bioinformatics tools (principle composition analysis and significant difference analysis), and identify the samples that had significantly changed due to the inappropriate processing. Based on the percentage of significantly changed peaks in LMW peptide mass spectrum after handling, a judgment standard was established that can be used to evaluate the status of preservation of a biological sample. In addition, our principle study established recommendations for storage time, storage temperature and freeze/thaw conditions. Conclusion Our novel method for analysis of bio-samples allows for effective identification of variations in composition within samples, and provides a cost-effective tool for simple sample manipulation in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liang
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ; GuangDong Bio-healtech Advanced Co., Ltd, Foshan City, 52800 GuangDong Province China
| | - Tony Y Hu
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030 USA ; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 445 E. 69th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
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Lee JE, Lee JH, Hong M, Park SK, Yu JI, Shin SY, Kim SY. Instability of Plasma and Serum Progastrin-Releasing Peptide During Repeated Freezing and Thawing. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016; 7:351-355. [PMID: 28053839 PMCID: PMC5194227 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Progastrin-releasing peptide (proGRP) is a promising biomarker for small cell lung cancer. However, not much is known about how sample processing and storage conditions affect the stability of proGRP. Here, we examined the effects of repeated freeze–thaw cycles on the stability of proGRP in plasma and serum. Methods Concentrations of proGRP were measured in plasma and serum samples exposed to two, three, or four freeze–thaw cycles and these were compared with values of corresponding samples exposed to one cycle (baseline). We also performed the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) analysis to determine whether the differences of proGRP concentrations between each paired plasma and serum sample (ΔproGRP) can be used for identifying the samples that have been exposed to multiple freeze–thaw cycles. Results Concentrations of proGRP gradually decreased in both plasma and serum samples with increasing numbers of freeze–thaw cycles. Reduction rates of proGRP concentrations were greater in serum than in plasma samples and serum proGRP levels declined with statistical significance (p < 0.001) up to 10.1% after four freeze–thaw cycles. The ΔproGRP measurement showed fair accuracy (AUC = 0.741) for identifying samples that had been through four freeze–thaw cycles. The sensitivity was 82.8% and specificity was 62.1% at an optimal cut-off point of > 4.9. Conclusion Our study shows that the stability of circulating proGRP is affected in both plasma and serum samples by repeated freezing and thawing. We also show that ΔproGRP could be used for identifying paired plasma and serum samples subjected to multiple freeze–thaw cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Eun Lee
- National Biobank of Korea, Center for Genome Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyun Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Maria Hong
- National Biobank of Korea, Center for Genome Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Park
- National Biobank of Korea, Center for Genome Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ji-In Yu
- National Biobank of Korea, Center for Genome Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - So-Youn Shin
- National Biobank of Korea, Center for Genome Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Shine Young Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Mateos J, Carneiro I, Corrales F, Elortza F, Paradela A, Del Pino MS, Iloro I, Marcilla M, Mora MI, Valero L, Ciordia S, Fernández V, Fortuño MA, García-Sánchez I, Martínez R, Muñoz MA, Rodriguez C, Doménech N. Multicentric study of the effect of pre-analytical variables in the quality of plasma samples stored in biobanks using different complementary proteomic methods. J Proteomics 2016; 150:109-120. [PMID: 27620695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Analytical proteomics has experienced exponential progress in the last decade and can be expected to lead research studies on diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in the near future. Because the development of this type of analysis requires the use of a large number of human samples with a minimum of quality requirements, our objective was to identify appropriate indicators for quality control of plasma samples stored in biobanks for research in proteomics. To accomplish this, plasma samples from 100 healthy donors were obtained and processed according to the pre-analytical variables of: a) time delay for the first centrifugation of the original blood sample (4 or 24h) and b) number of freeze/thaw cycles (1, 2 or 3) of the processed plasma samples. The analyses of samples were performed by different and complementary methods such as SPE MALDI-TOF, DIGE, shotgun (iTRAQ, nLC MALDI TOF/TOF) and targeted nLC MS/MS proteomic techniques (SRM). In general, because the distribution of proteins in all samples was found to be very similar, the results shown that delayed processing of blood samples and the number of freeze/thaw cycles has little or no effect on the integrity of proteins in the plasma samples. SIGNIFICANCE The results of the present work indicate that blood proteins in plasma are broadly insensitive to such preanalytical variables as delayed processing or freeze/thaw cycles when analyzed at the peptide level. Although there are other studies related to protein stability of clinical samples with similar results, what is remarkable about our work is the large number of plasma samples examined and that our analyses assessed protein integrity by combining a wide set of complementary proteomic approaches performed at different proteomic platform participating laboratories that all yielded similar results. We believe our study is the most comprehensive performed to date to determine the changes in proteins induced by delayed sample processing and plasma freeze/thaw cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Mateos
