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Amini MR, Salavatizadeh M, Kazeminejad S, Javadi F, Hajiaqaei M, Askari G, Hekmatdoost A. The effects of Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) on serum leptin concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2024; 84:103060. [PMID: 38876392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The observed impacts of Garcinia cambogia (GC) on serum leptin indicate inconsistency. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effectiveness of GC on leptin levels. METHODS A thorough literature search was carried out using different online databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, until May 25, 2024. Using random effects, weighted mean differences (WMDs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. Standard procedures were followed to account for publication bias, study quality, and statistical heterogeneity. RESULTS In this meta-analysis, a total of eight eligible trials with 330 participants were ultimately included. Quality assessment showed that half of the included trials were considered to have fair quality, while the other half were deemed to have poor quality. Our analysis, with no indication of publication bias, showed a significantly decreased effect of GC on leptin compared with the placebo (WMD: -5.01ng/ml; 95% CI: -9.22 to -0.80, p=0.02). However, significant heterogeneity was detected between studies (I2=93.5%, p < 0.001). The Hartung-Knapp adjustment did not affect our results. Subgroup analysis revealed that GC consumption represents the most effects in trials with sample size ≥ 50 (WMD: -3.63ng/ml; 95% CI [-5.51, -1.76], p <0.001), and mean age of participants ≥ 30 years (WMD: -7.43ng/ml; 95% CI [-9.31, -5.56], p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study showed that leptin levels might decline following GC administration. To confirm our findings, further high-quality RCTs with suitable methodologic structures are required. REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023486370.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Amini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marieh Salavatizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shervin Kazeminejad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fozhan Javadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hajiaqaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Li H, Khan S, Siddique R, Bai Q, Liu Y, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Yong VW, Xue M. Obesity in acute ischaemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis therapy. Neurol Res 2023; 45:796-803. [PMID: 34112057 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1939486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article aimed to analyze the relationship between obesity and the efficacy of acute ischaemic stroke patients treated with IVT. BACKGROUND Stroke causes morbidity and mortality in large numbers of individuals annually. Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT)with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) is currently the only approved by the FDA for treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. Researchers have focused on studying the mechanisms associated with ischaemic stroke. Obesity is an established vascular risk factor with increasing prevalence and a huge impact on public health worldwide. It is an independent predictor for ischaemic stroke with a 4% risk increase for each unit augmentation in body mass index (BMI). Therefore, obese patients will constitute an increasing subgroup of candidates for IVT. However, its impact on prognosis in acute ischaemic stroke patients with intravenous thrombolysis did not reach a consensus conclusion. METHODS Systematic literature search of PUBMED databases published before August 2020, was performed to identify studies addressing the role of obesity in acute ischaemic stroke patients treated with IVT. Studies included randomized clinical trials, observational studies, guideline statements, and review articles. CONCLUSIONS Obesity may be related to long-term prognosis of large group of AIS patients treated with IVT. It depends on the scale of clinical study samples, follow-up time, and evaluation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Li
- The Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Suliman Khan
- The Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rabeea Siddique
- The Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qian Bai
- The Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruiyi Zhang
- The Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- The Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Gairolla J, Khurana D, Sarma P, Kler R, Medhi B, Khullar M, Modi M, Naithani P, Kumar A. Association Between CYP2C19 Genotypes With Clinical Phenotypes and Adipokine Levels Among Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Prospective Observational Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e39265. [PMID: 37342754 PMCID: PMC10278952 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cytochrome P450 system is implicated in vascular pathologies, including stroke. Besides its role as a drug metabolizer, it also plays an important role in the metabolism of several endogenous substances like fatty acids, arachidonic acid, etc., which have pro-inflammatory effects. On the other hand, leptin and adiponectin are two of the most common adipose tissue-derived cytokines (adipokines), which are pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory in nature, respectively. Both of them are implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke. Methods We prospectively recruited ischemic stroke patients (within three months of occurrence of an attack of stroke). The occurrence of composite outcome (recurrence of transient ischemic attack/ischemic stroke or death) was evaluated for association with genetic variants of CYP2C19 (allele *2, *17, *3, and *4, i.e., single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 1/2/3/4, identified using TaqMan assays and DNA sequencing). Adiponectin and leptin levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Comparisons were made between stroke vs. control patients and between CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizer (IM)/poor metabolizer (PM) vs. extensive metabolizer (EM)/ultra metabolizer (UM) (PM: *2/*2; IM: *1/*2 vs. EM: *1/*1; UM: *1/*17). P < 0.05 was taken as the threshold for statistical significance. Results A total of 204 patients and 101 controls were recruited. With regard to the occurrence of stroke, SNP2 showed a significant positive association. Haplotypes (SNP1/SNP2) AC (OR = 1.75 (1.08-2.83), p = 0.024) and GT (OR = 3.33 (1.53-7.22), p = 0.0026) were strongly associated with the occurrence of ischemic stroke even after adjustment for age and sex (global haplotype association p-value: 0.0062). Haplotype phenotype gender interaction was evident. Among stroke patients, with regard to composite outcome, only SNP1 showed a positive association. The AC haplotype was significantly associated with the occurrence of composite outcome (OR = 2.27 (1.17-4.41), p = 0.016). Among stroke patients, a significant positive association was seen between death and SNP1 (OR = 2.35 (1.13-4.90), p = 0.021) and AC haplotype (OR = 2.73 (1.20-6.22), p = 0.018). However, none of the SNPs or haplotypes showed any association with recurrence. Significant higher leptin and lower adiponectin levels were observed among stroke patients compared to controls. Leptin levels were higher in IM/PM group. IM/PM phenotypes showed a higher incidence of occurrence of composite outcome (hazard ratio = 2.07 (0.96-4.47), p = 0.056). Conclusion CYP2C19 polymorphisms may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of stroke. Leptin could serve as a prominent biomarker of atherosclerosis and inflammation in the early post-stroke period; however, further study is warranted with a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Gairolla
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Dheeraj Khurana
- Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, IND
| | - Phulen Sarma
- Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, IND
| | - Rupinder Kler
- Genetics, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, IND
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, IND
| | - Madhu Khullar
- Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, IND
| | - Manish Modi
- Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, IND
| | - Priyanka Naithani
- Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, IND
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Nursing, National Institute of Nursing Education, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, IND
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Stanek A, Grygiel-Górniak B, Brożyna-Tkaczyk K, Myśliński W, Cholewka A, Zolghadri S. The Influence of Dietary Interventions on Arterial Stiffness in Overweight and Obese Subjects. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061440. [PMID: 36986170 PMCID: PMC10058695 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is often increased in overweight/obese subjects before the development of hypertension. It is also one of the earliest indicators of increased cardiovascular disease risk and can be considered a good predictor of the development of subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction. Arterial stiffness is a significant prognostic factor influencing cardiovascular risk, which dietary habits can modify. Obese patients should use the caloric-restricted diet because it augments aortic distensibility, diminishes pulse wave velocity (PWV), and increases the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthases. High intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA), trans fats, and cholesterol, typical for the Western diet, impairs endothelial function and raises brachial-ankle PMV. The replacement of SFA with monounsaturated (MUFA) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) derived from seafood and plants diminishes the risk of arterial stiffness. The dairy product intake (excluding butter) decreases PWV in the general population. The high-sucrose diet causes toxic hyperglycemia and increases arterial stiffness. Complex carbohydrates with a low glycemic index (including isomaltose) should be recommended to keep vascular health. The high sodium intake (>10 g/day), particularly associated with low potassium consumption, has a deleterious effect on arterial stiffness (↑ baPWV). Since vegetables and fruits are good sources of vitamins and phytochemicals, they should be recommended in patients with high PMV. Thus, the dietary recommendation to prevent arterial stiffness should be similar to the Mediterranean diet, which is rich in dairy products, plant oils, and fish, with a minimal red meat intake and five servings of fruits and vegetables daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Stanek
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Bogna Grygiel-Górniak
- Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Klaudia Brożyna-Tkaczyk
- Chair and Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 Street, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Myśliński
- Chair and Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 Street, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Armand Cholewka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14 Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom 74147-85318, Iran
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Leptin alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:232083. [PMID: 36367210 PMCID: PMC9744719 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a key factor for the prognosis of ischemic stroke (IS), the leading disease in terms of global disability and fatality rates. Recent studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) may be a target against CIRI and that leptin, a peptide hormone, has neuroprotective activity to mitigate CIRI. METHODS An in vitro CIRI model was induced in primary cortical neurons by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) after pretreatment with LY294002 (10 µmol/L) and/or leptin (0.4 mg/L), and cell viability, neuronal morphology and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction were evaluated. An in vivo CIRI model was established in rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) after the injection of LY294002 (10 μmol/L) and/or leptin (1 mg/kg), and neurological function, infarct volume, cerebral pathological changes, the expression of ERS-related proteins and cell apoptosis were examined. RESULTS In vitro, leptin treatment improved the cell survival rate, ameliorated neuronal pathological morphology and alleviated OGD/R-induced ERS. In vivo, administration of leptin significantly reduced the infarct volume, neurological deficit scores and neuronal apoptosis as well as pathological alterations. In addition, leptin suppressed MCAO/R-induced ERS and may decrease apoptosis by inhibiting ERS-related death and caspase 3 activation. It also regulated expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the proapoptotic protein Bax in the cortex. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of leptin on ERS was significantly decreased by the effective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that ERS plays an important role in CIRI and that leptin can inhibit the activation of ERS through the PI3K/Akt pathway, thereby alleviating CIRI. These findings provide novel therapeutic targets for IS.
