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Alsfouk A. Pyrazine-based small molecule kinase inhibitors: clinical applications and patent review (2019-2023). Future Med Chem 2024; 16:1899-1921. [PMID: 39189138 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2385293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases play a key role in cellular signaling pathways including proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation and immune regulation. Therefore, targeting kinases with small molecules has emerged as a therapeutic potential in cancers and other diseases including inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The main chemical motifs of the available small molecule kinase inhibitors are heterocyclic, nitrogen-containing and six-membered rings including pyrazine. Several potent and selective pyrazine-based kinase inhibitors have been developed and progressed into clinical trials. The data of clinical application of kinase inhibitors demonstrate good clinical activity with manageable toxicity in several relapse-resistant malignancies and severe to moderate immunological disorders. All pyrazine-based kinase inhibitors are orally active. This paper reviews the most recent kinase literature (2019-2023) related to pyrazine-based small molecule inhibitors. This review includes the FDA (Food and Drug Administration)-approved and patent agents along with their targeted kinase, scaffold, potency, selectivity profile, assignee and biological results in clinical and preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Rammali S, Ciobică A, El Aalaoui M, Rahim A, Kamal FZ, Dari K, Khattabi A, Romila L, Novac B, Petroaie A, Bencharki B. Exploring the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Lentzea flaviverrucosa strain E25-2 isolated from Moroccan forest soil. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1429035. [PMID: 39104582 PMCID: PMC11298423 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1429035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The alarming rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has created a significant public health challenge, necessitating the discovery of new therapeutic agents to combat infectious diseases and oxidative stress-related disorders. The Lentzea flaviverrucosa strain E25-2, isolated from Moroccan forest soil, represents a potential avenue for such research. This study aimed to identify the isolate E25-2, obtained from soil in a cold Moroccan ecosystem, and further investigate its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed the strain's classification within the Lentzea genus, with a sequence closely resembling that of Lentzea flaviverrucosa AS4.0578 (96.10% similarity). Antimicrobial activity in solid media showed moderate to strong activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus cereus strain ATCC 14579, Escherichia coli strain ATCC 25922, Candida albicans strain ATCC 60193 and 4 phytopathogenic fungi. In addition, ethyl acetate extract of this isolate demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against 7 clinically multi-drug resistant bacteria. Furthermore, it demonstrated antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radicals, as well as a significant increase in ferric reducing antioxidant power. A significant positive correlation was observed between antioxidant activities and total content of phenolic compounds (p < 0.0001), along with flavonoids (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of amines, hydroxyl groups, pyridopyrazinone rings, esters and pyrrolopyrazines. The Lentzea genus could offer promising prospects in the fight against antibiotic resistance and in the prevention against oxidative stress related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Rammali
- Laboratory of Agro-Alimentary and Health, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Alin Ciobică
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iași, Romania
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, Iași, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Abdellatif Rahim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zahra Kamal
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Technical (ISPITS), Marrakech, Morocco
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Processes and Materials, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco
| | - Khadija Dari
- Laboratory of Agro-Alimentary and Health, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Abdelkrim Khattabi
- Laboratory of Agro-Alimentary and Health, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Laura Romila
- Department of Chemistry, “Ioan Haulica” Institute, Apollonia University, Iași, Romania
| | - Bogdan Novac
- Urology Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
| | - Antoneta Petroaie
- Family Medicine Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
| | - Bouchaib Bencharki
- Laboratory of Agro-Alimentary and Health, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
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Kumari G, Dhillon S, Rani P, Chahal M, Aneja DK, Kinger M. Development in the Synthesis of Bioactive Thiazole-Based Heterocyclic Hybrids Utilizing Phenacyl Bromide. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18709-18746. [PMID: 38708256 PMCID: PMC11064039 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Heterocyclic hybrid frameworks represent a burgeoning domain within the realms of drug discovery and medicinal chemistry, attracting considerable attention in recent years. Thiazole pharmacophore fragments, inherent in natural products such as peptide alkaloids, metabolites, and cyclopeptides, have demonstrated a broad spectrum of pharmacological potentials. Given their profound biological significance, a plethora of thiazole-based hybrids have been synthesized through the conjugation of thiazole moieties with bioactive pyrazole and pyrazoline fragments. This review systematically presents a compendium of robust methodologies for the synthesis of thiazole-linked hybrids, employing the (3 + 2) heterocyclization reaction, specifically the Hantzsch-thiazole synthesis, utilizing phenacyl bromide as the substrate. The strategic approach of molecular hybridization has markedly enhanced drug efficacy, mitigated resistance to multiple drugs, and minimized toxicity concerns. The resultant thiazole-linked hybrids exhibit a myriad of medicinal properties viz. anticancer, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antifungal, antiviral, and antioxidant activities. This compilation of methodologies and insights serves as a valuable resource for medicinal chemists and researchers engaged in the design of novel thiazole-linked hybrids endowed with therapeutic attribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginna Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, 127031, Haryana, India
| | - Sudeep Dhillon
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, 127031, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, 127031, Haryana, India
| | - Mamta Chahal
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, 127031, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Aneja
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, 127031, Haryana, India
| | - Mayank Kinger
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, 127031, Haryana, India
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Madhav H, Reddy GS, Rizvi Z, Jameel E, Patel TS, Rahman A, Yadav V, Fatima S, Heyat F, Pal K, Minju-Op A, Subbarao N, Bhattacharjee S, Dixit BC, Sijwali PS, Hoda N. Reinvestigation of diphenylmethylpiperazine analogues of pyrazine as new class of Plasmodial cysteine protease inhibitors for the treatment of malaria. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1022-1037. [PMID: 38516592 PMCID: PMC10953474 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00490b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria eradication is still a global challenge due to the lack of a broadly effective vaccine and the emergence of drug resistance to most of the currently available drugs as part of the mainline artemisinin-based combination therapy. A variety of experimental approaches are quite successful in identifying and synthesizing new promising pharmacophore hybrids with distinct mechanisms of action. Based on our recent findings, the current study demonstrates the reinvestigation of a series of diphenylmethylpiperazine and pyrazine-derived molecular hybrids. Pyrazine-derived molecular hybrids were screened to investigate the antiplasmodial activity on drug-susceptible Pf3D7 and drug-resistant PfW2 strains. The selected compounds were shown to be potent dual inhibitors of cysteine protease PfFP2 and PfFP3. Time-course parasitic development study demonstrated that compounds were able to arrest the growth of the parasite at the early trophozoite stage. The compounds did not show hemolysis of red blood cells and showed selectivity to the parasite compared with the mammalian Vero and A5489 cell lines. The study underlined HR5 and HR15 as a new class of Plasmodial falcipain inhibitors with an IC50 of 6.2 μM and 5.9 μM for PfFP2 and 6.8 μM and 6.4 μM for PfFP3, respectively. Both compounds have antimalarial efficacy with IC50 values of 3.05 μM and 2.80 μM for the Pf3D7 strain, and 4.35 μM and 3.39 μM for the PfW2 strain, respectively. Further structural optimization may turn them into potential Plasmodial falcipain inhibitors for malaria therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Madhav