- Plataforma de Proteómica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Corrales
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Aplicada (CIMA)-UN, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felix Elortza
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias CICbioGUNE, Derio, Spain
| | | | | | - Ibon Iloro
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias CICbioGUNE, Derio, Spain
| | | | - Maria Isabel Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Aplicada (CIMA)-UN, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luz Valero
- Universidad de Valencia (UV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Fernández
- Biobanco HCB-IDIBAPS, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Clara Rodriguez
- Biobanco Vasco/Centro Vasco de Transfusiones, Barakaldo, Spain
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Kluge JA, Li AB, Kahn BT, Michaud DS, Omenetto FG, Kaplan DL. Silk-based blood stabilization for diagnostics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:5892-7. [PMID: 27162330 PMCID: PMC4889389 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602493113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced personalized medical diagnostics depend on the availability of high-quality biological samples. These are typically biofluids, such as blood, saliva, or urine; and their collection and storage is critical to obtain reliable results. Without proper temperature regulation, protein biomarkers in particular can degrade rapidly in blood samples, an effect that ultimately compromises the quality and reliability of laboratory tests. Here, we present the use of silk fibroin as a solid matrix to encapsulate blood analytes, protecting them from thermally induced damage that could be encountered during nonrefrigerated transportation or freeze-thaw cycles. Blood samples are recovered by simple dissolution of the silk matrix in water. This process is demonstrated to be compatible with a number of immunoassays and provides enhanced sample preservation in comparison with traditional air-drying paper approaches. Additional processing can remediate interactions with conformational structures of the silk protein to further enhance blood stabilization and recovery. This approach can provide expanded utility for remote collection of blood and other biospecimens empowering new modalities of temperature-independent remote diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Kluge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
| | - Adrian B Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
| | - Brooke T Kahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
| | - Dominique S Michaud
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | | | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155;
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Lee JE, Kim JW, Han BG, Shin SY. Impact of Whole-Blood Processing Conditions on Plasma and Serum Concentrations of Cytokines. Biopreserv Biobank 2016; 14:51-5. [PMID: 26808439 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2015.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-analytical variations in plasma and serum samples can occur because of variability in whole-blood processing procedures. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of delayed separation of whole blood on the plasma and serum concentrations of cytokines. The concentrations of 16 cytokines were measured in plasma and serum samples when the centrifugation of whole blood at room temperature was delayed for 4, 6, 24, or 48 h, and the values were compared with those observed after separation within 2 h of whole-blood collection. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also performed for cytokines to determine whether cytokine levels in plasma and serum samples can be used to assess delayed separation of whole blood. Plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), and MIP-1β increased significantly (>2-fold) when separation was delayed at room temperature for 24 h. The concentrations of 6 of these cytokines (all except serum IL-1β and IL-6) demonstrated high diagnostic performance (area under the ROC curve >0.8) for delayed separation of whole blood. Furthermore, these cytokine concentrations typically exhibited high sensitivity and specificity at each optimal cutoff point. Conversely, IL-17A was stable in both plasma and serum samples, even when whole-blood centrifugation was delayed at room temperature for 48 h. This study shows that certain cytokines (IL-1β, GM-CSF, sCD40L, IL-8, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β) could be used for assessing the quality of plasma or serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Eun Lee
- 1 National Biobank of Korea, Center for Genome Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health , Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Kim
- 2 Dankook University Medical College , Cheonan-si, Korea
| | - Bok-Ghee Han
- 1 National Biobank of Korea, Center for Genome Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health , Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - So-Youn Shin
- 1 National Biobank of Korea, Center for Genome Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health , Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Korea
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Herpel E, Schmitt S, Kiehntopf M. Qualität von Biomaterialien im Biobanking von Flüssig- und Gewebeproben. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2016; 59:325-35. [PMID: 26753866 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-015-2294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Herpel
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
- Gewebebank des Nationalen Centrums für Tumorerkrankungen (NCT), Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Sabrina Schmitt
- Gewebebank des Nationalen Centrums für Tumorerkrankungen (NCT), Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Michael Kiehntopf
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland.
- Integrierte Biobank Jena (IBBJ), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland.