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Yang L, Su X, Lu F, Zong R, Ding S, Liu J, Wilson G, Li L, Yang Y, Wang W, Wang X, Chen J, Ma X. Serum and brain metabolomic study reveals the protective effects of Bai-Mi-Decoction on rats with ischemic stroke. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1005301. [PMID: 36506507 PMCID: PMC9729534 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1005301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bai-Mi-Decoction (BMD), which is composed of Eugenia caryophyllata, Myristica fragrans, Moschus berezovskii, and Crocus sativu, is a characteristic TCM multi-herb formula for brain disease. However, the mechanism of protective effects of BMD on ischemic stroke (IS) still has not been clarified. Our study is designed to elucidate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of BMD on IS by employing pharmacodynamic and serum and brain metabolomic methods. In this experiment, 90 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group (SHAM, vehicle), middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion injury model group (MCAO/R, vehicle), positive control group (NMDP, 36 mg/kg/day nimodipine), and low (BMDL, 0.805 g/kg/day), moderate (BMDM, 1.61 g/kg/day), and high (BMDH, 3.22 g/kg/day) dosage of BMD prophylactic administration groups. The drugs were dissolved in 0.5% CMC-Na and orally administered to rats with equal volumes (100 g/ml body weight) once a day for 14 consecutive days. Neurological deficit score, cerebral infarct volume, change in body weight, and serum NO, SOD, MDA, GSH, and GSSG levels were determined. Pathological abnormalities using hematoxylin and eosin staining and the expression of VEGF, caspase-3, and NF-κB were analyzed. Furthermore, serum and brain metabolic profiles were explored to reveal the underlying mechanism using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS technology. BMD exhibited significant neuroprotective effects on MCAO/R rats. As compared to the MCAO/R model group, it could reduce the neurological deficit score and cerebral infarct volume, increase body weight, enhance GSH, SOD, and GSSG activities, and decrease NO and MDA contents of MCAO/R rats. Meanwhile, BMD could ameliorate pathological abnormalities of MCAO/R rats through reducing neuronal loss, vacuolated spaces, shrunken neurons, and destructed neuron structure, as well as regulating the expression of VEGF, caspase-3, and NF-κB. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based serum and brain metabolomics analysis found a total of 53 differential metabolites between MCAO/R and SHAM groups, of which 30 were significantly regulated by BMD intervention, and further metabolic pathway analysis implied that the protective effects were mainly associated with amino acid and glycerophospholipid metabolisms. Our pharmacodynamic and metabolomic results revealed the neuroprotective effects of BMD on MCAO/R rats, and the underlying mechanisms were probably related to amino acid and glycerophospholipid metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fangfang Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Rong Zong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuqin Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Gidion Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Liuyan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Youyue Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Weibiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jianyu Chen, ; Xueqin Ma,
| | - Xueqin Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China,*Correspondence: Jianyu Chen, ; Xueqin Ma,
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Clain J, Couret D, Planesse C, Krejbich-Trotot P, Meilhac O, Lefebvre d’Hellencourt C, Viranaicken W, Diotel N. Distribution of Adiponectin Receptors in the Brain of Adult Mouse: Effect of a Single Dose of the Adiponectin Receptor Agonist, AdipoRON, on Ischemic Stroke. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050680. [PMID: 35625066 PMCID: PMC9139333 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin exhibits pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective ones. Although some studies have documented brain expression in different rodent models of its receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, their global distribution remains incomplete. Here, we demonstrated that both AdipoR are widely distributed in the brains of adult mice. Furthermore, by double immunostaining studies, we showed that AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are mainly expressed in neurons and blood vessels. Then, considering the wide distribution of both receptors and the neuroprotective effects of adiponectin, we tested the therapeutic effect of a single injection of the adiponectin receptor agonist, AdipoRON (5 mg.kg−1), 24 h after stroke in a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion technique (MCAO). Under our experimental conditions, we demonstrated that AdipoRON did not modulate the infarct volume, cell death, neuroinflammatory parameters including microglia activation and oxidative stress. This study suggests that a protocol based on multiple injections of AdipoRON at a higher dose after MCAO could be considered to promote the therapeutic properties of AdipoRON on the brain repair mechanism and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Clain
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (J.C.); (D.C.); (C.P.); (O.M.); (C.L.d.)
| | - David Couret
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (J.C.); (D.C.); (C.P.); (O.M.); (C.L.d.)
- CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Cynthia Planesse
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (J.C.); (D.C.); (C.P.); (O.M.); (C.L.d.)
| | - Pascale Krejbich-Trotot
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM, UMR 1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249, Université de La Réunion, 94791 Sainte-Clotilde, France;
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (J.C.); (D.C.); (C.P.); (O.M.); (C.L.d.)
- CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Christian Lefebvre d’Hellencourt
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (J.C.); (D.C.); (C.P.); (O.M.); (C.L.d.)
| | - Wildriss Viranaicken
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM, UMR 1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249, Université de La Réunion, 94791 Sainte-Clotilde, France;
- Correspondence: (W.V.); (N.D.)
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (J.C.); (D.C.); (C.P.); (O.M.); (C.L.d.)
- Correspondence: (W.V.); (N.D.)
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Mechanism of Sanhua Decoction in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke Based on Network Pharmacology Methods and Experimental Verification. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7759402. [PMID: 35097126 PMCID: PMC8799339 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7759402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective The mechanism of action of Sanhua Decoction (SHD) in the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS) was analyzed based on the network pharmacology technology, and the pharmacodynamics and key targets were verified using the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Methods The GEO database was used to collect IS-related gene set SD, and DrugBank and TTD databases were used to obtain the therapeutic drug target set ST. IS disease gene set SI was collected from DisGeNET, GeneCards, and OMIM databases. These three different gene sets obtained from various sources were merged, duplicates were removed, and the resulting IS disease gene set SIS was imported into the STRING database to establish the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Two methods were used to screen the key targets of IS disease based on the PPI network analysis. The TCMSP database and PubChem were applied to retrieve the main chemical components of SHD, and the ACD/Labs software and the SwissADME online system were utilized for ADMET screening. HitPick, SEA, and SwissTarget Prediction online systems were used to predict the set of potential targets for SHD to treat IS. The predicted set of potential targets and the IS disease gene set were intersected. Subsequently, the set of potential targets for SHD treatment of IS was identified, the target information was confirmed through the UniProt database, and finally, the component-target data set for SHD treatment of IS was obtained. clusterProfiler was used for GO function annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on the target set of SHD active ingredients. A rat MCAO model was established to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of SHD in the treatment of IS, and Western blot analysis assessed the level of proteins in the related pathways. Results This study obtained 1,009 IS disease gene sets. PPI network analysis identified 12 key targets: AGT, SAA1, KNG1, APP, GNB3, C3, CXCR4, CXCL12, CXCL8, CXCL1, F2, and EDN1. Database analyses retrieved 40 active ingredients and 47 target genes in SHD. The network proximity algorithm was used to optimize the six key components in SHD. KEGG enrichment showed that the signaling pathways related to IS were endocrine resistance, estrogen, TNF signal pathway, and AGEs/RAGE. Compound-disease-target regulatory network analysis showed that AKT1, IL-6, TNF-α, TP53, VEGFA, and APP were related to the treatment of IS with SHD. Animal experiments demonstrated that SHD significantly reduces the neurological function of rat defect symptoms (P < 0.05), the area of cerebral avascular necrosis, and neuronal necrosis while increasing the levels of IL-6 and APP proteins (P < 0.05) and reducing the levels of AKT1 and VEGFA proteins (P < 0.05). Conclusion The effective components of SHD may regulate multiple signaling pathways through IL-6, APP, AKT1, and VEGFA to reduce brain damage and inflammatory damage and exert a neuroprotective role in the treatment of IS diseases. Thus, this study provides a feasible method to study the pharmacological mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions and a theoretical basis for the development of SHD into a new drug for IS treatment.
