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Svigkou A, Katsi V, Kordalis VG, Tsioufis K. The Molecular Basis of the Augmented Cardiovascular Risk in Offspring of Mothers with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5455. [PMID: 38791492 PMCID: PMC11121482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The review examines the impact of maternal preeclampsia (PE) on the cardiometabolic and cardiovascular health of offspring. PE, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, is responsible for 2 to 8% of pregnancy-related complications. It significantly contributes to adverse outcomes for their infants, affecting the time of birth, the birth weight, and cardiometabolic risk factors such as blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity, lipid profiles, glucose, and insulin. Exposure to PE in utero predisposes offspring to an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) through mechanisms that are not fully understood. The incidence of CMD and CVD is constantly increasing, whereas CVD is the main cause of morbidity and mortality globally. A complex interplay of genes, environment, and developmental programming is a plausible explanation for the development of endothelial dysfunction, which leads to atherosclerosis and CVD. The underlying molecular mechanisms are angiogenic imbalance, inflammation, alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), endothelium-derived components, serotonin dysregulation, oxidative stress, and activation of both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Moreover, the potential role of epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation and microRNAs as mediators of these effects is emphasized, suggesting avenues for future research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasiliki Katsi
- Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vasilios G. Kordalis
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece;
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Huang YZ, Wu JC, Lu GF, Li HB, Lai SM, Lin YC, Gui LX, Sham JSK, Lin MJ, Lin DC. Pulmonary Hypertension Induces Serotonin Hyperreactivity and Metabolic Reprogramming in Coronary Arteries via NOX1/4-TRPM2 Signaling Pathway. Hypertension 2024; 81:582-594. [PMID: 38174565 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical evidence revealed abnormal prevalence of coronary artery (CA) disease in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). The mechanistic connection between PH and CA disease is unclear. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), reactive oxygen species, and Ca2+ signaling have been implicated in both PH and CA disease. Our recent study indicates that NOXs (NADPH [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate] oxidases) and TRPM2 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2) are key components of their interplay. We hypothesize that activation of the NOX-TRPM2 pathway facilitates the remodeling of CA in PH. METHODS Left and right CAs from chronic hypoxia and monocrotaline-induced PH rats were collected to study vascular reactivity, gene expression, metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Inhibitors or specific siRNA were used to examine the pathological functions of NOX1/4-TRPM2 in CA smooth muscle cells. RESULTS Significant CA remodeling and 5-hydroxytryptamine hyperreactivity in the right CA were observed in PH rats. NOX1/4-mediated reactive oxygen species production coupled with TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ influx contributed to 5-hydroxytryptamine hyperresponsiveness. CA smooth muscle cells from chronic hypoxia-PH rats exhibited increased proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and metabolic reprogramming in an NOX1/4-TRPM2-dependent manner. Furthermore, the NOX1/4-TRPM2 pathway participated in mitochondrial dysfunction, involving mitochondrial DNA damage, reactive oxygen species production, elevated mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation, and mitochondrial fission. In vivo knockdown of NOX1/4 alleviated PH and suppressed CA remodeling in chronic hypoxia rats. CONCLUSIONS PH triggers an increase in 5-hydroxytryptamine reactivity in the right CA and provokes metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial disruption in CA smooth muscle cells via NOX1/4-TRPM2 activation. This signaling pathway may play an important role in CA remodeling and CA disease in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.-Z.H., G.-F.L., H.-B.L., S.-M.L., Y.-C.L., L.-X.G., M.-J.L., D.-C.L.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Chun Wu
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (J.-C.W.)
| | - Gui-Feng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.-Z.H., G.-F.L., H.-B.L., S.-M.L., Y.-C.L., L.-X.G., M.-J.L., D.-C.L.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui-Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.-Z.H., G.-F.L., H.-B.L., S.-M.L., Y.-C.L., L.-X.G., M.-J.L., D.-C.L.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Su-Mei Lai
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.-Z.H., G.-F.L., H.-B.L., S.-M.L., Y.-C.L., L.-X.G., M.-J.L., D.-C.L.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi-Chen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.-Z.H., G.-F.L., H.-B.L., S.-M.L., Y.-C.L., L.-X.G., M.-J.L., D.-C.L.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Long-Xin Gui
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.-Z.H., G.-F.L., H.-B.L., S.-M.L., Y.-C.L., L.-X.G., M.-J.L., D.-C.L.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - James S K Sham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (J.S.K.S.)