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Lee JE, Kim SY, Shin SY. Effect of Repeated Freezing and Thawing on Biomarker Stability in Plasma and Serum Samples. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2015; 6:357-62. [PMID: 26835245 PMCID: PMC4700770 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The stability of circulating proteins can be affected by repeated freezing and thawing. The aim of our study was to identify the effect of repeated freezing and thawing on the plasma and serum concentrations of eight proteins [interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-15, IL-17A, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, tumor necrosis factor-α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGF-R2)]. Methods We assessed the concentration changes of these proteins in 30 plasma and serum samples subjected to three, four, or five freeze–thaw cycles, and compared these with the concentration changes in the samples that were subjected to two freeze–thaw cycles before analysis. Results Repeated freezing and thawing by up to five cycles did not modify the plasma and serum concentrations of interferon-γ, IL-8, and VEGF-R2, while levels of MMP-7, tumor necrosis factor-α, and VEGF were significantly changed in both plasma and serum samples. Moreover, MMP-7 and VEGF concentrations tended to increase with freeze–thaw cycles. They were more elevated in plasma samples (up to about 15%) than in serum samples (up to about 7%), suggesting that serum is the preferred sample type for the analysis of circulating proteins. Conclusion This is the first report on the effect of repeated freezing and thawing on plasma concentrations of MMP-7 and VEGF-R2. Our findings propose that researchers should consider the number of freeze–thaw cycles to select plasma or serum samples, depending on the type of analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Eun Lee
- National Biobank of Korea, Center for Genome Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Shine Young Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - So-Youn Shin
- National Biobank of Korea, Center for Genome Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
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Abstract
Biobanking involves the collection, processing, storage, and distribution of biological specimens and the policies and procedures necessary to accomplish those aims successfully. Although biobanking may also involve collections for environmental studies or museum archives, most efforts to standardize biobanking practices have been directed toward human biomedical research. Initially focused primarily on collecting samples for diagnostic purposes in pathology settings, biobanks have evolved into complex organizations engaged in advancing personalized (or precision) medicine and translational research. This evolution has involved the development of biobanking best practices and the transformation of a field driven by empirical approaches into the emerging area of biospecimen science. It has become increasingly important to develop evidence-based practices for collecting biospecimens and data that can be shared with confidence with international collaborators. Aside from these technical approaches, other factors play crucial roles, such as ethical and regulatory issues, business planning and sustainability, and approaches to data collection and sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Vaught
- International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1B3, Canada.,Biopreservation & Biobanking, Kensington, Maryland 20895;
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Ellervik C, Vaught J. Preanalytical Variables Affecting the Integrity of Human Biospecimens in Biobanking. Clin Chem 2015; 61:914-34. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2014.228783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Most errors in a clinical chemistry laboratory are due to preanalytical errors. Preanalytical variability of biospecimens can have significant effects on downstream analyses, and controlling such variables is therefore fundamental for the future use of biospecimens in personalized medicine for diagnostic or prognostic purposes.
CONTENT
The focus of this review is to examine the preanalytical variables that affect human biospecimen integrity in biobanking, with a special focus on blood, saliva, and urine. Cost efficiency is discussed in relation to these issues.
SUMMARY
The quality of a study will depend on the integrity of the biospecimens. Preanalytical preparations should be planned with consideration of the effect on downstream analyses. Currently such preanalytical variables are not routinely documented in the biospecimen research literature. Future studies using biobanked biospecimens should describe in detail the preanalytical handling of biospecimens and analyze and interpret the results with regard to the effects of these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ellervik
- Department of Research, Nykoebing Falster Hospital, Nykoebing Falster, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jim Vaught
- International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories, Vancouver, Canada
- Editor-in-Chief, Biopreservation and Biobanking, Vancouver, Canada
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Biobanking of Cerebrospinal Fluid for Biomarker Analysis in Neurological Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 864:79-93. [PMID: 26420615 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20579-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reflects pathophysiological aspects of neurological diseases, where neuroprotective strategies and biomarkers are urgently needed. Therefore, biobanking is very relevant for biomarker discovery and evaluation for these neurological diseases.An important aspect of CSF biobanking is quality control, needed for e.g. consistent patient follow-up and the exchange of patient samples between research centers. Systematic studies to address effects of pre-analytical and storage variation on a broad range of CSF proteins are needed and initiated.Important features of CSF biobanking are intensive collaboration in international networks and the tight application of standardized protocols. The current adoption of standardized protocols for CSF and blood collection and for biobanking of these samples, as presented in this chapter, enables biomarker studies in large cohorts of patients and controls.In conclusion, biomarker research in neurodegenerative diseases has entered a new era due to the collaborative and multicenter efforts of many groups. The streamlining of biobanking procedures, including sample collection, quality control, and the selection of optimal control groups for investigating biomarkers is an important improvement to perform high quality biomarker studies.
