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Hao J, Wang X, Shi Y, Li L, Chu J, Li J, Lin W, Yu T, Hou D. Integrated omic profiling of the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus under submerged conditions. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:554. [PMID: 37726686 PMCID: PMC10507853 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Inonotus obliquus mushroom, a wondrous fungus boasting edible and medicinal qualities, has been widely used as a folk medicine and shown to have many potential pharmacological secondary metabolites. The purpose of this study was to supply a global landscape of genome-based integrated omic analysis of the fungus under lab-growth conditions. RESULTS This study presented a genome with high accuracy and completeness using the Pacbio Sequel II third-generation sequencing method. The de novo assembled fungal genome was 36.13 Mb, and contained 8352 predicted protein-coding genes, of which 365 carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme)-coding genes and 19 biosynthetic gene clusters (BCGs) for secondary metabolites were identified. Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed a global view of differential metabolic change between seed and fermentation culture, and demonstrated positive correlations between transcription and expression levels of 157 differentially expressed genes involved in the metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, secondary metabolites, antioxidant and immune responses. Facilitated by the widely targeted metabolomic approach, a total of 307 secondary substances were identified and quantified, with a significant increase in the production of antioxidant polyphenols. CONCLUSION This study provided the comprehensive analysis of the fungus Inonotus obliquus, and supplied fundamental information for further screening of promising target metabolites and exploring the link between the genome and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Hao
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yanhua Shi
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Modern Agriculture and Environment, Weifang Institute of Technology, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jinxin Chu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Weiping Lin
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Tao Yu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Dianhai Hou
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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Sepehri N, Valipour M, Parchizadeh E, Maghami P. Investigating the Protective Role of Biochaga Drug on Structural Changes of Bovine Serum Albumin in the Presence of Methyl tert-butyl Ether. Protein J 2023; 42:112-124. [PMID: 36905495 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health benefits of natural products have a long history. Chaga (Inonotus obliques) is used in traditional medicine and is an essential antioxidant for protecting the body from oxidants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced routinely due to metabolic processes. However, environmental pollution factors such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) can increase oxidative stress in the human body. MTBE is widely used as a fuel oxygenator that can harm health. The widespread use of MTBE has posed significant threats to the environment by polluting environmental resources, including groundwater. This compound can accumulate in the bloodstream by inhaling polluted air, with a strong affinity for blood proteins. The primary mechanism of MTBE's harmful effects is ROS production. The use of antioxidants may help reduce MTBE oxidation conditions. The present study proposes that biochaga, as an antioxidant, can reduce MTBE damage in the bovine serum albumin (BSA) structure. METHODS AND RESULTS This study investigated the role of different concentrations of biochaga in the structural change of BSA in the presence of MTBE by biophysical methods such as UV-Vis, fluorescence, FTIR spectroscopy, DPPH radical inhibition method, aggregation test, and molecular docking. Research at the molecular level is critical to investigate the structural change of proteins by MTBE and the protective effect of the ideal dose (2.5 µg/ml) of biochaga. CONCLUSION the results of spectroscopic examinations showed that the concentration of 2.5 µg/ml of biochaga has the least destructive effect on the structure of BSA in the presence and absence of MTBE, and it can play as an antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Sepehri
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Valipour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elmira Parchizadeh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Maghami
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Dai L, Yan J, Xia Q, Wang S, Zhou Q, Zhang J, Wen C. Inhibition on α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase of polysaccharides from
Inonotus obliquus
and effects on delaying the digestion of polysaccharides‐dough system. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐jun Dai
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Jia‐xing Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Qing Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Shi‐qi Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy Wuhan City Central Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430014 China
| | - Jiu‐liang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Chong Wen
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430061 China
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Sivanesan I, Muthu M, Gopal J, Oh JW. Mushroom Polysaccharide-Assisted Anticarcinogenic Mycotherapy: Reviewing Its Clinical Trials. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134090. [PMID: 35807336 PMCID: PMC9267963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the biologically active components, polysaccharides play a crucial role of high medical and pharmaceutical significance. Mushrooms have existed for a long time, dating back to the time of the Ancient Egypt and continue to be well explored globally and experimented with in research as well as in national and international cuisines. Mushroom polysaccharides have slowly become valuable sources of nutraceuticals which have been able to treat various diseases and disorders in humans. The application of mushroom polysaccharides for anticancer mycotherapy is what is being reviewed herein. The widespread health benefits of mushroom polysaccharides have been highlighted and the significant inputs of mushroom-based polysaccharides in anticancer clinical trials have been presented. The challenges and limitation of mushroom polysaccharides into this application and the gaps in the current application areas that could be the future direction have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India; (M.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India; (M.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2049-6271; Fax: +82-2-455-1044