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) New Delhi-110025 India
| | - G Srinivas Reddy
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad-500007 TS India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 UP India
| | - Zeba Rizvi
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad-500007 TS India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 UP India
| | - Ehtesham Jameel
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) New Delhi-110025 India
| | - Tarosh S Patel
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar-388120 Gujarat India
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Sadaf Fatima
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) New Delhi-110025 India
| | - Fatima Heyat
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) New Delhi-110025 India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) New Delhi-110025 India
| | - Amisha Minju-Op
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad-500007 TS India
| | - Naidu Subbarao
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Souvik Bhattacharjee
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Bharat C Dixit
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad-500007 TS India
| | - Puran Singh Sijwali
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad-500007 TS India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 UP India
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) New Delhi-110025 India
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Napolitano C, Benfatti F, Hamdan FB, Bristow JA, Dapiaggi F, Firth LC, Guest M, Saunders HA, Hall RG, Monaco MR, Quetglas V, Rendine S, Eterovic M. Synthesis and insecticidal activity of N-(5-phenylpyrazin-2-yl)-benzamide derivatives: Elucidation of mode of action on chitin biosynthesis through symptomology and genetic studies. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 199:105771. [PMID: 38458679 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Among the six-membered heterocycles, the pyrazine ring is poorly explored in crop protection and does not feature in any product listed in the current IRAC MoA classification. In an effort to identify new leads for internal research, we synthesized a series of N-(5-phenylpyrazin-2-yl)-benzamide derivatives and evaluated them for their insecticidal activity. N-(5-phenylpyrazin-2-yl)-benzamide derivatives 3 were prepared using an automated two-step synthesis protocol. These compounds were tested for their initial biological activity against a wide range of sucking and chewing insect pests and found to be active against lepidopterans only. More detailed experiments, including symptomology studies on the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) and the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) showed that analog 3q causes severe abnormalities in the lepidopteran cuticle leading to larval mortality. Compound 3q shows strong potency against both P. xylostella and S. littoralis, whereas analog 3i shows better potency against S. littoralis causing also impaired cuticular structure and death of the larvae. Additionally, P. xylostella genetic studies showed that compound 3q resistance is linked to Chitin Synthase 1. Our studies show that N-(5-phenylpyrazin-2-yl)-benzamide derivatives 3, and in particular analogs 3i and 3q, act as insect growth modulator insecticides. Conformational similarities with lufenuron are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Napolitano
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
| | - Fides Benfatti
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
| | - Farhan Bou Hamdan
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
| | - Julia A Bristow
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Federico Dapiaggi
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
| | - Lucy C Firth
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Marcus Guest
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK.
| | - Helena A Saunders
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Roger G Hall
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
| | - Mattia R Monaco
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Quetglas
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Rendine
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
| | - Marisa Eterovic
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland.
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Liu Z, Sun W, Hu Z, Wang W, Zhang H. Marine Streptomyces-Derived Novel Alkaloids Discovered in the Past Decade. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:51. [PMID: 38276653 PMCID: PMC10821133 DOI: 10.3390/md22010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural alkaloids originating from actinomycetes and synthetic derivatives have always been among the important suppliers of small-molecule drugs. Among their biological sources, Streptomyces is the highest and most extensively researched genus. Marine-derived Streptomyces strains harbor unconventional metabolic pathways and have been demonstrated to be efficient producers of biologically active alkaloids; more than 60% of these compounds exhibit valuable activity such as antibacterial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory activities. This review comprehensively summarizes novel alkaloids produced by marine Streptomyces discovered in the past decade, focusing on their structural features, biological activity, and pharmacological mechanisms. Future perspectives on the discovery and development of novel alkaloids from marine Streptomyces are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Huawei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (Z.L.); (W.S.); (Z.H.); (W.W.)
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7
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Mohammed YHI, Shamkh IM, Alharthi NS, Shanawaz MA, Alzahrani HA, Jabbar B, Beigh S, Alghamdi S, Alsakhen N, Khidir EB, Alhuthali HM, Karamalla THE, Rabie AM. Discovery of 1-(5-bromopyrazin-2-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]urea as a promising anticancer drug via synthesis, characterization, biological screening, and computational studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22824. [PMID: 38129413 PMCID: PMC10739849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and different types of tumors are still the most resistant diseases to available therapeutic agents. Finding a highly effective anticancer drug is the first target and concern of thousands of drug designers. In our attempts to address this concern, a new pyrazine derivative, 1-(5-bromopyrazin-2-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]urea (BPU), was designed via structural optimization and synthesized to investigate its anticancer/antitumor potential. The in-vitro anticancer properties of BPU were evaluated by MTT assay using selected cell lines, including the Jurkat, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells. The Jurkat cells were chosen to study the effect of BPU on cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry technique. BPU exhibited an effective cytotoxic ability in all the three cell lines assessed. It was found to be more prominent with the Jurkat cell line (IC50 = 4.64 ± 0.08 µM). When it was subjected to cell cycle analysis, this compound effectively arrested cell cycle progression in the sub-G1 phase. Upon evaluating the antiangiogenic potential of BPU via the in-vivo/ex-vivo shell-less chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays, the compound demonstrated very significant findings, revealing a complementary supportive action for the compound to act as a potent anticancer agent through inhibiting blood vessel formation in tumor tissues. Moreover, the docking energy of BPU computationally scored - 9.0 kcal/mol with the human matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and - 7.8 kcal/mol with the human matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), denoting promising binding results as compared to the existing drugs for cancer therapy. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation outcomes showed that BPU could effectively bind to the previously-proposed catalytic sites of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzymes with relatively stable statuses and good inhibitory binding abilities and parameters. Our findings suggest that the compound BPU could be a promising anticancer agent since it effectively inhibited cell proliferation and can be selected for further in-vitro and in-vivo investigations. In addition, the current results can be extensively validated by conducting wet-lab analysis so as to develop novel and better derivatives of BPU for cancer therapy with much less side effects and higher activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Hussein Issa Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Hajjah, Hajjah, Yemen.