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Kang HJ, Jeon SY, Park JS, Yun JY, Kil HN, Hong WK, Lee MH, Kim JW, Jeon JP, Han BG. Identification of clinical biomarkers for pre-analytical quality control of blood samples. Biopreserv Biobank 2014; 11:94-100. [PMID: 23634248 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2012.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-analytical conditions are key factors in maintaining the high quality of biospecimens. They are necessary for accurate reproducibility of experiments in the field of biomarker discovery as well as achieving optimal specificity of laboratory tests for clinical diagnosis. In research at the National Biobank of Korea, we evaluated the impact of pre-analytical conditions on the stability of biobanked blood samples by measuring biochemical analytes commonly used in clinical laboratory tests. METHODS We measured 10 routine laboratory analytes in serum and plasma samples from healthy donors (n = 50) with a chemistry autoanalyzer (Hitachi 7600-110). The analyte measurements were made at different time courses based on delay of blood fractionation, freezing delay of fractionated serum and plasma samples, and at different cycles (0, 1, 3, 6, 9) of freeze-thawing. Statistically significant changes from the reference sample mean were determined using the repeated-measures ANOVA and the significant change limit (SCL). RESULTS The serum levels of GGT and LDH were changed significantly depending on both the time interval between blood collection and fractionation and the time interval between fractionation and freezing of serum and plasma samples. The glucose level was most sensitive only to the elapsed time between blood collection and centrifugation for blood fractionation. Based on these findings, a simple formula (glucose decrease by 1.387 mg/dL per hour) was derived to estimate the length of time delay after blood collection. In addition, AST, BUN, GGT, and LDH showed sensitive responses to repeated freeze-thaw cycles of serum and plasma samples. CONCLUSION These results suggest that GGT and LDH measurements can be used as quality control markers for certain pre-analytical conditions (eg, delayed processing or repeated freeze-thawing) of blood samples which are either directly used in the laboratory tests or stored for future research in the biobank.
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Zhao H, Shen J, Hu Q, Davis W, Medico L, Wang D, Yan L, Guo Y, Liu B, Qin M, Nesline M, Zhu Q, Yao S, Ambrosone CB, Liu S. Effects of preanalytic variables on circulating microRNAs in whole blood. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2643-8. [PMID: 25472672 PMCID: PMC4256719 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in the last decade suggests the clinical potential of circulating microRNAs in whole blood as biomarkers for cancer detection. However, before applying the identified circulating microRNAs clinically, biospecimen-focused research has to be performed to identify possible preanalytic variables that may significantly affect the levels of circulating microRNAs. In this study, using a unique resource of the Data Bank and BioRepository (DBBR) at Roswell Park Cancer Institute, we conducted a two-step analysis to identify internal control circulating microRNAs in whole blood and then to study how selected major preanalytic variables (namely, processing delay, storage condition, storage time, and freeze/thaw cycles) might affect the detection of circulating microRNAs. In the discovery phase of the first step, we identified three microRNAs, including miR346, miR134, and miR934, whose levels exhibited the smallest variation between the case-control groups, as well as within each group interindividually. In the further validation analysis, the consistency was validated for miR346 and miR134 but not for miR934. At the second step, using miR346 and miR134 as internal controls, we observed that as the numbers of freeze/thaw cycles increased, levels of both miR346 and miR134 were significantly decreased (Ptrend < 0.0001); varying other processing and storage conditions did not affect miRNA levels. In the paralleled analysis in plasma samples, levels of miR16 were significantly decreased by increasing processing delay and increasing numbers of freeze/thaw cycles but not affected by storage condition and duration. The results from this study highlight the necessity of biospecimen-focused research on circulating microRNAs before clinical utilization. See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, "Biomarkers, Biospecimens, and New Technologies in Molecular Epidemiology."