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Wagh VS, Said MS, Bennale JS, Dastager SG. Isolation and structural characterization of exopolysaccharide from marine Bacillus sp. and its optimization by Microbioreactor. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 285:119241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Lee MG, Kwon YS, Nam KS, Kim SY, Hwang IH, Kim S, Jang H. Chaga mushroom extract induces autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114081. [PMID: 33798660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chaga mushrooms (Inonotus obliquus) are commonly used in traditional treatments in Eastern Europe and Asia due to their diverse pharmacological effects, including anti-tumor and immunologic effects. Thus, many cancer patients take Chaga mushrooms as a complementary medicine, even during chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, few studies have investigated the effects or molecular targets of Chaga mushrooms in breast cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY Herein, we examined the anticancer effects of Chaga mushrooms in different types of breast cancer cell lines, and explored the underlying molecular mechanism to better understand their effects and benefits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chaga mushroom extract (CME) was prepared by extracting Chaga mushrooms with 70% ethanol. The cytotoxic effects of CME were assessed by MTT assay and protein expressions were evaluated by western blotting. To evaluate in vivo anti-tumor effects of CME, CME (2 g/kg) was orally administered to 4T1 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice every other day over 30 days (15 administrations), and tumor sizes were measured. Silica gel column chromatography was used to fractionate CME, and major constituents responsible for cytotoxic effects of CME were identified by 1H/13C-NMR and LC-MS. RESULTS CME inhibited the proliferation of 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. The expression of LC3 and phosphorylation of AMPK were increased by CME, while the phosphorylation of mTOR, S6, and S6K1 were suppressed, suggesting that CME induced autophagy by activating AMPK and inhibiting mTOR signaling pathways. Consistent with its observed cytotoxic effect in vitro, CME effectively suppressed tumor growth in 4T1 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. In addition, inotodiol and trametenolic acid were identified as the major constituents responsible for the cytotoxic effects of CME on breast cancer cells. Moreover, inotodiol and trametenolic acid-enriched fractions both exhibited cytotoxic effects regardless of breast cancer cell subtypes and did not interfere with the cytotoxic effects of conventional drugs. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, Chaga mushroom extract induced autophagy by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway. Our data suggest Chaga mushrooms may be a beneficial complementary medicine for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Gu Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Suk Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, 443 Samnye-ro, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hyun Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, 443 Samnye-ro, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38066, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunsoo Jang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38066, Republic of Korea.
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Mushroom Nutrition as Preventative Healthcare in Sub-Saharan Africa. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The defining characteristics of the traditional Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) cuisine have been the richness in indigenous foods and ingredients, herbs and spices, fermented foods and beverages, and healthy and whole ingredients used. It is crucial to safeguard the recognized benefits of mainstream traditional foods and ingredients, which gradually eroded in the last decades. Notwithstanding poverty, chronic hunger, malnutrition, and undernourishment in the region, traditional eating habits have been related to positive health outcomes and sustainability. The research prevailed dealing with food availability and access rather than the health, nutrition, and diet quality dimensions of food security based on what people consume per country and on the missing data related to nutrient composition of indigenous foods. As countries become more economically developed, they shift to “modern” occidental foods rich in saturated fats, salt, sugar, fizzy beverages, and sweeteners. As a result, there are increased incidences of previously unreported ailments due to an unbalanced diet. Protein-rich foods in dietary guidelines enhance only those of animal or plant sources, while rich protein sources such as mushrooms have been absent in these charts, even in developed countries. This article considers the valorization of traditional African foodstuffs and ingredients, enhancing the importance of establishing food-based dietary guidelines per country. The crux of this review highlights the potential of mushrooms, namely some underutilized in the SSA, which is the continent’s little exploited gold mine as one of the greatest untapped resources for feeding and providing income for Africa’s growing population, which could play a role in shielding Sub-Saharan Africans against the side effects of an unhealthy stylish diet.
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Agnestisia R, Ono A, Nakamura L, Chino R, Nodera K, Aiso-Sanada H, Nezu I, Ishiguri F, Suzuki T, Yokota S. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the medicinal fungus Inonotus obliquus ( Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019; 4:3504-3506. [PMID: 33366060 PMCID: PMC7707248 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1675548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inonotus obliquus is a medicinal fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae and commonly known as chaga. The sclerotium of this fungus has been used as a traditional medicine for long time. In this study, we present the mitochondrial genome sequence of I. obliquus. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is 119,110 base pairs in length and contained genes for 58 Open reading frames, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and 30 transfer RNAs. Consequently performed phylogenetic analysis indicates that this fungus is closely related to Sanghuangporus sanghuang which belongs to the same family Hymenochaetaceae. We first reported about the complete mitochondrial genome of fungi belonging to the genus Inonotus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retno Agnestisia
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Akiko Ono
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Luna Nakamura
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Rei Chino
- Kyushu Regional Breeding Office, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Koshi, Japan
| | - Kaito Nodera
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Haruna Aiso-Sanada
- Department of Wood Properties and Processing, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan (Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)
| | - Ikumi Nezu
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Futoshi Ishiguri
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Suzuki
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Shinso Yokota
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
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9
