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Schaefer T, Mittal N, Wang H, Ataman M, Candido S, Lötscher J, Velychko S, Tintignac L, Bock T, Börsch A, Baßler J, Rao TN, Zmajkovic J, Roffeis S, Löliger J, Jacob F, Dumlin A, Schürch C, Schmidt A, Skoda RC, Wymann MP, Hess C, Schöler HR, Zaehres H, Hurt E, Zavolan M, Lengerke C. Nuclear and cytosolic fractions of SOX2 synergize as transcriptional and translational co-regulators of cell fate. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114807. [PMID: 39368083 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Stemness and pluripotency are mediated by transcriptional master regulators that promote self-renewal and repress cell differentiation, among which is the high-mobility group (HMG) box transcription factor SOX2. Dysregulated SOX2 expression, by contrast, leads to transcriptional aberrations relevant to oncogenic transformation, cancer progression, metastasis, therapy resistance, and relapse. Here, we report a post-transcriptional mechanism by which the cytosolic pool of SOX2 contributes to these events in an unsuspected manner. Specifically, a low-complexity region within SOX2's C-terminal segment connects to the ribosome to modulate the expression of cognate downstream factors. Independent of nuclear structures or DNA, this C-terminal functionality alone changes metabolic properties and induces non-adhesive growth when expressed in the cytosol of SOX2 knockout cells. We thus propose a revised model of SOX2 action where nuclear and cytosolic fractions cooperate to impose cell fate decisions via both transcriptional and translational mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Schaefer
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meric Ataman
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Candido
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Lötscher
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sergiy Velychko
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lionel Tintignac
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bock
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anastasiya Börsch
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Baßler
- Biochemistry Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tata Nageswara Rao
- Medical Research Center, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jakub Zmajkovic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Roffeis
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jordan Löliger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francis Jacob
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Dumlin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Schürch
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Radek C Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Wymann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hess
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; CITIID, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Holm Zaehres
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany; Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ed Hurt
- Biochemistry Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Wu F, Song C, Zhen G, Jin Q, Li W, Liang X, Xu W, Guo W, Yang Y, Dong W, Jiang A, Kong P, Yan J. Exosomes derived from BMSCs in osteogenic differentiation promote type H blood vessel angiogenesis through miR-150-5p mediated metabolic reprogramming of endothelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:344. [PMID: 39133273 PMCID: PMC11335269 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Osteogenesis is tightly coupled with angiogenesis spatiotemporally. Previous studies have demonstrated that type H blood vessel formed by endothelial cells with high expression of CD31 and Emcn (CD31hi Emcnhi ECs) play a crucial role in bone regeneration. The mechanism of the molecular communication around CD31hi Emcnhi ECs and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the osteogenic microenvironment is unclear. This study indicates that exosomes from bone mesenchymal stem cells with 7 days osteogenic differentiation (7D-BMSCs-exo) may promote CD31hi Emcnhi ECs angiogenesis, which was verified by tube formation assay, qRT-PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence staining and µCT assays etc. in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, by exosomal miRNA microarray and WGCNA assays, we identified downregulated miR-150-5p as the most relative hub gene coupling osteogenic differentiation and type H blood vessel angiogenesis. With bioinformatics assays, dual luciferase reporter experiments, qRT-PCR and Western blot assays, SOX2(SRY-Box Transcription Factor 2) was confirmed as a novel downstream target gene of miR-150-5p in exosomes, which might be a pivotal mechanism regulating CD31hi Emcnhi ECs formation. Additionally, JC-1 immunofluorescence staining, Western blot and seahorse assay results showed that the overexpression of SOX2 could shift metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis to enhance the CD31hi Emcnhi ECs formation. The PI3k/Akt signaling pathway might play a key role in this process. In summary, BMSCs in osteogenic differentiation might secrete exosomes with low miR-150-5p expression to induce type H blood vessel formation by mediating SOX2 overexpression in ECs. These findings might reveal a molecular mechanism of osteogenesis coupled with type H blood vessel angiogenesis in the osteogenic microenvironment and provide a new therapeutic target or cell-free remedy for osteogenesis impaired diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Chengchao Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Guanqi Zhen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Qin Jin
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiongjie Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi Province, 545000, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, P.R. China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Anlong Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Pengyu Kong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jinglong Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, P. R. China.
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Zhang X, Wan J, Huang T, Tang P, Yang L, Bu X, Zhang W, Zhong L. Rapid and accurate identification of stem cell differentiation stages via SERS and convolutional neural networks. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2753-2766. [PMID: 38855654 PMCID: PMC11161375 DOI: 10.1364/boe.519093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring the transition of cell states during induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) differentiation is crucial for clinical medicine and basic research. However, both identification category and prediction accuracy need further improvement. Here, we propose a method combining surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with convolutional neural networks (CNN) to precisely identify and distinguish cell states during stem cell differentiation. First, mitochondria-targeted probes were synthesized by combining AuNRs and mitochondrial localization signal (MLS) peptides to obtain effective and stable SERS spectra signals at various stages of cell differentiation. Then, the SERS spectra served as input datasets, and their distinctive features were learned and distinguished by CNN. As a result, rapid and accurate identification of six different cell states, including the embryoid body (EB) stage, was successfully achieved throughout the stem cell differentiation process with an impressive prediction accuracy of 98.5%. Furthermore, the impact of different spectral feature peaks on the identification results was investigated, which provides a valuable reference for selecting appropriate spectral bands to identify cell states. This is also beneficial for shortening the spectral acquisition region to enhance spectral acquisition speed. These results suggest the potential for SERS-CNN models in quality monitoring of stem cells, advancing the practical applications of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication of Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianhui Wan
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication of Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication of Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication of Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoya Bu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weina Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication of Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liyun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication of Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Medina-Jiménez BI, Budd GE, Janssen R. Single-cell RNA sequencing of mid-to-late stage spider embryos: new insights into spider development. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:150. [PMID: 38326752 PMCID: PMC10848406 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum represents an emerging new model organism of arthropod evolutionary and developmental (EvoDevo) studies. Recent technical advances have resulted in the first single-cell sequencing (SCS) data on this species allowing deeper insights to be gained into its early development, but mid-to-late stage embryos were not included in these pioneering studies. RESULTS Therefore, we performed SCS on mid-to-late stage embryos of Parasteatoda and characterized resulting cell clusters by means of in-silico analysis (comparison of key markers of each cluster with previously published information on these genes). In-silico prediction of the nature of each cluster was then tested/verified by means of additional in-situ hybridization experiments with additional markers of each cluster. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that SCS data reliably group cells with similar genetic fingerprints into more or less distinct clusters, and thus allows identification of developing cell types on a broader level, such as the distinction of ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal cell lineages, as well as the identification of distinct developing tissues such as subtypes of nervous tissue cells, the developing heart, or the ventral sulcus (VS). In comparison with recent other SCS studies on the same species, our data represent later developmental stages, and thus provide insights into different stages of developing cell types and tissues such as differentiating neurons and the VS that are only present at these later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda I Medina-Jiménez
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Graham E Budd
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ralf Janssen
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
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5
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Guo H, Rogg M, Keller J, Scherzinger AK, Jäckel J, Meyer C, Sammarco A, Helmstädter M, Gorka O, Groß O, Schell C, Bechtel-Walz W. ADP-Ribosylation Factor-Interacting Protein 2 Acts as a Novel Regulator of Mitophagy and Autophagy in Podocytes in Diabetic Nephropathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:81. [PMID: 38247505 PMCID: PMC10812550 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Differentiated podocytes are particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress and cellular waste products. The disease-related loss of postmitotic podocytes is a direct indicator of renal disease progression and aging. Podocytes use highly specific regulated networks of autophagy and endocytosis that counteract the increasing number of damaged protein aggregates and help maintain cellular homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that ARFIP2 is a regulator of autophagy and mitophagy in podocytes both in vitro and in vivo. (2) Methods: In a recent molecular regulatory network analysis of mouse glomeruli, we identified ADP-ribosylation factor-interacting protein 2 (Arfip2), a cytoskeletal regulator and cofactor of ATG9-mediated autophagosome formation, to be differentially expressed with age. We generated an Arfip2-deficient immortalized podocyte cell line using the CRISPR/Cas technique to investigate the significance of Arfip2 for renal homeostasis in vitro. For the in vivo analyses of Arfip2 deficiency, we used a mouse model of Streptozotozin-induced type I diabetes and investigated physiological data and (patho)histological (ultra)structural modifications. (3) Results: ARFIP2 deficiency in immortalized human podocytes impedes autophagy. Beyond this, ARFIP2 deficiency in human podocytes interferes with ATG9A trafficking and the PINK1-Parkin pathway, leading to the compromised fission of mitochondria and short-term increase in mitochondrial respiration and induction of mitophagy. In diabetic mice, Arfip2 deficiency deteriorates autophagy and leads to foot process effacement, histopathological changes, and early albuminuria. (4) Conclusions: In summary, we show that ARFIP2 is a novel regulator of autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis in podocytes by facilitating ATG9A trafficking during PINK1/Parkin-regulated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Guo
- Department of Medicine IV, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Rogg
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Keller
- Department of Medicine IV, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Scherzinger
- Department of Medicine IV, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Jäckel
- Department of Medicine IV, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Meyer
- Department of Medicine IV, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alena Sammarco
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Department of Medicine IV, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- EMcore, Renal Division, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Gorka
- Institute of Neuropathology, Experimental Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Groß
- Institute of Neuropathology, Experimental Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schell
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wibke Bechtel-Walz
- Department of Medicine IV, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Berta-Ottenstein Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Lye J, Delaney DS, Leith FK, Sardesai VS, McLenachan S, Chen FK, Atlas MD, Wong EYM. Recent Therapeutic Progress and Future Perspectives for the Treatment of Hearing Loss. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3347. [PMID: 38137568 PMCID: PMC10741758 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 1.5 billion people worldwide suffer from various forms of hearing loss, with an additional 1.1 billion people at risk from various insults such as increased consumption of recreational noise-emitting devices and ageing. The most common type of hearing impairment is sensorineural hearing loss caused by the degeneration or malfunction of cochlear hair cells or spiral ganglion nerves in the inner ear. There is currently no cure for hearing loss. However, emerging frontier technologies such as gene, drug or cell-based therapies offer hope for an effective cure. In this review, we discuss the current therapeutic progress for the treatment of hearing loss. We describe and evaluate the major therapeutic approaches being applied to hearing loss and summarize the key trials and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Lye
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.L.); (D.S.D.); (F.K.L.); (V.S.S.); (M.D.A.)
