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Salehiyeh S, Faiz AF, Manzourolhojeh M, Bagheri AM, Lorian K. The functions of hydrogen sulfide on the urogenital system of both males and females: from inception to the present. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03086-8. [PMID: 38689070 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is known as a chemical gas in nature with both enzymatic and non-enzymatic biosynthesis in different human organs. A couple of studies have demonstrated the function of H2S in regulating the homeostasis of the human body. Additionally, they have shown its synthesis, measurement, chemistry, protective effects, and interaction in various aspects of scientific evidence. Furthermore, many researches have demonstrated the beneficial impacts of H2S on genital organs and systems. According to various studies, it is recognized that H2S-producing enzymes and the endogenous production of H2S are expressed in male and female reproductive systems in different mammalian species. The main goal of this comprehensive review is to assess the potential therapeutic impacts of this gasotransmitter in the male and female urogenital system and find underlying mechanisms of this agent. This narrative review investigated the articles that were published from the 1970s to 2022. The review's primary focus is the impacts of H2S on the male and female urogenital system. Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, and Google scholar databases were searched. Keywords used in this review were "Hydrogen sulfide," "H2S," "urogenital system," and "urogenital tract". Numerous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic and protective effects of sodium hydrosulfide (Na-HS) as an H2S donor on male and female infertility disorders. Furthermore, it has been observed that H2S plays a significant role in improving different diseases such as ameliorating sperm parameters. The specific localization of H2S enzymes in the urogenital system provides an excellent opportunity to comprehend its function and role in various disorders related to this system. It is noteworthy that H2S has been demonstrated to be produced in endocrine organs and exhibit diverse activities. Moreover, it is important to recognize that alterations in H2S biosynthesis are closely linked to endocrine disorders. Therefore, hormones can be pivotal in regulating H2S production, and H2S synthesis pathways may aid in establishing novel therapeutic strategies. H2S possesses pharmacological effects on essential disorders, such as anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-oxidant activities, which render it a valuable therapeutic agent for human urogenital disease. Furthermore, this agent shows promise in ameliorating the detrimental effects of various male and female diseases. Despite the limited clinical research, studies have demonstrated that applying H2S as an anti-oxidant source could ameliorate adverse effects of different conditions in the urogenital system. More clinical studies are required to confirm the role of this component in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Salehiyeh
- Andrology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ahmad Faisal Faiz
- Department of Paraclinic, School of Medicine, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan
| | - Mohammad Manzourolhojeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Bagheri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi university of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Keivan Lorian
- Andrology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Hamidizad Z, Kadkhodaee M, Kianian F, Ranjbaran M, Seifi B. The effects of CORM3 or NaHS on the oxidative stress caused by chronic kidney disease in rats: potential interaction between CO and H 2S signaling pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2653-2664. [PMID: 37695421 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01264-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity is implicated as a severe complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Accumulation of urea and other toxic compounds leads to oxidative stress, inflammation and destruction of the blood-brain barrier. Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative properties. The aims of the present study were evaluated the protective effects of CO-releasing molecule (CORM3) and H2S donor (NaHS) on oxidative stress and neuronal death induced by CKD in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex by considering interaction between CO and H2S on CBS expression. CORM3 or NaHS significantly compensated deficits in the antioxidant defense mechanisms, suppressed lipid peroxidation and reduced neuronal death in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and improvement the markers of renal injury that induced by CKD. In addition, CORM3 or NaHS significantly improved CBS expression which were reduced by CKD. However, improving effects of CORM3 on antioxidant defense mechanisms, lipid peroxidation, neuronal death, renal injury and CBS expression were prevented by amino-oxy acetic acid (AOAA) (CBS inhibitor) and reciprocally improving effects of NaHS on all above indices were prevented by zinc protoporphyrin IX (Znpp) (HO-1 inhibitor). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that formation of CO and H2S were interdependently improved CKD-induced oxidative stress and neuronal death, which is may be through increased expression of CBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Hamidizad
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Kadkhodaee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Kianian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Ranjbaran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behjat Seifi
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Arrigo E, Comità S, Pagliaro P, Penna C, Mancardi D. Clinical Applications for Gasotransmitters in the Cardiovascular System: Are We There Yet? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12480. [PMID: 37569855 PMCID: PMC10419417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia is the underlying mechanism in a wide variety of acute and persistent pathologies. As such, understanding the fine intracellular events occurring during (and after) the restriction of blood supply is pivotal to improving the outcomes in clinical settings. Among others, gaseous signaling molecules constitutively produced by mammalian cells (gasotransmitters) have been shown to be of potential interest for clinical treatment of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Nitric oxide (NO and its sibling, HNO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and carbon monoxide (CO) have long been proven to be cytoprotective in basic science experiments, and they are now awaiting confirmation with clinical trials. The aim of this work is to review the literature and the clinical trials database to address the state of development of potential therapeutic applications for NO, H2S, and CO and the clinical scenarios where they are more promising.
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Potential effects of carbon monoxide donor and its nanoparticles on experimentally induced gastric ulcer in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1495-1510. [PMID: 36882659 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of gastric ulcers is increasing worldwide, especially those brought on by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), so prevention is extremely crucial. The protective potential of carbon monoxide (CO) in several inflammatory disorders has been clarified. The goal of the current study was to investigate the gastroprotective effect of CO produced by its pharmacological donor (CORM2) and its nanoparticles (NPs) against indomethacin (INDO)-induced ulcers. Investigations on CORM2's dose-dependent effects were also conducted. For induction of gastric ulcer, 100 mg kg-1 of INDO was given orally. Before ulcer induction, CORM2 (5, 10, and 15 mg kg-1), CORM2 nanoparticles (5 mg kg-1), or ranitidine (30 mg kg-1) were given intraperitoneally for 7 days. Ulcer score, gastric acidity, gastric contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) blood content were estimated. Additionally, gene expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and immunohistochemical staining of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were analyzed. Results demonstrated a substantial dose-dependent decrease in ulcer score, pro-inflammatory indicators, and oxidative stress markers with CORM2 and its NPs. Furthermore, CORM2 and its NPs markedly increased NRF2, COX-1, and HO-1, but CORM2 NPs outperformed CORM2 in this regard. In conclusion, the CO released by CORM2 can protect against INDO-induced gastric ulcers dose dependently, and the highest used dose had no effect on COHb concentration.
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Water-Soluble Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules (CORMs). Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 381:3. [PMID: 36515756 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) are promising candidates for producing carbon monoxide in the mammalian body for therapeutic purposes. At higher concentrations, CO has a harmful effect on the mammalian organism. However, lower doses at a controlled rate can provide cellular signaling for mandatory pharmacokinetic and pathological activities. To date, exploring the therapeutic implications of CO dose as a prodrug has attracted much attention due to its therapeutic significance. There are two different methods of CO insertion, i.e., indirect and direct exogenous insertion. Indirect exogenous insertion of CO suggests an advantage of reduced toxicity over direct exogenous insertion. For indirect exogenous insertion, researchers are facing the issue of tissue selectivity. To solve this issue, developers have considered the newly produced CORMs. Herein, metal carbonyl complexes (MCCs) are covalently linked with CO molecules to produce different CORMs such as CORM-1, CORM-2, and CORM-3, etc. All these CORMs required exogenous CO insertion to achieve the therapeutic targets at the optimized rate under peculiar conditions or/and triggering. Meanwhile, the metal residue was generated from i-CORMs, which can propagate toxicity. Herein, we explain CO administration, water-soluble CORMs, tissue accumulation, and cytotoxicity of depleted CORMs and the kinetic profile of CO release.