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Warren Davis
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Leonardo Medico
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Yuqing Guo
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Biao Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Maochun Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mary Nesline
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
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Mechanic L, Mendez A, Merrill L, Rogers J, Layton M, Todd D, Varanasi A, O'Brien B, Meyer Iii WA, Zhang M, Schleicher RL, Moye J. Planned variation in preanalytical conditions to evaluate biospecimen stability in the National Children's Study (NCS). Clin Chem Lab Med 2014; 51:2287-94. [PMID: 23924524 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2013-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preanalytical conditions encountered during collection, processing, and storage of biospecimens may influence laboratory results. The National Children's Study (NCS) is a planned prospective cohort study of 100,000 families to examine the influence of a wide variety of exposures on child health. In developing biospecimen collection, processing, and storage procedures for the NCS, we identified several analytes of different biochemical categories for which it was unclear to what extent deviations from NCS procedures could influence measurement results. METHODS A pilot study was performed to examine effects of preanalytic sample handling conditions (delays in centrifugation, freezing delays, delays in separation from cells, additive delay, and tube type) on concentrations of eight different analytes. A total of 2825 measurements were made to assess 15 unique combinations of analyte and handling conditions in blood collected from 151 women of childbearing age (≥ 20 individuals per handling condition). RESULTS The majority of analytes were stable under the conditions evaluated. However, levels of plasma interleukin-6 and serum insulin were decreased in response to sample centrifugation delays of up to 5.5 h post-collection (p<0.0001). In addition, delays in freezing centrifuged plasma samples (comparing 24, 48 and 72 h to immediate freezing) resulted in increased levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (p=0.0014). CONCLUSIONS Determining stability of proposed analytes in response to preanalytical conditions and handling helps to ensure high-quality specimens for study now and in the future. The results inform development of procedures, plans for measurement of analytes, and interpretation of laboratory results.
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Burska A, Boissinot M, Ponchel F. Cytokines as biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:545493. [PMID: 24733962 PMCID: PMC3964841 DOI: 10.1155/2014/545493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RA is a complex disease that develops as a series of events often referred to as disease continuum. RA would benefit from novel biomarker development for diagnosis where new biomarkers are still needed (even if progresses have been made with the inclusion of ACPA into the ACR/EULAR 2010 diagnostic criteria) and for prognostic notably in at risk of evolution patients with autoantibody-positive arthralgia. Risk biomarkers for rapid evolution or cardiovascular complications are also highly desirable. Monitoring biomarkers would be useful in predicting relapse. Finally, predictive biomarkers for therapy outcome would allow tailoring therapy to the individual. Increasing numbers of cytokines have been involved in RA pathology. Many have the potential as biomarkers in RA especially as their clinical utility is already established in other diseases and could be easily transferable to rheumatology. We will review the current knowledge's relation to cytokine used as biomarker in RA. However, given the complexity and heterogeneous nature of RA, it is unlikely that a single cytokine may provide sufficient discrimination; therefore multiple biomarker signatures may represent more realistic approach for the future of personalised medicine in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Burska
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Marjorie Boissinot
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology Research, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Frederique Ponchel
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK ; NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, The Leeds Trust Teaching Hospital, Leeds, UK ; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Translational Research in Immune Mediated Inflammatory Diseases Group, Clinical Sciences Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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Cretu D, Diamandis EP, Chandran V. Delineating the synovial fluid proteome: recent advancements and ongoing challenges in biomarker research. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014; 50:51-63. [PMID: 23758541 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2013.802408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for identifying novel serum biomarkers that can be used to improve diagnosis, predict disease progression or response to therapy, or serve as therapeutic targets for rheumatic diseases. Synovial fluid (SF) is secreted by and remains in direct contact with the synovial membrane, and can reflect the biochemical state of the joint under different physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, SF is regarded as an excellent source for identifying biomarkers of rheumatologic diseases. The use of high-throughput and/or quantitative proteomics and sophisticated computational software applied to analyze the protein content of SF has been well-adopted as an approach to finding novel arthritis biomarkers. This review will focus on some of the potential pitfalls of biomarker studies using SF, summarize the status of the field of SF proteomics in general, as well as discuss some of the most promising biomarker study approaches using proteomics. A brief status of the biomarker discovery efforts in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cretu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Less