- Centre for Ear Sciences, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Derek S. Delaney
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.L.); (D.S.D.); (F.K.L.); (V.S.S.); (M.D.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Fiona K. Leith
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.L.); (D.S.D.); (F.K.L.); (V.S.S.); (M.D.A.)
- Centre for Ear Sciences, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Varda S. Sardesai
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.L.); (D.S.D.); (F.K.L.); (V.S.S.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Samuel McLenachan
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (S.M.); (F.K.C.)
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Fred K. Chen
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (S.M.); (F.K.C.)
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Vitroretinal Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Marcus D. Atlas
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.L.); (D.S.D.); (F.K.L.); (V.S.S.); (M.D.A.)
- Centre for Ear Sciences, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Elaine Y. M. Wong
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.L.); (D.S.D.); (F.K.L.); (V.S.S.); (M.D.A.)
- Centre for Ear Sciences, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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Benítez-Burraco A, Uriagereka J, Nataf S. The genomic landscape of mammal domestication might be orchestrated by selected transcription factors regulating brain and craniofacial development. Dev Genes Evol 2023; 233:123-135. [PMID: 37552321 PMCID: PMC10746608 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-023-00709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Domestication transforms once wild animals into tamed animals that can be then exploited by humans. The process entails modifications in the body, cognition, and behavior that are essentially driven by differences in gene expression patterns. Although genetic and epigenetic mechanisms were shown to underlie such differences, less is known about the role exerted by trans-regulatory molecules, notably transcription factors (TFs) in domestication. In this paper, we conducted extensive in silico analyses aimed to clarify the TF landscape of mammal domestication. We first searched the literature, so as to establish a large list of genes selected with domestication in mammals. From this list, we selected genes experimentally demonstrated to exhibit TF functions. We also considered TFs displaying a statistically significant number of targets among the entire list of (domestication) selected genes. This workflow allowed us to identify 5 candidate TFs (SOX2, KLF4, MITF, NR3C1, NR3C2) that were further assessed in terms of biochemical and functional properties. We found that such TFs-of-interest related to mammal domestication are all significantly involved in the development of the brain and the craniofacial region, as well as the immune response and lipid metabolism. A ranking strategy, essentially based on a survey of protein-protein interactions datasets, allowed us to identify SOX2 as the main candidate TF involved in domestication-associated evolutionary changes. These findings should help to clarify the molecular mechanics of domestication and are of interest for future studies aimed to understand the behavioral and cognitive changes associated to domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Benítez-Burraco
- Department of Spanish, Linguistics, and Theory of Literature (Linguistics), Faculty of Philology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
- Área de Lingüística General, Departamento de Lengua Española, Lingüística y Teoría de la Literatura, Facultad de Filología, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Palos de la Frontera s/n., 41007-, Sevilla, España.
| | - Juan Uriagereka
- Department of Linguistics and School of Languages, Literatures & Cultures, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Serge Nataf
- Stem-cell and Brain Research Institute, 18 avenue de Doyen Lépine, F-69500, Bron, France
- University of Lyon 1, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
- Bank of Tissues and Cells, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d'Arsonval, F-69003, Lyon, France
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8
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Zhang Z, Zhang H, Hu B, Luan Y, Zhu K, Ma B, Zhang Z, Zheng X. R-Loop Defines Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells During Mouse Neurodevelopment. Stem Cells Dev 2023; 32:719-730. [PMID: 37823735 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are present in the mammalian brain throughout life and are involved in neurodevelopment and central nervous system repair. Although typical epigenetic signatures, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs, play a pivotal role in regulation of NSPCs, several of the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of NSPCs remain unclear. Thus, defining a novel epigenetic feature of NSPCs is crucial for developing stem cell therapy to address neurologic disorders caused by injury. In this study, we aimed to define the R-loop, a three-stranded nucleic acid structure, as an epigenetic characteristic of NSPCs during neurodevelopment. Our results demonstrated that R-loop levels change dynamically throughout neurodevelopment. Cells with high levels of R-loops consistently decreased and were enriched in the area of neurogenesis. Additionally, these cells costained with SOX2 during neurodevelopment. Furthermore, these cells with high R-loop levels expressed Ki-67 and exhibited a high degree of overlap with the transcriptional activation markers, H3K4me3, ser5, and H3K27ac. These findings suggest that R-loops may serve as an epigenetic feature for transcriptional activation in NSPCs, indicating their role in gene expression regulation and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Baoqi Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Luan
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Neurology, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Abd GM, Laird MC, Ku JC, Li Y. Hypoxia-induced cancer cell reprogramming: a review on how cancer stem cells arise. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1227884. [PMID: 37614497 PMCID: PMC10442830 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1227884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are a subset of cells within the tumor that possess the ability to self-renew as well as differentiate into different cancer cell lineages. The exact mechanisms by which cancer stem cells arise is still not completely understood. However, current research suggests that cancer stem cells may originate from normal stem cells that have undergone genetic mutations or epigenetic changes. A more recent discovery is the dedifferentiation of cancer cells to stem-like cells. These stem-like cells have been found to express and even upregulate induced pluripotent stem cell markers known as Yamanaka factors. Here we discuss developments in how cancer stem cells arise and consider how environmental factors, such as hypoxia, plays a key role in promoting the progression of cancer stem cells and metastasis. Understanding the mechanisms that give rise to these cells could have important implications for the development of new strategies in cancer treatments and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve M. Abd
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Biomedical. Engineering, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Madison C. Laird
- Medical Students, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jennifer C. Ku
- Medical Students, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Biomedical. Engineering, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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10
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Chen K, Wang Y, Huang Y, Liu X, Tian X, Yang Y, Dong A. Cross-species scRNA-seq reveals the cellular landscape of retina and early alterations in type 2 diabetes mice. Genomics 2023; 115:110644. [PMID: 37279838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis have provided an unprecedented resolution for the studies on diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, the early changes in the retina in diabetes remain unclear. A total of 8 human and mouse scRNA-seq datasets, containing 276,402 cells were analyzed individually to comprehensively delineate the retinal cell atlas. The neural retinas were isolated from the type 2 diabetes (T2D) and control mice, and scRNA-seq analysis was conducted to evaluate the early effects of diabetes on the retina. Bipolar cell (BC) heterogeneity were identified. We found some stable BCs across multiple datasets, and explored their biological functions. A new RBC subtype (Car8_RBC) in the mouse retina was validated using the multi-color immunohistochemistry. AC149090.1 was significantly upregulated in the rod cells, ON cone BCs (CBCs), OFF CBCs, and RBCs in T2D mice. Additionally, the interneurons, especially BCs, were the most vulnerable cells to diabetes by integrating scRNA-seq and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) analyses. In conclusion, this study delineated a cross-species retinal cell atlas and uncovered the early pathological alterations in the retina of T2D mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yinhao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Youyuan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xiaodong Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Yinmo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Aimei Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; Department of General Practice, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
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11
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Zhao H, Wei Y, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Zhao J, Li X, Lin Y, Liu K. The roles of the SOX2 protein in the development of esophagus and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and pharmacological target for therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114764. [PMID: 37100016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX2 is a transcription factor belonging to the SOX gene family, whose activity has been associated with the maintenance of the stemness and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), as well as the induction of differentiated cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Moreover, accumulating studies have shown that SOX2 is amplified in various cancers, notably in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In addition, SOX2 expression is linked to multiple malignant processes, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug resistance. Taken together, targeting SOX2 might shed light on novel approaches for cancer therapy. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge regarding SOX2 in the development of esophagus and ESCC. We also highlight several therapeutic strategies for targeting SOX2 in different cancer types, which can provide new tools to treat cancers possessing abnormal levels of SOX2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China
| | - Hongzhou Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China
| | - Yuxuan Wei
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China
| | - Yijian Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China.
| | - Kuancan Liu
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China.
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12
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Dai H, Wang Y, Fan Z, Guo Y, Chen J, Meng Y, Tong X, Gao M, Wang J. Bovine cyclic GMP-AMP synthase recognizes exogenous double-stranded DNA and activates the STING-depended interferon β production pathway. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104567. [PMID: 36228808 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) recognizes exogenous double-stranded DNA and produces 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3'-cGAMP), activating the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and innate immunity. Bovine cGAS functions remain poorly understood. Herein, the coding sequence of the bo-cGAS gene was obtained and its recognition function was investigated. Bo-cGAS consists of 1542 nucleotides and the encoding acid sequence contained high sequence homology to that of other livestock. Bo-cGAS was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and was abundant in the lung. Bo-cGAS and bo-STING coexistence significantly activated the IFN-β promotor. Synthesized 2'3'-cGAMP activated the STING-dependent pathway. Upon bo-cGAS recognition of poly(dA:dT) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), Viperin transcription displayed the opposite time-dependent trend. Significant restriction of IFN-β transcription but augmentation of myxovirus resistance protein 1 (Mx1) and Viperin occurred during BHV-1 infection. Thus, bo-cGAS recognized exogenous double-stranded DNA and triggered the STING-dependent IFN-β production pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Dai
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhenying Fan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yongli Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ye Meng
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Mingchun Gao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Junwei Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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13
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Gattupalli M, Dey P, Poovizhi S, Patel RB, Mishra D, Banerjee S. The Prospects of RNAs and Common Significant Pathways in Cancer Therapy and Regenerative Medicine. Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-6008-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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14
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Xie S, Wan X, Chen S, Hu Y, Liu X. p21-activated kinase 2 binds to transcription factor SOX2 and up-regulates DEK to promote the progression of lung squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2022; 102:1109-1120. [PMID: 35821094 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a prevalent and progressive subtype of lung cancer. This study aimed to substantiate the regulatory effect of the PAK2/SOX2/DEK axis on the LSCC development. LSCC tissues (n = 83) and adjacent normal tissues were collected and SOX2 expression was determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Correlation between SOX2 expression and the prognosis of LSCC patients was then explored utilizing Kaplan-Meier analysis. Co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assays were conducted to validate the binding of SOX2 to DEK. Gain- and loss- of function assays were then performed on LSCC cells, with CCK-8 and Transwell assays applied to detect the malignant behaviors of cells. A mouse xenograft model of LSCC was further established for in vivo validation. The expression levels of SOX2, PAK2 and DEK were up-regulated in LSCC tissues and cells. SOX2 overexpression was correlated with poor prognosis of LSCC patients. Knockdown of SOX2 weakened the viability and the migratory and invasive potential of LSCC cells. Further, PAK2 directly interacted with SOX2. PAK2 overexpression accelerated the malignant phenotypes of LSCC cells through interplay with SOX2. Moreover, SOX2 activated the expression of DEK, and silencing DEK attenuated the malignant behaviors of LSCC cells. In conclusion, PAK2 could bind to the transcription factor SOX2 and thus activate the expression of DEK, thereby driving the malignant phenotypes of LSCC cells both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Shuyun Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, P.R. China.