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Therapeutic effects of CORM3 and NaHS in chronic kidney disease induced cognitive impairment via the interaction between carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide on Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Okuda C, Sakai H. Effect of carbon monoxide administration using haemoglobin-vesicles on the hippocampal tissue. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 50:1-9. [PMID: 35084281 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2027428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic gas that causes neuropathy. However, CO is endogenously produced in small amounts showing various beneficial effects. We hypothesized that CO-bound haemoglobin-vesicle (HbV) administration would reduce cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury without causing neuropathy. Three experiments were conducted. First, rats were exposed to CO inhalation to create a CO-poisoning group, and they were sacrificed on 0, 7, 14, and 21 days after CO exposure. Histopathologically, hippocampal damage was prominent at 14 days. Second, the rats were administered with CO-HbV equivalent to 50 or 25% of circulating blood volume (CO-HbV50 or CO-HbV25 group). Rats were sacrificed 14 days after administration. Third, rats put into haemorrhagic shock by 50% of circulating blood withdrawal were resuscitated using saline, autologous blood, and CO-HbV. They were sacrificed 14 days after resuscitation. Hippocampal damage assessment clarified that almost no necrotic cells were observed in the CO-HbV50 group. Necrotic cells in the CO-HbV25 group were comparable to those found for the control group. In rats resuscitated from haemorrhagic shock, the hippocampal damage in the group using CO-HbV was the mildest. Administration of CO-HbV did not lead to marked hippocampal damage. Furthermore, CO-HbV was effective at preventing cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury after haemorrhagic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Okuda
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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8
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Glanville JRW, Jalali P, Flint JD, Patel AA, Maini AA, Wallace JL, Hosin AA, Gilroy DW. Potent anti-inflammatory effects of an H 2 S-releasing naproxen (ATB-346) in a human model of inflammation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21913. [PMID: 34555204 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902918rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
ATB-346 is a hydrogen sulfide-releasing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (H2 S-NSAID) derived from naproxen, which in preclinical studies has been shown to have markedly reduced gastrointestinal adverse effects. However, its anti-inflammatory properties in humans compared to naproxen are yet to be confirmed. To test this, we used a dermal model of acute inflammation in healthy, human volunteers, triggered by ultraviolet-killed Escherichia coli. This robust model allows quantification of the cardinal signs of inflammation along with cellular and humoral factors accumulating within the inflamed skin. ATB-346 was non-inferior to naproxen in terms of its inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity as well as pain and tenderness. ATB-346 significantly inhibited neutrophil infiltration at the site of inflammation at 4 h, compared to untreated controls. Subjects treated with ATB-346 also experienced significantly reduced pain and tenderness compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, both classical and intermediate monocyte subsets infiltrating the site of inflammation at 48 h expressed significantly lower levels of CD14 compared to untreated controls, demonstrating a shift toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Collectively, we have shown for the first time in humans that ATB-346 is potently anti-inflammatory and propose that ATB-346 represents the next generation of H2 S-NSAIDs, as a viable alternative to conventional NSAIDs, with reduced adverse effects profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R W Glanville
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Parinaaz Jalali
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julia D Flint
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amit A Patel
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander A Maini
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ali A Hosin
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Derek W Gilroy
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College London, London, UK
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Fei W, Zhang M, Fan X, Ye Y, Zhao M, Zheng C, Li Y, Zheng X. Engineering of bioactive metal sulfide nanomaterials for cancer therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:93. [PMID: 33789653 PMCID: PMC8011210 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal sulfide nanomaterials (MeSNs) are a novel class of metal-containing nanomaterials composed of metal ions and sulfur compounds. During the past decade, scientists found that the MeSNs engineered by specific approaches not only had high biocompatibility but also exhibited unique physicochemical properties for cancer therapy, such as Fenton catalysis, light conversion, radiation enhancement, and immune activation. To clarify the development and promote the clinical transformation of MeSNs, the first section of this paper describes the appropriate fabrication approaches of MeSNs for medical science and analyzes the features and limitations of each approach. Secondly, we sort out the mechanisms of functional MeSNs in cancer therapy, including drug delivery, phototherapy, radiotherapy, chemodynamic therapy, gas therapy, and immunotherapy. It is worth noting that the intact MeSNs and the degradation products of MeSNs can exert different types of anti-tumor activities. Thus, MeSNs usually exhibit synergistic antitumor properties. Finally, future expectations and challenges of MeSNs in the research of translational medicine are spotlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Yiqing Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Mengdan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health Research of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Xiaoling Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Yang PM, Cheng KC, Yuan SH, Wung BS. Carbon monoxide‑releasing molecules protect against blue light exposure and inflammation in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1096-1106. [PMID: 32582966 PMCID: PMC7387094 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common cause of vision loss among the elderly is age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs), and their ability to activate the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-related genes in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, as well as the inhibition of endothelial cell migration. It was first determined that CORM2 and CORM3 suppressed blue light-induced cell damage. In addition, a decrease in the level of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 protein and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential were considered to reflect the anti-apoptotic activity of CORMs. Furthermore, CORM2 induced Nrf-2 activation and the expression of the Nrf2-related genes heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase. Pretreatment with CORM2 abolished the blue light-induced increase in oxidative stress, suggesting that CORM2-induced antioxidant activity was involved in the cytoprotection against blue light. It was also demonstrated that CORMs markedly suppressed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. Moreover, it was further observed that CORMs exert their inhibitory effects through blocking nuclear factor-κB/p65 nuclear translocation and IκBα degradation in TNFα-treated RPE cells. It was observed that CORM2, but not CORM3, protected against oxidative stress-induced cell damage. CORMs abolished vascular endothelial growth factor-induced migration of endothelial cells. The findings of the present study demonstrated the cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of CORMs on RPE cells and anti-angiogenic effects on endothelial cells, suggesting the potential clinical application of CORMs as anti-AMD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Min Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao‑kang Hospital, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shao-Ho Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Being-Sun Wung
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Wang G, Cen D, Ren Z, Wang Y, Cai X, Chen X, Li X, Best S, Han G. Zinc sulfide nanoparticle-decorated fibre mesh to enable localized H 2S-amplified chemotherapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4304-4307. [PMID: 32186550 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00763c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, we report the design and fabrication of a ZnS nanoparticle-decorated silica fibre mesh (ZnS@SiO2) for localized H2S-amplified chemotherapy. With incorporation of DOX, implanted ZnS@SiO2 fibres enable sufficient on-site drug dosage and intracellular H2S content, inducing significant in vitro and in vivo tumour inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, China.