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Quan H, Yu T, Lin Y, Pan J, Mao B, Wang X, Xie J, Liu X, Zhao Y. Adiponectin Levels Are Associated with White Matter Lesions (WMLs) and Cognitive Impairment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9943250. [PMID: 35087911 PMCID: PMC8789410 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9943250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
METHOD In the present study, 126 patients, 90 cases in the WML group and 36 cases in the control group, were analyzed to explore the relationship between adiponectin and WMLs. All patients underwent an MRI scan to assess whether white matter lesions happened. And the serum levels of adiponectin were detected by ELISA. RESULTS In this study, according to Fazekas criteria, WMLs were divided into different severity groups. With the increase of WML score, the level of adiponectin decreased, and linear correlation analysis shows that adiponectin is negatively correlated with the severity of white matter lesions (p < 0.001). And adiponectin level was significantly positively correlated with MoCA score (p < 0.05). Moreover, adiponectin in the WMLs combined with the cognitive impairment group was significantly reduced (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The level of adiponectin is independently associated with WMLs and cognitive function, which suggests that adiponectin may be a protective factor for WMLs and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Quan
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Department of Internal Neurology, Middle Yanchang Rd. 301#, Zhabei District, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Tongya Yu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Department of Internal Neurology, Middle Yanchang Rd. 301#, Zhabei District, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Yingying Lin
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Department of Internal Neurology, Middle Yanchang Rd. 301#, Zhabei District, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Jie Pan
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Department of Internal Neurology, Middle Yanchang Rd. 301#, Zhabei District, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Bingjie Mao
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Department of Internal Neurology, Middle Yanchang Rd. 301#, Zhabei District, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Xuan Wang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Department of Internal Neurology, Middle Yanchang Rd. 301#, Zhabei District, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Junchao Xie
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Department of Internal Neurology, Middle Yanchang Rd. 301#, Zhabei District, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Xueyuan Liu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Department of Internal Neurology, Middle Yanchang Rd. 301#, Zhabei District, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Department of Internal Neurology, Middle Yanchang Rd. 301#, Zhabei District, Shanghai, China 200072
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Kigka VI, Potsika V, Mantzaris M, Tsakanikas V, Koncar I, Fotiadis DI. Serum Biomarkers in Carotid Artery Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11112143. [PMID: 34829489 PMCID: PMC8619296 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery disease is considered a major cause of strokes and there is a need for early disease detection and management. Although imaging techniques have been developed for the diagnosis of carotid artery disease and different imaging-based markers have been proposed for the characterization of atherosclerotic plaques, there is still need for a definition of high-risk plaques in asymptomatic patients who may benefit from surgical intervention. Measurement of circulating biomarkers is a promising method to assist in patient-specific disease management, but the lack of robust clinical evidence limits their use as a standard of care. The purpose of this review paper is to present circulating biomarkers related to carotid artery diagnosis and prognosis, which are mainly provided by statistical-based clinical studies. The result of our investigation showed that typical well-established inflammatory biomarkers and biomarkers related to patient lipid profiles are associated with carotid artery disease. In addition to this, more specialized types of biomarkers, such as endothelial and cell adhesion, matrix degrading, and metabolic biomarkers seem to be associated with different carotid artery disease outputs, assisting vascular specialists in selecting patients at high risk for stroke and in need of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki I. Kigka
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.I.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Vassiliki Potsika
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.I.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Michalis Mantzaris
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.I.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Vassilis Tsakanikas
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.I.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Igor Koncar
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinic Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dimitrios I. Fotiadis
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.I.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Research Institute—FORTH, University Campus of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-26510-09006; Fax: +30-26510-08889
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Wei W, Xin W, Tang Y, Chen Z, Heng Y, Pu M, Yang B, Zuo J, Duan J. Disorder Genes Regulate the Progression of Ischemic Stroke through the NF- κB Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2464269. [PMID: 34746300 PMCID: PMC8570099 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2464269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease, including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Stroke is the second leading cause of death after ischemic heart disease, which accounts for 9% of the global death toll. To explore the molecular mechanisms of the effects of the dysregulated factors, in the GEO database, we obtained transcriptome data from 24 h/72 h of mice with ischemic stroke and 24 h/72 h of normal mice. We then performed differential gene analysis, coexpression analysis, enrichment analysis, and regulator prediction bioinformatics analysis to identify the potential genes. We made a comparison between the ischemic stroke 72 h and the ischemic stroke for 24 h, and 5103 differential genes were obtained (p < 0.05). Four functional barrier modules were obtained by weighted gene coexpression network analysis. The critical genes of each module were ASTL, Zfp472, Fmr1 gene, and Nap1l1. The results of the enrichment analysis showed ncRNA metabolism, microRNAs in cancer, and biosynthesis of amino acids. These three functions and pathways have the most considerable count value. The regulators of the regulatory dysfunction module were predicted by pivotal analysis of TF and noncoding RNA, and critical regulators including NFKB1 (NF-κB1), NFKBIA, CTNNB1, and SP1 were obtained. Finally, the pivotal target gene found that CTNNB1, NFKB1, NFKBia, and Sp1 are involved in 18, 32, 2, and 60 target genes, respectively. Therefore, we believe that NFKB1 and Sp1 have a potential role in the progression of ischemic stroke. The NFKB signaling pathway promotes inflammatory cytokines and regulates the progression of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Wenqiang Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Zhonglun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Yue Heng
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Mingjun Pu
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Bufan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Jiacai Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Jingfeng Duan
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621000, China
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Acute Inflammation in Cerebrovascular Disease: A Critical Reappraisal with Focus on Human Studies. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101103. [PMID: 34685473 PMCID: PMC8540384 DOI: 10.3390/life11101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent attention has been focused on the field of inflammatory biomarkers associated with vascular disorders, regarding diagnosis, prognosis, and possible therapeutical targets. In this study, we aimed to perform a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the use of inflammatory biomarkers in stroke patients. We searched studies that evaluated inflammation biomarkers associated with Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD), namely, ischemic Stroke (IS), Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) and Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (CVT). As of today, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) seems the be the most widely studied and accepted biomarker for cerebrovascular disease due to its easy access and availability. Although demonstrated as a prognostic risk factor, in IS, ICH and CVT, its diagnostic role is still under investigation. Several other prognostic factors could be used or even combined together into a diagnostic or prognostic index. Multiple inflammatory biomarkers appear to be involved in IS, ICH, and CVT. Blood inflammatory cells, easily measured and accessible at admission may provide information regarding accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Although not yet a reality, increasing evidence exists to suggest that these may become potential therapeutic targets, likely influencing or mitigating complications of CVD and improving prognosis. Nevertheless, further larger, well-designed randomized clinical trials are still needed to follow up this hypothesis.
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Andone S, Bajko Z, Motataianu A, Mosora O, Balasa R. The Role of Biomarkers in Atherothrombotic Stroke-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169032. [PMID: 34445740 PMCID: PMC8396595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke represents the primary debilitating disease in adults and is the second-highest cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis, the most prevalent etiology for vascular conditions, is a continuous process that gradually creates and develops endothelial lesions known as atherosclerotic plaques. These lesions lead to the appearance of atherothrombotic stroke. In the last decades, the role of biological biomarkers has emerged as either diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic targets. This article aims to create a list of potential biomarkers related to atherothrombotic stroke by reviewing the currently available literature. We identified 23 biomarkers and assessed their roles as risk factors, detection markers, prognostic predictors, and therapeutic targets. The central aspect of these biomarkers is related to risk stratification, especially for patients who have not yet suffered a stroke. Other valuable data are focused on the predictive capabilities for stroke patients regarding short-term and long-term prognosis, including their influence over the acute phase treatment, such as rt-PA thrombolysis. Although the role of biomarkers is anticipated to be of extreme value in the future, they cannot yet compete with traditional stroke neuroimaging markers but could be used as additional tools for etiological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Andone
- Doctoral School, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (S.A.); (R.B.)
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.M.); (O.M.)
| | - Zoltan Bajko
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.M.); (O.M.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Anca Motataianu
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.M.); (O.M.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Oana Mosora
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.M.); (O.M.)
| | - Rodica Balasa
- Doctoral School, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (S.A.); (R.B.)