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15
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Doxorubicin resistant choriocarcinoma cell line derived spheroidal cells exhibit stem cell markers but reduced invasion. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:184. [PMID: 35875180 PMCID: PMC9300786 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle-specific cancer chemotherapy is based on the ability of a drug to halt, minimise or destroy rapidly dividing cells. However, their efficacy is limited by the emergence of a self-renewing cell pool called “cancer stem cells” (CSC). Choriocarcinoma is a tumour of trophoblastic tissue. We, in this study, analysed whether spheroids generated from doxorubicin-treated and non-treated choriocarcinoma cell lines exhibit markers of stem cells. Two choriocarcinoma cell lines, namely JEG-3 and BeWo, were used in this study. Spheroids were generated from doxorubicin-treated cells and the non-treated cells under non-adherent condition, followed by analysis of stem-cell markers’ expression, namely NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2. Immunofluorescence analysis suggested a general increase in the markers’ concentration in spheroids relative to the parental cells. RT-qPCR and immunoblots showed an increase in the stem-cell marker expression in spheroids generated from doxorubicin-treated when compared to non-treated cells. In spheroids, Sox2 was significantly upregulated in doxorubicin-treated spheroids, whereas Nanog and Oct4 were generally downregulated when compared to non-treated spheroids. Both 2D and 3D invasion assays showed that the spheroids treated with doxorubicin exhibited reduced invasion. Our data suggest that choriocarcinoma cell lines may have the potential to produce spheroidal cells, yet the drug-treatment affected the invasion potential of spheroids.
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16
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Bioinformatics Analysis of Hub Genes Involved in Alcohol-Related Hemifacial Microsomia Pathogenesis. J Craniofac Surg 2022; 33:e607-e612. [PMID: 36054897 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol is a recognized teratogen, and alcohol exposure increases the risk for hemifacial microsomia (HFM) of the fetus during maternal pregnancy. The present study aimed to explore potential mechanisms and verify hub genes of HFM associated with alcohol by bioinformatics methods. METHODS First, HFM and alcohol pathogenic genes were obtained. Thereafter, a protein-protein interactional (PPI) network was constructed. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses and molecular complex detection were performed by Metascape. Finally, we used the cytoHubba plugin to screen the hub genes. RESULTS A total of 43 HFM genes and 50 optimal alcohol candidate genes were selected. The PPI networks for pathogenic genes contained 93 nodes and 503 edges. Functional enrichment analysis largely focused on tissue formation and development. Two modules were identified from the PPI network, and 10 hub genes were screened out. The genes most relevant to alcohol-induced HFM pathogenesis included CTNNB1, TP53, MYC, HDAC1, and SOX2. CONCLUSIONS This study identified some significant hub genes, pathways, and modules of HFM related to alcohol by bioinformatics analyses. Our results suggest that the CTNNB1, TP53, MYC, HDAC1, and SOX B1 gene subfamilies may have played a major role in alcohol-induced HFM.
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17
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Shang Z, Yang L, Wang Z, Tian Y, Gao Y, Su Z, Guo R, Li W, Liu G, Li X, Yang Z, Li Z, Zhang Z. The transcription factor Zfp503 promotes the D1 MSN identity and represses the D2 MSN identity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:948331. [PMID: 36081908 PMCID: PMC9445169 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.948331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum is primarily composed of two types of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing either D1- or D2-type dopamine receptors. However, the fate determination of these two types of neurons is not fully understood. Here, we found that D1 MSNs undergo fate switching to D2 MSNs in the absence of Zfp503. Furthermore, scRNA-seq revealed that the transcription factor Zfp503 affects the differentiation of these progenitor cells in the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE). More importantly, we found that the transcription factors Sp8/9, which are required for the differentiation of D2 MSNs, are repressed by Zfp503. Finally, sustained Zfp503 expression in LGE progenitor cells promoted the D1 MSN identity and repressed the D2 MSN identity. Overall, our findings indicated that Zfp503 promotes the D1 MSN identity and represses the D2 MSN identity by regulating Sp8/9 expression during striatal MSN development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhenmeiyu Li
- *Correspondence: Zhenmeiyu Li, ; Zhuangzhi Zhang,
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18
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Yang Y, Laterza C, Stuart HT, Michielin F, Gagliano O, Urciuolo A, Elvassore N. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Micropatterned Ectoderm Allows Cell Sorting of Meso-Endoderm Lineages. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:907159. [PMID: 35935488 PMCID: PMC9354750 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.907159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The human developmental processes during the early post-implantation stage instruct the specification and organization of the lineage progenitors into a body plan. These processes, which include patterning, cell sorting, and establishment of the three germ layers, have been classically studied in non-human model organisms and only recently, through micropatterning technology, in a human-specific context. Micropatterning technology has unveiled mechanisms during patterning and germ layer specification; however, cell sorting and their segregation in specific germ layer combinations have not been investigated yet in a human-specific in vitro system. Here, we developed an in vitro model of human ectodermal patterning, in which human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) self-organize to form a radially regionalized neural and non-central nervous system (CNS) ectoderm. We showed that by using micropatterning technology and by modulating BMP and WNT signals, we can regulate the appearance and spatial distribution of the different ectodermal populations. This pre-patterned ectoderm can be used to investigate the cell sorting behavior of hPSC-derived meso-endoderm cells, with an endoderm that segregates from the neural ectoderm. Thus, the combination of micro-technology with germ layer cross-mixing enables the study of cell sorting of different germ layers in a human context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Fondazione Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata Onlus, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Cecilia Laterza
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Fondazione Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata Onlus, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Hannah T. Stuart
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Fondazione Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata Onlus, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Michielin
- Fondazione Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata Onlus, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Onelia Gagliano
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Fondazione Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata Onlus, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Urciuolo
- Fondazione Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata Onlus, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Elvassore
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Fondazione Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata Onlus, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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19
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Aubin RG, Troisi EC, Montelongo J, Alghalith AN, Nasrallah MP, Santi M, Camara PG. Pro-inflammatory cytokines mediate the epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transition of pediatric posterior fossa ependymoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3936. [PMID: 35803925 PMCID: PMC9270322 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31683-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric ependymoma is a devastating brain cancer marked by its relapsing pattern and lack of effective chemotherapies. This shortage of treatments is due to limited knowledge about ependymoma tumorigenic mechanisms. By means of single-nucleus chromatin accessibility and gene expression profiling of posterior fossa primary tumors and distal metastases, we reveal key transcription factors and enhancers associated with the differentiation of ependymoma tumor cells into tumor-derived cell lineages and their transition into a mesenchymal-like state. We identify NFκB, AP-1, and MYC as mediators of this transition, and show that the gene expression profiles of tumor cells and infiltrating microglia are consistent with abundant pro-inflammatory signaling between these populations. In line with these results, both TGF-β1 and TNF-α induce the expression of mesenchymal genes on a patient-derived cell model, and TGF-β1 leads to an invasive phenotype. Altogether, these data suggest that tumor gliosis induced by inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress underlies the mesenchymal phenotype of posterior fossa ependymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael G Aubin
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emma C Troisi
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Javier Montelongo
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Adam N Alghalith
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maclean P Nasrallah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mariarita Santi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Pablo G Camara
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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20
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Cellular Model of Malignant Transformation of Primary Human Astrocytes Induced by Deadhesion/Readhesion Cycles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094471. [PMID: 35562862 PMCID: PMC9103552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytoma is the most common and aggressive tumor of the central nervous system. Genetic and environmental factors, bacterial infection, and several other factors are known to be involved in gliomagenesis, although the complete underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Tumorigenesis is a multistep process involving initiation, promotion, and progression. We present a human model of malignant astrocyte transformation established by subjecting primary astrocytes from healthy adults to four sequential cycles of forced anchorage impediment (deadhesion). After limiting dilution of the surviving cells obtained after the fourth deadhesion/readhesion cycle, three clones were randomly selected, and exhibited malignant characteristics, including increased proliferation rate and capacity for colony formation, migration, and anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Functional assay results for these clonal cells, including response to temozolomide, were comparable to U87MG—a human glioblastoma-derived cell lineage—reinforcing malignant cell transformation. RNA-Seq analysis by next-generation sequencing of the transformed clones relative to the primary astrocytes revealed upregulation of genes involved in the PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, in addition to upregulation of genes related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and downregulation of genes related to aerobic respiration. These findings, at a molecular level, corroborate the change in cell behavior towards mesenchymal-like cell dedifferentiation. This linear progressive model of malignant human astrocyte transformation is unique in that neither genetic manipulation nor treatment with carcinogens are used, representing a promising tool for testing combined therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma patients, and furthering knowledge of astrocytoma transformation and progression.
