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Maeba T, Hirata K, Kotoku M, Seki N, Maeda K, Hirashima S, Yamanaka H, Sakai T, Obika S, Hori A, Hara Y, Noji S, Suwa Y, Yokota M, Fujioka S, Yamaguchi T, Katsuda Y, Hata T, Miyagawa N, Arita K, Nomura Y, Taniguchi T, Asahina K, Aratsu Y, Naka Y, Adachi T, Nomura A, Akai S, Oshida SI, Pai S, Crowe P, Bradley E, Steensma R, Tao H, Fenn M, Babine R, Li X, Thacher S, Soeta T, Ukaji Y, Shiozaki M. Discovery and SAR of JTE-151: A Novel RORγ Inhibitor for Clinical Development. J Med Chem 2024; 67:952-970. [PMID: 38170624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A number of RORγ inhibitors have been reported over the past decade. There were also several examples advancing to human clinical trials, however, none of them has reached the market yet, suggesting that there could be common obstacles for their future development. As was expected from the general homology of nuclear receptor ligands, insufficient selectivity as well as poor physicochemical properties were identified as potential risks for a RORγ program. Based on such considerations, we conducted a SAR investigation by prioritizing drug-like properties to mitigate such potential drawbacks. After an intensive SAR exploration with strong emphasis on "drug-likeness" indices, an orally available RORγ inhibitor, JTE-151, was finally generated and was advanced to a human clinical trial. The compound was confirmed to possess highly selective profiles along with good metabolic stability, and most beneficially, no serious adverse events (SAE) and good PK profiles were observed in the human clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Maeba
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hirata
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kotoku
- Akros Pharma Inc., Boston Office, One Broadway, 14th Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Noriyoshi Seki
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Katsuya Maeda
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hirashima
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamanaka
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sakai
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shingo Obika
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Akimi Hori
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hara
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Satoru Noji
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Suwa
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yokota
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shingo Fujioka
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamaguchi
- Pharmaceutical Division, Japan Tobacco Inc., 3-4-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0023, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Katsuda
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hata
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Naoki Miyagawa
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Kojo Arita
- Pharmaceutical Division, Japan Tobacco Inc., 3-4-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0023, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Nomura
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Toshio Taniguchi
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Kota Asahina
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yusuke Aratsu
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yuichi Naka
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Adachi
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nomura
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shota Akai
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Oshida
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Yokohama Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-13-2, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Sudhakar Pai
- Akros Pharma Inc., 302 Carnegie Center, Suite 300, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Paul Crowe
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Erin Bradley
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ruo Steensma
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Haiyan Tao
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Morgan Fenn
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert Babine
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Scott Thacher
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Takahiro Soeta
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ukaji
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Makoto Shiozaki
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
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2
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Zeng J, Li M, Zhao Q, Chen M, Zhao L, Wei S, Yang H, Zhao Y, Wang A, Shen J, Du F, Chen Y, Deng S, Wang F, Zhang Z, Li Z, Wang T, Wang S, Xiao Z, Wu X. Small molecule inhibitors of RORγt for Th17 regulation in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:545-562. [PMID: 37440911 PMCID: PMC10334362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a ligand-dependent transcription factor, retinoid-associated orphan receptor γt (RORγt) that controls T helper (Th) 17 cell differentiation and interleukin (IL)-17 expression plays a critical role in the progression of several inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. An emerging novel approach to the therapy of these diseases thus involves controlling the transcriptional capacity of RORγt to decrease Th17 cell development and IL-17 production. Several RORγt inhibitors including both antagonists and inverse agonists have been discovered to regulate the transcriptional activity of RORγt by binding to orthosteric- or allosteric-binding sites in the ligand-binding domain. Some of small-molecule inhibitors have entered clinical evaluations. Therefore, in current review, the role of RORγt in Th17 regulation and Th17-related inflammatory and autoimmune diseases was highlighted. Notably, the recently developed RORγt inhibitors were summarized, with an emphasis on their optimization from lead compounds, efficacy, toxicity, mechanisms of action, and clinical trials. The limitations of current development in this area were also discussed to facilitate future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuping Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Qianyun Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shulin Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Tiangang Wang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
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3