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.M.); (O.M.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
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Rausch JA, Gillespie S, Orchard T, Tan A, McDaniel JC. Secondary data analysis investigating effects of marine omega-3 fatty acids on circulating levels of leptin and adiponectin in older adults. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 170:102302. [PMID: 34077887 PMCID: PMC9022442 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher leptin and lower adiponectin levels have been linked to progressing systemic inflammation and diseases of aging. Among older adults with obesity and an inflammatory conditions, we quantified effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on leptin, adiponectin, and the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (LAR). We also examined associations among adipokine and cytokine levels. METHODS Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, participants (mean age 61.3 ± 2.1) received 1.5 g EPA + 1.0 g DHA (n = 14) or mineral oil (n = 18) daily. Plasma adipokine and cytokine levels were quantified by electrochemiluminescence at all study intervals. RESULTS While no between-group differences were detected, there was a reduction in the LAR (by 23%, p=.065) between weeks 4 and 8 among the EPA+DHA group. Adiponectin levels were negatively associated with IL-1β levels at week 4 (p=.02) and TNF-α levels at week 8 (p=.03). CONCLUSION Potential benefits of EPA+DHA supplementation among aging populations warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Rausch
- The Ohio State University, College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210.
| | - S Gillespie
- The Ohio State University, College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - T Orchard
- The Ohio State University, College of Education and Human Ecology, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - A Tan
- The Ohio State University, College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - J C McDaniel
- The Ohio State University, College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Liu CH, Sung PS, Li YR, Huang WK, Lee TW, Huang CC, Lee TH, Chen TH, Wei YC. Telmisartan use and risk of dementia in type 2 diabetes patients with hypertension: A population-based cohort study. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003707. [PMID: 34280191 PMCID: PMC8289120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may have protective effects against dementia occurrence in patients with hypertension (HTN). However, whether telmisartan, an ARB with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ)-modulating effects, has additional benefits compared to other ARBs remains unclear. METHODS AND FINDINGS Between 1997 and 2013, 2,166,944 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Patients with HTN using ARBs were included in the study. Patients with a history of stroke, traumatic brain injury, or dementia were excluded. Finally, 65,511 eligible patients were divided into 2 groups: the telmisartan group and the non-telmisartan ARB group. Propensity score matching (1:4) was used to balance the distribution of baseline characteristics and medications. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of dementia. The secondary outcomes included the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease and occurrence of symptomatic ischemic stroke (IS), any IS, and all-cause mortality. The risks between groups were compared using a Cox proportional hazard model. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. There were 2,280 and 9,120 patients in the telmisartan and non-telmisartan ARB groups, respectively. Patients in the telmisartan group had a lower risk of dementia diagnosis (telmisartan versus non-telmisartan ARBs: 2.19% versus 3.20%; HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.97; p = 0.030). They also had lower risk of dementia diagnosis with IS as a competing risk (subdistribution HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.95; p = 0.022) and with all-cause mortality as a competing risk (subdistribution HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.97; p = 0.029). In addition, the telmisartan users had a lower risk of any IS (6.84% versus 8.57%; HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.94; p = 0.008) during long-term follow-up. Study limitations included potential residual confounding by indication, interpretation of causal effects in an observational study, and bias caused by using diagnostic and medication codes to represent real clinical data. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests that telmisartan use in hypertensive T2DM patients may be associated with a lower risk of dementia and any IS events in an East-Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hung Liu
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Shan Sung
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Rong Li
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kuan Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tay-Wey Lee
- Biostatistical Consultation Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Hai Lee
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hsing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Keelung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (THC); (YCW)
| | - Yi-Chia Wei
- Department of Neurology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (THC); (YCW)
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Baicalin Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Via the AMPK Signaling Pathway to Alleviate Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Inflammation 2021; 44:2091-2105. [PMID: 34080089 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin has been reported to have ameliorative effects on nerve-induced hypoxic ischemia injury; however, its role in the NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent inflammatory response during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion remains unclear. To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in baicalin alleviating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, we investigated the AMPK signaling pathway which regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity. SD rats were treated with baicalin at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively, after middle cerebral artery occlusion at 2 h and reperfusion for 24 h (MCAO/R). MCAO/R treatment significantly increased cerebral infarct volume, changed the ultrastructure of nerve cells, and activated the NLRP3 inflammasome, manifesting as significantly increased expression of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. Our results demonstrated that baicalin treatment effectively reversed these phenomena in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, inhibition of NLRP3 expression was found to promote the neuroprotective effects of baicalin on cortical neurons. Furthermore, baicalin remarkably increased the expression of p-AMPK following oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). The expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome was also increased when the AMPK pathway was blocked by compound C. Taken together, our findings reveal that baicalin reduces the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome and consequently inhibits cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through activation of the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Tang Y, Wang D, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang J, Qi R, Yang J, Shen H, Xu Y, Li M. Rapid responses of adipocytes to iron overload increase serum TG level by decreasing adiponectin. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7544-7553. [PMID: 33855731 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iron overload is tightly connected with metabolic disorders. Excess iron in the adipose and its roles in dyslipidemia are of interest to be identified. In acute iron overload mice receiving intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg/day dextran-iron for 5 days, the epididymis adipose showed a remarkable increase in iron. Serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were increased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was decreased, while serum alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, and insulin were not affected. The serum-cytokine-microarray showed that adipocytokines, including adiponectin, leptin, and resistin were significantly decreased. Other serum cytokines, including pro-insulin cytokines, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were not changed, except that ghrelin and chemokine RANTES were increased. Iron overload decreased expressions of adiponectin and leptin both in vivo and in vitro. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant leptin at 1 μg/g in acute iron overload mice had no significant effects on serum levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C, while intraperitoneal injection of recombinant adiponectin at 3 μg/g partially restored serum TG level through improving activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase, but abnormal serum LDL-C and HDL-C were not redressed, suggesting other mechanisms also existed. In conclusion, the adipose responds to iron overload at an early stage to interfere with lipid metabolism by secreting adipocytokines, which may further affect glucose metabolism, inflammation, and other iron overload-induced effects on the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Tang
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Yinyin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruirui Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Institute of International Medical Science and Technology, Sanda University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of International Medical Science and Technology, Sanda University, Shanghai, China
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Varkaneh Kord H, M. Tinsley G, O. Santos H, Zand H, Nazary A, Fatahi S, Mokhtari Z, Salehi-sahlabadi A, Tan SC, Rahmani J, Gaman MA, Sathian B, Sadeghi A, Hatami B, Soltanieh S, Aghamiri S, Bawadi H, Hekmatdoost A. The influence of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin levels in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:1811-1821. [PMID: 33158587 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Zou Y, Hu L, Zou W, Li H. Association of Low Leptin with Poor 3-Month Prognosis in Ischemic Stroke Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:2353-2361. [PMID: 33328729 PMCID: PMC7734075 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s279535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptin, an adipokine, has effects on the cardiovascular system with both protective and harmful role. This study aimed to assess the relationship between leptin and 3-month prognosis in ischemic stroke patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients and Methods As a prospective single-center observational study, we collected consecutive first-ever acute ischemia stroke with type 2 diabetes mellitus from February 2019 to February 2020. Serum samples were obtained at admission, and leptin serum levels were tested by the ELISA method. Logistic regression models were used to assess leptin's prognostic value to predict the functional outcome and mortality within three months. Results Finally, two hundred and eleven patients were included, and the mean leptin serum level was 16.8 (SD. 6.9) ng/mL. At admission, 53.6% of those included patients (N=113) were defined as severe stroke (NIH Stroke Scale [NIHSS]>5). In multivariable models adjusted for other factors, leptin levels<11.6ng/mL (lowest quartile, Q1) related to severe stroke and the risk increased 175% (odds ratios [OR] =2.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.13-3.38; P=0.002). Serum leptin levels on admission in patients with poor outcomes and nonsurvivors were significantly reduced (P<0.001 and P<0.001). Leptin levels <11.6ng/mL (lowest quartile, Q1) related to a higher risk of poor functional impairment (OR=5.13; 95% CI =3.25-6.86; P<0.001) and mortality (OR=3.19; 95% CI =2.03-4.25; P<0.001). Conclusion The data shows that leptin serum level is a useful prognostic biomarker in ischemic stroke patients with type 2 diabetes, and this relationship is negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zou
- General Surgery, Nanchang Third Hospital, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
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Shi J, Sun Y, Hua J. Functional Genetic Variation in the 3'-UTRNTRK2 is Associated with Risk of Ischemic Stroke. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2020; 13:577-584. [PMID: 33209049 PMCID: PMC7669521 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s270319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. It remains difficult to treat brain injury and improve functional rehabilitation after cerebral ischemia. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in ischemic stroke (IS) through interactions in the CREB1-BDNF-NTRk2 pathway. In this study, we aimed to determine the association of NTRK2 gene polymorphisms and the effects of intergenetic interactions in the Chinese population. Materials and Methods A total of 400 patients diagnosed with IS and 400 healthy controls were enrolled for genotyping. Detailed sequence-based analysis was predicted through bioinformatical investigation. Polymorphisms associated with miRNA were analyzed by a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. Results Analysis of clinical characteristics revealed that IS was highly associated with exposure to cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, as well as metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and higher serum triglyceride concentration. Three polymorphisms in NTRK2 located in the 3ʹ-untranslated region (3ʹ-UTR) were genotyped. Logistic regression analysis showed that IS patients with rs11140793, rs7047042, and rs1221 polymorphisms had a higher risk of stroke and indicated a worse short-term recovery. The mRNA level of NTRK2 was suppressed in a mutant genotype compared with wild genotype. The suppression of NTRK2 was induced by the gain-of-binding ability of certain miRNAs through the direct binding of 3ʹ-UTR. Conclusion Our research indicated that, by influencing the expression of NTRK2, the SNPs rs11140793, rs7047042, and rs1221 in the 3′UTR of NTRK2 can be used as risk factors for IS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunshan Rehabilitation Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunshan Rehabilitation Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Hua
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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21
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Rausch J, Gillespie S, Orchard T, Tan A, McDaniel JC. Systematic review of marine-derived omega-3 fatty acid supplementation effects on leptin, adiponectin, and the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio. Nutr Res 2020; 85:135-152. [PMID: 33482602 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, produced and secreted by adipocytes, are involved in regulating systemic inflammation and may be important targets for interventions to reduce the chronic systemic inflammation linked to some conditions common in aging (e.g., atherosclerosis). Lower leptin levels and higher adiponectin levels in peripheral circulation have been associated with less systemic inflammation. While some studies have shown that marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and/or docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) have effects on leptin and adiponectin in the context of inflammation, the extent of their effects remain unclear. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize findings from randomized, controlled trials that measured effects of EPA+DHA supplementation on circulating levels of leptin and adiponectin to determine the state of the science. PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Trials were searched up to June 2018 for studies meeting inclusion criteria. Thirty-one studies included in this review were conducted in 16 countries. Eighteen studies reported lower leptin and/or higher adiponectin levels with EPA+DHA supplementation versus placebo at study end point (9 reported statistically significant differences), but doses, supplementation duration, and population characteristics varied across studies. In 9 studies reporting significantly lower leptin and/or higher adiponectin levels the EPA+DHA dose was 0.52 to 4.2 g/day for 4 to 24 weeks. Additional studies are warranted which assess dose parameters and patient populations similar to studies reporting significant effects of EPA+DHA on leptin or adiponectin in order to evaluate the extent of reproducibility before recommending EPA+DHA as a therapy to target these adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Rausch
- Indiana University Fort Wayne, School of Nursing, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA.