| | - Mo-Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.-Z.H., G.-F.L., H.-B.L., S.-M.L., Y.-C.L., L.-X.G., M.-J.L., D.-C.L.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Da-Cen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.-Z.H., G.-F.L., H.-B.L., S.-M.L., Y.-C.L., L.-X.G., M.-J.L., D.-C.L.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health (D.-C.L.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is probably due to the excessive production of mitochondrial ROS caused by the activation of 5-HT degradation system mediated by PAF receptor. Mol Immunol 2023; 155:27-43. [PMID: 36682136 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM Previously, we revealed a crucial role of 5-HT degradation system (5DS), consisting of 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR), 5-HT synthases and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), in ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-caused organ injury. Whereas, platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) also mediates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Here, we try to clarify the relationship between 5DS and PAFR in mediating MIRI. METHODS H9c2 cell injury and rat MIRI were caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) or PAF, and by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery then untying, respectively. 5-HT2AR and PAFR antagonists [sarpogrelate hydrochloride (SH) and BN52021], MAO-A, AKT, mTOR and 5-HT synthase inhibitors (clorgyline, perifosine, rapamycin and carbidopa), and gene-silencing PKCε were used in experiments RESULTS: The mitochondrial ROS production, respiratory chain damage, inflammation, apoptosis and myocardial infarction were significantly prevented by BN52021, SH and clorgyline in H/R and PAF-treated cells and in IR myocardium. BN52021 also significantly suppressed the upregulation of PAFR, 5-HT2AR, 5-HT synthases and MAO-A expression (mRNA and protein), and Gαq and PKCε (in plasmalemma) expression induced by H/R, PAF or IR; the effects of SH were similar to that of BN52021 except for no affecting the expression of PAFR and 5-HT2AR. Gene-silencing PKCε suppressed H/R and PAF-induced upregulation of 5-HT synthases and MAO-A expression in cells; perifosine and rapamycin had not such effects; however, clorgyline suppressed H/R and PAF-induced phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR. CONCLUSION MIRI is probably due to PAFR-mediated 5-HT2AR activation, which further activates PKCε-mediated 5-HT synthesis and degradation, leading to mitochondrial ROS production.
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Fernández-González JF, García-Pedraza JÁ, Marín-Quílez A, Bastida JM, Martín ML, Morán A, García-Domingo M. Effect of sarpogrelate treatment on 5-HT modulation of vascular sympathetic innervation and platelet activity in diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113276. [PMID: 35717784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the 5-HT2 receptor blockade alters the 5-HT effect on vascular sympathetic neurotransmission and platelet activation in type 1 diabetes. 28-day diabetes was obtained by alloxan (150 mg/kg; s.c.) in male Wistar rats, administering sarpogrelate (5-HT2 blocker; 30 mg/kg/day; p.o.) for 14 days. Blood glucose and body weight were monitored for 28 days. After 4 weeks of diabetes induction, food and drink intake, urine, plasma-platelet 5-HT, and platelet activation were determined in normoglycemic, non-treated diabetic and sarpogrelate-treated diabetic rats. Another set of diabetic rats were pithed to run the vascular sympathetic stimulation or exogenous noradrenaline administration, examining the induced vasoconstrictor responses. Sarpogrelate treatment significantly reduced drink intake and urine, whereas BW gain, hyperglycemia, and food intake were not modified in diabetic rats. The platelet activation and plasma 5-HT concentration were decreased (increasing the stored 5-HT platelet) by 5-HT2 blockade in diabetic animals. The sympathetic-induced vasoconstrictions were higher in non-treated than in sarpogrelate-treated diabetic rats. 5-HT inhibited these vasopressor responses, reproduced exclusively by the 5-HT1/5/7 receptor agonist, 5-CT. The 5-CT-produced inhibition was partly reversed by 5-HT1D or 5-HT7 antagonists (LY310762 or SB-258719, respectively), and totally annulled by the mixture of LY310762+SB-258719. Noradrenaline-caused vasoconstrictions were also decreased by 5-CT. In conclusion, our results reveal that 14-day sarpogrelate treatment improves polydipsia and polyuria, reduces platelet hyperactivation, plasma 5-HT and the vascular sympathetic tone, and changes 5-HT receptors inhibiting noradrenergic drive in diabetic rats: pre and/or postjunctional 5-HT1D/7 are involved in the sympatho-inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Francisco Fernández-González
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Paseo San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ángel García-Pedraza
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Paseo San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Marín-Quílez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Paseo San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Departamento de Hematología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José María Bastida
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Paseo San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Departamento de Hematología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Luisa Martín
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Paseo San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Asunción Morán