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Chen L, Su M, Wu XZ, Wang DZ, Kang YY, Wang CG, Assani I, Wang MX, Zhao SF, Lv SM, Wang JW, Sun B, Li Y, Jin Q, Huang RZ, Liao ZX. Discovery of 2H-chromone-4-one based sulfonamide derivatives as potent retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt inverse agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 229:114065. [PMID: 34971876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor related orphan receptor γt (RORγt), identified as the essential functional regulator of IL-17 producing Th17 cells, is an attractive drug target for treating autoimmune diseases. Starting from the reported GSK2981278 (Phase II), we structurally modified and synthesized a series of 2H-chromone-4-one based sulfonamide derivatives as novel RORγt inverse agonists, which significantly improved their human metabolic stabilities while maintaining a potent RORγt inverse agonist profile. Efforts in reducing the lipophilicity and improving the LLE values led to the discovery of c9, which demonstrated potent RORγt inverse agonistic activity and consistent metabolic stability. During in vivo studies, oral administration of compound c9 exhibited a robust and dose-dependent inhibition of IL-17A cytokine expression and significantly lessened the skin inflammatory symptoms in the mouse imiquimod-induced skin inflammation model. Docking analysis of the binding mode revealed that c9 can suitably occupy the active pocket, and the introduction of the morpholine pyridine group can interact with Leu396, His479, and Cys393. Thus, compound c9 was selected as a preclinical compound for treating Th17-driven autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Mei Su
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Xian-Zhi Wu
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - De-Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yang-Yang Kang
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Chun-Gu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Israa Assani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Mu-Xuan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Shi-Feng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Shen-Min Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Qiu Jin
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Ri-Zhen Huang
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Zhi-Xin Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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4
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Chen L, Su M, Jin Q, Wang CG, Assani I, Wang MX, Zhao SF, Lv SM, Wang JW, Sun B, Li Y, Liao ZX. Discovery of N-(2-benzyl-4-oxochroman-7-yl)-2-(5-(ethylsulfonyl) pyridin-2-yl) acetamide (b12) as a potent, selective, and orally available novel retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt inverse agonist. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105483. [PMID: 34906860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ, NR1F3, or RORc) exists in two isoforms, with one isoform (RORγ or RORc1) widely expressed in a variety of tissues, and the expression of the second isoform (RORγt or RORc2) restricted to the thymus and cells of the immune system. RORγt is a key regulator of the development and functions of T-helper 17 (Th17) cells. Clinical proof-of-concept (PoC) with small molecule inverse agonists of RORγt has been achieved with VTP-43742 (Phase II) for the treatment of psoriasis, and pre-clinical PoC for this mechanism has also been established for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. A series of aryl sulfonyl derivatives as novel RORγt inverse agonists were designed and synthesized based on VTP-43742. We conducted structural modifications that improved the activity profile. In pharmacodynamic (PD) studies, oral administration of compound b12 showed robust and dose-dependent inhibition of IL-6 and IL-17A cytokine expression. The ability of compound b12 to reduce the levels of IL-6 and IL-17A in vivo after oral dosing in mice, and a corresponding reduction in skin inflammation further supports the potential of small molecule RORγt modulation as a therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Mei Su
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Qiu Jin
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Chun-Gu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Israa Assani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Mu-Xuan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shi-Feng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shen-Min Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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5
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Chen L, Su M, Jin Q, Wang W, Wang CG, Assani I, Wang MX, Zhao SF, Lv SM, Wang JW, Sun B, Li Y, Liao ZX. Discovery of Chromane-6-Sulfonamide Derivative as a Potent, Selective, and Orally Available Novel Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor γt Inverse Agonist. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16106-16131. [PMID: 34723528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a dominant role in inflammation, autoimmunity, and host defense. RORγt is a key transcription factor mediating T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation and IL-17 production, which is able to activate CD8+ T cells and elicit antitumor efficacy. A series of sulfonamide derivatives as novel RORγt inverse agonists were designed and synthesized. Using GSK2981278 (phase II) as a starting point, we engineered structural modifications that significantly improved the activity and pharmacokinetic profile. In animal studies, oral administration of compound d3 showed a robust and dose-dependent inhibition of the IL-17A cytokine expression in a mouse imiquimod-induced skin inflammation model. Docking analysis of the binding mode revealed that the compound d3 occupied the active pocket suitably. Thus, compound d3 was selected as a clinical compound for the treatment of Th17-driven autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei Su
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Qiu Jin
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210042, China
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6
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Gege C. Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) inverse agonists/antagonists for the treatment of inflammatory diseases - where are we presently? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1517-1535. [PMID: 34192992 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1948833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) has been identified as the master regulator of TH17 cell differentiation and IL-17/22 production and is therefore an attractive target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Several orally or topically administered small molecule RORγt inverse agonists (RIAs) have progressed up to the end of clinical Phase 2.Areas covered: Based on publications and patent evaluations this review summarizes the evolution of the chemical matter for all 16 pharmaceutical companies, who develop(ed) a clinical-stage RIAs (until March 2021). Structure proposals for some clinical stage RIAs are presented and the outcome of the clinical trials is discussed.Expert opinion: So far, the clinical trials have been plagued with a high attrition rate. Main reasons were lack of efficacy (topical) or safety signals (oral) as well as, amongst other things, thymic lymphomas as seen with BMS-986251 in a preclinical study and liver enzyme elevations in humans with VTP-43742. Possibilities to mitigate these risks could be the use of RIAs with different chemical structures not interfering with thymocytes maturation and no livertox-inducing properties. With new frontrunners (e.g., ABBV-157 (cedirogant), BI 730357 or IMU-935) this is still an exciting time for this treatment approach.