R, Boylan KLM, Skubitz APN, Aksan A. Isothermal vitrification methodology development for non-cryogenic storage of archival human sera. Cryobiology 2013; 66:176-85. [PMID: 23353801 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biorepositories worldwide collect human serum samples and store them for future research. Currently, hundreds of biorepositories across the world store human serum samples in refrigerators, freezers, or liquid nitrogen without following any specific cryopreservation protocol. This method of storage is both expensive and potentially detrimental to the biospecimens. To decrease both cost of storage and the freeze/thaw stresses, we explored the feasibility of storing archival human serum samples at non-cryogenic temperatures using isothermal vitrification. When biospecimens are vitrified, biochemical reactions can be stopped, the specimen ceases to degrade, and macromolecules can be stabilized without requiring cryogenic storage. In this study, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8M trehalose; 0, 0.005 or 0.01M dextran; and 0 or 10% (v/v) glycerol was added to human serum samples. The samples were either dried diffusively as sessile droplets or desiccated under vacuum after they are adsorbed onto glass microfiber filters. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the desiccated samples were measured by temperature-ramp Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Sera samples vitrified at 4±2°C when 0.8M trehalose and 0.01M dextran were added and the samples were vacuum dried for two hours. Western immunoblotting showed that vitrified serum proteins were minimally degraded when stored for up to one month at 4°C. About 80% of all proteins were recovered after storage at 4°C on glass microfiber filters, and recovery did not decrease with storage time. These results demonstrated the feasibility of long-term storage of vitrified serum at hypothermic (and non-cryogenic) temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Less
- Biostabilization Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Mittal N. Cell surface concentrations and concentration ranges for testing in vitro autocrine loops and small molecules. PLoS One 2013; 7:e51796. [PMID: 23284769 PMCID: PMC3532204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A common assumption made when performing in vitro cellular assays is that the concentration of substances in the culture system is uniform. However, since the cells that internalize and secrete substances reside at the bottom of the well, it is conceivable that a concentration gradient could arise across the fluid layer. Importantly, the concentration of a substance in the vicinity of a cell, which is the concentration of interest, cannot be measured via existing methods. In this work a simple strategy for estimating the concentration of a chemical species at the surface of a cell is presented. Finally, this result is used to outline a method for determining the appropriate concentration ranges for testing in vitro autocrine loops and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Mittal
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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del Campo M, Mollenhauer B, Bertolotto A, Engelborghs S, Hampel H, Simonsen AH, Kapaki E, Kruse N, Le Bastard N, Lehmann S, Molinuevo JL, Parnetti L, Perret-Liaudet A, Sáez-Valero J, Saka E, Urbani A, Vanmechelen E, Verbeek M, Visser PJ, Teunissen C. Recommendations to standardize preanalytical confounding factors in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers: an update. Biomark Med 2013; 6:419-30. [PMID: 22917144 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.12.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PD) is needed to slow down or halt the disease at the earliest stage. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers can be a good tool for early diagnosis. However, their use in clinical practice is challenging due to the high variability found between centers in the concentrations of both AD CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, total tau and phosphorylated tau) and PD CSF biomarker (α-synuclein). Such a variability has been partially attributed to different preanalytical procedures between laboratories, thus highlighting the need to establish standardized operating procedures. Here, we merge two previous consensus guidelines for preanalytical confounding factors in order to achieve one exhaustive guideline updated with new evidence for Aβ42, total tau and phosphorylated tau, and α-synuclein. The proposed standardized operating procedures are applicable not only to novel CSF biomarkers in AD and PD, but also to biomarkers for other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta del Campo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurology Laboratory, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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41
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Betsou F, Gunter E, Clements J, DeSouza Y, Goddard KAB, Guadagni F, Yan W, Skubitz A, Somiari S, Yeadon T, Chuaqui R. Identification of evidence-based biospecimen quality-control tools: a report of the International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories (ISBER) Biospecimen Science Working Group. J Mol Diagn 2013; 15:3-16. [PMID: 23195791 PMCID: PMC5707193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of biospecimen quality that is linked to processing is one of the goals of biospecimen science. Consensus is lacking, however, regarding optimal sample quality-control (QC) tools (ie, markers and assays). The aim of this review was to identify QC tools, both for fluid and solid-tissue samples, based on a comprehensive and critical literature review. The most readily applicable tools are those with a known threshold for the preanalytical variation and a known reference range for the QC analyte. Only a few meaningful markers were identified that meet these criteria, such as CD40L for assessing serum exposure at high temperatures and VEGF for assessing serum freeze-thawing. To fully assess biospecimen quality, multiple QC markers are needed. Here we present the most promising biospecimen QC tools that were identified.