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Paseo San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mónica García-Domingo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Paseo San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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Szilágyi A, Takács B, Szekeres R, Tarjányi V, Bombicz M, Priksz D, Kovács A, Juhász B, Frecska E, Szilvássy Z, Varga B. Therapeutic Properties of Ayahuasca Components in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury of the Eye. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050997. [PMID: 35625734 PMCID: PMC9138933 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic eye diseases are major causes of vision impairment. Thus, potential retinoprotective effects of N’N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) were investigated. To inhibit its rapid breakdown by monoamine-oxidase A (MAO-A) enzyme, DMT was co-administered with harmaline, a β-carboline in the Amazonian Ayahuasca brew. Using ligation, 60 min of ischemia was provoked in eyes of rats, followed by 7 days of reperfusion whilst animals received harmaline alone, DMT + harmaline, or vehicle treatment. After 1 week of reperfusion, electroretinographical (ERG) measurements, histological analysis, and Western blot were performed. Harmaline alone exhibited retinoprotection in ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) which was, surprisingly, counterbalanced by DMT in case of co-administration. As both MAO-A inhibition and DMT increase serotoninergic tone synergistically, communicated to be anti-ischemic, thus, involvement of other pathways was investigated. Based on our experiments, DMT and harmaline exert opposite effects on important ocular proteins such as PARP1, NFκB, MMP9, or HSP70, each having a critical role in a different mechanism of eye-ischemia-related pathologies, e.g., cell death, inflammation, tissue destruction, and oxidative stress. Since DMT is proclaimed to be a promising drug candidate, its potentially undesirable effect on eye-ischemia should be further investigated. Meanwhile, this experiment revealed the potential therapeutic effect of MAO-A inhibitor harmaline in I/R-related eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szilágyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Barbara Takács
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Réka Szekeres
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Vera Tarjányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mariann Bombicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Dániel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Attila Kovács
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (E.F.)
| | - Béla Juhász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Ede Frecska
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (E.F.)
| | - Zoltán Szilvássy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Balázs Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-427-899
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Jin J, Xu F, Zhang Y, Guan J, Liang X, Zhang Y, Yuan A, Liu R, Fu J. Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats is probably due to the activation of the 5-HT degradation system in proximal renal tubular epithelial cells. Life Sci 2021; 285:120002. [PMID: 34599937 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the relationship between renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RIRI) and the activation of the renal 5-HT degradation system, including 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR), 5-HT synthases and monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A). MAIN METHODS Rat RIRI was induced by removing the right kidney, causing ischemia of the left kidney for 45 min and reperfusion for different times. RIRI model (ischemia for 45 min and reperfusion for 24 h) was pretreated with 5-HT2AR antagonist sarpogrelate hydrochloride (SH) and the 5-HT synthase inhibitor carbidopa. In HK-2 cells, cellular damage was induced by hypoxia (24 h)/reoxygenation (12 h) (H/R) and treated with SH, carbidopa or the MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline. Hematoxylin-eosin, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL and fluorescent probe staining, RT-qPCR, western blotting, ELISA, etc. were used in the tests. KEY FINDINGS The development of RIRI and the emergence of the RIRI peak were consistent with renal 5-HT degradation system activation. The highest expression regions of the 5-HT degradation system overlapped with those of the most severe lesions in the kidney, which were in proximal renal tubules. Rat RIRI and HK-2 cell damage, including oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, could be almost abolished by synergistic inhibition of SH and carbidopa. Clorgyline also abolished the cellular damage induced by H/R. H/R-induced production of mitochondrial ROS in HK-2 cells was due to MAO-A-catalyzed 5-HT degradation, and 5-HT2AR was involved by mediating the expression of 5-HT synthases and MAO-A. SIGNIFICANCE These findings revealed a close association between RIRI and activation of the renal 5-HT degradation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Jin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Jing Guan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Xiurui Liang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Ansheng Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Runkun Liu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jihua Fu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China.