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7
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Gege C, Albers M, Kinzel O, Kleymann G, Schlüter T, Steeneck C, Hoffmann T, Xue X, Cummings MD, Spurlino J, Milligan C, Fourie AM, Edwards JP, Leonard K, Coe K, Scott B, Pippel D, Goldberg SD. Optimization and biological evaluation of thiazole-bis-amide inverse agonists of RORγt. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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8
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Sato A, Fukase Y, Kono M, Ochida A, Oda T, Sasaki Y, Ishii N, Tomata Y, Fukumoto S, Imai YN, Uga K, Shibata A, Yamasaki M, Nakagawa H, Shirasaki M, Skene R, Hoffman I, Sang B, Snell G, Shirai J, Yamamoto S. Design and Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained RORγt Inverse Agonists. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1917-1932. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Sato
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc. 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-0012 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Fukase
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, Inc. 413 East 69th Street New York NY 10021 USA
| | - Mitsunori Kono
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Atsuko Ochida
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Tsuneo Oda
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Yusuke Sasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Naoki Ishii
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Yoshihide Tomata
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Shoji Fukumoto
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Japan Tobacco Inc.Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute 1-1 Murasaki-cho Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125 Japan
| | - Yumi N. Imai
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Chordia Therapeutics Inc. 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-0012 Japan
| | - Keiko Uga
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc. 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-0012 Japan
| | - Akira Shibata
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Masashi Yamasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc. 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-0012 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakagawa
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Mikio Shirasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc. 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-0012 Japan
| | - Robert Skene
- Takeda California, Inc.10410 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Isaac Hoffman
- Takeda California, Inc.10410 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Bi‐Ching Sang
- Takeda California, Inc.10410 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Gyorgy Snell
- Takeda California, Inc.10410 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Junya Shirai
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Cardurion Pharmaceuticals K.K. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
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9
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Jetten AM, Cook DN. (Inverse) Agonists of Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptor γ: Regulation of Immune Responses, Inflammation, and Autoimmune Disease. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 60:371-390. [PMID: 31386594 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates multiple proinflammatory genes and plays a critical role in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Various endogenous and synthetic RORγ (inverse) agonists have been identified that regulate RORγ transcriptional activity, including many cholesterol intermediates and oxysterols. Changes in cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism can therefore have a significant impact on the generation of oxysterol RORγ ligands and, consequently, can control RORγt activity and inflammation. These observations contribute to a growing literature that connects cholesterol metabolism to the regulation of immune responses and autoimmune disease. Loss of RORγ function in knockout mice and in mice treated with RORγ inverse agonists results in reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17A/F, and increased resistance to autoimmune disease in several experimental rodent models. Thus, RORγt inverse agonists might provide an attractive therapeutic approach to treat a variety of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA;
| | - Donald N Cook
- Immunogenetics Section, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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10
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Gauld SB, Jacquet S, Gauvin D, Wallace C, Wang Y, McCarthy R, Goess C, Leys L, Huang S, Su Z, Edelmayer R, Wetter J, Salte K, McGaraughty SP, Argiriadi MA, Honore P, Luccarini JM, Bressac D, Desino K, Breinlinger E, Cusack K, Potin D, Kort ME, Masson PJ. Inhibition of Interleukin-23–Mediated Inflammation with a Novel Small Molecule Inverse Agonist of RORγt. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:208-218. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.258046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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11
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Shaikh NS, Iyer JP, Munot YS, Mukhopadhyay PP, Raje AA, Nagaraj R, Jamdar V, Gavhane R, Lohote M, Sherkar P, Bala M, Petla R, Meru A, Umrani D, Rouduri S, Joshi S, Reddy S, Kandikere V, Bhuniya D, Kulkarni B, Mookhtiar KA. Discovery and pharmacological evaluation of indole derivatives as potent and selective RORγt inverse agonist for multiple autoimmune conditions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2208-2217. [PMID: 31272795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeting nuclear receptor RORγ is recognized to be beneficial in multiple autoimmune disorders. We disclosed new indole analogues as potent RORγ inverse agonists. RO-2 as one of the potent and orally bioavailable compounds was evaluated in various models of autoimmune disorder. It showed potent suppression of downstream markers of RORγt activity in murine and human primary cells, ex vivo PD assay and in multiple animal models of autoimmune diseases. The results indicate the potential of these indole analogues as orally bioavailable small molecule inverse agonists of RORγt, efficacious in various Th17 driven models of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim S Shaikh
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India.
