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González-Gálvez N, López-Gil JF, Espeso-Garcia A, Abenza-Cano L, Mateo-Orcajada A, Vaquero-Cristóbal R. Effectiveness of high intensity and sprint interval training on metabolic biomarkers, body composition, and physical fitness in adolescents: randomized controlled trial. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1425191. [PMID: 39157534 PMCID: PMC11328537 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1425191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HIIT and SIT programmes on body composition, blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose, cardiorespiratory fitness, and strength of adolescents and to compare the effect between those different protocols. Methods Sixty adolescents were recruited from a high school and were randomly placed into three groups. SIT and HIIT undertook a training for 8 weeks, twice a week, for 12 min per session, during their Physical Education lessons. SIT group performed 6 sets of 60 s of work (90-95%HRmax) / 60 s of rest (50-55%HRmax), and HIIT group performed 3 sets of 2 min of work (80-85%HRmax) / 2 min of rest (50-55%HRmax). Results After adjustment by sex, both experimental groups exhibited a significant reduction in fat mass (p < 0.01), and trunk fat mass (p < 0.01), as well as a significant increase in lean mass (p = 0.01; <0.01), hand-grip strength (p < 0.01) and standing long jump (p = 0.05-0.04, respectively). In addition, HIIT showed a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and VO2max, and a tendency toward a significant reduction in low density lipoprotein. Conclusion The implementation of a HIIT protocol within high school Physical Education sessions, maintained for 8 weeks, at a rate of 3 sets of 2 min of work (80-85% RHR)/2 min of rest (50-55% RHR) generated adaptations such as improved fitness condition, changes in body composition, and improvements in blood parameters and blood pressure. However, the group of adolescents who performed SIT, shorter but more intense sets, did not experience as many benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucia Abenza-Cano
- Facultad del Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Research Group Movement Sciences and Sport (MS&SPORT), Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
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González-Gálvez N, Soler-Marín A, Abelleira-Lamela T, Abenza-Cano L, Mateo-Orcajada A, Vaquero-Cristóbal R. Eight weeks of high-intensity interval vs. sprint interval training effects on overweight and obese adolescents carried out during the cool-down period of physical education classes: randomized controlled trial. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1394328. [PMID: 38746000 PMCID: PMC11092892 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1394328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sprint interval training (SIT) and [high intensive interval training (HIIT)] carried out during the cool-down period of the physical education classes on body composition, blood pressure variables (BP) and pulse rate (PR), and cardiorespiratory fitness of adolescents who are overweight and obese, and to compare the differences in enjoyment in response to SIT vs. HIIT. Methods For this randomized controlled trial, forty-five adolescents were recruited from a high school and were randomly placed into three groups. SIT and HIIT trained for 8 weeks, twice a week, for 12 min/session. Experimental group (EG) 3 was the control, and they maintained their regular physical education class schedule. The SIT group performed 6 sets of 60 s of work (90-95%HRmax) / 60 s of rest (50-55%HRmax), and the HIIT group performed 3 sets of 2 min of work (80-85%HRmax) / 2 min of rest (50-55%HRmax). Results Both experimental groups showed a significant improvement in fat mass (FM) (%) and trunk FM (kg). In addition, EG2 reported a significance improvement in lean mass (kg), blood pressure BP (mmHG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (mmHg), PR (bpm), and VO2max (ml/kg/min). Conclusion The present study found that a HIIT protocol performed during the cool-down period of the physical education classes generated adaptations such as improvement in body composition, BP variables and PR, and cardiorespiratory fitness, in overweight and obese adolescents. In contrast, the group of overweight and obese adolescents who performed SIT showed limited benefits, with changes in fat mass only.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Soler-Marín
- Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Lucia Abenza-Cano
- Facultad del Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
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González-Gálvez N, López-Martínez AB, López-Vivancos A. Clustered Cardiometabolic Risk and the "Fat but Fit Paradox" in Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:606. [PMID: 38474733 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The "fat but fit paradox" states that people who are fit have a lower cluster cardiometabolic risk (CCMR), even if they are overweight or obese. Therefore, the objective was to investigate the CCMR between four categories based on the "fat but fit paradox" variable, in different fitness categories-cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and physical fitness-in adolescents. Body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle fitness, blood samples, and blood pressure were assessed in 230 adolescents, and cardiometabolic risk and three different "fat but fit paradox" variables were calculated. Participants with a higher CRF exhibited a lower CCMR within their body mass index (BMI) category (p < 0.05). Participants with a high BMI and high muscular fitness showed a lower CCMR than participants with a low muscular fitness and a similar BMI, or low BMI and low muscular fitness (p < 0.05). When both variables, CRF and muscular fitness, were combined, their effectabove CCMR increased (p < 0.05). Across all fitness categories, the fat and unfit group, whether considered individually or combined, exhibited the highest risk of CCMR (p < 0.05). This study confirms the "fat but fit paradox" in different physical fitness categories, showing the importance of both CRF and muscular fitness as predictors of CCMR, with the combination of both variables showing a greater agreement.