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Pouremamali F, Vahedian V, Hassani N, Mirzaei S, Pouremamali A, Kazemzadeh H, Faridvand Y, Jafari-gharabaghlou D, Nouri M, Maroufi NF. The role of SOX family in cancer stem cell maintenance: With a focus on SOX2. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 231:153783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Zheng M, Zueva O, Hinman V. Regeneration of the larval sea star nervous system by wounding induced respecification to the sox2 lineage. eLife 2022; 11:72983. [PMID: 35029145 PMCID: PMC8809897 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to restore lost body parts following traumatic injury is a fascinating area of biology that challenges current understanding of the ontogeny of differentiation. The origin of new cells needed to regenerate lost tissue, and whether they are pluripotent or have de- or trans-differentiated, remains one of the most important open questions . Additionally, it is not known whether developmental gene regulatory networks are reused or whether regeneration specific networks are deployed. Echinoderms, including sea stars, have extensive ability for regeneration, however, the technologies for obtaining transgenic echinoderms are limited and tracking cells involved in regeneration, and thus identifying the cellular sources and potencies has proven challenging. In this study, we develop new transgenic tools to follow the fate of populations of cells in the regenerating larva of the sea star Patiria miniata. We show that the larval serotonergic nervous system can regenerate following decapitation. Using a BAC-transgenesis approach we show that expression of the pan ectodermal marker, sox2, is induced in previously sox2 minus cells , even when cell division is inhibited. sox2+ cells give rise to new sox4+ neural precursors that then proceed along an embryonic neurogenesis pathway to reform the anterior nervous systems. sox2+ cells contribute to only neural and ectoderm lineages, indicating that these progenitors maintain their normal, embryonic lineage restriction. This indicates that sea star larval regeneration uses a combination of existing lineage restricted stem cells, as well as respecification of cells into neural lineages, and at least partial reuse of developmental GRNs to regenerate their nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyan Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Olga Zueva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Veronica Hinman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States
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23
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Kazi T, Nagata A, Nakagawa T, Matsuzaki T, Inui S. Dermal Papilla Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Increase Hair Inductive Gene Expression in Adipose Stem Cells via β-Catenin Activation. Cells 2022; 11:202. [PMID: 35053317 PMCID: PMC8773911 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated cell differentiation has gained attention in developmental biology due to genetic exchange between donor cells and recipient cells via transfer of mRNA and miRNA. EVs, also known as exosomes, play a role in maintaining paracrine cell communication and can induce cell proliferation and differentiation. However, it remains unclear whether adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) can adopt dermal papilla (DP)-like properties with dermal papilla cell-derived extracellular vesicles (DPC-EVs). To understand the effect of DPC-EVs on cell differentiation, DPC-EVs were characterized and incubated with ASCs, of monolayer and spheroid cell cultures, in combination with the CAO1/2FP medium specialized for dermal papilla cells (DPCs). DPC-like properties in ASCs were initially evaluated by comparing several genes and proteins with those of DPCs via real-time PCR analysis and immunostaining, respectively. We also evaluated the presence of hair growth-related microRNAs (miRNAs), specifically mir-214-5P, mir-218-5p, and mir-195-5P. Here, we found that miRNA expression patterns varied in DPC-EVs from passage 4 (P4) or P5. In addition, DPC-EVs in combination with CAP1/2FP accelerated ASC proliferation at low concentrations and propagated hair inductive gene expression for versican (vcan), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-sma), osteopontin (opn), and N-Cam (ncam). Comparison between the expression of hair inductive genes (vcan, α-sma, ctnb, and others), the protein VCAN, α-SMA and β-Catenin (CTNB), and hair inductive miRNAs (mir-214-5P, mir-218-5p, and mir-195-5p) of DPC-EVs revealed similarities between P4 DPC-EVs-treated ASCs and DPCs. We concluded that early passage DPC-EVs, in combination with CAP1/2FP, enabled ASCs to transdifferentiate into DPC-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taheruzzaman Kazi
- Department of Regenerative Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.N.); (T.N.); (S.I.)
| | - Abir Nagata
- Department of Regenerative Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.N.); (T.N.); (S.I.)
| | - Takatoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Regenerative Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.N.); (T.N.); (S.I.)
| | - Takashi Matsuzaki
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Life and Environment Science, Shimane University, Shimane 690-0823, Japan
| | - Shigeki Inui
- Department of Regenerative Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.N.); (T.N.); (S.I.)
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24
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Chen W, Chen X, Zhang X, Chen C, Dan S, Hu J, Kang B, Wang YJ. DNA repair proteins cooperate with SOX2 in regulating the transition of human embryonic stem cells to neural progenitor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 586:163-170. [PMID: 34852960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
SOX2, a well-established pluripotency factor supporting the self-renewal of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), is also a crucial factor for maintaining the properties and functionalities of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). It regulates the transcription of target genes by forming complexes with its partner factors, but systematic comparison of SOX2 binding partners in human PSCs versus NPCs is lacking. Here, by deciphering and comparing the SOX2-protein interactomes in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) versus the NPCs derived from them, we identified 23 proteins with high reproducibility that are most differentially associated with SOX2, of which 9 are DNA repair proteins (PARP1, PARP2, PRKDC, XRCC1, XRCC5, XRCC6, RPA1, LIG3, DDB1). Genetic knocking-down or pharmacological inhibiting two of the DNA repair proteins (PARP1 and PRKDC) significantly up-regulated certain NPC or ectodermal biomarkers that are transcriptionally-suppressed by the SOX2/DNA repair protein complexes. These findings point to a crucial role of DNA repair proteins in pluripotent state transition and neural induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Songsong Dan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Jianwen Hu
- Shanghai Bioprofile Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bo Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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25
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Tencerova M, Lundby L, Buntzen S, Norderval S, Hougaard HT, Pedersen BG, Kassem M. Molecular differences of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells between non-responders and responders in treatment of transphincteric perianal fistulas. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:586. [PMID: 34819138 PMCID: PMC8611942 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Injection of autologous adipose tissue (AT) has recently been demonstrated to be an effective and safe treatment for anal fistulas. AT mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) mediate the healing process, but the relationship between molecular characteristics of AT-MSCs of the injected AT and fistula healing has not been adequately studied. Thus we aimed to characterize the molecular and functional properties of AT-MSCs isolated from autologous AT injected as a treatment of cryptogenic high transsphincteric perianal fistulas and correlate these findings to the healing process.
Methods 27 patients (age 45 ± 2 years) diagnosed with perianal fistula were enrolled in the study and treated with autologous AT injected around the anal fistula tract. AT-MSCs were isolated for cellular and molecular analyses. The fistula healing was evaluated by MRI scanning after 6 months of treatment. AT-MSC phenotype was compared between responders and non-responders with respect to fistula healing. Results 52% of all patients exhibited clinical healing of the fistulas as evaluated 6 months after last injection. Cultured AT-MSCs in the responder group had a lower short-term proliferation rate and higher osteoblast differentiation potential compared to non-responder AT-MSCs. On the other hand, adipocyte differentiation potential of AT-MSCs was higher in non-responder group. Interestingly, AT-MSCs of responders exhibited lower expression of inflammatory and senescence associated genes such as IL1B, NFKB, CDKN2A, TPB3,TGFB1. Conclusion Our data suggest that cellular quality of the injected AT-MSCs including cell proliferation, differentiation capacity and secretion of proinflammatory molecules may provide a possible mechanism underlying fistula healing. Furthermore, these biomarkers may be useful to predict a positive fistula healing outcome. Trial registration: NTC04834609, Registered 6 April 2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04834609 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02644-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Tencerova
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. .,Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Lilli Lundby
- Department of Surgery, Pelvic Floor Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Århus, Denmark
| | - Steen Buntzen
- Department of Surgery, Pelvic Floor Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Århus, Denmark.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsoe, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsö, Norway
| | - Stig Norderval
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsoe, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsö, Norway
| | - Helene Tarri Hougaard
- Department of Surgery, Pelvic Floor Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Århus, Denmark
| | | | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Sui Y, Hu W, Zhang W, Li D, Zhu H, You Q, Zhu R, Yi Q, Tang T, Gao L, Zhu S, Yang T. Insights into homeobox B9: a propeller for metastasis in dormant prostate cancer progenitor cells. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1003-1015. [PMID: 34247196 PMCID: PMC8476533 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the major cause of treatment failure and cancer-related deaths in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Our previous study demonstrated that a CD44+ subpopulation isolated from PCa cells or tumours possesses both stem cell properties and metastatic potential, serving as metastatic prostate cancer stem cells (mPCSCs) in PCa metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS In this study, we established PCa models via the orthotopic and subcutaneous implantation of different human PCa cancer cell lines, and compared the metastatic efficacy, after which process function analysis of target genes was pinpointed. RESULTS Several novel differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between orthotopic and ectopic tumours were identified. Among them, human homeobox B9 (HOXB9) transcription factor was found to be essential for PCa metastasis, as evidenced by the diminished number of lung metastatic foci derived from orthotopic implantation with HOXB9-deficient CWR22 cells, compared with the control. In addition, HOXB9 protein expression was upregulated in PCa tissues, compared with paracancer and benign prostate hyperplasia tissues. It was also positively correlated with Gleason scores. Gain- and loss-of-function assays showed that HOXB9 altered the expression of various tumour metastasis- and cancer stem cell (CSC) growth-related genes in a transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-dependent manner. Moreover, HOXB9 was overexpressed in an ALDH+CD44+CXCR4+CD24+ subpopulation of PCa cells that exhibited enhanced TGFβ-dependent tumorigenic and metastatic abilities, compared with other isogenic PCa cells. This suggests that HOXB9 may contribute to PCa tumorigenesis and metastasis via TGFβ signalling. Of note, ALDH+CD44+CXCR4+CD24+-PCa cells exhibited resistance to castration and antiandrogen therapy and were present in human PCa tissues. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study identified HOXB9 as a critical regulator of metastatic mPCSC behaviour. This occurs through altering the expression of a panel of CSC growth- and invasion/metastasis-related genes via TGFβ signalling. Thus, targeting HOXB9 is a potential novel therapeutic PCa treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sui
- grid.412615.5Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Hu
- grid.477929.6Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- grid.488206.00000 0004 4912 1751Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dejian Li
- grid.477929.6Department of Othopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- grid.477929.6Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua You
