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Zhang J, Tang M, Shang J. PPARγ Modulators in Lung Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Prospects, and Challenges. Biomolecules 2024; 14:190. [PMID: 38397426 PMCID: PMC10886696 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ, NR1C3) is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that governs the expression of genes involved in glucolipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, cell differentiation, and inflammation. Multiple studies have demonstrated that PPARγ activation exerts anti-tumor effects in lung cancer through regulation of lipid metabolism, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest, as well as inhibition of invasion and migration. Interestingly, PPARγ activation may have pro-tumor effects on cells of the tumor microenvironment, especially myeloid cells. Recent clinical data has substantiated the potential of PPARγ agonists as therapeutic agents for lung cancer. Additionally, PPARγ agonists also show synergistic effects with traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, the clinical application of PPARγ agonists remains limited due to the presence of adverse side effects. Thus, further research and clinical trials are necessary to comprehensively explore the actions of PPARγ in both tumor and stromal cells and to evaluate the in vivo toxicity. This review aims to consolidate the molecular mechanism of PPARγ modulators and to discuss their clinical prospects and challenges in tackling lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China;
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Miru Tang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jinsai Shang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China;
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
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2
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Takahashi S, Takada I, Hashimoto K, Yokoyama A, Nakagawa T, Makishima M, Kume H. ESS2 controls prostate cancer progression through recruitment of chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12355. [PMID: 37524814 PMCID: PMC10390525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapy using poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors has improved survival in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, this approach is only effective in patients with specific genetic mutations, and additional drug discovery targeting epigenetic modulators is required. Here, we evaluated the involvement of the transcriptional coregulator ESS2 in prostate cancer. ESS2-knockdown PC3 cells dramatically inhibited proliferation in tumor xenografts in nude mice. Microarray analysis revealed that ESS2 regulated mRNA levels of chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1 (CHD1)-related genes and other cancer-related genes, such as PPAR-γ, WNT5A, and TGF-β, in prostate cancer. ESS2 knockdown reduced nuclear factor (NF)-κB/CHD1 recruitment and histone H3K36me3 levels on the promoters of target genes (TNF and CCL2). In addition, we found that the transcriptional activities of NF-κB, NFAT and SMAD2/3 were enhanced by ESS2. Tamoxifen-inducible Ess2-knockout mice showed delayed prostate development with hypoplasia and disruption of luminal cells in the ventral prostate. Overall, these findings identified ESS2 acts as a transcriptional coregulator in prostate cancer and ESS2 can be novel epigenetic therapeutic target for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Takahashi
- Department of Urology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- Department of Urology, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Takada
- Department of Urology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tohru Nakagawa
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Haruki Kume
- Department of Urology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Urology, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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de Carvalho MV, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Silva AR. PPAR Gamma: From Definition to Molecular Targets and Therapy of Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E805. [PMID: 33467433 PMCID: PMC7830538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate the expression of genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammation. There are three members: PPARα, PPARβ or PPARγ. PPARγ have several ligands. The natural agonists are omega 9, curcumin, eicosanoids and others. Among the synthetic ligands, we highlight the thiazolidinediones, clinically used as an antidiabetic. Many of these studies involve natural or synthetic products in different pathologies. The mechanisms that regulate PPARγ involve post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, sumoylation and ubiquitination, among others. It is known that anti-inflammatory mechanisms involve the inhibition of other transcription factors, such as nuclear factor kB(NFκB), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) or activator protein 1 (AP-1), or intracellular signaling proteins such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. PPARγ transrepresses other transcription factors and consequently inhibits gene expression of inflammatory mediators, known as biomarkers for morbidity and mortality, leading to control of the exacerbated inflammation that occurs, for instance, in lung injury/acute respiratory distress. Many studies have shown the therapeutic potentials of PPARγ on pulmonary diseases. Herein, we describe activities of the PPARγ as a modulator of inflammation, focusing on lung injury and including definition and mechanisms of regulation, biological effects and molecular targets, and its role in lung diseases caused by inflammatory stimuli, bacteria and virus, and molecular-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia V. de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Cassiano F. Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