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12
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Adach W, Błaszczyk M, Olas B. Carbon monoxide and its donors - Chemical and biological properties. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 318:108973. [PMID: 32035862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an inorganic chemical compound that can bind with hemoglobin with highly toxic effects. In living organisms, it is produced endogenously during the degradation of heme by oxygenase, which occurs in three isoforms: HO-1, HO-2 and HO-3. CO can play an important role in the regulation of many physiological functions. Carbon Oxide Releasing Molecules (CORMs) are a novel group of chemical compounds capable of controlled CO release directly in tissues or organs. This release depends on concentration, pH, solvent type and temperature. The biological role and the therapeutic potential of different CORMs is not always well demonstrated. However, this mini review summarizes the various function of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Adach
- University of Lodz, Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Błaszczyk
- University of Lodz, Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Olas
- University of Lodz, Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
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Faizan M, Muhammad N, Niazi KUK, Hu Y, Wang Y, Wu Y, Sun H, Liu R, Dong W, Zhang W, Gao Z. CO-Releasing Materials: An Emphasis on Therapeutic Implications, as Release and Subsequent Cytotoxicity Are the Part of Therapy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1643. [PMID: 31137526 PMCID: PMC6566563 DOI: 10.3390/ma12101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The CO-releasing materials (CORMats) are used as substances for producing CO molecules for therapeutic purposes. Carbon monoxide (CO) imparts toxic effects to biological organisms at higher concentration. If this characteristic is utilized in a controlled manner, it can act as a cell-signaling agent for important pathological and pharmacokinetic functions; hence offering many new applications and treatments. Recently, research on therapeutic applications using the CO treatment has gained much attention due to its nontoxic nature, and its injection into the human body using several conjugate systems. Mainly, there are two types of CO insertion techniques into the human body, i.e., direct and indirect CO insertion. Indirect CO insertion offers an advantage of avoiding toxicity as compared to direct CO insertion. For the indirect CO inhalation method, developers are facing certain problems, such as its inability to achieve the specific cellular targets and how to control the dosage of CO. To address these issues, researchers have adopted alternative strategies regarded as CO-releasing molecules (CORMs). CO is covalently attached with metal carbonyl complexes (MCCs), which generate various CORMs such as CORM-1, CORM-2, CORM-3, ALF492, CORM-A1 and ALF186. When these molecules are inserted into the human body, CO is released from these compounds at a controlled rate under certain conditions or/and triggers. Such reactions are helpful in achieving cellular level targets with a controlled release of the CO amount. However on the other hand, CORMs also produce a metal residue (termed as i-CORMs) upon degradation that can initiate harmful toxic activity inside the body. To improve the performance of the CO precursor with the restricted development of i-CORMs, several new CORMats have been developed such as micellization, peptide, vitamins, MOFs, polymerization, nanoparticles, protein, metallodendrimer, nanosheet and nanodiamond, etc. In this review article, we shall describe modern ways of CO administration; focusing primarily on exclusive features of CORM's tissue accumulations and their toxicities. This report also elaborates on the kinetic profile of the CO gas. The comprehension of developmental phases of CORMats shall be useful for exploring the ideal CO therapeutic drugs in the future of medical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faizan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Niaz Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | | | - Yongxia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Ya Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Huaming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Wensheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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14
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A gentle introduction to gasotransmitters with special reference to nitric oxide: biological and chemical implications. REV INORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2018-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are gaseous molecules of major impact in biology. Despite their toxicity, these molecules have profound effects on mammalian physiology and major implications in therapeutics. At tiny concentrations in human biology, they play key signaling and regulatory functions and hence are now labeled as “gasotransmitters.” In this literature survey, an introduction to gasotransmitters in relevance with NO, CO and H2S has been primarily focused. A special attention has been given to the conjoint physiological, pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects of NO in this work. In addition to the aforementioned elements of the investigation being reported, this report gives a detailed account of some of the recent advancements covering the NO release from both the nitro as well as nitroso compounds. The importance of the metallic center on the eve of producing the reduction center on NO and to develop photolabile properties have been elaborated within the effect of a few examples of metallic centers. Also, theoretical investigations that have been reported in the recent past and some other current theories pertaining to NO chemistry have been enlightened in this review. From the overall study, it is eminent that a number of facts are yet to be explored in context with NO for deeper mechanistic insights, model design for these molecules, other key roles and the search to find the best fit formalism in theoretical chemistry.
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Mir JM, Maurya RC. A new Ru(II) carbonyl complex of 2-benzoylpyridine: medicinal and material evaluation at the computational–experimental convergence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/22243682.2018.1442743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mohammad Mir
- Coordination, Bioinorganic and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of P. G. Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, R. D. University, Jabalpur, India
| | - Ram Charitra Maurya
- Coordination, Bioinorganic and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of P. G. Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, R. D. University, Jabalpur, India
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Sarukhani M, Haghdoost-Yazdi H, Sarbazi Golezari A, Babayan-Tazehkand A, Dargahi T, Rastgoo N. Evaluation of the antiparkinsonism and neuroprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide in acute 6-hydroxydopamine-induced animal model of Parkinson’s disease: behavioral, histological and biochemical studies. Neurol Res 2018; 40:523-531. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1390903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sarukhani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hashem Haghdoost-Yazdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | | | - Tahere Dargahi
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Rastgoo
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Üstün E, Özgür A, Coşkun KA, Demir S, Özdemir İ, Tutar Y. CO-releasing properties and anticancer activities of manganese complexes with imidazole/benzimidazole ligands. J COORD CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2016.1231921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elvan Üstün
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Aykut Özgür
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Kübra A. Coşkun
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Serpil Demir
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - İsmail Özdemir
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Tutar
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Nobre LS, Jeremias H, Romão CC, Saraiva LM. Examining the antimicrobial activity and toxicity to animal cells of different types of CO-releasing molecules. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:1455-66. [PMID: 26673556 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02238j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal carbonyl complexes used as CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) for biological and therapeutic applications may exhibit interesting antimicrobial activity. However, understanding the chemical traits and mechanisms of action that rule this activity is required to establish a rationale for the development of CORMs into useful antibiotics. In this work the bactericidal activity, the toxicity to eukaryotic cells, and the ability of CORMs to deliver CO to bacterial and eukaryotic cells were analysed for a set of seven CORMs that differ in the transition metal, ancillary ligands and the CO release profile. Most of these CORMs exhibited bactericidal properties that decrease in the following order: CORM-2 > CORM-3 > ALF062 > ALF850 > ALF186 > ALF153 > [Fe(SBPy3)(CO)](BF4)2. A similar yet not entirely coincident decreasing order was found for their induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in E. coli. In contrast, studies in model animal cells showed that for any given CORM, the level of intracellular ROS generated was negligible when compared with that measured inside bacteria. Importantly, these CORMs were in general not toxic to eukaryotic cells, namely murine macrophages, kidney LLC-PK1 epithelial cells, and liver cell line HepG2. CORM-2 and CORM-3 delivered CO to the intracellular space of both E. coli and the two types of tested eukaryotic cells, yet toxicity was only elicited in the case of E. coli. CO delivered by ALF186 into the intercellular space did not enter E. coli cells and the compound was not toxic to either bacteria or to eukaryotic cells. The Fe(ii) carbonyl complex [Fe(SBPy3)(CO)](2+) had the reverse, undesirable toxicity profile, being unexpectedly toxic to eukaryotic cells and non-toxic to E. coli. ALF153, the most stable complex in the whole set, was essentially devoid of toxicity or ROS induction ability in all cells. These results suggest that CORMs have a relevant therapeutic potential as antimicrobial drugs since (i) they can show opposite toxicity profiles towards bacteria and eukaryotic cells; (ii) their activity can be modulated through manipulation of the ancillary ligands, as shown with the three {Ru(CO)3}(2+) and two zerovalent Mo based CORMs; and (iii) their toxicity to eukaryotic cells can be made acceptably low. With this new approach, this work contributes to the understanding of the roots of the bactericidal action of CORMs and helps in establishing strategies for their development into a new class of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia S Nobre