| | | | - Tonya Orchard
- Ohio State University, College of Education and Human Ecology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alai Tan
- Ohio State University, College of Nursing, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jodi C McDaniel
- Ohio State University, College of Nursing, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Search for Reliable Circulating Biomarkers to Predict Carotid Plaque Vulnerability. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218236. [PMID: 33153204 PMCID: PMC7662861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is responsible for 20% of ischemic strokes, and the plaques from the internal carotid artery the most frequently involved. Lipoproteins play a key role in carotid atherosclerosis since lipid accumulation contributes to plaque progression and chronic inflammation, both factors leading to plaque vulnerability. Carotid revascularization to prevent future vascular events is reasonable in some patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. However, the degree of stenosis alone is not sufficient to decide upon the best clinical management in some situations. In this context, it is essential to further characterize plaque vulnerability, according to specific characteristics (lipid-rich core, fibrous cap thinning, intraplaque hemorrhage). Although these features can be partly detected by imaging techniques, identifying carotid plaque vulnerability is still challenging. Therefore, the study of circulating biomarkers could provide adjunctive criteria to predict the risk of atherothrombotic stroke. In this regard, several molecules have been found altered, but reliable biomarkers have not been clearly established yet. The current review discusses the concept of vulnerable carotid plaque, and collects existing information about putative circulating biomarkers, being particularly focused on lipid-related and inflammatory molecules.
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Xiang X, Wang S, Liu T, Wang M, Li J, Jiang J, Wu T, Hu Y. Exploring gene-gene interaction in family-based data with an unsupervised machine learning method: EPISFA. Genet Epidemiol 2020; 44:811-824. [PMID: 32869348 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gene-gene interaction (G × G) is thought to fill the gap between the estimated heritability of complex diseases and the limited genetic proportion explained by identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The current tools for exploring G × G were often developed for case-control designs with less considerations for their applications in families. Family-based studies are robust against bias led from population stratification in genetic studies and helpful in understanding G × G. We proposed a new algorithm epistasis sparse factor analysis (EPISFA) and epistasis sparse factor analysis for linkage disequilibrium (EPISFA-LD) based on unsupervised machine learning to screen G × G. Extensive simulations were performed to compare EPISFA/EPISFA-LD with a classical family-based algorithm FAM-MDR (family-based multifactor dimensionality reduction). The results showed that EPISFA/EPISFA-LD is a tool of both high power and computational efficiency that could be applied in family designs and is applicable within high-dimensionality datasets. Finally, we applied EPISFA/EPISFA-LD to a real dataset drawn from the Fangshan/family-based Ischemic Stroke Study in China. Five pairs of G × G were discovered by EPISFA/EPISFA-LD, including three pairs verified by other algorithms (FAM-MDR and logistic), and an additional two pairs uniquely identified by EPISFA/EPISFA-LD only. The results from EPISFA might offer new insights for understanding the genetic etiology of complex diseases. EPISFA/EPISFA-LD was implemented in R. All relevant source code as well as simulated data could be freely downloaded from https://github.com/doublexism/episfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyue Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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24
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Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of baicalin in cerebrovascular and neurological disorders. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:314-324. [PMID: 32858128 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses play an extraordinary role in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular and neurological disorders. Baicalin is one of the important flavonoids, which is extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Recently, numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that baicalin has salutary effects for anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory and has been demonstrated to exert beneficial therapeutic properties in cerebrovascular and neurological diseases. In this review, we aim to discuss that baicalin exerts anti-inflammatory effects through multiple pathways and targets, thus affecting the production of a variety of inflammatory cytokines and neuroprotective process of neurological diseases; furthermore, the related targets of the anti-inflammatory effects of baicalin were analyzed via using the tools of network pharmacology, to provide theoretical basis and innovative ideas for the future clinical application of baicalin.
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25
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Tu WJ, Qiu HC, Liu YK, Liu Q, Zeng X, Zhao J. Elevated levels of adiponectin associated with major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and mortality risk in ischemic stroke. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:125. [PMID: 32771014 PMCID: PMC7415178 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin plays role in multiple metabolic pathways. Previous studies in cardiovascular disease evaluated the association between adiponectin and clinical outcomes, yielding conflicting results. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of adiponectin with major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and mortality in Chinese patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS This was a prospective, multicenter cohort study. From September 2009 through October 2015, all patients with AIS from 3 stroke centers in Shandong were included. Serum levels of adiponectin at admission were tested. The prognostic role of adiponectin to predict the MACCE and mortality within 3 years was evaluated by multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS This study included 4274 patients (median age 68 years [interquartile ranges {IQR}: 61-76]; 53.2% men). There were 794 deaths and 899 MACCE events. Higher serum levels of adiponectin on admission were found in patients with MACCE events and nonsurvivors (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). In multivariable models adjusted for factors that confirmed in the univariate model, elevated serum levels of adiponectin were associated with a higher risk of MACCE (Quartile[Q]4 vs. Q1, Hazard ratio[HR] = 4.95 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 3.03-7.06]) and mortality (Q4 vs. Q1, HR = 5.63 [95% CI 3.15-7.99]). Adiponectin improved the prognostic value of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) to predict MACCE (combined areas under the curve [AUC], 0.76; 95% CI 0.68-0.88; P = 0.001) and mortality (0.78[0.69-0.91]; P < 0.01). Subgroups analysis indicated that the prognostic role of adiponectin was more pronounced in women and patients with high levels of N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-pro BNP) (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Elevated serum levels of adiponectin were associated with a higher risk of MACCE and mortality independent of traditional risk factors in ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119, South Four Ring West Road, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Han-Cheng Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119, South Four Ring West Road, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Kun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianwei Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119, South Four Ring West Road, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China. .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China. .,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
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26
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He Y, Liu B, Yao P, Shao Y, Cheng Y, Zhao J, Wu J, Zhao ZW, Huang W, Christopher TA, Lopez B, Ma X, Cao Y. Adiponectin inhibits cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation‑induced apoptosis in brain by increasing autophagy involved in AdipoR1‑AMPK signaling. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:870-878. [PMID: 32468051 PMCID: PMC7339636 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that both apoptosis and autophagy contribute to global cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion (GCIR)‑induced neuronal death, which results from cardiac arrest (CA). However, the mechanism of how GCIR may affect the balance between apoptosis and autophagy resulting from CA remains to be elucidated. Additionally, the role of adiponectin (APN) in reversing the apoptosis and autophagy induced by GCIR following cardiac arrest‑cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA‑CPR) is unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate how GCIR affect the apoptosis and autophagy in response to CA and to clarify whether APN may alter the apoptosis and autophagy of neuronal death in GCIR‑injured brain post‑CA‑CPR. Using normal controls (Sham group) and two experimental groups [CA‑CPR‑induced GCIR injury (PCAS) group and exogenous treatment with adiponectin post‑CA‑CPR (APN group)], it was demonstrated that both apoptosis and autophagy were observed simultaneously in the brain subjected to GCIR, but apoptosis appeared to be more apparent. Exogenous administration of APN significantly reduced the formation of malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress and increased the expression of superoxide dismutase, an anti‑oxidative enzyme, resulting in the stimulation of autophagy, inhibition of apoptosis and reduced brain tissue injury (P<0.05 vs. PCAS). APN treatment increased the expression of APN receptor 1 (AdipR1) and the phosphorylation of AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK; Ser182) in brain tissues. In conclusion, GCIR induced apoptosis and inhibited autophagy, contributing to brain injury in CA‑CPR. By contrast, APN reduced the brain injury by reversing the changes of neuronal autophagy and apoptosis induced by GCIR. The possible mechanism might owe to its effects on the activation of AMPK after combining with AdipR1 on neurons, which suggests a novel intervention against GCIR injury in CA‑CPR conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong He
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Bofu Liu
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yao
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Shao
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yanwei Cheng
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Wu
- West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Wei Zhao
- West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Theodore A Christopher
- Emergency Medicine Department, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bernard Lopez
- Emergency Medicine Department, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Emergency Medicine Department, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Yu Cao
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Alaby Martins Ferreira Y, Claudia Pelissari Kravchychyn A, de Castro Ferreira Vicente S, Munhoz da Silveira Campos R, Tock L, Missae Oyama L, Tadeu Boldarine V, Cristina Landi Masquio D, Dâmaso AR. Influence of magnitude of weight loss on Adipo/lep ratio in adolescents with obesity undergoing multicomponent therapy. Cytokine 2020; 131:155111. [PMID: 32371378 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The expansion of adipose tissue increases leptin secretion associated with a reduction of adiponectin concentration, which negatively affects health of adolescents with obesity. This study aims to investigate the effects of non-intensive interdisciplinary therapy on cardiometabolic parameters including leptin, adiponectin and adiponectin/leptin ratio as a dependent manner on its magnitude of weight loss reduction. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-eight adolescents (14-19 y.o) were enrolled in an interdisciplinary therapy for 20 weeks. Body composition, biochemical parameters, leptin and adiponectin were measured at baseline and after therapy. The adolescents were divided into two groups according to the magnitude of total weight loss, less than 5% (<5%-n = 18) or greater than or equal to 5% (≥5%-n = 20). Leptin decreased in whole group after therapy, while adiponectin, and adiponectin/leptin ratio increased. Additionally, body composition was improved. Only the group who lost ≥5% of body weight could reduce the inflammatory state. CONCLUSION The interdisciplinary therapy contributes to improve cardiometabolic parameters that could be involved on inflammation in adolescents with obesity, this improvement occurred mainly when the weight loss is ≥5% of body weight. It could be a target for control the inflammatory process related to obesity in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Alaby Martins Ferreira
- Post Graduate Program of Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04020-050, Brazil.