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Soslau G. Cardiovascular serotonergic system: Evolution, receptors, transporter, and function. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2021; 337:115-127. [PMID: 34662506 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The serotonergic system, serotonin (5HT), serotonin transporter (SERT), and serotonin receptors (5HT-x), is an evolutionarily ancient system that has clear physiological advantages to all life forms from bacteria to humans. This review focuses on the role of platelet/plasma serotonin and the cardiovascular system with minor references to its significant neurotransmitter function. Platelets transport and store virtually all plasma serotonin in dense granules. Stored serotonin is released from activated platelets and can bind to serotonin receptors on platelets and cellular components of the vascular wall to augment aggregation and induce vasoconstriction or vasodilation. The vascular endothelium is critical to the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. While there are numerous ligands, neurological components, and baroreceptors that effect vascular tone it is proposed that serotonin and nitric oxide (an endothelium relaxing factor) are major players in the regulation of systemic blood pressure. Signals not fully defined, to date, that direct serotonin binding to one of the 15 identified 5HT receptors versus the transporter, and the role platelet/plasma serotonin plays in regulating hypertension within the cardiovascular system remain important issues to better understand many diseases and to develop new drugs. Also, expanded research of these pathways in lower life-forms may serve as important model systems to further our understanding of the evolution and mechanisms of action of serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Soslau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Gumusoglu S, Scroggins S, Vignato J, Santillan D, Santillan M. The Serotonin-Immune Axis in Preeclampsia. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:37. [PMID: 34351543 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the literature and detail the potential immune mechanisms by which hyperserotonemia may drive pro-inflammation in preeclampsia and to provide insights into potential avenues for therapeutic discovery. RECENT FINDINGS Preeclampsia is a severe hypertensive complication of pregnancy associated with significant maternal and fetal risk. Though it lacks any effective treatment aside from delivery of the fetus and placenta, recent work suggests that targeting serotonin systems may be one effective therapeutic avenue. Serotonin dysregulation underlies multiple domains of physiologic dysfunction in preeclampsia, including vascular hyporeactivity and excess platelet aggregation. Broadly, serotonin is increased across maternal and placental domains, driven by decreased catabolism and increased availability of tryptophan precursor. Pro-inflammation, another hallmark of the disease, may drive hyperserotonemia in preeclampsia. Interactions between immunologic dysfunction and hyperserotonemia in preeclampsia depend on multiple mechanisms, which we discuss in the present review. These include altered immune cell, kynurenine pathway metabolism, and aberrant cytokine production mechanisms, which we detail. Future work may leverage animal and in vitro models to reveal serotonin targets in the context of preeclampsia's immune biology, and ultimately to mitigate vascular and platelet dysfunction in the disease. Hyperserotonemia in preeclampsia drives pro-inflammation via metabolic, immune cell, and cytokine-based mechanisms. These immune mechanisms may be targeted to treat vascular and platelet endophenotypes in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Gumusoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
| | - Sabrina Scroggins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Julie Vignato
- University of Iowa College of Nursing, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Donna Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mark Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Kim SK, Kim G, Choi BH, Ryu D, Ku SK, Kwak MK. Negative correlation of urinary miR-199a-3p level with ameliorating effects of sarpogrelate and cilostazol in hypertensive diabetic nephropathy. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 184:114391. [PMID: 33359069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is increasing globally; however, effective therapeutic options are limited. In this study, we aimed to identify urinary miRNAs reflecting the effect of therapeutic intervention in rats with comorbid hypertension and diabetes. Additionally, the potential beneficial effects of anti-platelet sarpogrelate and cilostazol were investigated. Nephropathy progression in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), including albuminuria, collagen deposition, and histopathological changes, was alleviated by sarpogrelate and antihypertensive agent telmisartan. Global analysis of urinary miRNAs identified that miR-199a-3p was commonly reduced by sarpogrelate and telmisartan treatment. In vitro analysis suggested CD151 as a target gene of miR-199a-3p: miR-199a-3p overexpression repressed CD151 levels and miR-199a-3p interacted with the 3'-untranslated region of the CD151 gene. In addition, we demonstrated that the miR-199a-3p/CD151 axis is associated with the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced fibrogenic pathway. TGF-β1 treatment led to miR-199a-3p elevation and CD151 suppression, and miR-199a-3p overexpression or CD151-silencing enhanced TGF-β1-inducible collagen IV and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) levels. In vivo analysis showed that the decrease in CD151 and the increase in collagen IV and α-SMA in the kidney from STZ-treated SHR were restored by sarpogrelate and telmisartan administration. In an additional animal experiment using cilostazol and telmisartan, there was a correlation between urinary miR-199a-3p reduction and the ameliorating effects of cilostazol or combination with telmisartan. Collectively, these results indicate that urinary miR-199a-3p might be utilized as a marker for nephropathy treatment. We also provide evidence of the benefits of antiplatelet sarpogrelate and cilostazol in nephropathy progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ki Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and BK21FOUR Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, Graduate School of The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and BK21FOUR Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, Graduate School of The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hyun Choi