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República (EAN), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Hélia Jeremias
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República (EAN), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Carlos C Romão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República (EAN), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Lígia M Saraiva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República (EAN), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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R Oliveira S, Queiroga CSF, Vieira HLA. Mitochondria and carbon monoxide: cytoprotection and control of cell metabolism - a role for Ca(2+) ? J Physiol 2016; 594:4131-8. [PMID: 26377343 PMCID: PMC4967755 DOI: 10.1113/jp270955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously produced gasotransmitter with important biological functions: anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, vasomodulation and cell metabolism modulation. The most recognized cellular target for CO is the mitochondria. Physiological concentrations of CO generate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are signalling molecules for CO-induced pathways. Indeed, small amounts of ROS promote cytoprotection by a preconditioning effect. Furthermore, CO prevents cell death by limiting mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, which inhibits the release of pro-apoptotic factors into the cytosol; both events are ROS dependent. CO also increases the ability of mitochondria to take up Ca(2+) . Mitochondrial metabolism is modulated by CO, namely by increasing TCA cycle rate, oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial biogenesis, which, in turn, increases ATP production. CO's modulation of metabolism might be important for cellular response to diseases, namely cancer and ischaemic diseases. Finally, another cytoprotective role of CO involves the control of Ca(2+) channels. By limiting the activity of T-type and L-type Ca(2+) channels, CO prevents excitotoxicity-induced cell death and modulates cell proliferation. Several questions concerning Ca(2+) signalling, mitochondria and CO can be asked, for instance whether CO modulation of cell metabolism would be dependent on the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake capacity, since small amounts of Ca(2+) can increase mitochondrial metabolism. Whether CO controls Ca(2+) communication between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum is another open field of research. In summary, CO emerges as a key gasotransmitter in the control of several cellular functions of mitochondria: metabolism, cell death and Ca(2+) signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Oliveira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia S F Queiroga
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena L A Vieira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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Oleskin AV, Shenderov BA. Neuromodulatory effects and targets of the SCFAs and gasotransmitters produced by the human symbiotic microbiota. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2016; 27:30971. [PMID: 27389418 PMCID: PMC4937721 DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v27.30971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The symbiotic gut microbiota plays an important role in the development and homeostasis of the host organism. Its physiological, biochemical, behavioral, and communicative effects are mediated by multiple low molecular weight compounds. Recent data on small molecules produced by gut microbiota in mammalian organisms demonstrate the paramount importance of these biologically active molecules in terms of biology and medicine. Many of these molecules are pleiotropic mediators exerting effects on various tissues and organs. This review is focused on the functional roles of gaseous molecules that perform neuromediator and/or endocrine functions. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the effects of microbial fermentation-derived gaseous metabolites are not well understood. It is possible that these metabolites produce their effects via immunological, biochemical, and neuroendocrine mechanisms that involve endogenous and microbial modulators and transmitters; of considerable importance are also changes in epigenetic transcriptional factors, protein post-translational modification, lipid and mitochondrial metabolism, redox signaling, and ion channel/gap junction/transporter regulation. Recent findings have revealed that interactivity among such modulators/transmitters is a prerequisite for the ongoing dialog between microbial cells and host cells, including neurons. Using simple reliable methods for the detection and measurement of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and small gaseous molecules in eukaryotic tissues and prokaryotic cells, selective inhibitors of enzymes that participate in their synthesis, as well as safe chemical and microbial donors of pleiotropic mediators and modulators of host intestinal microbial ecology, should enable us to apply these chemicals as novel therapeutics and medical research tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Oleskin
- General Ecology Department, Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris A Shenderov
- Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology after G.N. Gabrichevsky, Moscow, Russia; ;
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21
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Kautz AC, Kunz PC, Janiak C. CO-releasing molecule (CORM) conjugate systems. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:18045-18063. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To try to advance CORMs toward medical applications, they are covalently bound to peptides, polymers, nanoparticles, dendrimers, and protein cages or are incorporated into non-wovens, tablets, or metal–organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Christin Kautz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Peter C. Kunz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
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22
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Queiroga CSF, Vercelli A, Vieira HLA. Carbon monoxide and the CNS: challenges and achievements. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1533-45. [PMID: 24758548 PMCID: PMC4369262 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Haem oxygenase (HO) and its product carbon monoxide (CO) are associated with cytoprotection and maintenance of homeostasis in several different organs and tissues. This review focuses upon the role of exogenous and endogenous CO (via HO activity and expression) in various CNS pathologies, based upon data from experimental models, as well as from some clinical data on human patients. The pathophysiological conditions reviewed are cerebral ischaemia, chronic neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases), multiple sclerosis and pain. Among these pathophysiological conditions, a variety of cellular mechanisms and processes are considered, namely cytoprotection, cell death, inflammation, cell metabolism, cellular redox responses and vasomodulation, as well as the different targeted neural cells. Finally, novel potential methods and strategies for delivering exogenous CO as a drug are discussed, particularly approaches based upon CO-releasing molecules, their limitations and challenges. The diagnostic and prognostic value of HO expression in clinical use for brain pathologies is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia S F Queiroga
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Helena L A Vieira
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET)Oeiras, Portugal
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Poh HT, Bengali AA, Fan WY. Group VI transition metal carbonyl hydrosulfides Na[M(CO) 5(SH)] (M = Cr, Mo, W) as water-soluble H 2S-releasing agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14924f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Group VI metal carbonyl hydrosulfides as water-soluble H2S-releasing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Tiong Poh
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
| | | | - Wai Yip Fan
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
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Wang M, Zhu J, Pan Y, Dong J, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhang L. Hydrogen sulfide functions as a neuromodulator to regulate striatal neurotransmission in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Res 2014; 93:487-94. [PMID: 25388401 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a novel endogenous gasotransmitter, has been considered a neuromodulator to enhance hippocampal long-term potentiation and exerts neuroprotective effects against neurotoxin-induced neurodegeneration in rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether H2S can function as a neuromodulator to regulate the levels of nigrostriatal neurotransmitters and then impact the vulnerability of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in response to neurotoxins remains unknown. For this study, we prepared a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine plus probenecid (MPTP/p)-induced mouse subacute model of PD to explore the modulatory effect of H2S on monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters in the striatum of MPTP-treated mice. This study shows that NaHS (an H2S donor, 5.6 mg/kg/day, i.p.) administration improves the survival rate and significantly ameliorates the weight loss of MPTP-treated mice. NaHS treatment attenuated MPTP-induced neuronal damage, restored the diminution of DA neurons, and suppressed the overactivation of astrocytes in the mouse striatum. Additionally, NaHS upregulated striatal serotonin levels and modulated the balance of excitatory glutamate and the inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid system in response to MPTP challenge. The current study indicates that H2S may function as an effective neuromodulator to regulate striatal neurotransmission and provides insight into the potential of H2S for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Preeclampsia remains a significant obstetric risk worldwide. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia is complex, with multiple stages involving maladaptations in both placental and maternal physiology. The placenta links the pre-clinical stage of impaired remodeling of the uterine vasculature, occurring in early pregnancy, to the later clinical stages characterised by the maternal syndrome of hypertension and proteinuria. This review focuses on some of the recent candidates for the missing links in this process.