| | - Jitesh P Iyer
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Yogesh S Munot
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Partha P Mukhopadhyay
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Amol A Raje
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Ranganayaki Nagaraj
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Vijay Jamdar
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Ravindra Gavhane
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Mahendra Lohote
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Prasad Sherkar
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Madhu Bala
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Rajkanth Petla
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Ashwinkumar Meru
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Dhananjay Umrani
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Sreekanth Rouduri
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Sachin Joshi
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Satyanarayan Reddy
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Vishwottam Kandikere
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Debnath Bhuniya
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Bheemashankar Kulkarni
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
| | - Kasim A Mookhtiar
- Drug Discovery Facility - Pune, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Head Office: Block No. 21 & 22, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India
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12
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Biomarkers of Inflammation in Obesity-Psoriatic Patients. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:7353420. [PMID: 31275060 PMCID: PMC6558610 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7353420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory multisystemic disease with a complex pathogenesis consisting of genetic, immunological, and environmental components. It is associated with a number of comorbidities, including diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and myocardial infarction. In addition, the severity of psoriasis seems to be related to the severity of obesity. Patients with higher levels of obesity show poorer response to systemic treatments of psoriasis. Several studies have demonstrated that white adipose tissue is a crucial site of the formation of proinflammatory adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin and classical cytokines such as interleukin- (IL-) 6 and tumour necrosis factor-α. In psoriasis, due to the proliferation of Th1, Th17, and Th22 cells, IL-22, among others, is produced in addition to the abovementioned cytokines. With respect to leptin and resistin, both of these adipokines are present in high levels in obese persons with psoriasis. Further, the plasma levels of leptin and resistin are related to the severity of psoriasis. These results strongly suggest that obesity, through proinflammatory pathways, is a predisposing factor to the development of psoriasis and that obesity aggravates existing psoriasis. Different inflammatory biomarkers link psoriasis and obesity. In this paper, the most important ones are described.
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13
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Lytle NK, Ferguson LP, Rajbhandari N, Gilroy K, Fox RG, Deshpande A, Schürch CM, Hamilton M, Robertson N, Lin W, Noel P, Wartenberg M, Zlobec I, Eichmann M, Galván JA, Karamitopoulou E, Gilderman T, Esparza LA, Shima Y, Spahn P, French R, Lewis NE, Fisch KM, Sasik R, Rosenthal SB, Kritzik M, Von Hoff D, Han H, Ideker T, Deshpande AJ, Lowy AM, Adams PD, Reya T. A Multiscale Map of the Stem Cell State in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Cell 2019; 177:572-586.e22. [PMID: 30955884 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance and relapse remain key challenges in pancreatic cancer. Here, we have used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq, and genome-wide CRISPR analysis to map the molecular dependencies of pancreatic cancer stem cells, highly therapy-resistant cells that preferentially drive tumorigenesis and progression. This integrated genomic approach revealed an unexpected utilization of immuno-regulatory signals by pancreatic cancer epithelial cells. In particular, the nuclear hormone receptor retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ), known to drive inflammation and T cell differentiation, was upregulated during pancreatic cancer progression, and its genetic or pharmacologic inhibition led to a striking defect in pancreatic cancer growth and a marked improvement in survival. Further, a large-scale retrospective analysis in patients revealed that RORγ expression may predict pancreatic cancer aggressiveness, as it positively correlated with advanced disease and metastasis. Collectively, these data identify an orthogonal co-option of immuno-regulatory signals by pancreatic cancer stem cells, suggesting that autoimmune drugs should be evaluated as novel treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki K Lytle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L Paige Ferguson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nirakar Rajbhandari
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn Gilroy
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Raymond G Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anagha Deshpande
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christian M Schürch
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Hamilton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Neil Robertson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Wei Lin
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Pawan Noel
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Martin Wartenberg
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Micha Eichmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - José A Galván
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Karamitopoulou
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tami Gilderman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lourdes Adriana Esparza
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yutaka Shima
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Philipp Spahn
- Department of Pediatrics and the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Randall French
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics and the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Roman Sasik
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sara Brin Rosenthal
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marcie Kritzik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Von Hoff
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Haiyong Han
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aniruddha J Deshpande
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew M Lowy
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter D Adams
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tannishtha Reya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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14