| | - Ana Claudia Pelissari Kravchychyn
- Post Graduate Program of Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04020-050, Brazil
| | - Sofia de Castro Ferreira Vicente
- Post Graduate Program of Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04020-050, Brazil
| | - Raquel Munhoz da Silveira Campos
- Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos - SP, Brazil; Post Graduate Program of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos - SP, Brazil
| | - Lian Tock
- Physician and Guest Researcher of Post Graduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Post Graduate Program of Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04020-050, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023060, Brazil
| | - Valter Tadeu Boldarine
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023060, Brazil
| | | | - Ana R Dâmaso
- Post Graduate Program of Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04020-050, Brazil
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Ceccarelli G, Pinacchio C, Santinelli L, Adami PE, Borrazzo C, Cavallari EN, Vullo A, Innocenti GP, Mezzaroma I, Mastroianni CM, d’Ettorre G. Physical Activity and HIV: Effects on Fitness Status, Metabolism, Inflammation and Immune-Activation. AIDS Behav 2020; 24:1042-1050. [PMID: 31016505 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-019-02510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several studies evidenced that a sedentary lifestyle is related with higher levels of systemic inflammation and highlighted that physical activity can trigger anti-inflammatory effects. To evaluate the impact of self-prescribed physical activity on fitness status, metabolism, inflammation and immune-activation in people living with HIV, an interim analysis of the results of the clinical trial PRIMO (NCT03392805) was performed. Patients enrolled were divided in 2 groups on the basis of self-prescribed physical activity: a physically active group (self-prescribed physical activity) and a sedentary group. Physical fitness was evaluated by sport medicine specialists and related to nutritional status, anthropometric variables, adipokines levels (adiponectin, leptin, resistin), peripheral immune-activation (CD38, HLA-DR on CD4 and CD8), and plasma inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF-α). The physically active group had a better profile in anthropometric measures and aerobic fitness but did not show lower levels of immune-activation compared to sedentary group. Also serum IL-6, TNF-α, and adipokines levels showed no statistical differences. On the basis of these data, a regular self-organized physical activity seems useful to improve cardio-respiratory fitness, but unable to control HIV-related immune-activation.
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29
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Liu CH, Lee TH, Lin YS, Sung PS, Wei YC, Li YR. Pioglitazone and PPAR-γ modulating treatment in hypertensive and type 2 diabetic patients after ischemic stroke: a national cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:2. [PMID: 31910836 PMCID: PMC6945719 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) modulating treatment may have cardiovascular benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients after ischemic stroke (IS). However, whether there are additional benefits from intensive PPAR-γ modulating treatments in Asian patients with T2DM and hypertension (HTN) after IS remains unknown. Methods Between 2001 and 2013, patients admitted due to IS were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Patients with T2DM and HTN using angiotensin receptor blockers were further included. Eligible patients were divided into two groups: (1) pioglitazone and (2) non-pioglitazone oral anti-diabetic agent groups. Propensity score matching (1:2) was used to balance the distribution of baseline characteristics, stroke severity and medications. The primary outcome was recurrent IS. Subgroup analysis for recurrent IS in pioglitazone and/or telmisartan users, the trend of IS risks across different PPAR-γ intensity treatments, and dose-dependent outcomes across different pioglitazone possession ratios were further studied. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 and p < 0.1 for clinical outcomes and interaction of subgroup analyses, respectively. Results There were 3190 and 32,645 patients in the pioglitazone and non-pioglitazone groups. Patients of the pioglitazone group had a lower risk of recurrent IS (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval 0.84–0.99). Pioglitazone was also associated with reduced recurrent IS in patients who also used telmisartan (p for interaction = 0.071). A graded correlation was found a borderline significant trend between the intensity of PPAR-γ therapy and following IS (p = 0.076). The dose-dependent outcome also showed that a borderline significant trend that higher pioglitazone possession ratio was associated with a lower risk of recurrent IS (p = 0.068). Conclusions The current study suggests that the use of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetic and hypertensive IS patients is associated with fewer recurrent IS events in an Asian population. Concurrent telmisartan use or a higher pioglitazone possession ratio may have a trend of increased pleiotropic effects, which could possibly be related to higher PPAR-γ effects. Future studies are warranted to confirm or refute the clinical effects and the possible mechanism of more intensive PPAR-γ-modulating treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hung Liu
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Hai Lee
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Shan Sung
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Wei
- Department of Neurology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Rong Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 5, Fu-Hsing St, Kueishan, Taoyuan, 33333, Taiwan.