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Yang YC, Huang YT, Hsieh CW, Yang PM, Wung BS. Carbon monoxide induces heme oxygenase-1 to modulate STAT3 activation in endothelial cells via S-glutathionylation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100677. [PMID: 25072782 PMCID: PMC4114553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-6/STAT3 pathway is involved in a variety of biological responses, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. In our present study, we found that CO releasing molecules (CORMs) suppress IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and transactivity in endothelial cells (ECs). CO is a byproduct of heme degradation mediated by heme oxygenase (HO-1). However, CORMs can induce HO-1 expression and then inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation. CO has been found to increase a low level ROS and which may induce protein glutathionylation. We hypothesized that CORMs increases protein glutathionylation and inhibits STAT3 activation. We found that CORMs increase the intracellular GSSG level and induce the glutathionylation of multiple proteins including STAT3. GSSG can inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation and increase STAT3 glutathionylation whereas the antioxidant enzyme catalase can suppress the glutathionylation. Furthermore, catalase blocks the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by CORMs treatment. The inhibition of glutathione synthesis by BSO was also found to attenuate STAT3 glutathionylation and its inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. We further found that HO-1 increases STAT3 glutathionylation and that HO-1 siRNA attenuates CORM-induced STAT3 glutathionylation. Hence, the inhibition of STAT3 activation is likely to occur via a CO-mediated increase in the GSSG level, which augments protein glutathionylation, and CO-induced HO-1 expression, which may enhance and maintain its effects in IL-6-treated ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chang Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Wen Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Min Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Being-Sun Wung
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
- * E-mail:
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Kohlenstoffmonoxid freisetzende Moleküle für die therapeutische CO-Verabreichung in vivo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201311225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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García-Gallego S, Bernardes GJL. Carbon-monoxide-releasing molecules for the delivery of therapeutic CO in vivo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9712-21. [PMID: 25070185 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201311225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The development of carbon-monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) as pharmaceutical agents represents an attractive and safer alternative to administration of gaseous CO. Most CORMs developed to date are transition-metal carbonyl complexes. Although such CORMs have showed promising results in the treatment of a number of animal models of disease, they still lack the necessary attributes for clinical development. Described in this Minireview are the methods used for CORM selection, to date, and how new insights into the reactivity of metal-carbonyl complexes in vivo, together with advances in methods for live-cell CO detection, are driving the design and synthesis of new CORMs, CORMs that will enable controlled CO release in vivo in a spatial and temporal manner without affecting oxygen transport by hemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra García-Gallego
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge (UK); Present Address: Polymer and Fibre Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm (Sweden)
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Yeh PY, Li CY, Hsieh CW, Yang YC, Yang PM, Wung BS. CO-releasing molecules and increased heme oxygenase-1 induce protein S-glutathionylation to modulate NF-κB activity in endothelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 70:1-13. [PMID: 24512908 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein glutathionylation is a protective mechanism that functions in response to mild oxidative stress. Carbon monoxide (CO) can increase the reactive oxygen species concentration from a low level via the inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase. We therefore hypothesized that CO would induce NF-κB-p65 glutathionylation and then show anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we found that CO-releasing molecules suppress TNFα-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs) and reduce ICAM-1 expression. Moreover, CO donors were further found to exert their inhibitory effects by blocking NF-κB-p65 nuclear translocation, but do so independent of IκBα degradation, in TNFα-treated ECs. In addition, p65 protein glutathionylation represents the response signal to CO donors and is reversed by the reducing agent dithiothreitol. Thiol modification of the cysteine residue in the p65 RHD region was required for the CO-modulated NF-κB activation. The suppression of p65 glutathionylation by a GSH synthesis inhibitor, BSO, and by catalase could also attenuate TNFα-induced p65 nuclear translocation and ICAM-1 expression. CO donors induce Nrf2 activation and Nrf2 siRNA suppresses CO-induced p65 glutathionylation and inhibition. Furthermore, we found that the CO donors induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, which increases p65 glutathionylation. In contrast, HO-1 siRNA attenuates CO donor- and hemin-induced p65 glutathionylation. Our results thus indicate that the glutathionylation of p65 is likely to be responsible for CO-mediated NF-κB inactivation and that the HO-1-dependent pathway may prolong the inhibitory effects of CO donors upon TNFα treatment of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yen Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Saint Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Yu Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Wen Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yan-Chang Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Po-Min Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Being-Sun Wung
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Desai KM, Chang T, Untereiner A, Wu L. Hydrogen sulfide and the metabolic syndrome. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 4:63-73. [DOI: 10.1586/ecp.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Zhao S, Lin Q, Li H, He Y, Fang X, Chen F, Chen C, Huang Z. Carbon monoxide releasing molecule‑2 attenuated ischemia/reperfusion‑induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via a mitochondrial pathway. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:754-62. [PMID: 24337106 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous gaseous transmitter that exerts multi-protection in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but few experimental studies regarding CO on myocardial I/R-induced apoptosis, as well as its underlying mechanism have been conducted. The present study was designed to investigate whether CO released from CO-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) is capable of ameliorating myocardial I/R-induced apoptosis via a mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were randomly distributed into four groups: Control, I/R (cultured cardiomyocytes were subjected to 2 h simulated ischemia followed by 4 h reperfusion), CORM-2 and inactive CORM-2 (iCORM-2) groups (20 µM CORM-2 and 20 µM iCORM-2 were administered at the beginning of reperfusion following ischemia, respectively). Flow cytometric analysis showed that CORM-2 treatment significantly decreased apoptosis of cardiomyocytes triggered by simulated I/R. CORM-2 partially recovered mitochondrial respiration and ultrastructure alteration, and lowered caspase-3 expression and the release of cytochrome c. Furthermore, CORM-2 partly reduced BAK/BAX expression in mitochondria, as well as the BAX level in the cytoplasm. Cardioprotection is lost when CORM-2 is replaced by iCORM-2. CORM-2 treatment, at the time of reperfusion, was concluded to attenuate myocardial I/R-induced apoptosis. The protection mechanisms may be targeted to the mitochondria and involved in the inhibition of the BAK/BAX‑mediated intrinsic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Qingming Lin
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yumin He
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xiangshao Fang
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Chen
- Taiping People's Hospital of Dongguan City, Dongguan, Guangdong 523900, P.R. China
| | - Zitong Huang
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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Abstract
Since the discovery that CO acts as a cytoprotective and homeostatic molecule, increasing research efforts have been devoted to the exploitation of its therapeutic effects. Both endogenous and exogenous CO improves experimental lung, vascular and cardiac injuries and protects against several inflammatory states. The technology is now in place to bring CO to clinical applications, but the use of the gaseous molecule poses several problems. The challenges associated with the clinical implementation of the gas have in part been answered by the development of CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs). As stable solid forms of CO, these molecules represent an alternative to the administration of carbon monoxide (orally or by injection). In this article, we present insights into the biochemical action of CO and discuss the efficacy of CO and CO-RMs in preclinical disease models. Recent advances in the CO-RMs field are critically addressed.