- Integrated Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoung Ryu
- Department of Pharmacy and BK21FOUR Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, Graduate School of The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeonsangbuk-do 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kwak
- Department of Pharmacy and BK21FOUR Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, Graduate School of The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea; Integrated Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Role of peripheral 5-HT5A receptors in 5-HT-induced cardiac sympatho-inhibition in type 1 diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/313917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract5-HT inhibits cardiac sympathetic neurotransmission in normoglycaemic rats, via 5-HT1B, 5-HT1Dand 5-HT5Areceptor activation. Since type 1 diabetes impairs the cardiac sympathetic innervation leading to cardiopathies, this study aimed to investigate whether the serotonergic influence on cardiac noradrenergic control is altered in type 1 diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, i.p.). Four weeks later, the rats were anaesthetized, pithed and prepared for producing tachycardic responses by electrical preganglionic stimulation (C7-T1) of the cardioaccelerator sympathetic outflow or i.v. noradrenaline bolus injections. Immunohistochemistry was performed to study 5-HT1B, 5-HT1Dand 5-HT5Areceptor expression in the stellate ganglion from normoglycaemic and diabetic rats. In the diabetic group, i) i.v. continuous infusions of 5-HT induced a cardiac sympatho-inhibition that was mimicked by the 5-HT1/5Aagonist 5-carboxamidotryptamine (without modifying noradrenaline-induced tachycardia), but not by the agonists indorenate (5-HT1A), CP 93,129 (5-HT1B), PNU 142633 (5-HT1D), or LY344864 (5-HT1F); ii) SB 699551 (5-HT5Aantagonist; i.v.) completely reversed 5-CT-induced cardiac sympatho-inhibition; and iii) 5-HT5Areceptors were more expressed in the stellate ganglion compared to normoglycaemic rats. These results show the prominent role of the peripheral 5-HT5Areceptors prejunctionally inhibiting the cardiac sympathetic drive in type 1 diabetic rats.
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11
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García-Pedraza JÁ, Hernández-Abreu O, Morán A, Carretero J, García-Domingo M, Villalón CM. Role of peripheral 5-HT 5A receptors in 5-HT-induced cardiac sympatho-inhibition in type 1 diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19358. [PMID: 33168874 PMCID: PMC7652863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
5-HT inhibits cardiac sympathetic neurotransmission in normoglycaemic rats, via 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D and 5-HT5A receptor activation. Since type 1 diabetes impairs the cardiac sympathetic innervation leading to cardiopathies, this study aimed to investigate whether the serotonergic influence on cardiac noradrenergic control is altered in type 1 diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, i.p.). Four weeks later, the rats were anaesthetized, pithed and prepared for producing tachycardic responses by electrical preganglionic stimulation (C7-T1) of the cardioaccelerator sympathetic outflow or i.v. noradrenaline bolus injections. Immunohistochemistry was performed to study 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D and 5-HT5A receptor expression in the stellate ganglion from normoglycaemic and diabetic rats. In the diabetic group, i) i.v. continuous infusions of 5-HT induced a cardiac sympatho-inhibition that was mimicked by the 5-HT1/5A agonist 5-carboxamidotryptamine (without modifying noradrenaline-induced tachycardia), but not by the agonists indorenate (5-HT1A), CP 93,129 (5-HT1B), PNU 142633 (5-HT1D), or LY344864 (5-HT1F); ii) SB 699551 (5-HT5A antagonist; i.v.) completely reversed 5-CT-induced cardiac sympatho-inhibition; and iii) 5-HT5A receptors were more expressed in the stellate ganglion compared to normoglycaemic rats. These results show the prominent role of the peripheral 5-HT5A receptors prejunctionally inhibiting the cardiac sympathetic drive in type 1 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ángel García-Pedraza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Oswaldo Hernández-Abreu
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Cinvestav-Coapa, Czda. Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas-Coapa, Deleg. Tlalpan, C.P. 14330, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Asunción Morán
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Carretero
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCyL), Salamanca, Spain.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mónica García-Domingo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos M Villalón
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Cinvestav-Coapa, Czda. Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas-Coapa, Deleg. Tlalpan, C.P. 14330, Mexico City, Mexico.