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Science, University of Al-Razi, Sana'a, Yemen.
| | - Israa M Shamkh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Chemo and Bioinformatics Lab, Bio Search Research Institution (BSRI), Giza, Egypt
| | - Nahed S Alharthi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Shanawaz
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, 65431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind A Alzahrani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, 65431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basit Jabbar
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Saba Beigh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, 65431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Alsakhen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Elshiekh B Khidir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayaa M Alhuthali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amgad M Rabie
- Head of Drug Discovery and Clinical Research Department, Dikernis General Hospital (DGH), Magliss El-Madina Street, Dikernis City 35744, Dikernis, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.
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Zhang X, Li F, Li R, Zhao N, Liu D, Xu Y, Wang L, Wang D, Zhao R. B7 Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Regulating the Expression of Caspase-3 and Inhibits Autophagy. Onco Targets Ther 2023; 16:867-883. [PMID: 37915320 PMCID: PMC10617530 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s429128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Heterocyclic compounds are organic compounds with heterocyclic structures, which are common in drug molecules. They include pyrazines with diverse functions, including anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticholinergic activities. In this study a new small molecular compound B7 based on tetrazolium substituted pyrazine was synthesized and its effect on the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and its potential mechanism were investigated. Methods We synthesized a series of tetrazolium-substituted pyrazine compounds by chemoenzymatic method. NCM460 (Human), HCT116 (Human), SW480 (Human) cell lines were selected to analyse the inhibitory effect of B7 on CRC by CCK-8, apoptosis, cell migration and invasion, qPCR, Western blotting, molecular docking, immunofluorescence. Moreover, a CRC xenograft model of mice was used to analyzed the role of B7 in vivo. Results Among these compounds, 3-methyl-5je-6-bis (1H-tetrazole-5-yl) pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (B7) inhibited CRC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. The expression of Caspase-3 was increased after B7 treatment. In addition, the mitochondria abnormalities was observed in B7 group due to decrease the expression of Beclin-1. In addition, B7 inhibited the migration and invasion in CRC cells. Finally, the results showed that B7 had anti-tumor activity in CRC xenograft model of mice. Conclusion In summary, compound B7 was synthesized efficiently using tetrazolium-substituted pyrazine via a chemoenzymatic method. Moreover, B7 have ability to regulate the expression of Caspase-3 which induced apoptosis in CRC cells. In addition, decreased Beclin-1 expression after B7 treatment, indicating inhibited autophagy. This study showed that B7 effectively induced apoptosis and inhibited autophagy in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dianfeng Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuelin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology Endoscopy Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
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Perrone S, Messa F, Troisi L, Salomone A. N-, O- and S-Heterocycles Synthesis in Deep Eutectic Solvents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083459. [PMID: 37110694 PMCID: PMC10142562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of heterocycles is a fundamental area of organic chemistry that offers enormous potential for the discovery of new products with important applications in our daily life such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavors, dyes, and, more generally, engineered materials with innovative properties. As heterocyclic compounds find application across multiple industries and are prepared in very large quantities, the development of sustainable approaches for their synthesis has become a crucial objective for contemporary green chemistry committed to reducing the environmental impact of chemical processes. In this context, the present review focuses on the recent methodologies aimed at preparing N-, O- and S-heterocyclic compounds in Deep Eutectic Solvents, a new class of ionic solvents that are non-volatile, non-toxic, easy to prepare, easy to recycle, and can be obtained from renewable sources. Emphasis has been placed on those processes that prioritize the recycling of catalyst and solvent, as they offer the dual benefit of promoting synthetic efficiency while demonstrating environmental responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Perrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Messa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luigino Troisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
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10
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Palit K, Sepay N, Panda N. Arylative Methylation of 2,3-Dihydropyrazines and Pyrazinones Using Dimethyl Sulfoxide as a C1 Source. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36786556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Divergent synthesis of α-C-H methylated pyrazines and pyrazinones using dimethyl sulfoxide as a nonconventional methylating agent under metal-free conditions was reported. Dimethyl sulfoxide-coordinated bromine cation pools generated from the treatment of dimethyl sulfoxide and 1,2-dibromoethane undergo Pummerer-type fragmentation to afford an electrophilic methyl(methylene)sulfonium ion for reaction with a carbon nucleophile followed by aromatization to afford α-methylated pyrazines and pyrazinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Palit
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Nayim Sepay
- Department of Chemistry, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata 700017, India
| | - Niranjan Panda
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
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11
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Wang S, Wang T. Three Monohalogenated Aminopyrazines as Effective Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Acid Medium. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Wang
- Bioengineering Department School of Marine Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology 2 Wenhua West Road, Huancui District Weihai Shandong Province 264209 P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Bioengineering Department School of Marine Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology 2 Wenhua West Road, Huancui District Weihai Shandong Province 264209 P. R. China
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12
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Pan Y, Yang H, Chen T, Jin J, Ruan L, Hu L, Chen L. Extracellular vesicles metabolic changes reveals plasma signature in stage-dependent diabetic kidney disease. Ren Fail 2022; 44:1840-1849. [DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2118067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Qingdao, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan City, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tucan Chen
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Luya Ruan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang Hu
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Qingdao, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan City, P. R. China
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13
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Synthesis, thermal property and antifungal evaluation of pyrazine esters. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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Tsurugi H, Matsuno M, Kawakami T, Mashima K. Pyrazine Alkylation with Aldehydes and Haloalkanes Using N,N’‐Bis(trimethylsilyl)‐1,4‐dihydropyrazine Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Tsurugi
- Osaka University Department of Chemistry 1-3, Machikaneyama-cho 560-8531 Toyonaka JAPAN
| | | | | | - Kazushi Mashima
- Osaka University: Osaka Daigaku Pharmaceutical Sciences JAPAN
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15
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Pedroso
de Lima F, Lence E, Suárez de Cepeda P, Correia C, Carvalho MA, González-Bello C, Proença MF. Regioselective Synthesis of 2-Aryl-5-cyano-1-(2-hydroxyaryl)-1 H-imidazole-4-carboxamides Self-Assisted by a 2-Hydroxyaryl Group. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23289-23301. [PMID: 35847303 PMCID: PMC9280940 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of the diaminomaleonitrile-based imines containing hydroxyphenyl substituents with diverse aromatic aldehydes has been explored for the synthesis of novel highly substituted nitrogen heterocycles, which are considered privileged scaffolds in drug discovery. We report here a simple and efficient method for the regiocontrolled synthesis of a variety of 2-aryl-5-cyano-1-(2-hydroxyaryl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamides from 2-hydroxybenzylidene imines and aromatic aldehydes. Computational studies on the reaction path revealed that the regioselectivity of the reaction toward the formation of imidazole derivatives instead of 1,2-dihydropyrazines, most likely via a diaza-Cope rearrangement, is driven by the 2-hydroxyaryl group in the scaffold. The latter group promotes the intramolecular abstraction and protonation process in the cycloadduct intermediate, triggering the evolution of the reaction toward the formation of imidazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Pedroso
de Lima
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Emilio Lence
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pilar Suárez de Cepeda
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carla Correia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - M. Alice Carvalho
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Concepción González-Bello
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M. Fernanda Proença