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Gibbons SJ, Verhulst PJ, Bharucha A, Farrugia G. Review article: carbon monoxide in gastrointestinal physiology and its potential in therapeutics. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38:689-702. [PMID: 23992228 PMCID: PMC3788684 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While carbon monoxide (CO) is a known toxin, it is now recognised that CO is also an important signalling molecule involved in physiology and pathophysiology. AIMS To summarise our current understanding of the role of endogenous CO in the regulation of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology, and to potential therapeutic applications of modulating CO. METHODS This review is based on a comprehensive search of the Ovid Medline comprehensive database and supplemented by our ongoing studies evaluating the role of CO in gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. RESULTS Carbon monoxide derived from haem oxygenase (HO)-2 is predominantly involved in neuromodulation and in setting the smooth muscle membrane potential, while CO derived from HO-1 has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, which protect gastrointestinal smooth muscle from damage caused by injury or inflammation. Exogenous CO is being explored as a therapeutic agent in a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, including diabetic gastroparesis, post-operative ileus, organ transplantation, inflammatory bowel disease and sepsis. However, identifying the appropriate mechanism for safely delivering CO in humans is a major challenge. CONCLUSIONS Carbon monoxide is an important regulator of gastrointestinal function and protects the gastrointestinal tract against noxious injury. CO is a promising therapeutic target in conditions associated with gastrointestinal injury and inflammation. Elucidating the mechanisms by which CO works and developing safe CO delivery mechanisms are necessary to refine therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Gibbons
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Tinajero-Trejo M, Jesse HE, Poole RK. Gasotransmitters, poisons, and antimicrobials: it's a gas, gas, gas! F1000PRIME REPORTS 2013; 5:28. [PMID: 23967379 PMCID: PMC3732073 DOI: 10.12703/p5-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We review recent examples of the burgeoning literature on three gases that have major impacts in biology and microbiology. NO, CO and H2S are now co-classified as endogenous gasotransmitters with profound effects on mammalian physiology and, potentially, major implications in therapeutic applications. All are well known to be toxic yet, at tiny concentrations in human and cell biology, play key signalling and regulatory functions. All may also be endogenously generated in microbes. NO and H2S share the property of being biochemically detoxified, yet are beneficial in resisting the bactericidal properties of antibiotics. The mechanism underlying this protection is currently under debate. CO, in contrast, is not readily removed; mounting evidence shows that CO, and especially organic donor compounds that release the gas in biological environments, are themselves effective, novel antimicrobial agents.
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Biology and therapeutic potential of hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen sulfide-releasing chimeras. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 85:689-703. [PMID: 23103569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide, H2S, is a colorless gas with a strong odor that until recently was only considered to be a toxic environmental pollutant with little or no physiological significance. However, the past few years have demonstrated its role in many biological systems and it is becoming increasingly clear that H2S is likely to join nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) as a major player in mammalian biology. In this review, we have provided an overview of the chemistry and biology of H2S and have summarized the chemistry and biological activity of some natural and synthetic H2S-donating compounds. The naturally occurring compounds discussed include, garlic, sulforaphane, erucin, and iberin. The synthetic H2S donors reviewed include, GYY4137; cysteine analogs; S-propyl cysteine, S-allyl cysteine, S-propargyl cysteine, and N-acetyl cysteine. Dithiolethione and its NSAID and other chimeras such as, L-DOPA, sildenafil, aspirin, diclofenac, naproxen, ibuprofen, indomethacin, and mesalamine have also been reviewed in detail. The newly reported NOSH-aspirin that releases both NO and H2S has also been discussed.
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Lu M, Zhao FF, Tang JJ, Su CJ, Fan Y, Ding JH, Bian JS, Hu G. The neuroprotection of hydrogen sulfide against MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuron degeneration involves uncoupling protein 2 rather than ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:849-59. [PMID: 22360462 PMCID: PMC3392622 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), a novel gaseous mediator, has been recognized to protect neurons from overexcitation by enhancing the activity of the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channel. However, no direct evidence supports that the K-ATP channel contributes to the neuroprotective effect of H(2)S in neurodegeneration. Herein, wild-type and Kir6.2 knockout (Kir6.2(-/-)) mice were used to establish the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) so as to investigate the involvement of K-ATP channels in the neuroprotection of H(2)S. RESULTS Systemic administration of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) (an H(2)S donor, 5.6 mg/kg/day) for 7 days rescued MPTP-induced loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in substantia nigra compacta of both Kir6.2(+/+) and Kir6.2(-/-) mice. Consistently, NaHS (100 μM) protected primary mesencephalic neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced cytotoxicity in both genotypes. We further found that deficiency of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and functions as upstream to the K-ATP channel in determining vulnerability of DA neurons, abolished the protective effects of H(2)S against either DA neuron degeneration in the PD mouse model or MPP(+)-induced injury in primary mesencephalic neurons. Rationally, UCP2 evokes mild uncoupling, which in turn diminishes ROS accumulation in DA neurons. Furthermore, H(2)S exerted neuroprotective effect via enhancing UCP2-mediated antioxidation and subsequently suppressing ROS-triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress as well as ultimately inhibiting caspase 12-induced neuronal apoptosis. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION H(2)S protects DA neurons against degeneration in a UCP2 rather than Kir6.2/K-ATP channel-dependent mechanism, which will give us an insight into the potential of H(2)S in terms of opening up new therapeutic avenues for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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37
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Predmore BL, Lefer DJ. Hydrogen sulfide-mediated myocardial pre- and post-conditioning. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2012; 4:83-96. [PMID: 21373204 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.10.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Acute myocardial infarction, resulting from coronary artery atherosclerosis, is a serious and often fatal consequence of coronary artery disease, resulting in cell death in the myocardium. Pre- and post-conditioning of the myocardium are two treatment strategies that reduce the amount of cell death significantly. Hydrogen sulfide has recently been identified as a potent cardioprotective signaling molecule, which is a highly effective pre- and post-conditioning agent. The cardioprotective signaling pathways involved in hydrogen sulfide-based pre- and post-conditioning will be explored in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Predmore
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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38
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Abstract
Mitochondria present two key roles on cellular functioning: (i) cell metabolism, being the main cellular source of energy and (ii) modulation of cell death, by mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously produced gaseoustransmitter, which presents several biological functions and is involved in maintaining cell homeostasis and cytoprotection. Herein, mitochondrion is approached as the main cellular target of carbon monoxide (CO). In this paper, two main perspectives concerning CO modulation of mitochondrial functioning are evaluated. First, the role of CO on cellular metabolism, in particular oxidative phosphorylation, is discussed, namely, on: cytochrome c oxidase activity, mitochondrial respiration, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial biogenesis, and general cellular energetic status. Second, the mitochondrial pathways involved in cell death inhibition by CO are assessed, in particular the control of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization.