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Doebelin C, He Y, Campbell S, Nuhant P, Kumar N, Koenig M, Garcia-Ordonez R, Chang MR, Roush WR, Lin L, Kahn S, Cameron MD, Griffin PR, Solt LA, Kamenecka TM. Discovery and Optimization of a Series of Sulfonamide Inverse Agonists for the Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor-α. Med Chem 2019; 15:676-684. [PMID: 30799793 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190222124745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a massive industry endeavor to develop RORγ-modulators for autoimmune disorders, there has been no indication of efforts to target the close family member RORα for similar indications. This may be due to the misconception that RORα is redundant to RORγ, or the inherent difficulty in cultivating tractable starting points for RORα. RORα-selective modulators would be useful tools to interrogate the biology of this understudied orphan nuclear receptor. OBJECTIVE The goal of this research effort was to identify and optimize synthetic ligands for RORα starting from the known LXR agonist T0901317. METHODS Fourty-five analogs of the sulfonamide lead (1) were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to suppress the transcriptional activity of RORα, RORγ, and LXRα in cell-based assays. Analogs were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and LC-MS analysis. The pharmacokinetic profile of the most selective RORα inverse agonist was evaluated in rats with intraperitoneal (i.p.) and per oral (p.o.)dosing. RESULTS Structure-activity relationship studies led to potent dual RORα/RORγ inverse agonists as well as RORα-selective inverse agonists (20, 28). LXR activity could be reduced by removing the sulfonamide nitrogen substituent. Attempts to improve the potency of these selective leads by varying substitution patterns throughout the molecule proved challenging. CONCLUSION The synthetic RORα-selective inverse agonists identified (20, 28) can be utilized as chemical tools to probe the function of RORα in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Doebelin
- Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Yuanjun He
- Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Sean Campbell
- Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Philippe Nuhant
- Departments of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Marcel Koenig
- Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Ruben Garcia-Ordonez
- Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Mi Ra Chang
- Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - William R Roush
- Departments of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Li Lin
- Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Susan Kahn
- Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Michael D Cameron
- Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Laura A Solt
- Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Theodore M Kamenecka
- Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
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15
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Sun N, Yuan C, Ma X, Wang Y, Gu X, Fu W. Molecular Mechanism of Action of RORγt Agonists and Inverse Agonists: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123181. [PMID: 30513894 PMCID: PMC6321388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As an attractive drug-target, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma-t (RORγt) has been employed widely to develop clinically relevant small molecular modulators as potent therapy for autoimmune disease and cancer, but its molecular mechanism of action (MOA) remains unclear. In the present study, we designed and discovered two novel RORγt ligands that are similar in structure, but different in efficacy. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay, compound 1 was identified as an agonist with an EC50 of 3.7 μM (max. act.: 78%), while compound 2 as an inverse agonist with an IC50 value of 2.0 μM (max. inh.: 61%). We performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and elucidated the MOA of RORγt agonist and inverse agonist. Through the analyses of our MD results, we found that, after RORγt is bound with the agonist 1, the side chain of Trp317 stays in the gauche- conformation, and thus helps to form the hydrogen bond, His479-Trp502, and a large hydrophobic network among H11, H11′, and H12. All these interactions stabilize the H12, and helps the receptor recruit the coactivator. When the RORγt is bound with the inverse agonist 2, the side chain of Trp317 is forced to adopt the trans conformation, and these presumed interactions are partially destroyed. Taken together, the critical role of residue Trp317 could be viewed as the driving force for the activation of RORγt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Congmin Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xianfeng Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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16
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Sasaki Y, Odan M, Yamamoto S, Kida S, Ueyama A, Shimizu M, Haruna T, Watanabe A, Okuno T. Discovery of a potent orally bioavailable retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma-t (RORγt) inhibitor, S18-000003. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3549-3553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Narjes F, Xue Y, von Berg S, Malmberg J, Llinas A, Olsson RI, Jirholt J, Grindebacke H, Leffler A, Hossain N, Lepistö M, Thunberg L, Leek H, Aagaard A, McPheat J, Hansson EL, Bäck E, Tångefjord S, Chen R, Xiong Y, Hongbin G, Hansson TG. Potent and Orally Bioavailable Inverse Agonists of RORγt Resulting from Structure-Based Design. J Med Chem 2018; 61:7796-7813. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Linda Thunberg
- Early Product Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, SE-43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Hanna Leek
- Early Product Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, SE-43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rongfeng Chen
- Pharmaron Beijing Company, Ltd., Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Yao Xiong
- Pharmaron Beijing Company, Ltd., Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Ge Hongbin
- Pharmaron Beijing Company, Ltd., Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
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18
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Gabr MT, Abdel-Raziq MS. Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of Fluorene Derivatives as Novel RORγt Inverse Agonists. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1800244. [PMID: 29935095 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A new series of fluorene derivatives was designed and synthesized as novel retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) inverse agonists utilizing a molecular hybridization approach. The new compounds 10 - 15 were evaluated for their RORγt activity using biochemical FRET and cellular reporter gene assays. Moreover, the inhibitory activity of the fluorene derivatives 10 - 15 in mouse Th17 cell differentiation assay was assessed. The hybrid compound 15 that combines both fluorene and arylsulfone moieties displayed promising RORγt activity with IC50 values of 68.6 and 99.5 nm in FRET and cellular assays, respectively. In addition, molecular modeling studies were employed to investigate potential binding mode of 15 to RORγt. These results render 15 a potential lead compound for development of therapeutics for Th17-driven autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa T Gabr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Abdel-Raziq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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19
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Carcache DA, Vulpetti A, Kallen J, Mattes H, Orain D, Stringer R, Vangrevelinghe E, Wolf RM, Kaupmann K, Ottl J, Dawson J, Cooke NG, Hoegenauer K, Billich A, Wagner J, Guntermann C, Hintermann S. Optimizing a Weakly Binding Fragment into a Potent RORγt Inverse Agonist with Efficacy in an in Vivo Inflammation Model. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6724-6735. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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20