- grid.477929.6Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Rujian Zhu
- grid.477929.6Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingtong Yi
- grid.477929.6Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Tang
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lili Gao
- grid.477929.6Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjuan Zhu
- grid.477929.6Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yang
- grid.477929.6Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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27
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Sharif SB, Zamani N, Chadwick BP. BAZ1B the Protean Protein. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101541. [PMID: 34680936 PMCID: PMC8536118 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain adjacent to the zinc finger domain 1B (BAZ1B) or Williams syndrome transcription factor (WSTF) are just two of the names referring the same protein that is encoded by the WBSCR9 gene and is among the 26-28 genes that are lost from one copy of 7q11.23 in Williams syndrome (WS: OMIM 194050). Patients afflicted by this contiguous gene deletion disorder present with a range of symptoms including cardiovascular complications, developmental defects as well as a characteristic cognitive and behavioral profile. Studies in patients with atypical deletions and mouse models support BAZ1B hemizygosity as a contributing factor to some of the phenotypes. Focused analysis on BAZ1B has revealed this to be a versatile nuclear protein with a central role in chromatin remodeling through two distinct complexes as well as being involved in the replication and repair of DNA, transcriptional processes involving RNA Polymerases I, II, and III as well as possessing kinase activity. Here, we provide a comprehensive review to summarize the many aspects of BAZ1B function including its recent link to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Behrouz Sharif
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Nina Zamani
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Brian P. Chadwick
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
- Correspondence:
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28
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Zamzam Y, Abdelmonem Zamzam Y, Aboalsoud M, Harras H. The Utility of SOX2 and AGR2 Biomarkers as Early Predictors of Tamoxifen Resistance in ER-Positive Breast Cancer Patients. Int J Surg Oncol 2021; 2021:9947540. [PMID: 34567804 PMCID: PMC8460385 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9947540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the undeniable benefit of tamoxifen therapy for ER-positive breast cancer patients, approximately one-third of those patients either do not respond to tamoxifen or develop resistance. Thus, it is a crucial step to identify novel, reliable, and easily detectable biomarkers indicating resistance to this drug. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work is to explore SOX2 and AGR2 biomarker expression in the tumor tissue of ER-positive breast cancer patients in combination with the evaluation of serum AGR2 level of these patients in order to validate these biomarkers as early predictors of tamoxifen resistance. METHODS This study was conducted on 224 ER-positive breast cancer patients. All patients were primarily subjected to serum AGR2 levelling by ELISA and their breast cancer tissue immunostained for SOX2 and AGR2. After 5 years of follow-up, the patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 was tamoxifen sensitive and groups 2 and 3 were tamoxifen resistant. Time to failure of tamoxifen treatment was considered the time from the beginning of tamoxifen therapy to the time of discovery of breast cancer recurrence or metastases (in months). RESULTS SOX2 and AGR2 biomarkers expression and serum AGR2 level were significantly higher in groups 2 and 3 in comparison to group 1, while the relationship between Her2 neu expression and Ki67 index in the 3 different groups was statistically nonsignificant. Lower SOX2 and AGR2 expression and low AGR2 serum levels in the studied patients of groups 2 and 3 were significantly associated with longer time-to-failure of tamoxifen treatment. According to the ROC curve, the combined use of studied markers validity was with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 96%, PPV 96%, and NPV 100% (p < 0.001; AUC: 0.984). CONCLUSIONS Integrated use of SOX2 and AGR2 biomarkers with serum AGR2 assay holds a promising hope for their future use as predictive markers for early detection of tamoxifen resistance in ER-positive breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna Zamzam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa Aboalsoud
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Heba Harras
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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29
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Goszczynski DE, Tinetti PS, Choi YH, Hinrichs K, Ross PJ. Genome activation in equine in vitro-produced embryos. Biol Reprod 2021; 106:66-82. [PMID: 34515744 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic genome activation is a critical event in embryo development, in which the transcriptional program of the embryo is initiated. The timing and regulation of this process are species-specific. In vitro embryo production is becoming an important clinical and research tool in the horse; however, very little is known about genome activation in this species. The objective of this work was to identify the timing of genome activation, and the transcriptional networks involved, in in vitro-produced horse embryos. RNA-Seq was performed on oocytes and embryos at eight stages of development (MII, zygote, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, 16-cell, morula, blastocyst; n = 6 per stage, 2 from each of 3 mares). Transcription of seven genes was initiated at the 2-cell stage. The first substantial increase in gene expression occurred at the 4-cell stage (minor activation), followed by massive gene upregulation and downregulation at the 8-cell stage (major activation). An increase in intronic nucleotides, indicative of transcription initiation, was also observed at the 4-cell stage. Co-expression network analyses identified groups of genes that appeared to be regulated by common mechanisms. Investigation of hub genes and binding motifs enriched in the promoters of co-expressed genes implicated several transcription factors. This work represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first genomic evaluation of embryonic genome activation in horse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Goszczynski
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - P S Tinetti
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Y H Choi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - K Hinrichs
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - P J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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30
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Abdou AG, Mostafa AF, Gafar S, Farag AGA. Immunohistochemical expression of SOX2 in non-melanoma skin cancer. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:2623-2628. [PMID: 34496119 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most common non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). SOX2 is a transcription factor that acts on various phases of embryonic development and its overexpression in many tumors has been reported. AIM This work aimed to evaluate the possible role of SOX2 in pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancer through its immunohistochemical assessment in BCC and SCC compared to normal skin and correlating its expression with the established prognostic factors. METHODS The investigated cases were 24 BCC, 21 SCC, and 26 normal skin specimens. RESULTS SOX2 was not expressed in normal skin, but it was upregulated in SCC (85.7%) and BCC (66.7%), with a significant difference between malignant cases and normal skin (p < 0.001). However, SOX2 expression did not differ between SCC and BCC. SOX2 expression was associated with large-sized tumors in all malignant cases (BCC plus SCC) (p = 0.02) and in SCC (p = 0.043) alone together with its liability to be expressed in advanced stage in SCC (p = 0.063). CONCLUSIONS SOX2 was over-expressed in cutaneous SCC and BCC without a significant difference. SOX2 may enhance progression of NMSC manifested by its association with large tumor size and advanced stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Gaber Abdou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Amal Farid Mostafa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Samar Gafar
- Department of Dermatology, Andology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Azza Gaber Antar Farag
- Department of Dermatology, Andology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
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31
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Liu C, Zhou J, Li Y, Lu Y, Lu H, Wei W, Wu M, Yi X. Urine-based regenerative RNA biomarkers for urinary bladder wound healing. Regen Med 2021; 16:709-718. [PMID: 34334016 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the expression of regeneration-related genes in canine urine during bladder repair. Materials & methods: Canine urine samples were collected after partial cystectomy. Regenerative mRNA of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), key stem cell transcription factors and cholinergic signals were detected. Results: HIF-1α, VEGF, CD44, IL-6 and prominin-1 expression in canine urine after partial cystectomy exhibited two similar peaks at ∼2 weeks. HIF-1α and VEGF expression were higher in the afternoon than the morning. The expression of key stem cell transcription factors and cholinergic signals also exhibited a rhythm along with bladder healing. Conclusions: The expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, key stem cell transcription factors and cholinergic signals exhibited a time curve distribution during canine bladder healing. The expression trend of some regenerative genes was similar during bladder healing, and a cooperative effect may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanzhen Liu
- GuangxiMedical University Cancer Hospital & Guangxi Cancer Research Institute, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Juan Zhou
- GuangxiMedical University Cancer Hospital & Guangxi Cancer Research Institute, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - You Li
- Life Science Institute of East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Yulei Lu
- GuangxiMedical University Cancer Hospital & Guangxi Cancer Research Institute, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Haoyuan Lu
- GuangxiMedical University Cancer Hospital & Guangxi Cancer Research Institute, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- GuangxiMedical University Cancer Hospital & Guangxi Cancer Research Institute, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Mingsong Wu
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, PR China.,Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Higher Education Institution of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Xianlin Yi
- GuangxiMedical University Cancer Hospital & Guangxi Cancer Research Institute, Nanning, 530021, PR China
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Xiao YT, Qu JY, Xie HT, Zhang MC, Zhao XY. A Comparison of Methods for Isolation of Limbal Niche Cells: Maintenance of Limbal Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:16. [PMID: 33320169 PMCID: PMC7745628 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.14.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Limbal niche cells (LNCs) play a vital role in the maintenance of limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LESCs). Four methods have been reported to isolate and expand LNCs: digestion by collagenase alone (C-LNC), collagenase following dispase removal of the limbal epithelium (DC-LNC), dissection of dispase-isolated limbal epithelial sheets (D-LNC), and explant cultures of limbal stromal tissues (Ex-LNC). This study aimed to isolate LNCs using those four methods and to compare their capacity to maintain LESCs. Methods LNCs were isolated from the rat corneal limbus by the following methods: C-LNC, DC-LNC, D-LNC, and Ex-LNC. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze the expression of embryonic stem cell (ESC) markers. The ability to maintain LESCs was assessed on the basis of colony-forming capacity and the expression of progenitor, proliferation, and differentiation markers in three-dimensional (3D) Matrigel and Transwell systems. Notch signaling of LESCs supported by different LNCs in Transwell inserts was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Results DC-LNCs exhibited lower expression of CK12 during isolation and expansion. Among P4-expanded LNCs, DC-LNCs expressed significantly higher levels of Sox2, Oct4, Nanog, and N-cadherin than C-LNCs, D-LNCs, and Ex-LNCs. Compared with other LNCs, DC-LNCs were more effective in maintaining LESCs with higher holoclone-forming efficiency, greater expression of ΔNp63α and Ki67, and lower expression of CK12. DC-LNCs were also more capable of downregulating Notch signaling of LESCs. Conclusions DC-LNCs were more effective in expressing ESC markers and maintaining LESCs compared to other LNCs. This study identifies an optimal method for the isolation of LNCs in tissue engineering and ocular surface reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yu Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Tao Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Chang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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Capone A, Naro C, Bianco M, De Bardi M, Noël F, Macchi P, Battistini L, Soumelis V, Volpe E, Sette C. Systems analysis of human T helper17 cell differentiation uncovers distinct time-regulated transcriptional modules. iScience 2021; 24:102492. [PMID: 34036250 PMCID: PMC8138776 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th) 17 cells protect from infections and are pathogenic in autoimmunity. While human Th17 cell differentiation has been defined, the global and stepwise transcriptional changes accompanying this process remain uncharacterized. Herein, by performing transcriptome analysis of human Th17 cells, we uncovered three time-regulated modules: early, involving exclusively “signaling pathways” genes; late, characterized by response to infections; and persistent, involving effector immune functions. To assign them an inflammatory or regulatory potential, we compared Th17 cells differentiated in presence or absence of interleukin (IL)-1β, respectively. Most inflammatory genes belong to the persistent module, whereas regulatory genes are lately or persistently induced. Among inflammatory genes, we identified the effector molecules IL17A, IL17F, IL26, IL6, interferon (IFN)G, IFNK, LTA, IL1A, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A and the transcriptional regulators homeodomain-only protein homeobox (HOPX) and sex-determining-region-Y-box (SOX)2, whose expression was independently validated. This study provides an integrative representation of the stepwise human Th17 differentiation program and offers new perspectives toward therapeutic targeting of Th17-related autoimmune diseases. Human Th17 cells are driven by early, late, and persistent transcriptional modules. Human Th17 cells express IL17A, IL17F, IL26, IL6, IFNG, IFNK, LTA, IL1A, and PDGFA. RORC regulates the IL17A, IL17F, IFNG, PDGFA, and IL1A expression in human Th17 cells. HOPX and SOX2 contribute to the expression of IFNG by human Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Capone
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Naro
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Bianco
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Bardi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Floriane Noël
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, AP-HP, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
- HIPI Unit, Inserm U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Macchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Vassili Soumelis
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, AP-HP, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
- HIPI Unit, Inserm U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Elisabetta Volpe
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Corresponding author
| | - Claudio Sette
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Neuroembriology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Corresponding author
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Daich Varela M, Hufnagel RB, Guan B, Blain D, Sapp JC, Gropman AL, Alur R, Johnston JJ, Biesecker LG, Brooks BP. Clinical diagnosis of presumed SOX2 gonadosomatic mosaicism. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:320-325. [PMID: 33719903 PMCID: PMC8154737 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1888127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To describe a family with presumed SOX2 gonadosomatic mosaicism diagnosed upon ophthalmic examination of the proband’s mother. Methods: The family underwent comprehensive ophthalmic and physical examination. Variant detection was performed using trio exome analysis on peripheral leukocyte DNA from blood and saliva samples. Variant segregation analysis was performed using a custom panel NGS sequencing. An identified variant in the SOX2 gene was confirmed in the proband by Sanger sequencing. Results: We report an individual with bilateral microphthalmia, developmental delay, hearing loss, and dysmorphic features. Her mother was found to have asymptomatic forme fruste uveal coloboma affecting her anterior segment. Her father, aunt, and sisters were unaffected. Trio exome sequence analysis showed an apparent de novo heterozygous deletion in the proband, NM_003106.3:c.70_89del, NP_003097.1:p. (Asn24Argfs*65), classified as pathogenic. Testing of the other family members’ peripheral blood and saliva was negative for this variant. The iris transillumination abnormalities in the proband’s mother supports a gonadosomatic mosaicism scenario. Conclusions: The results from this family underscore the importance of performing detailed evaluations of the parents of apparently sporadically affected individuals with heritable ophthalmic disorders. The identification of mildly affected individuals could substantially alter recurrence risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Daich Varela
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert B Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bin Guan
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Delphine Blain
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie C Sapp
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea L Gropman
- Division of Neurogenetics and Developmental Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Alur
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer J Johnston
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leslie G Biesecker
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Foglio B, Rossini L, Garbelli R, Regondi MC, Mercurio S, Bertacchi M, Avagliano L, Bulfamante G, Coras R, Maiorana A, Nicolis S, Studer M, Frassoni C. Dynamic expression of NR2F1 and SOX2 in developing and adult human cortex: comparison with cortical malformations. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1303-1322. [PMID: 33661352 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neocortex, the most recently evolved brain region in mammals, is characterized by its unique areal and laminar organization. Distinct cortical layers and areas can be identified by the presence of graded expression of transcription factors and molecular determinants defining neuronal identity. However, little is known about the expression of key master genes orchestrating human cortical development. In this study, we explored the expression dynamics of NR2F1 and SOX2, key cortical genes whose mutations in human patients cause severe neurodevelopmental syndromes. We focused on physiological conditions, spanning from mid-late gestational ages to adulthood in unaffected specimens, but also investigated gene expression in a pathological context, a developmental cortical malformation termed focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). We found that NR2F1 follows an antero-dorsallow to postero-ventralhigh gradient as in the murine cortex, suggesting high evolutionary conservation. While SOX2 is mainly expressed in neural progenitors next to the ventricular surface, NR2F1 is found in both mitotic progenitors and post-mitotic neurons at GW18. Interestingly, both proteins are highly co-expressed in basal radial glia progenitors of the outer sub-ventricular zone (OSVZ), a proliferative region known to contribute to cortical expansion and complexity in humans. Later on, SOX2 becomes largely restricted to astrocytes and oligodendrocytes although it is also detected in scattered mature interneurons. Differently, NR2F1 maintains its distinct neuronal expression during the whole process of cortical development. Notably, we report here high levels of NR2F1 in dysmorphic neurons and NR2F1 and SOX2 in balloon cells of surgical samples from patients with FCD, suggesting their potential use in the histopathological characterization of this dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Foglio
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Unit, C/O AmadeoLab, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Rossini
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Unit, C/O AmadeoLab, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Garbelli
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Unit, C/O AmadeoLab, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Regondi
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Unit, C/O AmadeoLab, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Mercurio
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Bertacchi
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Unit, C/O AmadeoLab, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Laura Avagliano
- Departement of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Bulfamante
- Departement of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roland Coras
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Nicolis
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carolina Frassoni
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Unit, C/O AmadeoLab, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Jiang T, Hu S, Dai S, Yi Y, Wang T, Li X, Luo M, Li K, Chen L, Wang H, Xu D. Programming changes of hippocampal miR-134-5p/SOX2 signal mediate the susceptibility to depression in prenatal dexamethasone-exposed female offspring. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:69-86. [PMID: 33619658 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder and has intrauterine developmental origins. This study aimed to confirm the depression susceptibility in offspring rats induced by prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) and to further explore the intrauterine programming mechanism. Wistar rats were injected with dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg·d) subcutaneously during the gestational days 9-20 and part of the offspring was given chronic stress at postnatal weeks 10-12. Behavioral results showed that the adult PDE female offspring was susceptible to depression, accompanied by increased hippocampal miR-134-5p expression and decreased sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) expression, as well as disorders of neural progenitor cells proliferation and hippocampal neurogenesis. The PDE female fetal rats presented consistent changes with the adult offspring, accompanied by the upregulation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression and decreased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression. We further found that the H3K9ac level of the miR-134-5p promoter was significantly increased in the PDE fetal hippocampus, as well as in adult offspring before and after chronic stress. In vitro, the changes of GR/SIRT1/miR-134-5p/SOX2 signal by dexamethasone were consistent with in vivo experiments, which could be reversed by GR receptor antagonist, SIRT1 agonist, and miR-134-5p inhibitor. This study confirmed that PDE led to an increased expression level as well as H3K9ac level of miR-134-5p by activating the GR/SIRT1 pathway in the fetal hippocampus and then inhibited the SOX2 expression. The programming effect mediated by the abnormal epigenetic modification could last from intrauterine to adulthood, which constitutes the intrauterine programming mechanism leading to hippocampal neurogenesis disorders and depression susceptibility in female offspring. Intrauterine programming mechanism for the increased depressive susceptibility in adult female offspring by prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE). GR, glucocorticoid receptor; SIRT1, sirtuin 1; SOX2, sex-determining region Y-box 2; NPCs, neuroprogenitor cells; H3K9ac, histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation; GRE, glucocorticoid response element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shuwei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shiyun Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yiwen Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xufeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Mingcui Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ke Li
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Wang X, Ge X, Wang H, Huang J, Song Q, Xu C, Jiang Z, Su J, Wang H, Tan L, Jiang D, Hou Y. SOX2 amplification and chromosome 3 gain significantly impact prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:321. [PMID: 33708948 PMCID: PMC7944334 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background We aimed to investigate the prevalence and prognostic role of Sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) amplification and expression in surgically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods We evaluated 450 ESCC samples using fluorescence in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for SOX2 gene amplification and protein expression, respectively. The relationships of gene status with various clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival were statistically analyzed. Results SOX2 amplifications and chromosome 3 gain were observed in 4.4% and 12.9% of patients with ESCC. SOX2 amplification was associated with later clinical stage, and chromosome 3 gain was associated with earlier clinical stage (P=0.025). Low and high SOX2 expression were found in 28.9% and 24.7% of cases, respectively. SOX2 expression was significantly associated with gene copy number variation (P=0.007). SOX2 amplification was associated with a significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS). However, chromosome 3 gain was associated with a significantly longer DFS or OS (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model indicated that SOX2 amplification was an independently poorer prognostic factor (DFS, P<0.001, HR 2.638, 95% CI, 1.581–4.403; OS, P<0.001, HR 2.608, 95% CI, 1.562–4.355), along with pathology tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) stage, whereas chromosome 3 gain was an independently better prognostic factor (DFS, P=0.003, HR 0.486, 95% CI, 0.300–0.789; OS, P=0.003, HR 0.474, 95% CI, 0.289–0.779) for ESCC. Conclusions This is the first study wherein SOX2 amplification and chromosome 3 gain in a large cohort of ESCC were evaluated. SOX2 amplification is an independently poorer prognostic factor, whereas chromosome 3 gain is an independently favorable prognostic factor. Our results suggest that SOX2 amplification and chromosome 3 gain are potential biomarkers related to tumor progression and risk stratification in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Ge