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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16
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De S, Aamna B, Sahu R, Parida S, Behera SK, Dan AK. Seeking heterocyclic scaffolds as antivirals against dengue virus. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114576. [PMID: 35816877 PMCID: PMC9250831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most typical viral infection categorized in the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). It is transmitted via the female Aedes aegypti mosquito to humans and majorly puts risk to the lives of more than half of the world. Recent advancements in medicinal chemistry have led to the design and development of numerous potential heterocyclic scaffolds as antiviral drug candidates for the inhibition of the dengue virus (DENV). Thus, in this review, we have discussed the significance of inhibitory and antiviral activities of nitrogen, oxygen, and mixed (nitrogen-sulfur and nitrogen-oxygen) heterocyclic scaffolds that are published in the last seven years (2016–2022). Furthermore, we have also discussed the probable mechanisms of action and the diverse structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the heterocyclic scaffolds. In addition, this review has elaborately outlined the mechanism of viral infection and the life cycle of DENV in the host cells. The wide set of heterocycles and their SARs will aid in the development of pharmaceuticals that will allow the researchers to synthesize the promising anti-dengue drug candidate in the future.
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17
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New Coordination Compounds Based on a Pyrazine Derivative: Design, Characterization, and Biological Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113467. [PMID: 35684404 PMCID: PMC9181841 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
New coordination compounds of Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), and Ni(II) and the biologically active ligand L (N′-benzylidenepyrazine-2-carbohydrazonamide) were synthesized and characterized by appropriate analytical techniques: elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG–DTG), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and flame-atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS). The biological activity of the obtained compounds was then comprehensively investigated. Rational use of these compounds as potential drugs was proven by ADME analysis. All obtained compounds were screened in vitro for antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. Some of the studied complexes exhibited significantly higher activity than the ligand alone.
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18
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Taheri M, Aslani S, Ghafouri H, Mohammadi A, Akbary Moghaddam V, Moradi N, Naeimi H. Synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation and molecular modelling of new 2-chloro-3-hydrazinopyrazine derivatives as potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on PC12 cells. BMC Chem 2022; 16:7. [PMID: 35193649 PMCID: PMC8864858 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00799-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The loss of cholinergic neurotransmission in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients' brain is accompanied by a reduced concentration of Acetylcholine (ACh) within synaptic clefts. Thus, the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) to block the cholinergic degradation of ACh is a promising approach for AD treatment. In the present study, a series of 2-chloro-3-hydrazinopyrazine derivatives (CHP1-5) were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated as potential multifunctional anti-AD agents. Methods In addition, the chemical structures and purity of the synthesized compounds were elucidated through using IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and elemental analyses. Further, the intended compounds were assessed in vitro for their AChE inhibitory and neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays were utilized to determine their antioxidant activity. The statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. Results Based on the results, CHP4 and CHP5 exhibited strong AChE inhibitory effects with the IC50 values of 3.76 and 4.2 µM compared to the donepezil (0.53 µM), respectively. The study examined the effect and molecular mechanism of CHP4 on the Ab1–42-induced cytotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells. At concentrations of 0–100 μM, CHP4 was non-toxic in PC12. Additionally, Ab1–42 significantly stimulated tau hyperphosphorylation and induced differentiated PC12 cell death. Further, CHP4 resulted in diminishing the Ab1–42-induced toxicity in PC12 cell significantly. CHP4 at 30 μM concentration significantly increased the Ab1–42-induced HSP70 expression and decreased tau hyperphosphorylation. Conclusions According to the results of our studies CHP4 can be considered as safe and efficient AChEI and employed as a potential multifunctional anti-AD agent. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13065-022-00799-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Taheri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Samira Aslani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghafouri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. .,Department of Marine Sciences, The Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Asadollah Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Nastarn Moradi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hananeh Naeimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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19
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Song GC, Jeon JS, Sim HJ, Lee S, Jung J, Kim SG, Moon SY, Ryu CM. Dual functionality of natural mixtures of bacterial volatile compounds on plant growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:571-583. [PMID: 34679179 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria emit volatile compounds that modulate plant growth. Previous studies reported the impacts of bacterial volatile compounds on plant growth; however, the results varied depending on bacterial nutrient availability. We investigated whether the effects of plant growth-inhibiting volatiles (PGIVs) and plant growth-promoting volatiles (PGPVs) depended on the perceived dose by evaluating the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings placed at 7, 14, and 21 cm away from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03 colonies growing in rich medium. A large bacterial colony (500 μl inoculum) inhibited plant growth at 7 cm and promoted growth at 21 cm, whereas a small bacterial colony (100 μl inoculum) induced the opposite pattern of response. We identified pyrazine and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine as candidate PGIVs that significantly reduced plant growth at a distance of 7 cm. PGIV effects were validated by exposing plants to synthetic 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and bacteria emitting PGPVs, which showed that PGIVs overwhelm PGPVs to rapidly increase salicylic acid content and related gene expression. This is referred to as the defence-growth trade-off. Our results indicate that high PGIV concentrations suppress plant growth and promote immunity, whereas low PGPV concentrations promote growth. This study provides novel insights into the complex effects of bacterial volatile mixtures and fine-tuning of bacteria-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Cheol Song
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, S. Korea
| | - Je-Seung Jeon
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, S. Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Sim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, S. Korea
- Environmental Safety Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jegok-gil, Munsan-eup, Jinju 52834, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, S. Korea
| | - Jihye Jung
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, S. Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, S. Korea
| | - Sun Young Moon
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, S. Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, S. Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, S. Korea
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20
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Basaleh AS, Howsaui HB, Sharfalddin AA, Hussien MA. Substitution effect on new Schiff base ligand in complexation with some divalent metal ion; synthesis, characterization, DFT and cytotoxicity studies. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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21
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Karakaya İ. Facile Synthesis of Fully Conjugated Aminopyrazine Based Diazobenzenes and Diazoaminobenzenes with Aryldiazonium Salts. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-22-14664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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2-Diphenylphosphinomethyl-3-methylpyrazine. MOLBANK 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/m1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral metalation-electrophilic trapping reaction of alkyl-substituted pyrazines has always been challenging and poorly regioselective, with the corresponding derivatives often being isolated in moderate yield. In this contribution, we first report on the preparation of an unsymmetrically-substituted pyrazine, that is 2-diphenylphosphinomethyl-3-methylpyrazine, by subjecting to metalation with n-BuLi the commercially available 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, followed by interception of the putative lithiated benzyl-type intermediate with Ph2PCl. Such a functionalization has been successfully carried out in the absence of additional ligands, working either in THF at −78 °C or in a more environmentally friendly solvent like cyclopentyl methyl ether at 0 °C, with the desired phosphine derivative being isolated in 70–85% yield. The newly synthesized adduct has been fully characterized by means of multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques, and also by preparing a selenium derivative, which furnished single crystals that were suitable for X-ray analysis.