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12
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Rieder M, Gauchel N, Bode C, Duerschmied D. Serotonin: a platelet hormone modulating cardiovascular disease. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2020; 52:42-47. [PMID: 33155668 PMCID: PMC8282555 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and depression are significant health burdens and increasing evidence suggests a causal relationship between them. The incidence of depression among patients suffering from cardiovascular disease is markedly elevated, and depression itself is an established cardiovascular risk factor. Serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamin (5-HT), a biogenic amine acting as a neurotransmitter and a peripheral hormone, is involved in the pathogenesis of both, cardiovascular disease and depression. Novel cardiovascular functions of 5-HT have recently been described and will be summarized in this review. 5-HT has a broad spectrum of functions in the cardiovascular system, yet the clinical or experimental data are partly conflicting. There is further research needed to characterize the clinical effects of 5-HT in particular tissues to enable targeted pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rieder
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Gauchel
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. .,Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Systematic identification of genetic systems associated with phenotypes in patients with rare genomic copy number variations. Hum Genet 2020; 140:457-475. [PMID: 32778951 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) related disorders tend to show complex phenotypic profiles that do not match known diseases. This makes it difficult to ascertain their underlying molecular basis. A potential solution is to compare the affected genomic regions for multiple patients that share a pathological phenotype, looking for commonalities. Here, we present a novel approach to associate phenotypes with functional systems, in terms of GO categories and KEGG and Reactome pathways, based on patient data. The approach uses genomic and phenomic data from the same patients, finding shared genomic regions between patients with similar phenotypes. These regions are mapped to genes to find associated functional systems. We applied the approach to analyse patients in the DECIPHER database with de novo CNVs, finding functional systems associated with most phenotypes, often due to mutations affecting related genes in the same genomic region. Manual inspection of the ten top-scoring phenotypes found multiple FunSys connections supported by the previous studies for seven of them. The workflow also produces reports focussed on the genes and FunSys connected to the different phenotypes, alongside patient-specific reports, which give details of the associated genes and FunSys for each individual in the cohort. These can be run in "confidential" mode, preserving patient confidentiality. The workflow presented here can be used to associate phenotypes with functional systems using data at the level of a whole cohort of patients, identifying important connections that could not be found when considering them individually. The full workflow is available for download, enabling it to be run on any patient cohort for which phenotypic and CNV data are available.
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14
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Mauler M, Herr N, Schoenichen C, Witsch T, Marchini T, Härdtner C, Koentges C, Kienle K, Ollivier V, Schell M, Dorner L, Wippel C, Stallmann D, Normann C, Bugger H, Walther P, Wolf D, Ahrens I, Lämmermann T, Ho-Tin-Noé B, Ley K, Bode C, Hilgendorf I, Duerschmied D. Platelet Serotonin Aggravates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Neutrophil Degranulation. Circulation 2019; 139:918-931. [PMID: 30586717 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.033942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets store large amounts of serotonin that they release during thrombus formation or acute inflammation. This facilitates hemostasis and modulates the inflammatory response. METHODS Infarct size, heart function, and inflammatory cell composition were analyzed in mouse models of myocardial reperfusion injury with genetic and pharmacological depletion of platelet serotonin. These studies were complemented by in vitro serotonin stimulation assays of platelets and leukocytes in mice and men, and by measuring plasma serotonin levels and leukocyte activation in patients with acute coronary syndrome. RESULTS Platelet-derived serotonin induced neutrophil degranulation with release of myeloperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and increased expression of membrane-bound leukocyte adhesion molecule CD11b, leading to enhanced inflammation in the infarct area and reduced myocardial salvage. In patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome, plasmatic serotonin levels correlated with CD11b expression on neutrophils and myeloperoxidase plasma levels. Long-term serotonin reuptake inhibition-reported to protect patients with depression from cardiovascular events-resulted in the depletion of platelet serotonin stores in mice. These mice displayed a reduction in neutrophil degranulation and preserved cardiac function. In line, patients with depression using serotonin reuptake inhibition, presented with suppressed levels of CD11b surface expression on neutrophils and lower myeloperoxidase levels in blood. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we identify serotonin as a potent therapeutic target in neutrophil-dependent thromboinflammation during myocardial reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Mauler
- Faculty of Biology (M.M., K.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Herr
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Schoenichen
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thilo Witsch
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Härdtner
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Koentges
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Korbinian Kienle
- Faculty of Biology (M.M., K.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Group Immune Cell Dynamics (K.K., T.L.), Germany
| | - Véronique Ollivier
- INSERM Unit 1148, University Paris Diderot (V.O., B.H-T-N.), France.,Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité (V.O., B.H-T-N.), France
| | - Maximilian Schell
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ludwig Dorner
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Wippel
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Stallmann
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claus Normann
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Freiburg (C.N.), Germany
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University; Ulm, Germany (P.W.)