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30
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Haley MJ, White CS, Roberts D, O'Toole K, Cunningham CJ, Rivers-Auty J, O'Boyle C, Lane C, Heaney O, Allan SM, Lawrence CB. Stroke Induces Prolonged Changes in Lipid Metabolism, the Liver and Body Composition in Mice. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:837-850. [PMID: 31865538 PMCID: PMC7340675 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During recovery, stroke patients are at risk of developing long-term complications that impact quality of life, including changes in body weight and composition, depression and anxiety, as well as an increased risk of subsequent vascular events. The aetiologies and time-course of these post-stroke complications have not been extensively studied and are poorly understood. Therefore, we assessed long-term changes in body composition, metabolic markers and behaviour after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. These outcomes were also studied in the context of obesity, a common stroke co-morbidity proposed to protect against post-stroke weight loss in patients. We found that stroke induced long-term changes in body composition, characterised by a sustained loss of fat mass with a recovery of lean weight loss. These global changes in response to stroke were accompanied by an altered lipid profile (increased plasma free fatty acids and triglycerides) and increased adipokine release at 60 days. After stroke, the liver also showed histological changes indicative of liver damage and a decrease in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was observed. Stroke induced depression and anxiety-like behaviours in mice, illustrated by deficits in exploration, nest building and burrowing behaviours. When initial infarct volumes were matched between mice with and without comorbid obesity, these outcomes were not drastically altered. Overall, we found that stroke induced long-term changes in depressive/anxiety-like behaviours, and changes in plasma lipids, adipokines and the liver that may impact negatively on future vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Haley
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Claire S White
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Daisy Roberts
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Kelly O'Toole
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Catriona J Cunningham
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jack Rivers-Auty
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Conor O'Boyle
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Conor Lane
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Oliver Heaney
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Catherine B Lawrence
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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31
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Zhang H, Xing Y, Chang J, Wang L, An N, Tian C, Yuan M, Yang X, Shang H, Gao Y, Gao Y. Efficacy and Safety of NaoShuanTong Capsule in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1133. [PMID: 31680944 PMCID: PMC6797837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. The NaoShuanTong capsule (NSTC), a traditional Chinese patent medicine, has been extensively used in the treatment of stroke in China. However, the clinical efficacy and safety of this treatment has not been statistically and systematically verified by any comprehensive pooled analysis. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NSTC in the treatment of IS. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of NSTC in the treatment of IS conducted before September 2018 were retrieved from five databases, according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two investigators independently reviewed the included studies and extracted relevant data. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using criteria from the Cochrane Handbook, and analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 software. Results: Thirteen RCTs comprising a total of 1,360 participants were included in this study. NSTC was shown to significantly improve the overall response rate (OR = 3.04, 95% CI [1.76, 5.26], P < 0.00001), and neurological function (NSTC increased Modified Barthel Index (MD = 8.15, 95% CI [3.79, 12.52], P = 0.0005), Functional Independence Measure (MD = 29.61, 95% CI [10.11, 49.10], P = 0.003) and European Stroke Scale scores (MD = 8.51, 95% CI [7.00, 10.01], P = 0.03). In addition, NSTC significantly increased serum adiponectin level (MD = 0.66, 95% CI [0.23, 1.08], P = 0.002). Moreover, NSTC reduced atherosclerotic plaque area (MD = -2.24, 95% CI [-4.02, -0.46], P = 0.01) and intima-media thickness (MD = -0.09, 95% CI [-0.13, -0.05], P < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference between NSTC treatment and conventional therapy with respect to Fugl-Meyer Assessment score (MD = 10.59, 95% CI [-1.78, 22.96], P = 0.09) or Crouse score (MD = -0.78, 95% CI [-1.79, -0.22], P = 0.13). Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis showed that NSTC exhibits efficacy in the treatment of cerebral infarction. NSTC can improve the overall response rate and neurological function, increase blood adiponectin, reduce neurological deficits, and decrease atherosclerotic plaque area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingling Chang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Chinese Medicine Research Room of Encephalopathy Syndrome and Treatment of the State Administration of TCM People's Republic of China, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Na An
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengchen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongcai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Chinese Medicine Research Room of Encephalopathy Syndrome and Treatment of the State Administration of TCM People's Republic of China, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Chinese Medicine Research Room of Encephalopathy Syndrome and Treatment of the State Administration of TCM People's Republic of China, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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32
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Wang Z, Li B, Wang Y, Maimaitili A, Qin H, Dangmurenjiafu G, Wang S. The association between serum adiponectin and 3-month outcome after ischemic stroke. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:105. [PMID: 31412946 PMCID: PMC6694580 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although adiponectin is a major adipocytokine that affects the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases, its clinical significance in stroke remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of serum adiponectin levels on functional prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke. METHODS This was a prospective, observational cohort study. Consecutive first-ever ischemic stroke patients without any pre-morbid handicap admitted to our hospital were identified from December 2017 to December 2018. Serum concentration of adiponectin was routinely measured within the first 24 h after admission by a commercially available sandwich ELISA. Associations between adiponectin and either clinical severity at admission, poor outcomes or mortality at 3-month after admission were analyzed using logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The serum level of adiponectin was obtained in 227 patients with a median value of 7.0 μg/ml, which was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in those heathy control. Adiponectin levels were associated with moderate-to-high stroke, and risk increased by 12% (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.03-1.25; P = 0.002). Patients with a poor outcome and nonsurvivors had significantly increased adiponectin levels on admission (P < 0.001, all). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, adiponectin was an independent predictor of functional outcome and mortality, and risk increased by 24% (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.13-1.37; P < 0.001) and 31% (1.31 [1.18-1.46], P < 0.001), respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested that the patients with high serum adiponectin levels had a higher risk of death than those patients with low levels (log-rank test P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that high adiponectin is associated with stroke severity and support the hypothesis that adiponectin can be serve as a biomarker of poor outcome after stroke, independent of baseline variables. Trial registration ChiCTR-OPC-17013501. Retrospectively Registered 21 September 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fanyang Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fanyang Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Aisha Maimaitili
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Hu Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Geng Dangmurenjiafu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fanyang Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.
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Hu X, Hu C, Zhang C, Zhang M, Long S, Cao Z. Role of Adiponectin in prostate cancer. Int Braz J Urol 2019; 45:220-228. [PMID: 30648824 PMCID: PMC6541146 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2018.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as a chronic and excessive growth of adipose tissue. It has been associated with a high risk for development and progression of obesity-associated malignancies, while adipokines may mediate this association. Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived adipokines, with significant anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-proliferative properties. Plasma adiponectin levels are decreased in obese individuals, and this feature is closely correlated with development of several metabolic, immunological and neoplastic diseases. Recent studies have shown that prostate cancer patients have lower serum adiponectin levels and decreased expression of adiponectin receptors in tumor tissues, which suggests plasma adiponectin level is a risk factor for prostate cancer. Furthermore, exogenous adiponectin has exhibited therapeutic potential in animal models. In this review, we focus on the potential role of adiponectin and the underlying mechanism of adiponectin in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Exploring the signaling pathways linking adiponectin with tumorigenesis might provide a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Hu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Biosciences, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Cong Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Biosciences, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Caiping Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Biosciences, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Biosciences, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shiyin Long
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Biosciences, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhaohui Cao
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Biosciences, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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34
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Guo ZN, Guo WT, Liu J, Chang J, Ma H, Zhang P, Zhang FL, Han K, Hu HH, Jin H, Sun X, Simpson DM, Yang Y. Changes in cerebral autoregulation and blood biomarkers after remote ischemic preconditioning. Neurology 2019; 93:e8-e19. [PMID: 31142636 PMCID: PMC6659004 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) and various blood biomarkers in healthy adults. Methods A self-controlled interventional study was conducted. Serial measurements of dCA were performed at 7 time points (7, 9, and 11 am; 2, 5, and 8 pm, and 8 am on the next day) without or with RIPC, carried out at 7:20 to 8 am. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline (7 am) and 1 hour after RIPC, and blood biomarkers, including 5 neuroprotective factors and 25 inflammation-related biomarkers, were measured with a quantitative protein chip. Results Fifty participants were enrolled (age 34.54 ± 12.01 years, 22 men). Compared with the results on the day without RIPC, dCA was significantly increased at 6 hours after RIPC, and the increase was sustained for at least 24 hours. After RIPC, 2 neuroprotective factors (glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor-A) and 4 inflammation-related biomarkers (transforming growth factor-β1, leukemia inhibitory factor, matrix metallopeptidase-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1) were significantly elevated compared with their baseline levels. Conversely, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was significantly lower compared with its baseline level. Conclusions RIPC induces a sustained increase of dCA from 6 to at least 24 hours after treatment in healthy adults. In addition, several neuroprotective and inflammation-related blood biomarkers were differentially regulated shortly after RIPC. The increased dCA and altered blood biomarkers may collectively contribute to the beneficial effects of RIPC on cerebrovascular function. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02965547.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ni Guo
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Wei-Tong Guo
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Jia Liu
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Junlei Chang
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Hongyin Ma
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Peng Zhang
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Fu-Liang Zhang
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Ke Han
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Han-Hwa Hu
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Hang Jin
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Xin Sun
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - David Martin Simpson
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Yi Yang
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK.