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23
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Bognár B, Isbera M, Kálai T. Synthesis of a Nitroxide Spin-labeled Varenicline (Chantix) Derivative. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2021.1877997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Bognár
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Mostafa Isbera
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kálai
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
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Piperazine-substituted derivatives of favipiravir for Nipah virus inhibition: What do in silico studies unravel? SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021; 3:110. [PMID: 33458565 PMCID: PMC7799160 DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-04051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Favipiravir is found to show excellent in-vitro inhibition activity against Nipah virus. To explore the structure-property relationship of Favipiravir, in silico designing of a series of piperazine substituted Favipiravir derivatives are attempted and computational screening has been done to evaluate its bimolecular interactions with Nipah virus. The geometrical features of all the molecules have been addressed from Density Functional Theory calculations. Chemical reactivity descriptor analysis was carried out to understand various reactivity parameters. The drug-likeness properties were estimated by a detailed ADMET study. The binding ability and the mode of binding of these derivatives into the Nipah virus are obtained from molecular docking studies. Our calculations show greater binding ability for the designed inhibitors compared to that of the experimentally reported molecule. Overall, the present work proves to offers new insights and guidelines for synthetic chemists to develop new drugs using piperazine substituted Favipiravir in the treatment of Nipah virus. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42452-020-04051-9.
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25
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Song Y, Xu L, Wang B, Zhang D, Wang H. Convenient one-step synthesis of alkoxy substituted pyrazine derivatives. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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26
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Teng YF, Xu L, Wei MY, Wang CY, Gu YC, Shao CL. Recent progresses in marine microbial-derived antiviral natural products. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:1215-1229. [PMID: 33222073 PMCID: PMC7680217 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viruses have always been a class of pathogenic microorganisms that threaten the health and safety of human life worldwide. However, for a long time, the treatment of viral infections has been slow to develop, and only a few antiviral drugs have been using clinically. Compared with these from terrestrial environments, marine-derived microorganisms can produce active substances with more novel structures and unique functions. From 2015 to 2019, 89 antiviral compounds of 8 structural classes have been isolated from marine microorganisms, of which 35 exhibit anti-H1N1 activity. This review surveys systematically marine microbial-derived natural products with antiviral activity and illustrates the impact of these compounds on antiviral drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Teng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Yan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell , Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Abstract
Pyrazine-based compounds are of great importance in medicinal chemistry. Due to their heteroaromatic nature, they uniquely combine properties of heteroatoms (polar interactions) with the properties of aromatic moieties (nonpolar interactions). This review summarizes results of a systematic analysis of RCSB PDB database focused on important binding interactions of pyrazine-based ligands cocrystallized in protein targets. The most frequent interaction of pyrazine was hydrogen bond to pyrazine nitrogen atom as an acceptor, followed by weak hydrogen bond with pyrazine hydrogen as donor. We also identified intramolecular hydrogen bonds within pyrazine ligands, π-interactions, coordination to metal ions, and few halogen bonds in chloropyrazines. In many cases the binding mode of the pyrazine fragment was complex, involving a combination of several interactions. We conclude that pyrazine as a molecular fragment should not be perceived as a simple aromatic isostere but rather as a readily interacting moiety of drug-like molecules with high potential for interactions to proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Juhás
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Zitko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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28
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Mortzfeld FB, Hashem C, Vranková K, Winkler M, Rudroff F. Pyrazines: Synthesis and Industrial Application of these Valuable Flavor and Fragrance Compounds. Biotechnol J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik B. Mortzfeld
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9 Vienna 1060 Austria
| | - Chiam Hashem
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology TU Graz, Petersgasse 14 Graz 8010 Austria
| | | | - Margit Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology TU Graz, Petersgasse 14 Graz 8010 Austria
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9 Vienna 1060 Austria
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29
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Vlassi A, Nesler A, Perazzolli M, Lazazzara V, Büschl C, Parich A, Puopolo G, Schuhmacher R. Volatile Organic Compounds From Lysobacter capsici AZ78 as Potential Candidates for Biological Control of Soilborne Plant Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1748. [PMID: 32849377 PMCID: PMC7427108 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Lysobacter includes several bacterial species which show potential for being used in biological control of plant diseases. It was shown recently that several Lysobacter type strains produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which controlled the growth of Phytophthora infestans in vitro when the bacteria were grown on a protein rich medium. In the present study, Lysobacter capsici AZ78 (AZ78) has been tested for its potential to produce VOCs that may contribute to the bioactivity against soilborne plant pathogens. To this end, split Petri dish assays of bacterial cultures have been combined with GC-MS measurements with the aim to reveal the identity of the VOCs which inhibit the growth of Pythium ultimum Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia minor. While AZ78 completely suppressed the growth of P. ultimum and S. minor, the growth of R. solani was still reduced significantly. The GC-MS analysis revealed 22 VOCs to be produced by AZ78, the majority of which were (putatively) identified as mono- and dialkylated methoxypyrazines. Based on additional cultivation and GC-MS experiments, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-3-methoxypyrazine and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine were selected as presumable bioactive compounds. Further bioassays employing indirect exposure to standard solutions (1–10 mg per Petri dish) of the synthetic compounds via the gas phase, revealed that each of these pyrazines was able to suppress the growth of the pathogens under investigation. The results of this study highlight the possible future implementation of pyrazine derivatives in the control of soilborne plant diseases and further support the biocontrol potential of L. capsici AZ78.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Vlassi
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Andrea Nesler
- Bi-PA nv (Biological Products for Agriculture), Londerzeel, Belgium
| | - Michele Perazzolli
- Center of Agriculture, Food, Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Valentina Lazazzara
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Christoph Büschl
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Alexandra Parich
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Gerardo Puopolo
- Center of Agriculture, Food, Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
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Rojas S M, Chejne F, Ciro H, Montoya J. Roasting impact on the chemical and physical structure of
Criollo
cocoa variety (
Theobroma cacao L
). J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Rojas S
- Facultad de Minas, Escuela de Procesos y EnergíaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín Antioquia Colombia
| | - Farid Chejne
- Facultad de Minas, Escuela de Procesos y EnergíaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín Antioquia Colombia