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Identification of fused pyrimidines as interleukin 17 secretion inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:562-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Gege C, Cummings MD, Albers M, Kinzel O, Kleymann G, Schlüter T, Steeneck C, Nelen MI, Milligan C, Spurlino J, Xue X, Leonard K, Edwards JP, Fourie A, Goldberg SD, Hoffmann T. Identification and biological evaluation of thiazole-based inverse agonists of RORγt. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1446-1455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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22
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Shibata A, Uga K, Sato T, Sagara M, Igaki K, Nakamura Y, Ochida A, Kono M, Shirai J, Yamamoto S, Yamasaki M, Tsuchimori N. Pharmacological inhibitory profile of TAK-828F, a potent and selective orally available RORγt inverse agonist. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 150:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Kono M, Ochida A, Oda T, Imada T, Banno Y, Taya N, Masada S, Kawamoto T, Yonemori K, Nara Y, Fukase Y, Yukawa T, Tokuhara H, Skene R, Sang BC, Hoffman ID, Snell GP, Uga K, Shibata A, Igaki K, Nakamura Y, Nakagawa H, Tsuchimori N, Yamasaki M, Shirai J, Yamamoto S. Discovery of [cis-3-({(5R)-5-[(7-Fluoro-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)carbamoyl]-2-methoxy-7,8-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridin-6(5H)-yl}carbonyl)cyclobutyl]acetic Acid (TAK-828F) as a Potent, Selective, and Orally Available Novel Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor γt Inverse Agonist. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2973-2988. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Kono
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ochida
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Oda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Imada
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Banno
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Naohiro Taya
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shinichi Masada
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Kawamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yonemori
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshi Nara
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Fukase
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yukawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tokuhara
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Robert Skene
- Takeda California, 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bi-Ching Sang
- Takeda California, 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Isaac D. Hoffman
- Takeda California, 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Gyorgy P. Snell
- Takeda California, 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Keiko Uga
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Shibata
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Keiko Igaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakagawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Noboru Tsuchimori
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Junya Shirai
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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24
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Jetten AM, Takeda Y, Slominski A, Kang HS. Retinoic acid-related Orphan Receptor γ (RORγ): connecting sterol metabolism to regulation of the immune system and autoimmune disease. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2018; 8:66-80. [PMID: 29568812 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol and its metabolites are bioactive lipids that interact with and regulate the activity of various proteins and signaling pathways that are implicated in the control of a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies revealed that retinoic acid-related orphan receptors, RORα and γ, members of the ligand-dependent nuclear receptor superfamily, exhibit quite a wide binding specificity for a number of sterols. Several cholesterol intermediates and metabolites function as natural ligands of RORα and RORγ and act as agonists or inverse agonists. Changes in cholesterol homeostasis that alter the level or type of sterol metabolites in cells, can either enhance or inhibit ROR transcriptional activity that subsequently result in changes in the physiological processes regulated by RORs, including various immune responses and metabolic pathways. Consequently, this might negatively or positively impact pathologies, in which RORs are implicated, such as autoimmune disease, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, cancer, and several neurological disorders. Best studied are the links between cholesterol metabolism, RORγt activity, and their regulation of Th17 differentiation and autoimmune disease. The discovery that Th17-dependent inflammation is significantly attenuated in RORγ-deficient mice in several experimental autoimmune disease models, initiated a search for ROR modulators that led to the identification of a number of small molecular weight RORγ inverse agonists. The inverse agonists suppress Th17 differentiation and IL-17 production and protect against autoimmunity. Together, these studies suggest that RORγt may provide an attractive therapeutic target in the management of several (inflammatory) diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Yukimasa Takeda
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Andrzej Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Hong Soon Kang
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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25
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Discovery of orally efficacious RORγt inverse agonists. Part 2: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:470-482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Discovery of orally efficacious RORγt inverse agonists, part 1: Identification of novel phenylglycinamides as lead scaffolds. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:483-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Fukase Y, Sato A, Tomata Y, Ochida A, Kono M, Yonemori K, Koga K, Okui T, Yamasaki M, Fujitani Y, Nakagawa H, Koyama R, Nakayama M, Skene R, Sang BC, Hoffman I, Shirai J, Yamamoto S. Identification of novel quinazolinedione derivatives as RORγt inverse agonist. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:721-736. [PMID: 29342416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel small molecules were synthesized and evaluated as retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma t (RORγt) inverse agonists for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. A hit compound, 1, was discovered by high-throughput screening of our compound library. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of compound 1 showed that the introduction of a chlorine group at the 3-position of 4-cyanophenyl moiety increased the potency and a 3-methylpentane-1,5-diamide linker is favorable for the activity. The carbazole moiety of 1 was also optimized; a quinazolinedione derivative 18i suppressed the increase of IL-17A mRNA level in the lymph node of a rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) upon oral administration. These results indicate that the novel quinazolinedione derivatives have great potential as orally available small-molecule RORγt inverse agonists for the treatment of Th17-driven autoimmune diseases. A U-shaped bioactive conformation of this chemotype with RORγt protein was also observed.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Drug Inverse Agonism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/veterinary