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42
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Kozlakidis Z, Mant C, Cason J. Bridging the Financial Gap Through Providing Contract Services: A Model for Publicly Funded Clinical Biobanks. Biopreserv Biobank 2012; 10:357-60. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2012.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zisis Kozlakidis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- The King's College London Infectious Diseases BioBank, The National Institute of Health Research's Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Mant
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Cason
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- The King's College London Infectious Diseases BioBank, The National Institute of Health Research's Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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43
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Davis E, Hampson K, Bray C, Dixon K, Ollier W, Yuille M. Selection and Implementation of the ISO9001 Standard to Support Biobanking Research Infrastructure Development. Biopreserv Biobank 2012; 10:162-7. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2011.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Davis
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Hampson
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Bray
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Dixon
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - William Ollier
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Yuille
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Kim SY, Kim JS, Hwang SH, Park HK, Lee JH, Lee DH, Hah SS, Park DY. Progastrin-releasing peptide is a candidate marker for quality control in clinical sample processing and storage. Am J Clin Pathol 2012; 137:277-82. [PMID: 22261454 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpdy5fpqowa2na] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
For clinical epidemiologic and proteomic studies, the control of preanalytic variation, including sample processing and storage, is important. We evaluated the stability of progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) as a marker for the quality control of stored serum and plasma samples. The ProGRP from 23 healthy volunteers was measured serially for 8 hours at room temperature, and the results were validated with clinical samples from the biobank. A significant difference in ΔProGRP was also noted between good-quality (time delay <4 hours before storage) and poor-quality (time delay ≥4 hours before storage) specimens (mean ± SD, 0.17 ± 0.08 vs 0.36 ± 0.14; P < .001; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). With a ΔProGRP cutoff of 0.22, the sensitivity and specificity of detection of the poor-quality samples were 85.7% and 75.0%, respectively, in clinical validations. We demonstrated that ΔProGRP could be used as a marker for quality control in sample processing and storage in biobanks.
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45
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Jury F, Morris J, Davis E, Ollier W, Yuille M. Sources of variability between biobanks in the estimation of DNA concentration. Biopreserv Biobank 2012; 10:55-61. [PMID: 24849754 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2011.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In biobank networks, accrual, aggregation, and retrieval of samples and data are impeded if minimal standards are not agreed in advance by the network members. The critical requirement is that outputs be standardized between biobanks. To start to address this problem of minimal standards, we undertook a pilot study and now report a follow-up study with 79 centers to identify sources of variability in a common measurement-the estimation of DNA concentration. Our main findings include confirmation of the results of the pilot study on overall variability between centers; fluorescence spectroscopy yields lower estimates of concentration and has less accuracy than absorption spectroscopy; and the 2 technologies differ in their sensitivity to mixing of the samples before measurement. We found that more recent servicing of liquid handling devices contributes to accuracy (at least when deploying absorption spectroscopy). We conclude that, while further study is required, there is a need to promote the development of complete Standard Operating Procedures in academic and commercial laboratories with the implementation of management systems that ensure full adherence to those procedures. There also needs to be a consensus on how much variability in measurements is acceptable for each downstream platform for technologies, including genotyping, sequencing, and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Jury
- 1 Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, The University of Manchester/Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester, United Kingdom
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46
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Standardization of preanalytical aspects of cerebrospinal fluid biomarker testing for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis: a consensus paper from the Alzheimer's Biomarkers Standardization Initiative. Alzheimers Dement 2011; 8:65-73. [PMID: 22047631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies show that the cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers total tau (T-tau), tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-tau(181P)), and amyloid-β (1-42) (Aβ(1-42)) have high diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease. Variability in concentrations for Aβ(1-42), T-tau, and P-tau(181P) drives the need for standardization. METHODS Key issues were identified and discussed before the first meeting of the members of the Alzheimer's Biomarkers Standardization Initiative (ABSI). Subsequent ABSI consensus meetings focused on preanalytical issues. RESULTS Consensus was reached on preanalytical issues such as the effects of fasting, different tube types, centrifugation, time and temperature before storage, storage temperature, repeated freeze/thaw cycles, and length of storage on concentrations of Aβ(1-42), T-tau, and P-tau(181P) in cerebrospinal fluid. CONCLUSIONS The consensus reached on preanalytical issues and the recommendations put forward during the ABSI consensus meetings are presented in this paper.