| | - Héctor Ciro
- Departamento de Ingeniería agrícola y alimentosUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín, Antioquia Colombia
| | - Jorge Montoya
- Facultad de Minas, Escuela de Procesos y EnergíaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín Antioquia Colombia
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31
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Kim D, Ghosh P, Kwon NY, Han SH, Han S, Mishra NK, Kim S, Kim IS. Deoxygenative Amination of Azine- N-oxides with Acyl Azides via [3 + 2] Cycloaddition. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2476-2485. [PMID: 31904240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free deoxygenative C-H amination reaction of azine-N-oxides with acyl azides is described. The initial formation of an isocyanate from the starting acyl azide via a Curtius rearrangement can trigger a [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition of polar N-oxide fragments to generate the aminated azine derivative. The applicability of this method is highlighted by the late-stage and sequential amination reactions of complex bioactive compounds, including quinidine and fasudil. Moreover, the direct transformation of aminated azines into various bioactive N-heterocycles illustrates the significance of this newly developed protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongeun Kim
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Prithwish Ghosh
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kwon
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Han
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sangil Han
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Neeraj Kumar Mishra
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Saegun Kim
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
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32
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Verbitskiy EV, Rusinov GL, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON. Development of new antituberculosis drugs among of 1,3- and 1,4-diazines. Highlights and perspectives. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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33
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Micheletti G, Calonghi N, Farruggia G, Strocchi E, Palmacci V, Telese D, Bordoni S, Frisco G, Boga C. Synthesis of Novel Structural Hybrids between Aza-Heterocycles and Azelaic Acid Moiety with a Specific Activity on Osteosarcoma Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020404. [PMID: 31963693 PMCID: PMC7024557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine compounds bearing pyridinyl (or piperidinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzotriazolyl) groups bound to an azelayl moiety through an amide bond were synthesized. The structural analogy with some histone deacetylase inhibitors inspired their syntheses, seeking new selective histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). The azelayl moiety recalls part of 9-hydroxystearic acid, a cellular lipid showing antiproliferative activity toward cancer cells with HDAC as a molecular target. Azelayl derivatives bound to a benzothiazolyl moiety further proved to be active as HDACi. The novel compounds were tested on a panel of both normal and tumor cell lines. Non-specific induction of cytotoxicity was observed in the normal cell line, while three of them induced a biological effect only on the osteosarcoma (U2OS) cell line. One of them induced a change in nuclear shape and size. Cell-cycle alterations are associated with post-transcriptional modification of both H2/H3 and H4 histones. In line with recent studies, revealing unexpected HDAC7 function in osteoclasts, molecular docking studies on the active molecules predicted their proneness to interact with HDAC7. By reducing side effects associated with the action of the first-generation inhibitors, the herein reported compounds, thus, sound promising as selective HDACi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Micheletti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry ‘Toso Montanari’, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Viale Del Risorgimento, 4 402136 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (V.P.); (D.T.); (S.B.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (N.C.); Tel.: +39-051-2093641 (G.M.); +39-051-2091231 (N.C.)
| | - Natalia Calonghi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48,40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.F.); (G.F.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (N.C.); Tel.: +39-051-2093641 (G.M.); +39-051-2091231 (N.C.)
| | - Giovanna Farruggia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48,40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.F.); (G.F.)
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Viale delle Medaglie d’Oro, 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Strocchi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry ‘Toso Montanari’, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Viale Del Risorgimento, 4 402136 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (V.P.); (D.T.); (S.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Palmacci
- Department of Industrial Chemistry ‘Toso Montanari’, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Viale Del Risorgimento, 4 402136 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (V.P.); (D.T.); (S.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Dario Telese
- Department of Industrial Chemistry ‘Toso Montanari’, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Viale Del Risorgimento, 4 402136 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (V.P.); (D.T.); (S.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Silvia Bordoni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry ‘Toso Montanari’, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Viale Del Risorgimento, 4 402136 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (V.P.); (D.T.); (S.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Giulia Frisco
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48,40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.F.); (G.F.)
| | - Carla Boga
- Department of Industrial Chemistry ‘Toso Montanari’, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Viale Del Risorgimento, 4 402136 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (V.P.); (D.T.); (S.B.); (C.B.)
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Beegum S, Mary YS, Mary YS, Thomas R, Armaković S, Armaković SJ, Zitko J, Dolezal M, Van Alsenoy C. Exploring the detailed spectroscopic characteristics, chemical and biological activity of two cyanopyrazine-2-carboxamide derivatives using experimental and theoretical tools. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 224:117414. [PMID: 31376725 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This article represents the spectroscopic and computational studies of two new pyrazine compounds. In order to establish the structure and functional nature of the compounds, we have employed Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, and ultraviolet (UV) absorptions and have compared them with the simulated computational spectra and found that they are in the agreeable range. Simulated hyperpolarisability values are used to obtain the nonlinear optic (NLO) activity of the compound, to be used in organic electronic materials. The charge transfer and related properties was investigated by the simulation of electronic spectrum with time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). Natural transition orbitals (NTO) provides information about which region of the molecules are more involved in the electronic transitions and the charge transfer properties for the lowest energy excitation have been analyzed on the basis of electron density variation. Molecular dynamics simulations provide information about the behavior of the molecule in solutions. Frontier orbital analysis and study of various reactivity descriptors like ALIE and Fukui provided deep knowledge on the reactivity side. Molecular docking has been also performed to investigate the interaction between title molecules and exhibits inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enoyl-Acyl carrier protein reductase (Fabl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shargina Beegum
- Department of Physics, Fatima Mata National College, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Y Sheena Mary
- Department of Physics, Fatima Mata National College, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Y Shyma Mary
- Department of Physics, Fatima Mata National College, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Renjith Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, St Berchmans College (Autonomous), Changanassery, Kerala, India 686101.