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA (D.W., K.L.)
| | - Ingo Ahrens
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Group Immune Cell Dynamics (K.K., T.L.), Germany
| | - Benoît Ho-Tin-Noé
- INSERM Unit 1148, University Paris Diderot (V.O., B.H-T-N.), France.,Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité (V.O., B.H-T-N.), France
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA (D.W., K.L.)
| | - Christoph Bode
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Wu Q, Xia DM, Lan F, Wang YK, Tan X, Sun JC, Wang WZ, Wang R, Peng XD, Liu M. UPLC-QTOF/MS-based metabolomics reveals the mechanism of chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced hypertension in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4619. [PMID: 31177559 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a common chronic disease, and it is the strongest risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Recently, the number of patients with hypertension-related complications has increased significantly, adding a heavy burden to the public health system. It is known that chronic stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and stroke. However, the impact of hypertension on the dysfunctions induced by chronic stress remains poorly understood. In this study, using LC-MS-based metabolomics, we established a chronic stress model to demonstrate the mechanisms of stress-induced hypertension. We found that 30 metabolites in chronically stressed rats were changed; of these metabolites, seven had been upregulated, and 23 had been downregulated, including amino acids, phospholipids, carnitines and fatty acids, many of which are involved in amino acid metabolism, cell membrane injury, ATP supply and inflammation. These metabolites are engaged in dysregulated pathways and will provide a targeted approach to study the mechanism of stress-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Meng Xia
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Tan
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Cen Sun
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Wang
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Post-translational modifications of serotonin transporter. Pharmacol Res 2019; 140:7-13. [PMID: 30394319 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) is an oligomeric glycoprotein with two sialic acid residues on each of two complex oligosaccharide molecules. Studies using in vivo and in vitro model systems demonstrated that diverse post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, glycosylation, serotonylation, and disulfide bond formation, all favorably influences SERT conformation and allows the transporter to function most efficiently. This review discusses the post-translational modifications and their importance on the structure, maturation, and serotonin (5-HT) uptake ability of SERT. Finally, we discuss how these modifications are altered in diabetes mellitus and subsequently impairs the 5-HT uptake ability of SERT.
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17
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Kim JG, Leem YE, Kwon I, Kang JS, Bae YM, Cho H. Estrogen modulates serotonin effects on vasoconstriction through Src inhibition. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-9. [PMID: 30559345 PMCID: PMC6297153 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen has diverse effects on cardiovascular function, including regulation of the contractile response to vasoactive substances such as serotonin. The serotonin system recently emerged as an important player in the regulation of vascular tone in humans. However, hyperreactivity to serotonin appears to be a critical factor for the pathophysiology of hypertension. In this study, we examined the modulatory mechanisms of estrogen in serotonin-induced vasoconstriction by using a combinatory approach of isometric tension measurements, molecular biology, and patch-clamp techniques. 17β-Estradiol (E2) elicited a significant and concentration-dependent relaxation of serotonin-induced contraction in deendothelialized aortic strips isolated from male rats. E2 triggered a relaxation of serotonin-induced contraction even in the presence of tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor antagonist, suggesting that E2-induced changes are not mediated by estrogen receptor. Patch-clamp studies in rat arterial myocytes showed that E2 prevented Kv channel inhibition induced by serotonin. Serotonin increased Src activation in arterial smooth muscle required for contraction, which was significantly inhibited by E2. The estrogen receptor-independent inhibition of Src by E2 was confirmed in HEK293T cells that do not express estrogen receptor. Taken together, these results suggest that estrogen exerts vasodilatory effects on serotonin-precontracted arteries via Src, implying a critical role for estrogen in the prevention of vascular hyperreactivity to serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gon Kim
- Department of Physiology, KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Leem
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ilmin Kwon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Min Bae
- Department of Physiology, KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Korea.