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47
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Hubel A, Aksan A, Skubitz AP, Wendt C, Zhong X. State of the Art in Preservation of Fluid Biospecimens. Biopreserv Biobank 2011; 9:237-44. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2010.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Hubel
- Biopreservation Core Resource, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Alptekin Aksan
- Biopreservation Core Resource, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Amy P.N. Skubitz
- Biopreservation Core Resource, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Chris Wendt
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Kozlakidis Z, Mant C, Abdinur F, Cope A, Steiner S, Peakman M, Hayday A, Cason J. Variation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell RNA Quality in Archived Samples. Biopreserv Biobank 2011; 9:259-263. [PMID: 21977241 PMCID: PMC3178418 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2011.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Infectious Diseases BioBank (IDB) has consistently archived peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMNC) RNA for transcriptome analyses. RNA is particularly labile, and hence, these samples provide a sensitive indicator for assessing the IDB's quality-assurance measures. Independent analyses of 104 PBMNC RNA specimens from 26 volunteers revealed that the mean RNA integrity number (RIN) was high (9.02), although RIN ranged between scores of 7 and 10. This variation of RIN values was not associated with ischemic time, PBMNC quality, number of samples processed per day, self-medication after immunization, freezer location, donor characteristics, differential white blood cell counts, or daily variation in RNA extractions (all P>0.05). RIN values were related to the date of collection, with those processed during mid-summer having highest RIN scores (P=0.0001). Amongst specimens with the lowest RIN scores, no common feature could be identified. Thus, no technical explanation for the variation in RNA quality could be ascertained and these may represent normal physiological variations. These data provide strong evidence that current IDB protocols for the isolation and preservation PBMNC RNA are robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisis Kozlakidis
- The Infectious Diseases BioBank, Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College, London, United Kingdom
- The National Institute of Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR cBRC) at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Mant
- The Infectious Diseases BioBank, Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fartun Abdinur
- The National Institute of Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR cBRC) at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Cope
- The Academic Department of Rheumatology, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Szabi Steiner
- The National Institute of Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR cBRC) at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Peakman
- The National Institute of Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR cBRC) at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Hayday
- The National Institute of Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR cBRC) at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Cason
- The Infectious Diseases BioBank, Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College, London, United Kingdom
- The National Institute of Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR cBRC) at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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49
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Consensus Guidelines for CSF and Blood Biobanking for CNS Biomarker Studies. Mult Scler Int 2011; 2011:246412. [PMID: 22096631 PMCID: PMC3195993 DOI: 10.1155/2011/246412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a long history of research into body fluid biomarkers in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. However, only a few biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are being used in clinical practice. Anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies in serum are currently useful for the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), but we could expect novel CSF biomarkers that help define prognosis and response to treatment for this disease. One of the most critical factors in biomarker research is the inadequate powering of studies performed by single centers. Collaboration between investigators is needed to establish large biobanks of well-defined samples. A key issue in collaboration is to establish standardized protocols for biobanking to ensure that the statistical power gained by increasing the numbers of CSF samples is not compromised by pre-analytical factors. Here, consensus guidelines for CSF collection and biobanking are presented, based on the guidelines that have been published by the BioMS-eu network for CSF biomarker research. We focussed on CSF collection procedures, pre-analytical factors and high quality clinical and paraclinical information. Importantly, the biobanking protocols are applicable for CSF biobanks for research targeting any neurological disease.
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50
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Kugler KG, Hackl WO, Mueller LA, Fiegl H, Graber A, Pfeiffer RM. The Impact of Sample Storage Time on Estimates of Association in Biomarker Discovery Studies. J Clin Bioinforma 2011; 1. [PMID: 21743835 PMCID: PMC3131186 DOI: 10.1186/2043-9113-1-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Using serum, plasma or tumor tissue specimens from biobanks for biomarker discovery studies is attractive as samples are often readily available. However, storage over longer periods of time can alter concentrations of proteins in those specimens. We therefore assessed the bias in estimates of association from case-control studies conducted using banked specimens when maker levels changed over time for single markers and also for multiple correlated markers in simulations. Data from a small laboratory experiment using serum samples guided the choices of simulation parameters for various functions of changes of biomarkers over time. RESULTS: In the laboratory experiment levels of two serum markers measured at sample collection and again in the same samples after approximately ten years in storage increased by 15%. For a 15% increase in marker levels over ten years, odds ratios (ORs) of association were significantly underestimated, with a relative bias of -10%, while for a 15% decrease in marker levels over time ORs were too high, with a relative bias of 20%. CONCLUSION: Biases in estimates of parameters of association need to be considered in sample size calculations for studies to replicate markers identified in exploratory analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl G Kugler
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Translational Research, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, EWZ 1, 6060, Hall in Tirol, Austria
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