| | - Stevan Armaković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics, Trg D. Obradovića 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sanja J Armaković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jan Zitko
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dolezal
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - C Van Alsenoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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35
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Bouz G, Juhás M, Pausas Otero L, Paredes de la Red C, Janďourek O, Konečná K, Paterová P, Kubíček V, Janoušek J, Doležal M, Zitko J. Substituted N-(Pyrazin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamides; Synthesis, Anti-Infective Evaluation, Cytotoxicity, and In Silico Studies. Molecules 2019; 25:E138. [PMID: 31905775 PMCID: PMC6982817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We prepared a series of substituted N-(pyrazin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamides as an attempt to investigate the effect of different linkers connecting pyrazine to benzene cores on antimicrobial activity when compared to our previous compounds of amide or retro-amide linker type. Only two compounds, 4-amino-N-(pyrazin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (MIC = 6.25 μg/mL, 25 μM) and 4-amino-N-(6-chloropyrazin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (MIC = 6.25 μg/mL, 22 μM) exerted good antitubercular activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. However, they were excluded from the comparison as they-unlike the other compounds-possessed the pharmacophore for the inhibition of folate pathway, which was proven by docking studies. We performed target fishing, where we identified matrix metalloproteinase-8 as a promising target for our title compounds that is worth future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Bouz
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (L.P.O.); (C.P.d.l.R.); (O.J.); (K.K.); (V.K.); (J.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Martin Juhás
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (L.P.O.); (C.P.d.l.R.); (O.J.); (K.K.); (V.K.); (J.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Lluis Pausas Otero
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (L.P.O.); (C.P.d.l.R.); (O.J.); (K.K.); (V.K.); (J.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Cristina Paredes de la Red
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (L.P.O.); (C.P.d.l.R.); (O.J.); (K.K.); (V.K.); (J.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Ondřej Janďourek
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (L.P.O.); (C.P.d.l.R.); (O.J.); (K.K.); (V.K.); (J.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Klára Konečná
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (L.P.O.); (C.P.d.l.R.); (O.J.); (K.K.); (V.K.); (J.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Pavla Paterová
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Vladimír Kubíček
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (L.P.O.); (C.P.d.l.R.); (O.J.); (K.K.); (V.K.); (J.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Jiří Janoušek
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (L.P.O.); (C.P.d.l.R.); (O.J.); (K.K.); (V.K.); (J.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Martin Doležal
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (L.P.O.); (C.P.d.l.R.); (O.J.); (K.K.); (V.K.); (J.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Jan Zitko
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (L.P.O.); (C.P.d.l.R.); (O.J.); (K.K.); (V.K.); (J.J.); (M.D.)
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O. Salas C, Zarate AM, Kryštof V, Mella J, Faundez M, Brea J, Loza MI, Brito I, Hendrychová D, Jorda R, Cabrera AR, Tapia RA, Espinosa-Bustos C. Promising 2,6,9-Trisubstituted Purine Derivatives for Anticancer Compounds: Synthesis, 3D-QSAR, and Preliminary Biological Assays. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010161. [PMID: 31881717 PMCID: PMC6981454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed, synthesized, and evaluated novel 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine derivatives for their prospective role as antitumor compounds. Using simple and efficient methodologies, 31 compounds were obtained. We tested these compounds in vitro to draw conclusions about their cell toxicity on seven cancer cells lines and one non-neoplastic cell line. Structural requirements for antitumor activity on two different cancer cell lines were analyzed with SAR and 3D-QSAR. The 3D-QSAR models showed that steric properties could better explain the cytotoxicity of compounds than electronic properties (70% and 30% of contribution, respectively). From this analysis, we concluded that an arylpiperazinyl system connected at position 6 of the purine ring is beneficial for cytotoxic activity, while the use of bulky systems at position C-2 of the purine is not favorable. Compound 7h was found to be an effective potential agent when compared with a currently marketed drug, cisplatin, in four out of the seven cancer cell lines tested. Compound 7h showed the highest potency, unprecedented selectivity, and complied with all the Lipinski rules. Finally, it was demonstrated that 7h induced apoptosis and caused cell cycle arrest at the S-phase on HL-60 cells. Our study suggests that substitution in the purine core by arylpiperidine moiety is essential to obtain derivatives with potential anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian O. Salas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile 702843, Chile; (A.M.Z.); (R.A.T.)
- Correspondence: (C.O.S.); (C.E.-B.); Tel.: +56-22-354-4427 (C.O.S.); +56-22-354-4838 (C.E.-B.)
| | - Ana Maria Zarate
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile 702843, Chile; (A.M.Z.); (R.A.T.)
| | - Vladimir Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (D.H.); (R.J.)
| | - Jaime Mella
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, 2360102, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Casilla 5030, Chile;
| | - Mario Faundez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile 702843, Chile;
| | - Jose Brea
- Innopharma Screening Platform-BioFarma Research Group, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; (J.B.); (M.I.L.)
| | - María Isabel Loza
- Innopharma Screening Platform-BioFarma Research Group, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; (J.B.); (M.I.L.)
| | - Ivan Brito
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Angamos 601, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile;
| | - Denisa Hendrychová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (D.H.); (R.J.)
| | - Radek Jorda
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (D.H.); (R.J.)
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alan R. Cabrera
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile 702843, Chile;
| | - Ricardo A. Tapia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile 702843, Chile; (A.M.Z.); (R.A.T.)
| | - Christian Espinosa-Bustos
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile 702843, Chile;
- Correspondence: (C.O.S.); (C.E.-B.); Tel.: +56-22-354-4427 (C.O.S.); +56-22-354-4838 (C.E.-B.)