- Female
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Jurkat Cells
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/agonists
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Quinazolinones/administration & dosage
- Quinazolinones/chemistry
- Quinazolinones/metabolism
- Quinazolinones/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Solubility
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Th17 Cells/cytology
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Fukase
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ayumu Sato
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Yoshihide Tomata
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ochida
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Kono
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yonemori
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Keiko Koga
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Toshitake Okui
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yasushi Fujitani
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakagawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ryoukichi Koyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakayama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Robert Skene
- Takeda California, Inc., 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Bi-Ching Sang
- Takeda California, Inc., 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Isaac Hoffman
- Takeda California, Inc., 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Junya Shirai
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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28
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Shao S, Yu X, Shen L. Autoimmune thyroid diseases and Th17/Treg lymphocytes. Life Sci 2017; 192:160-165. [PMID: 29158050 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Years of researches have demonstrated that the imbalance of Th17 and Tregs contribute to the thyroid autoimmunity and the severity of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). The underlying mechanism comprises inherent genetic predisposition, abnormality of Th17 and Treg related biological molecules, and gut microbiota disorder. New therapeutic strategies have been developed to improve the Th17/Treg equilibrium, including regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, neutralization of Th17-related cytokines, as well as manipulation of Th17 and Treg specific transcription factors. Although a few of these agents are applied into AITD, the clinic prospect is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Liya Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430015, PR China.
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29
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Kallen J, Izaac A, Be C, Arista L, Orain D, Kaupmann K, Guntermann C, Hoegenauer K, Hintermann S. Structural States of RORγt: X-ray Elucidation of Molecular Mechanisms and Binding Interactions for Natural and Synthetic Compounds. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1014-1021. [PMID: 28590087 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The T-cell-specific retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-related orphan receptor-γ (RORγt) is a key transcription factor for the production of pro-inflammatory Th17 cytokines, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Over the years, several structurally diverse RORγt inverse agonists have been reported, but combining high potency and good physicochemical properties has remained a challenging task. We recently reported a new series of inverse agonists based on an imidazopyridine core with good physicochemical properties and excellent selectivity. Herein we report eight new X-ray crystal structures for different classes of natural and synthetic compounds, including examples selected from the patent literature. Analysis of their respective binding modes revealed insight into the molecular mechanisms that lead to agonism, antagonism, or inverse agonism. We report new molecular mechanisms for RORγt agonism and propose a separation of the inverse agonists into two classes: those that act via steric clash and those that act via other mechanisms (for the latter, co-crystallization with a co-activator peptide and helix 12 in the agonist position is still possible). For the non-steric clash inverse agonists, we propose a new mechanism ("water trapping") which can be combined with other mechanisms (e.g., close contacts with H479). In addition, we compare the interactions made for selected compounds in the "back pocket" near S404 and in the "sulfate pocket" near R364 and R367. Taken together, these new mechanistic insights should prove useful for the design and optimization of further RORγt modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Kallen
- CBT, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aude Izaac
- CBT, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Be
- CBT, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Arista
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Orain
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klemens Kaupmann
- ATI, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Guntermann
- ATI, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klemens Hoegenauer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Hintermann
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
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30
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Fasching P, Stradner M, Graninger W, Dejaco C, Fessler J. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the Th17/Treg Axis in Autoimmune Disorders. Molecules 2017; 22:E134. [PMID: 28098832 PMCID: PMC6155880 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A disruption of the crucial balance between regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and Th17-cells was recently implicated in various autoimmune disorders. Tregs are responsible for the maintenance of self-tolerance, thus inhibiting autoimmunity, whereas pro-inflammatory Th17-cells contribute to the induction and propagation of inflammation. Distortion of the Th17/Treg balance favoring the pro-inflammatory Th17 side is hence suspected to contribute to exacerbation of autoimmune disorders. This review aims to summarize recent data and advances in targeted therapeutic modification of the Th17/Treg-balance, as well as information on the efficacy of candidate therapeutics with respect to the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy
- Autoimmune Diseases/genetics
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/pathology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use
- Inflammation
- Interleukin-17/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/immunology
- Piperidines/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Pyrroles/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/pathology
- Ustekinumab/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Fasching
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Martin Stradner
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Winfried Graninger
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Christian Dejaco
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Johannes Fessler
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
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31