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Varghese R, Dalvi YB, Lamrood PY, Shinde BP, Nair CKK. Historical and current perspectives on therapeutic potential of higher basidiomycetes: an overview. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:362. [PMID: 31572645 PMCID: PMC6749005 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1886-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are macroscopic fungi which can be either epigeous or hypogeous and is estimated to be 140,000 on earth, yet only 10% are known. Since ancient time, it played a diverse role in human history for mycolatry, mycophagy and as medicine in folklore and religion. Many Asian and western countries consider mushrooms as panacea for a large number of diseases and utilized for consumption as a gourmet food for its taste as well as flavor. In recent years, scientific research fraternities have confirmed that various extracts and metabolites of mushrooms used traditionally are able to treat a wide range of diseases due to their balanced modulation of multiple targets thereby providing a greater therapeutic effect or equivalent curative effect to that of modern medicine. Medicinal mushrooms especially those belonging to higher basidiomycete groups are reservoir of bioactive compounds with multiple therapeutic properties. The present review provides historical importance as well as an updated information on pharmacologically relevant higher basidiomycetes belong to the genus Agaricus, Auricularia, Phellinus, Ganoderma, Pleurotus, Trametes and Lentinus and their biologically active secondary metabolites. This will help the researchers to understand various type of secondary metabolites, their therapeutic role and related in vivo or in vitro work at a glance. The mounting evidences from several scientific community across the globe, regarding various therapeutic applications of mushroom extracts, unarguably make it an advance research area worth mass attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Varghese
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Tiruvalla, Kerala 689101 India
- MACFAST, Tiruvalla, Kerala India
| | - Yogesh Bharat Dalvi
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Tiruvalla, Kerala 689101 India
| | - Prasad Y. Lamrood
- Department of Botany, Ahmednagar College (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Ahmednagar, Maharashtra India
| | - Bharat P. Shinde
- Vidya Pratishthan’s Arts Science Commerce College, Baramati, Maharashtra India
| | - C. K. K. Nair
- MACFAST, Tiruvalla, Kerala India
- St. Gregorios Dental College and Research Centre, Kothamangalam, Kerala India
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Liu Z, Yu D, Li L, Liu X, Zhang H, Sun W, Lin CC, Chen J, Chen Z, Wang W, Jia W. Three-Phase Partitioning for the Extraction and Purification of Polysaccharides from the Immunomodulatory Medicinal Mushroom Inonotus obliquus. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030403. [PMID: 30678319 PMCID: PMC6384551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides from the immunomodulatory medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus (IOPS) were extracted and purified using three-phase partitioning (TPP), which is an efficient, fast, safe, and green purification technique. An optimal extraction procedure that gave a good 2.2% isolated yield was identified, using the following protocol: a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g to 12 mL; mass fraction of (NH4)2SO4 20% (w/v); 11 mL t-butanol; pH 8.0; temperature 30 °C; and extraction time 30 min. The purified IOPS was shown to be a proteoglycan of 40 kDa molecular weight comprising of d-galactose, d-glucose, d-xylose, and d-mannose in a molar ratio of 2.0:3.5:1.0:1.5. The purified IOPS displayed strong free-radical scavenging abilities, antioxidant activities, and immunological activity in vitro. IOPS’ Trolox antioxidant equivalent capacity and ferric-reducing ability of plasma were 251.2 μmol Trolox/g sample and 1040.5 μmol Fe2+/g sample, respectively, with the activity of its immunomodulatory behavior shown to be gradient dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Liu
- Food Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, China.
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China.
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Food Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China.
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Henan Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China.
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.
| | - Chi-Chung Lin
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China.
| | - Jiafu Chen
- Food Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, China.
| | - Zhi Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.
| | - Wenhan Wang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China.
| | - Wei Jia
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China.
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Kosakowska O. Experimental Paper. Intrapopulation variability of flavonoid content in roots of Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi). HERBA POLONICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/hepo-2017-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction: Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) is an important medicinal plant, indigenous to Asia. Due to a wide range of pharmacological activities, its roots has been used for ages in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Recently, the species has become an object of interest of Western medicine, as well. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the variability of Baikal skullcap population originated from Mongolia and cultivated in Poland, in terms of content and composition of flavonoids in the roots. Methods: The objects of the study were 15 individual plants, selected within examined population and cloned in order to obtain a sufficient amount of raw material. The total content of flavonoids in roots was determined according to Polish Pharmacopeia 6th. The qualitative analysis of flavonoids was carried out using HPLC, Shimadzu chromatograph. Results: The dry mass of roots ranged from 25.88 to 56.14 g × plant-1. The total content of flavonoids (expressed as a quercetin equivalent) varied between 0.17 and 0.52% dry matter (DM). Nine compounds were detected within the group, with oroxylin A 7-Oglucuronide (346.90-1063.00 mg × 100 g-1 DM) as a dominant, which differentiated investigated clones at the highest degree (CV=0.27). Baicalin (391.40-942.00 mg × 100 g-1 DM), wogonoside (324.00-641.10 mg × 100 g-1 DM) and hesperetine 7-O-glucoside (163.00-346.32 mg × 100 g-1 DM) were also present in a considerable amounts. Clone 7 was distinguished by the highest content of all investigated compounds, except wogonin and oroxylin A 7-O-glucuronide. Conclusions: Results obtained in present study show a high variability within Baical skullcap investigated population in respect of flavonoid compounds detected in roots. Thus, the results may be used in future investigations concerning the selection and breeding of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kosakowska
- Laboratory of New Herbal Products Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Nowoursynowska 166 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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