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Masuo S, Tsuda Y, Namai T, Minakawa H, Shigemoto R, Takaya N. Enzymatic Cascade in Pseudomonas that Produces Pyrazine from α-Amino Acids. Chembiochem 2019; 21:353-359. [PMID: 31322801 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazines are widespread chemical compounds that include pheromones and odors. Herein, a novel mechanism used by Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 to biosynthesize monocyclic pyrazines is reported. Heterologous expression of the papABC genes that synthesize the natural α-amino acid 4-aminophenylalanine (4APhe), together with three adjacent papDEF genes of unknown function, in Escherichia coli resulted in the production of 2,5-dimethyl-3,6-bis(4-aminobenzyl)pyrazine (DMBAP), which comprised two symmetrical aminobenzyl moieties derived from 4APhe. It is found that PapD is a novel amino acid C-acetyltransferase, which decarboxylates and transfers acetyl residues to 4APhe, to generate an α-aminoketone, which spontaneously dehydrates and condenses to give dihydro DMBAP. PapF is a novel oxidase in the amine oxidase superfamily that oxidizes dihydro DMBAP to yield the pyrazine ring of DMBAP. These two enzymes constitute a unique mechanism for synthesizing monocyclic pyrazines and might serve as a novel strategy for the enzymatic synthesis of pyrazine derivatives from natural α-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Masuo
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsuda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tomohito Namai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hajime Minakawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Shigemoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Naoki Takaya
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
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Cañete-Molina Á, Espinosa-Bustos C, González-Castro M, Faúndez M, Mella J, Tapia RA, Cabrera AR, Brito I, Aguirre A, Salas CO. Design, synthesis, cytotoxicity and 3D-QSAR analysis of new 3,6-disubstituted-1,2,4,5-tetrazine derivatives as potential antitumor agents. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Brandão P, Pineiro M, Pinho e Melo TMVD. Flow Chemistry: Towards A More Sustainable Heterocyclic Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Brandão
- CQC and Department of Chemistry; University of Coimbra; 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
- Centro de Química de Évora; Institute for Research and Advanced Studies; University of Évora; 7000 Évora Portugal
| | - Marta Pineiro
- CQC and Department of Chemistry; University of Coimbra; 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
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Streamlined Routes to Phenacyl Azides and 2,5-Diarylpyrazines Enabled by Deep Eutectic Solvents. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Natural Products from the Marine-Derived Penicillium sp. IMB17-046. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152821. [PMID: 31382398 PMCID: PMC6696147 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A new pyrazine derivative, trypilepyrazinol (1), a new α-pyrone polyketide, (+)-neocitreoviridin (2), and a new ergostane analogue, 3β-hydroxyergosta-8,14,24(28)-trien-7-one (3), were isolated and characterized along with five known compounds from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. IMB17-046. The structures of these new compounds were determined using spectroscopic data analyses (HRESIMS, 1D- and 2D-NMR), X-ray crystallography analysis, and TDDFT ECD calculation. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited broad-spectrum antiviral activities against different types of viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and influenza A virus (IAV), with IC50 values ranging from 0.5 to 7.7 μM. Compounds 1 and 2 showed antibacterial activities against Helicobacter pylori, a causative pathogen of various gastric diseases, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1–16 μg/mL.
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Ghosh P, Kwon NY, Han S, Kim S, Han SH, Mishra NK, Jung YH, Chung SJ, Kim IS. Site-Selective C-H Alkylation of Diazine N-Oxides Enabled by Phosphonium Ylides. Org Lett 2019; 21:6488-6493. [PMID: 31373494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of alkylated diazine derivatives is important for their practical utilization as pharmaceuticals and for other purposes. Herein, we describe the metal-free site-selective C-H alkylation of diazine N-oxides using phosphonium ylides that affords a variety of alkylated diazine derivatives with broad functional group tolerance. The utility of this method is showcased by the late-stage functionalization of a commercially available drug such as varenicline. Notably, the sequential C-H alkylation of pyrazine N-oxides for the total synthesis of a pyrazine-containing natural product, paenibacillin A, highlights the importance of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithwish Ghosh
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kwon
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sangil Han
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Saegun Kim
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Han
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Neeraj Kumar Mishra
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang J Chung
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
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43
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Shi RJ, Yang ZZ, Gao YT, Cai WJ, Ye C, Xu F, Wang J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 6-alkoxy-3-aryl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5] tetrazines. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519819861865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of 6-alkoxy-3-aryl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3- b][1,2,4,5] tetrazine derivatives is synthesized and evaluated for their antitumor activities. These compounds exhibit potent antiproliferative activities against A549, Bewo, and MCF-7 cells. Molecular docking is performed to study the inhibitor–c-Met kinase interactions, and the results show that 6-ethoxyl-3-phenylethyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3- b][1,2,4,5] tetrazine is potently bound to c-Met kinase with two hydrogen bonds and one π–π interaction. Based on these preliminary results, it is thought that compound 6-ethoxyl-3-phenylethyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3- b][1,2,4,5] tetrazine with potent inhibitory activity may be a potential anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Jie Shi
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Yang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Tao Gao
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jin Cai
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou, P.R. China
| | - Can Ye
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou, P.R. China
| | - John Wang
- ImmuOn Therapeutics, Nantong, P.R. China
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Substantiation to structure-property of pyrazine-based compounds by undeniable impress of its different connectivities. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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KomReddy V, Rillema DP, Nguyen H, Kadel L. Synthesis and Characterization of 2‐(2‐Pyridinyl)pyrazine and 2,2′‐Bipyrazine Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal KomReddy
- Department of Chemistry Wichita State University Wichita Kansas 67260 USA
| | - D. Paul Rillema
- Department of Chemistry Wichita State University Wichita Kansas 67260 USA
| | - Huy Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry Wichita State University Wichita Kansas 67260 USA
| | - Lava Kadel
- Department of Chemistry Wichita State University Wichita Kansas 67260 USA
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Zhai K, Lai M, Wu Z, Zhao M, Jing Y, Liu P. Synthesis and initial thermal behavior investigation of 2-alkenyl substituted pyrazine N-oxides. CATAL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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47
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Preparation of new halogenated diphenyl pyrazine analogs in Escherichia coli by a mono-module fungal nonribosomal peptide synthetase from Penicillium herquei. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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48
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Al-Tamimi AMS, Mary YS, Miniyar PB, Al-Wahaibi LH, El-Emam AA, Armaković S, Armaković SJ. Synthesis, spectroscopic analyses, chemical reactivity and molecular docking study and anti-tubercular activity of pyrazine and condensed oxadiazole derivatives. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Li Y, Lai M, Wu Z, Zhao M, Zhang M. Synthesis of 2-Acyl-Substituted Pyrazine Derivatives through Silver-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- College of Tobacco Science; Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou 450002 P.R. China
| | - Miao Lai
- College of Tobacco Science; Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou 450002 P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- College of Tobacco Science; Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou 450002 P.R. China
| | - Mingqin Zhao
- College of Tobacco Science; Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou 450002 P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science; Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou 450002 P.R. China
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50
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Synthesis of Alkyl-Substituted Pyrazine N
-Oxides by Transition-Metal-Free Oxidative Cross-Coupling Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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