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Song
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengzeng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieakesu Su
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxian Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Horiuchi M, Taguchi K, Hirose W, Tsuchida K, Suzuki M, Taniyama Y, Kamei T, Yamamoto M. Cellular Nrf2 Levels Determine Cell Fate during Chemical Carcinogenesis in Esophageal Epithelium. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:e00536-20. [PMID: 33257504 PMCID: PMC8093497 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00536-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 is essential for cytoprotection against carcinogens, and through systemic Nrf2 knockout mice, Nrf2-deficient cells were shown to be susceptible to chemical carcinogens and prone to developing cancers. However, the oncogenic potential of Nrf2-deficient epithelial cells surrounded by normal cells in the esophagus could not be assessed by previous models, and the fate of Nrf2-deficient cells in such situations remains elusive. In this study, therefore, we generated mice that harbor almost equal levels of cells with Nrf2 deleted and those with Nrf2 intact in the basal layer of the esophageal epithelium, utilizing inducible Cre-mediated recombination of Nrf2 alleles in adults through moderate use of tamoxifen. In this mouse model, epithelial cells with Nrf2 deleted were maintained with no obvious decrease or phenotypic changes for 12 weeks under unstressed conditions. Upon exposure to the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), the cells with Nrf2 deleted accumulated DNA damage and selectively disappeared from the epithelium, so almost all 4NQO-induced tumors originated from cells with Nrf2 intact and not from those with Nrf2 deleted. We propose that cells with Nrf2 deleted do not undergo carcinogenesis due to selective elimination upon exposure to 4NQO, indicating that cellular Nrf2 abundance and the epithelial environment determine the cell fate or oncogenic potential of esophageal epithelial cells in 4NQO-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Horiuchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Taguchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wataru Hirose
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsuchida
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikiko Suzuki
- Center for Radioisotope Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yusuke Taniyama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Zhang
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- The Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- The Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
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Liu H, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Aldo P, Ding J, Mor G, Liao A. Establishment and characterization of a new human first trimester Trophoblast cell line, AL07. Placenta 2020; 100:122-132. [PMID: 32927240 PMCID: PMC8237240 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The limited cell number of primary trophoblasts and contamination of trophoblast cell lines promote us to develop a novel stable trophoblast cell line. METHOD OF STUDY Primary trophoblast cells were isolated from first-trimester placenta and telomerase-induced immortalization was used to immortalize these cells. Subsets of cells were then evaluated by flow cytometry using CK7, HLA-G, CD45 and CD14, specific markers for trophoblast cells, extra-villous trophoblast, pan leucocyte and monocyte/macrophage, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining and immunocytochemistry were used to detect CK7 expression in trophoblast cells. The level of secreted human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) was measured by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). The Bio-Plex MAGPIX System was used to analyze the cytokines and chemokines produced by AL07 cell line. RESULTS We were able to isolate primary trophoblast cells from several first-trimester placentas. One clone, AL07 trophoblast cells, isolated from a week 7 placenta, was morphologically stable and positive for the expression of CK7 by immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry staining. Characterization of AL07 cells reveled that they are CD45 or CD14 negative and had constitutive secretion of hCG and low HLA-G expression. Furthermore, clone AL07 secret high levels of several cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF, and moderately secreted MCP-1 IP-10 and RANTES. DISCUSSION We report the successful isolation, immortalization and characterization of AL07 cells, a novel cell clone isolated from first trimester human placenta. The clone is free of contamination of immune cells, and exhibits similar cytokine profile as other trophoblast cell lines. This new cytotrophoblast-like AL07 cell, can be a valuable tool for in-vitro trophoblast studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liling Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Paulomi Aldo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiahui Ding
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gil Mor
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Aihua Liao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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41
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SOX2 and squamous cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:154-167. [PMID: 32905832 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SOX2 is a pleiotropic nuclear transcription factor with major roles in stem cell biology and in development. Over the last 10 years SOX2 has also been implicated as a lineage-specific oncogene, notably in squamous carcinomas but also neurological tumours, particularly glioblastoma. Squamous carcinomas (SQCs) comprise a common group of malignancies for which there are no targeted therapeutic interventions. In this article we review the molecular epidemiological and laboratory evidence linking SOX2 with squamous carcinogenesis, explore in detail the multifaceted impact of SOX2 in SQC, describe areas of uncertainty and highlight areas for potential future research.
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Li Z, Chen S, Ma K, He R, Xiong L, Hu Y, Deng X, Yang A, Ma X, Shao Z. Comparison of different methods for the isolation and purification of rat nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Connect Tissue Res 2020; 61:426-434. [PMID: 31203667 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1611793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs) have been identified and have shown good prospects for the repair of degenerative intervertebral discs. However, there is no consensus about the methods for the isolation and purification of NPMSCs. Therefore, a reliable and efficient isolation and purification method is potentially needed. We aimed to compare different methods and to identify an optimal method for isolating and purifying NPMSCs. METHODS NPMSCs were isolated and purified using two common methods (a low-density culture (LD) method and a mesenchymal stem cell complete medium culture (MSC-CM) method) and two novel methods (a cloning cylinder (CC) method and a combination of the CC and MSC-CM methods (MSC-CM+CC)). The morphology, MSC-specific surface markers (CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD34 and HLA-DR), multiple-lineage differentiation potential, colony formation ability, and stemness gene (Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2) expression were evaluated and compared. RESULTS NPMSCs isolated from nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues via the four methods met the criteria stated by the International Society of Cell Therapy (ISCT) for MSCs, including adherent growth ability, MSC-specific surface antigen expression, and multi-lineage differentiation potential. In particular, the MSC-CM+CC method yielded a relatively higher quality of NPMSCs in terms of cell surface markers, multiple-lineage differentiation potential, colony formation ability, and stemness gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that NPMSCs can be obtained via all four methods and that the MSC-CM+CC method is more reliable and efficient than the other three methods. The findings from this study provide an alternative option for isolating and purifying NPMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Kaige Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Ruijun He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqiang Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyu Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Aoxue Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
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43
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Meisel CT, Pagella P, Porcheri C, Mitsiadis TA. Three-Dimensional Imaging and Gene Expression Analysis Upon Enzymatic Isolation of the Tongue Epithelium. Front Physiol 2020; 11:825. [PMID: 32848819 PMCID: PMC7396520 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tongue is a complex organ involved in a variety of functions such as mastication, speech, and taste sensory function. Enzymatic digestion techniques have been developed to allow the dissociation of the epithelium from the connective tissue of the tongue. However, it is not clear if the integrity and three-dimensional architecture of the isolated epithelium is preserved, and, furthermore if this tissue separation technique excludes its contamination from the mesenchymal tissue. Here, we first describe in detail the methodology of tongue epithelium isolation, and thereafter we analyzed the multicellular compartmentalization of the epithelium by three-dimensional fluorescent imaging and quantitative real-time PCR. Molecular characterization at both protein and transcript levels confirmed the exclusive expression of epithelial markers in the isolated epithelial compartment of the tongue. Confocal imaging analysis revealed that the integrity of the epithelium was not affected, even in the basal layer, where areas of active cell proliferations were detected. Therefore, the preservation of both the architecture and the molecular signature of the tongue epithelium upon enzymatic tissue separation enable further cellular, molecular and imaging studies on the physiology, pathology, and regeneration of the tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T Meisel
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Centre for Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Centre for Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Porcheri
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Centre for Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Centre for Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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44
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SOX2 and p53 Expression Control Converges in PI3K/AKT Signaling with Versatile Implications for Stemness and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144902. [PMID: 32664542 PMCID: PMC7402325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stemness and reprogramming involve transcriptional master regulators that suppress cell differentiation while promoting self-renewal. A distinguished example thereof is SOX2, a high mobility group (HMG)-box transcription factor (TF), whose subcellular localization and turnover regulation in embryonic, induced-pluripotent, and cancer stem cells (ESCs, iPSCs, and CSCs, respectively) is mediated by the PI3K/AKT/SOX2 axis, a stem cell-specific branch of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Further effector functions associated with PI3K/AKT induction include cell cycle progression, cellular (mass) growth, and the suppression of apoptosis. Apoptosis, however, is a central element of DNA damage response (DDR), where it provides a default mechanism for cell clearance when DNA integrity cannot be maintained. A key player in DDR is tumor suppressor p53, which accumulates upon DNA-damage and is counter-balanced by PI3K/AKT enforced turnover. Accordingly, stemness sustaining SOX2 expression and p53-dependent DDR mechanisms show molecular–functional overlap in PI3K/AKT signaling. This constellation proves challenging for stem cells whose genomic integrity is a functional imperative for normative ontogenesis. Unresolved mutations in stem and early progenitor cells may in fact provoke transformation and cancer development. Such mechanisms are also particularly relevant for iPSCs, where genetic changes imposed through somatic cell reprogramming may promote DNA damage. The current review aims to summarize the latest advances in the understanding of PI3K/AKT/SOX2-driven stemness and its intertwined relations to p53-signaling in DDR under conditions of pluripotency, reprogramming, and transformation.