| | - Adriana R. Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
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Chen P, Chen X, Lei L, Zhang Y, Xiang J, Zhou J, Lv J. The efficacy and safety of pioglitazone in psoriasis vulgaris: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21549. [PMID: 32769894 PMCID: PMC7593001 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioglitazone may have potential benefits in the treatment of cutaneous and metabolic derangements of psoriasis, but its role in the treatment of psoriasis remains in debate. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of pioglitazone in psoriasis vulgaris (PsV).We performed a comprehensive search in database of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan fang database through March 2019 to identify eligible studies. Randomized controlled trials that have evaluated the effect and safety of pioglitazone in PsV were included. Treatment success was defined as ≥75% reduction in psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score after treatment. Weighted mean differences (WMD), relative risks (RRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to compare the clinical efficacy and safety between different groups.Six randomized controlled trials (n = 270) were included. Meta-analysis showed that pioglitazone was associated with a remarkable reduction in PASI score in patients with PsV (weight mean difference: 2.68, 95% CI 1.41-3.94, P < .001). The treatment success rate in the pioglitazone group was higher than in the control group (RR 3.60, 95 CI 1.61-8.01, P < .001). Compared with control group, pioglitazone was not related to a pronounced increase in total adverse events (RR 1.180, 95 CI 0.85-1.63, P = .33). Moreover, the risk of common adverse events in the 2 groups were similar, such as elevated liver enzyme, fatigue, nausea, weight gain.This meta-analysis suggested pioglitazone is an effective and safe drug in the treatment of patients with PsV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi
| | - Xiubing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi
| | | | - Jianjun Xiang
- Department of Medical Section, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi
| | - Jinxia Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Dermatology
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Wu L, Guo C, Wu J. Therapeutic potential of PPARγ natural agonists in liver diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2736-2748. [PMID: 32031298 PMCID: PMC7077554 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a vital subtype of the PPAR family. The biological functions are complex and diverse. PPARγ plays a significant role in protecting the liver from inflammation, oxidation, fibrosis, fatty liver and tumours. Natural products are a promising pool for drug discovery, and enormous research effort has been invested in exploring the PPARγ‐activating potential of natural products. In this manuscript, we will review the research progress of PPARγ agonists from natural products in recent years and probe into the application potential and prospects of PPARγ natural agonists in the therapy of various liver diseases, including inflammation, hepatic fibrosis, non‐alcoholic fatty liver and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Takada I, Makishima M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists and antagonists: a patent review (2014-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 30:1-13. [PMID: 31825687 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1703952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), PPARα, PPARδ, and PPARγ, play an important role in the regulation of various physiological processes, specifically lipid and energy metabolism and immunity. PPARα agonists (fibrates) and PPARγ agonists (thiazolidinediones) are used for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and type 2 diabetes, respectively. PPARδ activation enhances mitochondrial and energy metabolism but PPARδ-acting drugs are not yet available. Many synthetic ligands for PPARs have been developed to expand their therapeutic applications.Areas covered: The authors searched recent patent activity regarding PPAR ligands. Novel PPARα agonists, PPARδ agonists, PPARγ agonists, PPARα/γ dual agonists, and PPARγ antagonists have been claimed for the treatment of metabolic disease and inflammatory disease. Methods for the combination of PPAR ligands with other drugs and expanded application of PPAR agonists for bone and neurological disease have been also claimed.Expert opinion: Novel PPAR ligands and the combination of PPAR ligands with other drugs have been claimed for the treatment of mitochondrial disease, inflammatory/autoimmune disease, neurological disease, and cancer in addition to metabolic diseases including dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes. Selective therapeutic actions of PPAR ligands should be exploited to avoid adverse effects. More basic studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of selective actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Takada