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39
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Gil V, Gallego D, Jiménez M. Effects of inhibitors of hydrogen sulphide synthesis on rat colonic motility. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:485-98. [PMID: 21486289 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The role of hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) as a putative endogenous signalling molecule in the gastrointestinal tract has not yet been established. We investigated the effect of D,L-propargylglycine (PAG), an inhibitor of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), amino-oxyacetic acid (AOAA) and hydroxylamine (HA), inhibitors of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) on rat colonic motility. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Immunohistochemistry, H₂S production, microelectrode and organ bath recordings were performed on rat colonic samples without mucosa and submucosa to investigate the role of endogenous H₂S in motility. KEY RESULTS CSE and CBS were immunolocalized in the colon. H₂S was endogenously produced (15.6 ± 0.7 nmol·min⁻¹·g⁻¹ tissue) and its production was strongly inhibited by PAG (2 mM) and AOAA (2 mM). PAG (2 mM) caused smooth muscle depolarization and increased spontaneous motility. The effect was still recorded after incubation with tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 µM) or N(ω) -nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 1 mM). AOAA (2 mM) caused a transient (10 min) increase in motility. In contrast, HA (10 µM) caused a 'nitric oxide-like effect', smooth muscle hyperpolarization and relaxation, which were antagonized by 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-α]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 10 µM). Neither spontaneous nor induced inhibitory junction potentials were modified by AOAA or PAG. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We demonstrated that H₂S is endogenously produced in the rat colon. PAG and AOAA effectively blocked H₂S production. Our data suggest that enzymatic production of H₂S regulates colonic motility and therefore H₂S ight be a third gaseous inhibitory signalling molecule in the gastrointestinal tract. However, possible non-specific effects of the inhibitors should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gil
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
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40
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Gil V, Gallego D, Jiménez M. Effects of inhibitors of hydrogen sulphide synthesis on rat colonic motility. Br J Pharmacol 2012. [PMID: 21486289 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01431.x/pdf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The role of hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) as a putative endogenous signalling molecule in the gastrointestinal tract has not yet been established. We investigated the effect of D,L-propargylglycine (PAG), an inhibitor of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), amino-oxyacetic acid (AOAA) and hydroxylamine (HA), inhibitors of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) on rat colonic motility. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Immunohistochemistry, H₂S production, microelectrode and organ bath recordings were performed on rat colonic samples without mucosa and submucosa to investigate the role of endogenous H₂S in motility. KEY RESULTS CSE and CBS were immunolocalized in the colon. H₂S was endogenously produced (15.6 ± 0.7 nmol·min⁻¹·g⁻¹ tissue) and its production was strongly inhibited by PAG (2 mM) and AOAA (2 mM). PAG (2 mM) caused smooth muscle depolarization and increased spontaneous motility. The effect was still recorded after incubation with tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 µM) or N(ω) -nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 1 mM). AOAA (2 mM) caused a transient (10 min) increase in motility. In contrast, HA (10 µM) caused a 'nitric oxide-like effect', smooth muscle hyperpolarization and relaxation, which were antagonized by 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-α]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 10 µM). Neither spontaneous nor induced inhibitory junction potentials were modified by AOAA or PAG. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We demonstrated that H₂S is endogenously produced in the rat colon. PAG and AOAA effectively blocked H₂S production. Our data suggest that enzymatic production of H₂S regulates colonic motility and therefore H₂S ight be a third gaseous inhibitory signalling molecule in the gastrointestinal tract. However, possible non-specific effects of the inhibitors should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gil
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
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41
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Almeida AS, Queiroga CSF, Sousa MFQ, Alves PM, Vieira HLA. Carbon monoxide modulates apoptosis by reinforcing oxidative metabolism in astrocytes: role of Bcl-2. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10761-70. [PMID: 22334654 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.306738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of cerebral cell metabolism for improving the outcome of hypoxia-ischemia and reperfusion is a strategy yet to be explored. Because carbon monoxide (CO) is known to prevent cerebral cell death; herein the role of CO in the modulation of astrocytic metabolism, in particular, at the level of mitochondria was investigated. Low concentrations of CO partially inhibited oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in astrocytes, by preventing caspase-3 activation, mitochondrial potential depolarization, and plasmatic membrane permeability. CO exposure enhanced intracellular ATP generation, which was accompanied by an increase on specific oxygen consumption, a decrease on lactate production, and a reduction of glucose use, indicating an improvement of oxidative phosphorylation. Accordingly, CO increased cytochrome c oxidase (COX) enzymatic specific activity and stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis. In astrocytes, COX interacts with Bcl-2, which was verified by immunoprecipitation; this interaction is superior after 24 h of CO treatment. Furthermore, CO enhanced Bcl-2 expression in astrocytes. By silencing Bcl-2 expression with siRNA transfection, CO effects in astrocytes were prevented, namely: (i) inhibition of apoptosis, (ii) increase on ATP generation, (iii) stimulation of COX activity, and (iv) mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, Bcl-2 expression is crucial for CO modulation of oxidative metabolism and for conferring cytoprotection. In conclusion, CO protects astrocytes against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by improving metabolism functioning, particularly mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Almeida
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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42
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Therapeutic potential of heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide in lung disease. Int J Hypertens 2012; 2012:859235. [PMID: 22518295 PMCID: PMC3296197 DOI: 10.1155/2012/859235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO), a catabolic enzyme, provides the rate-limiting step in the oxidative breakdown of heme, to generate carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin-IXα. Induction of the inducible form, HO-1, in tissues is generally regarded as a protective mechanism. Over the last decade, considerable progress has been made in defining the therapeutic potential of HO-1 in a number of preclinical models of lung tissue injury and disease. Likewise, tissue-protective effects of CO, when applied at low concentration, have been observed in many of these models. Recent studies have expanded this concept to include chemical CO-releasing molecules (CORMs). Collectively, salutary effects of the HO-1/CO system have been demonstrated in lung inflammation/acute lung injury, lung and vascular transplantation, sepsis, and pulmonary hypertension models. The beneficial effects of HO-1/CO are conveyed in part through the inhibition or modulation of inflammatory, apoptotic, and proliferative processes. Recent advances, however, suggest that the regulation of autophagy and the preservation of mitochondrial homeostasis may serve as additional candidate mechanisms. Further preclinical and clinical trials are needed to ascertain the therapeutic potential of HO-1/CO in human clinical disease.