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45
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Holmes ZE, Hamilton DJ, Hwang T, Parsonnet NV, Rinn JL, Wuttke DS, Batey RT. The Sox2 transcription factor binds RNA. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1805. [PMID: 32286318 PMCID: PMC7156710 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain transcription factors are proposed to form functional interactions with RNA to facilitate proper regulation of gene expression. Sox2, a transcription factor critical for maintenance of pluripotency and neurogenesis, has been found associated with several lncRNAs, although it is unknown whether these interactions are direct or via other proteins. Here we demonstrate that human Sox2 interacts directly with one of these lncRNAs with high affinity through its HMG DNA-binding domain in vitro. These interactions are primarily with double-stranded RNA in a non-sequence specific fashion, mediated by a similar but not identical interaction surface. We further determined that Sox2 directly binds RNA in mouse embryonic stem cells by UV-cross-linked immunoprecipitation of Sox2 and more than a thousand Sox2-RNA interactions in vivo were identified using fRIP-seq. Together, these data reveal that Sox2 employs a high-affinity/low-specificity paradigm for RNA binding in vitro and in vivo. Some transcription factors have been proposed to functionally interact with RNA to facilitate proper regulation of gene expression. Here the authors demonstrate that human Sox2 interact directly and with high affinity to RNAs through its HMG DNA-binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah E Holmes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Campus Box 596, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Desmond J Hamilton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Campus Box 596, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Taeyoung Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Campus Box 596, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Nicholas V Parsonnet
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Campus Box 596, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - John L Rinn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Campus Box 596, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.,BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Campus Box 596, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Deborah S Wuttke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Campus Box 596, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Robert T Batey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Campus Box 596, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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Cuyàs E, Gumuzio J, Verdura S, Brunet J, Bosch-Barrera J, Martin-Castillo B, Alarcón T, Encinar JA, Martin ÁG, Menendez JA. The LSD1 inhibitor iadademstat (ORY-1001) targets SOX2-driven breast cancer stem cells: a potential epigenetic therapy in luminal-B and HER2-positive breast cancer subtypes. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4794-4814. [PMID: 32191225 PMCID: PMC7138538 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SOX2 is a core pluripotency-associated transcription factor causally related to cancer initiation, aggressiveness, and drug resistance by driving the self-renewal and seeding capacity of cancer stem cells (CSC). Here, we tested the ability of the clinically proven inhibitor of the lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) iadademstat (ORY-100) to target SOX2-driven CSC in breast cancer. Iadademstat blocked CSC-driven mammosphere formation in breast cancer cell lines that are dependent on SOX2 expression to maintain their CSC phenotype. Iadademstat prevented the activation of an LSD1-targeted stemness-specific SOX2 enhancer in CSC-enriched 3-dimensional spheroids. Using high-throughput transcriptional data available from the METABRIC dataset, high expression of SOX2 was significantly more common in luminal-B and HER2-enriched subtypes according to PAM50 classifier and in IntClust1 (high proliferating luminal-B) and IntClust 5 (luminal-B and HER2-amplified) according to integrative clustering. Iadademstat significantly reduced mammospheres formation by CSC-like cells from a multidrug-resistant luminal-B breast cancer patient-derived xenograft but not of those from a treatment-naïve luminal-A patient. Iadademstat reduced the expression of SOX2 in luminal-B but not in luminal-A mammospheres, likely indicating a selective targeting of SOX2-driven CSC. The therapeutic relevance of targeting SOX2-driven breast CSC suggests the potential clinical use of iadademstat as an epigenetic therapy in luminal-B and HER2-positive subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Cuyàs
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | | | - Sara Verdura
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Tomás Alarcón
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Graduate School of Mathematics (BGSMath), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Encinar
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE) and Molecular and Cell Biology Institute (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Elche, Spain
| | | | - Javier A Menendez
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
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47
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Schaefer T, Lengerke C. SOX2 protein biochemistry in stemness, reprogramming, and cancer: the PI3K/AKT/SOX2 axis and beyond. Oncogene 2020; 39:278-292. [PMID: 31477842 PMCID: PMC6949191 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research of the past view years expanded our understanding of the various physiological functions the cell-fate determining transcription factor SOX2 exerts in ontogenesis, reprogramming, and cancer. However, while scientific reports featuring novel and exciting aspects of SOX2-driven biology are published in near weekly routine, investigations in the underlying protein-biochemical processes that transiently tailor SOX2 activity to situational demand are underrepresented and have not yet been comprehensively summarized. Largely unrecognizable to modern array or sequencing-based technology, various protein secondary modifications and concomitant function modulations have been reported for SOX2. The chemical modifications imposed onto SOX2 are inherently heterogeneous, comprising singular or clustered events of phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, PARPylation, and O-glycosylation that reciprocally affect each other and critically impact SOX2 functionality, often in a tissue and species-specific manner. One recurring regulatory principle though is the canonical PI3K/AKT signaling axis to which SOX2 relates in various entangled, albeit not exclusive ways. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on SOX2 protein modifications, their proposed relationship to the PI3K/AKT pathway, and regulatory influence on SOX2 with regards to stemness, reprogramming, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Schaefer
- University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Basel, Switzerland
- University Hospital Basel, Division of Hematology, Basel, Switzerland
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48
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Horiguchi K, Yoshida S, Hasegawa R, Takigami S, Ohsako S, Kato T, Kato Y. Isolation and characterization of cluster of differentiation 9-positive ependymal cells as potential adult neural stem/progenitor cells in the third ventricle of adult rats. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:497-509. [PMID: 31788760 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ependymal cells located above the ventricular zone of the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles and the spinal cord are thought to form part of the adult neurogenic niche. Many studies have focused on ependymal cells as potential adult neural stem/progenitor cells. To investigate the functions of ependymal cells, a simple method to isolate subtypes is needed. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 9 in ependymal cells by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that CD9-positive ependymal cells were also immunopositive for SRY-box 2, a stem/progenitor cell marker. We then isolated CD9-positive ependymal cells from the third ventricle using the pluriBead-cascade cell isolation system based on antibody-mediated binding of cells to beads of different sizes and their isolation with sieves of different mesh sizes. As a result, we succeeded in isolating CD9-positive populations with 86% purity of ependymal cells from the third ventricle. We next assayed whether isolated CD9-positive ependymal cells had neurospherogenic potential. Neurospheres were generated from CD9-positive ependymal cells of adult rats and were immunopositve for neuron, astrocyte, and oligodendrocyte markers after cultivation. Thus, based on these findings, we suggest that the isolated CD9-positive ependymal cells from the third ventricle included tanycytes, which are special ependymal cells in the ventricular zone of the third ventricle that form part of the adult neurogenic and gliogenic niche. These current findings improve our understanding of tanycytes in the adult third ventricle in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Horiguchi
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan.
- Institute of Endocrinology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Institute of Endocrinology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Rumi Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Shu Takigami
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Shunji Ohsako
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Takako Kato
- Institute of Endocrinology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Institute of Endocrinology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
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49
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Peng C, Lu L, Li Y, Hu J. Neurospheres Induced from Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells as a New Source of Neural Progenitor Cells. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:66S-75S. [PMID: 31813268 PMCID: PMC7016463 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719888619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells are used in regenerative medicine for treating various diseases including osteoarthritis, degenerative arthritis, cartilage or tendon injury, etc. However, their use in neurological disorders is limited, probably due to the lack of a quick and efficient induction method of transforming these cells into neural stem or progenitor cells. In this study, we reported a highly efficient and simple method to induce adipose-derived stem cells into neural progenitor cells within 12 hours, using serum-free culture combined with a well-defined induction medium (epidermal growth factor 20 ng/ml and basic fibroblast growth factor, both at 20 ng/ml, with N2 and B27 supplements). These adipose-derived stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells grow as neurospheres, can self-renew to form secondary neurospheres, and can be induced to become neurons and glial cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed significantly upregulated expression of neurogenic genes Sox2 and Nestin with a moderate increase in stemness gene expression. Raybio human growth factor analysis showed a significantly upregulated expression of multiple neurogenic and angiogenic cytokines such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic growth factor, nerve growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor etc. Therefore, adipose-derived stem cell-derived neurospheres can be a new source of neural progenitor cells and hold great potential for future cell replacement therapy for treatment of various refractory neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Peng
- Emergency Internal Medicine Department, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Stem Cell Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Lu
- Stem Cell Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yajiao Li
- Stem Cell Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Oncology, Xiangfan Central Hospital, Xiangfan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingqiong Hu
- Stem Cell Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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50
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Stierli S, Imperatore V, Lloyd AC. Schwann cell plasticity-roles in tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and disease. Glia 2019; 67:2203-2215. [PMID: 31215712 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
How tissues are maintained over a lifetime and repaired following injury are fundamental questions in biology with a disruption to these processes underlying pathologies such as cancer and degenerative disorders. It is becoming increasingly clear that each tissue has a distinct mechanism to maintain homeostasis and respond to injury utilizing different types of stem/progenitor cell populations depending on the insult and/or with a contribution from more differentiated cells that are able to dedifferentiate to aid tissue regeneration. Peripheral nerves are highly quiescent yet show remarkable regenerative capabilities. Remarkably, there is no evidence for a classical stem cell population, rather all cell-types within the nerve are able to proliferate to produce new nerve tissue. Co-ordinating the regeneration of this tissue are Schwann cells (SCs), the main glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. SCs exist in architecturally stable structures that can persist for the lifetime of an animal, however, they are not postmitotic, in that following injury they are reprogrammed at high efficiency to a progenitor-like state, with these cells acting to orchestrate the nerve regeneration process. During nerve regeneration, SCs show little plasticity, maintaining their identity in the repaired tissue. However, once free of the nerve environment they appear to exhibit increased plasticity with reported roles in the repair of other tissues. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms underlying the homeostasis and regeneration of peripheral nerves and how reprogrammed progenitor-like SCs have broader roles in the repair of other tissues with implications for pathologies such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Stierli
- MRC LMCB, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Alison C Lloyd
- MRC LMCB, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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