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Hintermann S, Guntermann C, Mattes H, Carcache DA, Wagner J, Vulpetti A, Billich A, Dawson J, Kaupmann K, Kallen J, Stringer R, Orain D. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Triazolo- and Imidazolopyridine RORγt Inverse Agonists. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2640-2648. [PMID: 27902884 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic-acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) is a key transcription factor implicated in the production of pro-inflammatory Th17 cytokines, which drive a number of autoimmune diseases. Despite diverse chemical series having been reported, combining high potency with a good physicochemical profile has been a very challenging task in the RORγt inhibitor field. Based on available chemical structures and incorporating in-house knowledge, a new series of triazolo- and imidazopyridine RORγt inverse agonists was designed. In addition, replacement of the terminal cyclopentylamide metabolic soft spot by five-membered heterocycles was investigated. From our efforts, we identified an optimal 6,7,8-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine core system and a 5-tert-butyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole as cyclopentylamide replacement leading to compounds 10 ((S)-N-(8-((4-(cyclopentanecarbonyl)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-7-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl)-2-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxamide) and 33 ((S)-N-(8-((4-(5-(tert-butyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-7-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl)-2-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxamide). Both derivatives showed good pharmacological potencies in biochemical and cell-based assays combined with excellent physicochemical properties, including low to medium plasma protein binding across species. Finally, 10 and 33 were shown to be active in a rodent pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model after oral gavage at 15 mg kg-1 , lowering IL-17 cytokine production in ex vivo antigen recall assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hintermann
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Guntermann
- ATI, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henri Mattes
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David A Carcache
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juergen Wagner
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Vulpetti
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Billich
- ATI, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janet Dawson
- ATI, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klemens Kaupmann
- ATI, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Kallen
- CPC, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rowan Stringer
- MAP, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Orain
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
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32
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Gege C. RORγt inhibitors as potential back-ups for the phase II candidate VTP-43742 from Vitae Pharmaceuticals: patent evaluation of WO2016061160 and US20160122345. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 27:1-8. [PMID: 27852111 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1262350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma t (RORγt or RORc2) is a key transcription factor for the differentiation of naïve proinflammatory CD4+ T cells and the production of T helper-17 (TH17) cells. Inhibiting RORγt activity is thought to be beneficial in targeting a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Recently Vitae Pharmaceuticals (to be acquired by Allergan) reported positive top-line results from a Phase 2a clinical trial of RORγt inhibitor VTP-43742 in psoriatic patients. The compound was reported to demonstrate a clear signal of efficacy over a short four-week period and no drug-related cardiac abnormalities were observed; however, in the 700 mg dose group reversible transaminase elevations were observed in four patients, which prompted the company to cancel testing VTP-43742 at a initially planned third, higher dose. In Vitae Pharmaceuticals latest patent applications, WO2016061160 and US20160122345, potential dihydropyrrolopyridine back-up compounds of clinical candidate VTP-43742 (covered in WO2015116904) are disclosed. In light of the recently announced RORγt back-up molecule VTP-45489, the improvements of the new compounds are discussed and their potential impact is elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gege
- a Phenex Pharmaceuticals AG , Waldhofer Straße 104, 69123 Heidelberg , Germany
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33
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Bronner SM, Zbieg JR, Crawford JJ. RORγ antagonists and inverse agonists: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 27:101-112. [PMID: 27629281 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1236918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The transcription factor RORγ plays a critical role in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin IL-17 and is therefore an attractive target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Interest in this molecular target has been heightened by the advancement of orally and topically administered RORγ modulators into clinical trials. Areas covered: The present review seeks to summarize published patent applications from assignee companies that have disclosed Investigational New Drug (IND) filings for small molecule RORγ/RORγt antagonists and inverse agonists. Expert opinion: The field of RORγ research is extremely competitive, with the majority of companies targeting psoriasis as the primary disease indication. Vitae Pharmaceuticals is currently the most advanced, with a potential first-in-class oral RORγ-modulator for the treatment of psoriasis. Future efforts will likely expand into potential applications of RORγ-modulators in the lesser explored immune-related areas of rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, lupus, and irritable bowel disorder, as well as cancer immunotherapy and castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Bronner
- a Discovery Chemistry , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jason R Zbieg
- a Discovery Chemistry , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - James J Crawford
- a Discovery Chemistry , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
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34
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Cyr P, Bronner SM, Crawford JJ. Recent progress on nuclear receptor RORγ modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4387-4393. [PMID: 27542308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor RORγ plays key roles in the development and differentiation of TH17 cells, and thus in IL-17 expression, thymocyte development and regulation of metabolism. With the recent progression into phase 2 clinical trials of both oral and topically administered inverse agonists, and with others close behind, there is significant interest in the discovery of RORγ modulators. This digest covers key developments around RORγ agonists, antagonists and inverse agonists; orthosteric and allosteric binders; and aims to summarize the available information concerning the potential utility of RORγ modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cyr
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Sarah M Bronner
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - James J Crawford
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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