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang J, Wang B, Zhang Y. Agonism activities of lyso-phosphatidylcholines (LPC) Ligands binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:398-409. [PMID: 31025599 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1577175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PPARγ is an isoform of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) belonging to a super family of nuclear receptors and is a primary target of the effective drug to treat the type II diabetes. The experiments found that Lyso-phosphatidylcholines (LPC) could bind to PPARγ, but the binding modes remain unknown. We used the Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations to study the binding of four LPC ligands (LPC16:0, LPC18:0, LPC18:1-1 and LPC18:1-2) to PPARγ. The two-step MD simulations were employed to determine the final binding modes. The 20 ns MD simulations for four final LPC-PPARγ complexes were performed to analyze their structures, the binding key residues, and agonism activities. The results reveal that three LPC ligands (LPC16:0, LPC18:0 and LPC18:1-1) bind to Arm II and III regions of the Ligand Binding Domain (LBD) pocket, whereas they do not interact with Tyr473 of Helix 12 (H12). In contrast, LPC18:1-2 can form the hydrogen bonds with Tyr473 and bind into Arm I and II regions. Comparing with the paradigm systems of the full agonist (Rosiglitazone-PPARγ) and the partial agonist (MRL24-PPARγ), our results indicate that LPC16:0, LPC18:0 and LPC18:1-1 could be the potential partial agonists and LPC18:1-2 could be a full agonist. The in-depth analysis of the residue fluctuations and structure alignment confirm the present prediction of the LPC agonism activities.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP) Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bohong Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP) Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP) Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.,Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Jung HY, Kim B, Ryu HG, Ji Y, Park S, Choi SH, Lee D, Lee IK, Kim M, Lee YJ, Song W, Lee YH, Choi HJ, Hyun CK, Holzapfel WH, Kim KT. Amodiaquine improves insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in diabetic model mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018. [PMID: 29516607 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)α/γ dual agonists can be beneficial for treatment of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes, their use is limited owing to various side effects, including body weight gain, edema, and heart failure. We aimed to demonstrate that amodiaquine, an antimalarial agent, has potential as a PPARα/γ dual agonist with low risk of adverse effects. METHODS We screened a Prestwick library (Prestwick Chemical; Illkirch, France) to identify novel PPARα/γ dual agonists and selected amodiaquine (4-[(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]-2-[(diethylamino)methyl]phenol), which activated both PPAR-α & -γ, for further investigation. We performed both in vitro, including glucose uptake assay and fatty acid oxidation assay, and in vivo studies to elucidate the anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of amodiaquine. RESULTS Amodiaquine selectively activated the transcriptional activities of PPARα/γ and enhanced both fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake without altering insulin secretion in vitro. In high-fat diet-induced obese and genetically modified obese/diabetic mice, amodiaquine not only remarkably ameliorated insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and fatty liver but also decreased body weight gain. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that amodiaquine exerts beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism by concurrent activation of PPARα/γ. Furthermore, amodiaquine acts as an alternative insulin-sensitizing agent with a positive influence on lipid metabolism and has potential to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes while reducing the risk of lipid abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoe-Yune Jung
- Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bobae Kim
- Department of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Guk Ryu
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yosep Ji
- Department of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Lee
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Munki Kim
- Bio Convergence Team, Advanced Bio Convergence Center, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jeong Lee
- Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Song
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Division of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Division of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Division of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kee Hyun
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Wilhelm H Holzapfel
- Department of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Tai Kim
- Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
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Jin Y, Han Y, Khadka DB, Zhao C, Lee KY, Cho WJ. Discovery of Isoquinolinoquinazolinones as a Novel Class of Potent PPARγ Antagonists with Anti-adipogenic Effects. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34661. [PMID: 27695006 PMCID: PMC5046141 DOI: 10.1038/srep34661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Conformational change in helix 12 can alter ligand-induced PPARγ activity; based on this reason, isoquinolinoquinazolinones, structural homologs of berberine, were designed and synthesized as PPARγ antagonists. Computational docking and mutational study indicated that isoquinolinoquinazolinones form hydrogen bonds with the Cys285 and Arg288 residues of PPARγ. Furthermore, SPR results demonstrated strong binding affinity of isoquinolinoquinazolinones towards PPARγ. Additionally, biological assays showed that this new series of PPARγ antagonists more strongly inhibit adipocyte differentiation and PPARγ2-induced transcriptional activity than GW9662.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Younho Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Daulat Bikram Khadka
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Youl Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jea Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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10