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Ilhan N, Susam S, Canpolat O, Belhan O. The emerging role of leptin, Adiponectin and Visfatin in Ischemic/Hemorrhagic stroke. Br J Neurosurg 2019; 33:504-507. [PMID: 30892950 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2019.1578862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Adipose tissue acts as an active endocrine organ and may be involved in the biological mechanism of stroke. Adipokines can serve as key messenger of central energy and metabolic homeostasis and can contribute to the crosstalk between adipose tissue and brain. Recent research has offered vague data on the relationships between adipose tissue, adipokines, and vascular disorders. We aimed to investigate the clinical significance of serum leptin, adiponectin and visfatin levels and functional outcomes in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases. Methods: Thirty-five patients with acurte intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), 35 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 18 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. A sandwich ELISA was developed to measure the presence of serum adiponectin, leptin and visfatin levels. Results: Serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, leptin, visfatin levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher and serum adiponectin levels were lower in patients at admission compared with healthy volunteers. Conclusion: According to the novel study, it was suggested that elevated serum leptin as well as visfatin and decreased adiponectin levels may be a sign of cerebrovascular disease and as part of the response occurring in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Ilhan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig , Turkey
| | - Solmaz Susam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig , Turkey
| | - Omer Canpolat
- Department of Emergency, Elazig Education and Research Hospital , Elazig , Turkey
| | - Oktay Belhan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig , Turkey
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Zhang WF, Jin YC, Li XM, Yang Z, Wang D, Cui JJ. Protective effects of leptin against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3282-3290. [PMID: 30988703 PMCID: PMC6447799 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the use of thrombolytic therapy for treating ischemia/reperfusion injury has resulted in damage to the self-regulatory mechanisms of the brain. This is due to the increased production of free radicals, excitatory amino acids and pro-inflammatory cytokines causing secondary damage to the brain. Simple thrombolytic therapy has not been the best approach for treating ischemia/reperfusion injury. Excessive perfusion leads to failure of the body's self-regulatory functions, which in turn increases the area of cerebral edema and aggravates cerebral ischemia. Previous studies have evaluated the satiety hormone leptin as a link between energy expenditure and obesity. Of note, leptin, which is involved in brain development, synaptic transmission and angiogenesis following ischemia/reperfusion injury, has been considered an important factor for treating ischemia/reperfusion injury. The present review outlines the discovery of leptin and discusses its association with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Chuan Jin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Cui
- Department of Medical Affairs, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
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Liu G, Dong M, Ma S, Fu L, Xiao Y, Zhong L, Geng J. Serum leptin is associated with first-ever ischemic stroke, lesion size and stroke severity in a Chinese cohort. Neurol Res 2018; 41:125-131. [PMID: 30433860 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1544399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leptin may be associated with cardiovascular disease. We tested to determine whether leptin is a marker for first-ever acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in a nested case-referent study. METHODS Consecutive patients with first-ever AIS from May 2017 to December 2017 were included. Referents were matched for sex, age and body mass index. Serum leptin levels and routine tests were examined in both groups. RESULTS The median serum level of leptin in the stroke patients was 14.3 (interquartile range [IQR], 7.2-21.7) ng/ml, which was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in the referents (10.7; 5.7-13.6 ng/ml). There was a positive correlation between serum level of leptin and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score (r[Spearman] = 0.43, P < 0.001). In addition, serum leptin levels paralleled lesion size. Median serum level of leptin in patients with small lesions, medium lesions and large lesions was 7.3 (IQR, 5.3-14.3) ng/ml, 13.9 (IQR, 7.0-21.3) ng/ml, 20.5 (IQR, 12.4-32.7) ng/ml, respectively (analysis of variance: P < 0.001). In the univariate model matching for sex and age, leptin as a continuous variable was associated with AIS, after adjustment for possible confounders (odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.11; P < 0.001). After adjusting for all other factors, leptin remained an independent stroke predictor with an adjusted OR of 1.03 (95% CI, 1.00-1.10; P = 0.006). Interestingly, the association between AIS and leptin level was more pronounced among men (adjusted OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12; P < 0.001) when compared with women (adjusted OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.10-1.11; P = 0.009). CONCLUSION Serum leptin is associated with first-ever AIS, lesion size and stroke severity in a Chinese cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyi Liu
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , PR China
| | - Minna Dong
- b Department of Emergency , The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , PR China
| | - Shu Ma
- c Department of Neurology , Kunming General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army , Kunming , PR China
| | - Liyan Fu
- c Department of Neurology , Kunming General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army , Kunming , PR China
| | - Yun Xiao
- d Care Unit Department of Intensive , Yunnan Cancer Hospital & The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University & Yunnan Cancer Center , Kunming , PR China
| | - Lianmei Zhong
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , PR China
| | - Jia Geng
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , PR China
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Evaluation of serum retinol-binding protein-4 levels as a biomarker of poor short-term prognosis in ischemic stroke. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180786. [PMID: 30038059 PMCID: PMC6131228 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the relationship between retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels and short-term functional outcome, and to determine its possible role in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). In a prospective observational study, 299 first-ever AIS who were admitted to our hospital were included. Serum levels of RBP4 were assayed and severity of stroke was evaluated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission. The prognostic value of RBP4 to predict the poor outcome within 3 months was compared with the NIHSS and with other known outcome predictors. The median age of the included patients was 66 (interquartile range (IQR): 55-77) years and 155 (51.8%) were women. A poor functional outcome was found in 88 patients (29.4%), and significantly higher RBP4 values were found in poor outcomes rather than good outcomes patients (P<0.001). The poor outcomes distribution across the RBP4 quartiles ranged between 9.3% (first quartile) and 60.8% (fourth quartile). In multivariate models comparing the second(Q2), third, and fourth quartiles against the first quartile of the RBP4, RBP4 in Q3 and Q4 were associated with poor functional outcome, and increased risk of poor functional outcome by 144% (OR: 2.44; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22-5.03) and 602% (7.02; 3.11-12.24), respectively. Interestingly, RBP4 improved the NIHSS score (area under the curve (AUC) of the combined model, 0.79; 95% CI: 0.74-0.85; P<0.001). The data showed that elevated serum levels of RBP4 at admission were associated with severity and prognosis of AIS, suggesting that vitamin A metabolism or impaired insulin signaling could be involved.
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Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M. Leptin, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1176-1188. [PMID: 29877321 PMCID: PMC6289384 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin, an adipokine that is implicated in the control of food intake via appetite suppression, may also stimulate oxidative stress, inflammation, thrombosis, arterial stiffness, angiogenesis and atherogenesis. These leptin-induced effects may predispose to the development of cardiovascular diseases. In the present review we discuss the evidence linking leptin levels with the presence, severity and/or prognosis of both coronary artery disease and non-cardiac vascular diseases such as stroke, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease (PAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) as well as with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Leptin levels have been positively associated with the presence, severity, extent and lesion complexity of coronary atherosclerosis as well as with the presence, severity and poor clinical outcomes of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. But conflicting results also exist. Furthermore, leptin was reported to independently predict common carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque instability. A link between hyperleptinemia and PAD has been reported, whereas limited data were available on the potential association between leptin and AAA. Elevated leptin concentrations have also been related to CKD incidence and progression as well as with insulin resistance, T2DM, micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications. Statins and antidiabetic drugs (including sitagliptin, metformin, pioglitazone, liraglutide and empagliflozin) may affect leptin levels. Further research is needed to establish the potential use (if any) of leptin as a therapeutic target in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Luque-Sierra A, Alvarez-Amor L, Kleemann R, Martín F, Varela LM. Extra-Virgin Olive Oil with Natural Phenolic Content Exerts an Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Adipose Tissue and Attenuates the Severity of Atherosclerotic Lesions in Ldlr-/-.Leiden Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800295. [PMID: 29763526 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The present study investigates the effect of olive oils with different phenolic content in high-fat diets (HFDs) on hypertrophy and inflammation in adipose tissue and associated atherosclerosis, in the context of obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice were fed three different HFDs for 32 weeks and were compared with mice fed the standard low-fat diet (LFD). The different fats provided in the HFDs were lard (HFD-L), extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO; 79 mg kg-1 of phenolic compounds, HFD-EVOO), or EVOO rich in phenolic compounds (OL, 444 mg kg-1 of phenolic compounds, HFD-OL). All HFD-fed mice became obese, but only HFD-L-induced adipocyte hypertrophy. HFD-EVOO mice exhibited the greatest levels of Adiponectin in adipose tissue and presented atherosclerotic lesions similar to the LFD group, with a very low count of monocyte/macrophage compared with HFD-L and HFD-OL mice. Enrichment of the phenolic content of olive oil reduced the secretion of nitrites/nitrates in the aorta, but atherosclerosis was not attenuated in HFD-OL mice compared to other HFD mice. CONCLUSION Consumption of olive oil with a natural content of phenolic compounds attenuates adipose tissue hypertrophy and inflammation and exerts antiatherosclerotic effects in mice. A higher phenolic content of olive oil did not provide further benefits in the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Luque-Sierra
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Sevilla-CSIC, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | - Leticia Alvarez-Amor
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Sevilla-CSIC, Seville, 41092, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, 2301 CE, The Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Franz Martín
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Sevilla-CSIC, Seville, 41092, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Lourdes M Varela
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Sevilla-CSIC, Seville, 41092, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Adiponectin is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiatherogenic, pro-angiogenic, vasoprotective and insulin-sensitizing properties. Several factors may influence adiponectin levels, such as genetic polymorphisms, obesity / body fat distribution, diet and exercise as well as cardiovascular risk factors such as sleep deprivation and smoking as well as medications. Adiponectin has been proposed as a potential prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target in patients with cardiometabolic diseases. RECENT FINDINGS This narrative review discusses the associations of adiponectin with obesity-related metabolic disorders (metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperuricaemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus). We also focus on the links between adiponectin and lipid disorders and with coronary heart disease and noncardiac vascular diseases (i.e. stroke, peripheral artery disease, carotid artery disease, atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, abdominal aortic aneurysms and chronic kidney disease). Further, the effects of lifestyle interventions and drug therapy on adiponectin levels are briefly reviewed. SUMMARY Based on available data, adiponectin represents a multifaceted biomarker that may beneficially affect atherosclerosis, inflammation and insulin resistance pathways. However, there are conflicting results with regard to the associations between adiponectin levels and the prevalence and outcomes of cardiometabolic diseases. Further research on the potential clinical implications of adiponectin in the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- aSecond Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece bDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA cDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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