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González-Gálvez N, Vaquero-Cristobal R, Maciá-Andreu MJ, García-Tascon M, Soler-Marín A, Gallardo-Guerrero AM. Influence of physical fitness components on personality factors and risk perception of children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071995. [PMID: 38072471 PMCID: PMC10728990 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 max) and muscular strength with indicators related to the risk scale, such as perceived competence, sensation seeking, competitiveness, risk taking and risk perception in sports. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING High schools from the Region of Murcia (Spain). PARTICIPANTS Three-hundred-and-seventeen adolescents participated (mean age: 13.69±1.2 years old). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Body mass, body height, Course-Navette test, upper limb strength and psychoeducational factors that determine the propensity towards sports accidents in school children, the Sports Accident Propensity Scale were evaluated. It was performance t-test for independent samples, stepwise multiple linear regression models and a multiple mediation analysis. RESULTS The analysis showed significant differences with respect to sex in height, VO2 max, handgrip strength and in all factors of the questionnaire (p=0.02-<0.01). Adolescents who presented greater VO2 max, strength in the handgrip test and age showed a higher score in factors 1 and 3. Higher scores in factor 2 were associated with better VO2 max and strength in handgrip test. Youngers and better values of strength in the handgrip showed higher score in factors 4 and 5. The mediation analysis with two mediating variables (handgrip strength and VO2 max) showed a significant indirect effect. When handgrip strength and VO2 max were included in the equations, the association between sex and each factor ceased to be significant. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential benefits of muscular strength (handgrip) and VO2 max in the perceived risk scale, and the variable of age on this. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinical trial: NCT05544370 (pre-results).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia González-Gálvez
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Región de Murcia, Spain
| | - Raquel Vaquero-Cristobal
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Región de Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Marta García-Tascon
- Departamento del Deporte e Informática, Pablo de Olavide University, Sevilla, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Antonio Soler-Marín
- Dpto. Tecnología de la Alimentación y Nutrición, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Región de Murcia, Spain
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Peng J, Yin L, Wang K, Zhang T, Liu H, Yang J, Luo J. A Study on the Relationship Between Adolescent Health Behavior, BMI, and Blood Physical and Chemical Properties. Front Public Health 2022; 10:766101. [PMID: 35372227 PMCID: PMC8964522 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.766101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the blood test index, demographic data, and health promotion behavior of adolescents were analyzed to provide a reference for early prevention and treatment of physical decline and abnormal biochemical indexes of adolescents. Using a cross-sectional study design, 1,436 valid samples were obtained by stratified random sampling, and the data were processed by SPSS21.0 statistical analysis software. The results showed that the overall health-promoting lifestyle of adolescents was good, and the interpersonal support behavior was the best, and the health responsibility and sports participation behavior were the worst; the interpersonal support and sports participation behavior of adolescents with normal weight were significantly better than those with overweight or light weight, while the overall health-promoting behavior of adolescents with high fasting blood glucose (FBG) before meals was poor, those with high glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) had poor nutritional behavior and health responsibility behavior, while those with high uric acid (UA) had poor interpersonal support and stress coping behavior. The overweight rate and abnormal detection rate of UA and triglyceride (TG) in boys were significantly higher than those in girls, and the higher BMI of teenagers, the higher abnormal detection rate of GPT, UA, and TG, the better nutritional behavior, health responsibility behavior, and sports participation behavior, the lower abnormal detection rate of GPT, UA, and TG; the higher education level of parents, the better teenagers' sports participation and health responsibility behavior, the lower the incidence of overweight, the more time they spend playing online games and drinking sugary drinks on weekdays (or holidays), the higher the incidence of overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Peng
- School of Physical Education, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, China
| | - Lian Yin
- Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingran Zhang
- Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hengxu Liu
- Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinxin Yang
- Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiong Luo
- Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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