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Biondo LA, Lima Junior EA, Souza CO, Cruz MM, Cunha RDC, Alonso-Vale MI, Oyama LM, Nascimento CMO, Pimentel GD, dos Santos RVT, Lira FS, Rosa Neto JC. Impact of Doxorubicin Treatment on the Physiological Functions of White Adipose Tissue. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151548. [PMID: 27015538 PMCID: PMC4807778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) plays a fundamental role in maintaining energy balance and important endocrine functions. The loss of WAT modifies adipokine secretion and disrupts homeostasis, potentially leading to severe metabolic effects and a reduced quality of life. Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic agent used clinically because of its good effectiveness against various types of cancer. However, doxorubicin has deleterious effects in many healthy tissues, including WAT, liver, and skeletal and cardiac muscles. Our objective was to investigate the effects of doxorubicin on white adipocytes through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Doxorubicin reduced the uptake of glucose by retroperitoneal adipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells via the inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase Thr172 phosphorylation and glucose transporter 4 content. Doxorubicin also reduced the serum level of adiponectin and, to a greater extent, the expression of genes encoding lipogenic (Fas and Acc) and adipogenic factors (Pparg, C/ebpa, and Srebp1c) in retroperitoneal adipose tissue. In addition, doxorubicin inhibited both lipogenesis and lipolysis and reduced the hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose tissue triacylglycerol lipase protein levels. Therefore, our results demonstrate the impact of doxorubicin on WAT. These results are important to understand some side effects observed in patients receiving chemotherapy and should encourage new adjuvant treatments that aim to inhibit these side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Amorim Biondo
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Alves Lima Junior
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Oliveira Souza
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maysa Mariana Cruz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta D. C. Cunha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Alonso-Vale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Department of Physiology, Physiology of Nutrition Discipline, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia M. Oller Nascimento
- Department of Physiology, Physiology of Nutrition Discipline, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Department of Physical Education, State University of São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - José Cesar Rosa Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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11
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Kaewsuwan S, Plubrukarn A, Utsintong M, Kim SH, Jeong JH, Cho JG, Park SG, Sung JH. Interruptin B induces brown adipocyte differentiation and glucose consumption in adipose-derived stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2078-86. [PMID: 26781331 PMCID: PMC4769002 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interruptin B has been isolated from Cyclosorus terminans, however, its pharamcological effect has not been fully identified. In the present study, the effects of interruptin B, from C. terminans, on brown adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were investigated. The results revealed that interruptin B dose-dependently enhanced the adipogenic differentiation of ASCs, with an induction in the mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and PPAR-γ. In addition, interruptin B efficiently increased the number and the membrane potential of mitochondria and upregulated the mRNA expression levels of uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, which are all predominantly expressed in brown adipocytes. Interruptin B increased glucose consumption in differentiated ASCs, accompanied by the upregulation in the mRNA expression levels of glucose transporter (GLUT)-1 and GLUT-4. The computational analysis of molecular docking, a luciferase reporter assay and surface plasmon resonance confirmed the marked binding affinity of interruptin B to PPAR-α and PPAR-γ (KD values of 5.32 and 0.10 µM, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report to show the stimulatory effects of interruptin B on brown adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake in ASCs, through its role as a dual PPAR-α and PPAR-γ ligand. Therefore, interruptin B could be further developed as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sireewan Kaewsuwan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Anuchit Plubrukarn
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Maleeruk Utsintong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon 487‑600, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyun Jeong
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 405‑750, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gu Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 405‑750, Republic of Korea
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Chung JE, Park JH, Yun JW, Kang YH, Park BW, Hwang SC, Cho YC, Sung IY, Woo DK, Byun JH. Cultured Human Periosteum-Derived Cells Can Differentiate into Osteoblasts in a Perioxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma-Mediated Fashion via Bone Morphogenetic Protein signaling. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:806-818. [PMID: 27877072 PMCID: PMC5118751 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.16484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards an osteoblastic fate depends on numerous signaling pathways, including activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling components. Commitment to osteogenesis is associated with activation of osteoblast-related signal transduction, whereas inactivation of this signal transduction favors adipogenesis. BMP signaling also has a critical role in the processes by which mesenchymal stem cells undergo commitment to the adipocyte lineage. In our previous study, we demonstrated that an agonist of the perioxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, stimulates osteoblastic differentiation of cultured human periosteum-derived cells. In this study, we used dorsomorphin, a selective small molecule inhibitor of BMP signaling, to investigate whether BMP signaling is involved in the positive effects of PPARγ agonists on osteogenic phenotypes of cultured human periosteum-derived cells. Both histochemical detection and bioactivity of ALP were clearly increased in the periosteum-derived cells treated with the PPARγ agonist at day 10 of culture. Treatment with the PPARγ agonist also caused an increase in alizarin red S staining and calcium content in the periosteum-derived osteoblasts at 2 and 3 weeks of culture. In contrast, dorsomorphin markedly decreased ALP activity, alizarin red S staining and calcium content in both the cells treated with PPARγ agonist and the cells cultured in osteogenic induction media without PPARγ agonist during the culture period. In addition, the PPARγ agonist clearly increased osteogenic differentiation medium-induced BMP-2 upregulation in the periosteum-derived osteoblastic cells at 2 weeks of culture as determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoblotting, and immunocytochemical analyses. Although further study will be needed to clarify the mechanisms of PPARγ-regulated osteogenesis, our results suggest that the positive effects of a PPARγ agonist on the osteogenic phenotypes of cultured human periosteum-derived cells seem to be dependent on BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Eun Chung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Cheol Cho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Iel-Yong Sung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
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13
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Giampietro L, Ammazzalorso A, Bruno I, Carradori S, De Filippis B, Fantacuzzi M, Giancristofaro A, Maccallini C, Amoroso R. Synthesis of Naphthyl-, Quinolin- and Anthracenyl Analogues of Clofibric Acid as PPARαAgonists. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 87:467-71. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Giampietro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università “G. d'Annunzio” di Chieti; via dei Vestini 66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Alessandra Ammazzalorso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università “G. d'Annunzio” di Chieti; via dei Vestini 66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Isabella Bruno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università “G. d'Annunzio” di Chieti; via dei Vestini 66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università “G. d'Annunzio” di Chieti; via dei Vestini 66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università “G. d'Annunzio” di Chieti; via dei Vestini 66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Marialuigia Fantacuzzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università “G. d'Annunzio” di Chieti; via dei Vestini 66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Antonella Giancristofaro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università “G. d'Annunzio” di Chieti; via dei Vestini 66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Cristina Maccallini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università “G. d'Annunzio” di Chieti; via dei Vestini 66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università “G. d'Annunzio” di Chieti; via dei Vestini 66100 Chieti Italy
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Takada I, Makishima M. Therapeutic application of vitamin D receptor ligands: an updated patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:1373-83. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2015.1093113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Peng XR, Gennemark P, O’Mahony G, Bartesaghi S. Unlock the Thermogenic Potential of Adipose Tissue: Pharmacological Modulation and Implications for Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:174. [PMID: 26635723 PMCID: PMC4657528 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is considered an interesting target organ for the treatment of metabolic disease due to its high metabolic capacity. Non-shivering thermogenesis, once activated, can lead to enhanced partitioning and oxidation of fuels in adipose tissues, and reduce the burden of glucose and lipids on other metabolic organs such as liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. Sustained long-term activation of BAT may also lead to meaningful bodyweight loss. In this review, we discuss three different drug classes [the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of PPARγ agonists, β3-adrenergic receptor agonists, and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analogs] that have been proposed to regulate BAT and beige recruitment or activation, or both, and which have been tested in both rodent and human. The learnings from these classes suggest that restoration of functional BAT and beige mass as well as improved activation might be required to fully realize the metabolic potential of these tissues. Whether this can be achieved without the undesired cardiovascular side effects exhibited by the TZD PPARγ agonists and β3-adrenergic receptor agonists remains to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rong Peng
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases IMED Biotech Unit, Diabetes Bioscience Department, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Rong Peng,
| | - Peter Gennemark
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases IMED Biotech Unit, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gavin O’Mahony
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases IMED Biotech Unit, Medicinal Chemistry Department, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Stefano Bartesaghi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases IMED Biotech Unit, Diabetes Bioscience Department, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
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