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43
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Fitzgerald RS, Shirahata M, Chang I, Kostuk E, Kiihl S. The impact of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) on neurotransmitter release from the cat carotid body. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2011; 176:80-9. [PMID: 21292043 PMCID: PMC3095827 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Do cat carotid bodies (CBs) increase their release of acetylcholine and ATP in response to H(2)S? Two CBs, incubated in a Krebs Ringer bicarbonate solution at 37 ° C, exhibited a normal response to hypoxia-increased release of acetylcholine (ACh) and ATP. They were challenged with several concentrations of Na(2)S, an H(2)S donor. H(2)S, a new gasotransmitter, is reported to open K(ATP) channels. Under normoxic conditions the CBs reduced their release of ACh and ATP below control values. They responded identically to pinacidil, a well-known K(ATP) channel opener. CB glomus cells exhibited a positive immunohistochemical signal for cystathione-β-synthetase, a H(2)S synthesizing enzyme, and for a subunit of the K(ATP) channel. The data suggest that Na(2)S may have opened the glomus cells' K(ATP) channels, hyperpolarizing the cells, thus reducing their tonic release of ACh and ATP. Since during hypoxia H(2)S levels rise, the glomus cells responding very actively to hypoxia may be protected from over-exertion by the H(2)S opening of the K(ATP) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Fitzgerald
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Division of Physiology), The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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44
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Olson KR. The therapeutic potential of hydrogen sulfide: separating hype from hope. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 301:R297-312. [PMID: 21543637 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00045.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) has become the hot new signaling molecule that seemingly affects all organ systems and biological processes in which it has been investigated. It has also been shown to have both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory actions and proapoptotic and anti-apoptotic effects and has even been reported to induce a hypometabolic state (suspended animation) in a few vertebrates. The exuberance over potential clinical applications of natural and synthetic H(2)S-"donating" compounds is understandable and a number of these function-targeted drugs have been developed and show clinical promise. However, the concentration of H(2)S in tissues and blood, as well as the intrinsic factors that affect these levels, has not been resolved, and it is imperative to address these points to distinguish between the physiological, pharmacological, and toxicological effects of this molecule. This review will provide an overview of H(2)S metabolism, a summary of many of its reported "physiological" actions, and it will discuss the recent development of a number of H(2)S-donating drugs that show clinical potential. It will also examine some of the misconceptions of H(2)S chemistry that have appeared in the literature and attempt to realign the definition of "physiological" H(2)S concentrations upon which much of this exuberance has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Olson
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46617, USA.
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45
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Bocci V, Zanardi I, Travagli V. Oxygen/ozone as a medical gas mixture. A critical evaluation of the various methods clarifies positive and negative aspects. Med Gas Res 2011; 1:6. [PMID: 22146387 PMCID: PMC3231820 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9912-1-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides oxygen, several other gases such as NO, CO, H2, H2S, Xe and O3 have come to age over the past few years. With regards to O3, its mechanisms of action in medicine have been clarified during the last two decades so that now a comprehensive framework for understanding and recommending ozone therapy in various pathologies is available. O3 used within the determined therapeutic window is absolutely safe and more effective than golden standard medications in numerous pathologies, like vascular diseases. However, ozone therapy is mostly in practitioners' hands and some recent developments for increasing cost effectiveness and speed of treatment are neither standardized, nor evaluated toxicologically. Hence, the aim of this article is to emphasize the need to objectively assess the pros and cons of oxygen/ozone as a medical gas mixture in the hope that ozone therapy will be accepted by orthodox medicine in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velio Bocci
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Viale Aldo Moro, 2 - 53100 Siena, Italy.
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46
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Moody BF, Calvert JW. Emergent role of gasotransmitters in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Med Gas Res 2011; 1:3. [PMID: 22146243 PMCID: PMC3191488 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9912-1-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are lipid-soluble, endogenously produced gaseous messenger molecules collectively known as gasotransmitters. Over the last several decades, gasotransmitters have emerged as potent cytoprotective mediators in various models of tissue and cellular injury. Specifically, when used at physiological levels, the exogenous and endogenous manipulation of these three gases has been shown to modulate ischemia/reperfusion injury by inducing a number of cytoprotective mechanisms including: induction of vasodilatation, inhibition of apoptosis, modulation of mitochondrial respiration, induction of antioxidants, and inhibition of inflammation. However, while the actions are similar, there are some differences in the mechanisms by which these gasotransmitters induce these effects and the regulatory actions of the enzyme systems can vary depending upon the gas being investigated. Furthermore, there does appear to be some crosstalk between the gases, which can provide synergistic effects and additional regulatory effects. This review article will discuss several models and mechanisms of gas-mediated cytoprotection, as well as provide a brief discussion on the complex interactions between the gasotransmitter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette F Moody
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA
| | - John W Calvert
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA
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47
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Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a gaseous mediator synthesized from cysteine by cystathionine γ lyase (CSE) and other naturally occurring enzymes. Pharmacological experiments using H₂S donors and genetic experiments using CSE knockout mice suggest important roles for this vasodilator gas in the regulation of blood vessel caliber, cardiac response to ischemia/reperfusion injury, and inflammation. That H₂S inhibits cytochrome c oxidase and reduces cell energy production has been known for many decades, but more recently, a number of additional pharmacological targets for this gas have been identified. H₂S activates K(ATP) and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels but usually inhibits big conductance Ca²(+)-sensitive K(+) (BK(Ca)) channels, T-type calcium channels, and M-type calcium channels. H₂S may inhibit or activate NF-κB nuclear translocation while affecting the activity of numerous kinases including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and Akt. These disparate effects may be secondary to the well-known reducing activity of H₂S and/or its ability to promote sulfhydration of protein cysteine moieties within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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Crook SH, Mann BE, Meijer AJHM, Adams H, Sawle P, Scapens D, Motterlini R. [Mn(CO)4{S2CNMe(CH2CO2H)}], a new water-soluble CO-releasing molecule. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:4230-5. [PMID: 21403944 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[Mn(CO)(4){S(2)CNMe(CH(2)CO(2)H)}], 1, is shown to be a CO releasing molecule providing at least three moles CO per mole of compound. The mechanism of CO loss is dissociative and reversible and was investigated using Gaussian 09 calculations. The reversible binding of CO results in a relatively stable solution of the compound, while in the presence of a CO receptor or a ligand to prevent the rebinding of CO, the CO is lost rapidly. The X-ray structure was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian H Crook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S3 7HF
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Motterlini R, Otterbein LE. The therapeutic potential of carbon monoxide. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010; 9:728-43. [PMID: 20811383 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1156] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Queiroga CSF, Almeida AS, Martel C, Brenner C, Alves PM, Vieira HLA. Glutathionylation of adenine nucleotide translocase induced by carbon monoxide prevents mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:17077-88. [PMID: 20348099 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.065052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work demonstrates the ability of CO to prevent apoptosis in a primary culture of astrocytes. For the first time, the antiapoptotic behavior can be clearly attributed to the inhibition of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP), a key event in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. In isolated non-synaptic mitochondria, CO partially inhibits (i) loss of potential, (ii) the opening of a nonspecific pore through the inner membrane, (iii) swelling, and (iv) cytochrome c release, which are induced by calcium, diamide, or atractyloside (a ligand of ANT). CO directly modulates ANT function by enhancing ADP/ATP exchange and prevents its pore-forming activity. Additionally, CO induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and its prevention by beta-carotene decreases CO cytoprotection in intact cells as well as in isolated mitochondria, revealing the key role of ROS. On the other hand, CO induces a slight increase in mitochondrial oxidized glutathione, which is essential for apoptosis modulation by (i) delaying astrocytic apoptosis, (ii) decreasing MMP, and (iii) enhancing ADP/ATP translocation activity of ANT. Moreover, CO and GSSG trigger ANT glutathionylation, a post-translational process regulating protein function in response to redox cellular changes. In conclusion, CO protects astrocytes from apoptosis by preventing MMP, acting on ANT (glutathionylation and inhibition of its pore activity) via a preconditioning-like process mediated by ROS and GSSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia S F Queiroga
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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