| | - Hana Cho
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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18
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Zhao H, Liu Y, Li Z, Song Y, Cai X, Liu Y, Zhang T, Yang L, Li L, Gao S, Li Y, Yu C. Identification of essential hypertension biomarkers in human urine by non-targeted metabolomics based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 486:192-198. [PMID: 30092170 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, using metabolomics technology to study hypertension has made some progress. However, in actual clinical studies, there are few studies on hypertension related metabonomics with human urine as samples. In this study, the urine samples of patients with essential hypertension (EH) were studied by comparing with healthy people to explore the changes of urine metabolites between hypertensive patients and healthy people in order to find potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways. METHODS An ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) technology was used to analyze the urine metabolites of 75 cases of essential hypertension group (EH) and 75 cases of healthy control group (HC). RESULTS According to the PLS-DA pattern recognition analysis, substances with significant differences (P < .05) between the EH group and the HC group were screened out, including 10 potential biomarkers such as L-methionine. The metabolic pathways involved were amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism steroid hormone, biosynthesis and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION The non-targeted metabolomics based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology can effectively identify the differential metabolites of potential biomarkers in the urine of essential hypertensive patients and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of clinical hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan west Road, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yijia Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan west Road, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan west Road, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yanqi Song
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan west Road, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xuemeng Cai
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan west Road, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yuechen Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan west Road, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Tianpu Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan west Road, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan west Road, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Lin Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan west Road, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan west Road, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yubo Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan west Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Chunquan Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan west Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
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19
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Li J, Ban Y, Mao G, Zhang M, Wang M, Liu Y, Zhao B, Shen Q, Xu Q, Wang N. Inhibition of 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2B Reduced Vascular Restenosis and Mitigated the β-Arrestin2-Mammalian Target of Rapamycin/p70S6K Pathway. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e006810. [PMID: 29382665 PMCID: PMC5850233 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a monoamine neurotransmitter, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) or serotonin modulates mood, appetite, and sleep. Besides, 5-HT also has important peripheral functions. 5-HT receptor 2B (5-HT2BR) plays a key role in cardiovascular diseases, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and cardiac valve disease. Percutaneous intervention has been used to restore blood flow in occlusive vascular disease. However, restenosis remains a significant problem. Herein, we investigated the role of 5-HT2BR in neointimal hyperplasia, a key pathological process in restenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression of 5-HT2BR was upregulated in wire-injured mouse femoral arteries. In addition, BW723C86, a selective 5-HT2BR agonist, promoted the injury response during restenosis. 5-HT and BW723C86 stimulated migration and proliferation of rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Conversely, LY272015, a selective antagonist, attenuated the 5-HT-induced smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. In vitro study showed that the promigratory effects of 5-HT2BR were mediated through the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6K signaling in a β-arrestin2-dependent manner. Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin or p70S6K mitigated 5-HT2BR-mediated smooth muscle cell migration. Mice with deficiency of 5-HT2BR showed significantly reduced neointimal formation in wire-injured arteries. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that activation of 5-HT2BR and β-arrestin2-biased downstream signaling are key pathological processes in neointimal formation, and 5-HT2BR may be a potential target for the therapeutic intervention of vascular restenosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Femoral Artery/drug effects
- Femoral Artery/enzymology
- Femoral Artery/injuries
- Femoral Artery/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Organic Chemicals/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/metabolism
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/genetics
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/metabolism
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Vascular System Injuries/drug therapy
- Vascular System Injuries/enzymology
- Vascular System Injuries/genetics
- Vascular System Injuries/pathology
- beta-Arrestin 2/genetics
- beta-Arrestin 2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqian Ban
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guangmei Mao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Beilei Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London King's British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nanping Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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20
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5-HTR3 and 5-HTR4 located on the mitochondrial membrane and functionally regulated mitochondrial functions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37336. [PMID: 27874067 PMCID: PMC5118798 DOI: 10.1038/srep37336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
5-HT has been reported to possess significant effects on cardiac activities, but activation of 5-HTR on the cell membrane failed to illustrate the controversial cardiac reaction. Because 5-HT constantly comes across the cell membrane via 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) into the cytoplasm, whether 5-HTR is functional present on the cellular organelles is unknown. Here we show 5-HTR3 and 5-HTR4 were located in cardiac mitochondria, and regulated mitochondrial activities and cellular functions. Knock down 5-HTR3 and 5-HTR4 in neonatal cardiomyocytes resulted in significant increase of cell damage in response to hypoxia, and also led to alternation in heart beating. Activation of 5-HTR4 attenuated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake under the both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, whereas 5-HTR3 augmented Ca2+ uptake only under hypoxia. 5-HTR3 and 5-HTR4 exerted the opposite effects on the mitochondrial respiration: 5-HTR3 increased RCR (respiration control ratio), but 5-HTR4 reduced RCR. Moreover, activation of 5-HTR3 and 5-HTR4 both significantly inhibited the opening of mPTP. Our results provided the first evidence that 5-HTR as a GPCR and an ion channel, functionally expressed in mitochondria and participated in the mitochondria function and regulation to maintain homeostasis of mitochondrial [Ca2+], ROS, and ATP generation efficiency in cardiomyocytes in response to stress and O2 tension.
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21
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Watts SW. Oh, the places you'll go! My many colored serotonin (apologies to Dr. Seuss). Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1225-H1233. [PMID: 27663771 PMCID: PMC5130493 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00538.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] has a truly fascinating history in the cardiovascular world. Discovered in the blood, 5-HT has long been appropriately regarded as a vasoconstrictor. A multitude of in vitro studies of isolated vessels support that addition of 5-HT causes vascular contraction. In only a few cases was 5-HT a vasodilator. Moreover, the potency and threshold of 5-HT causing contraction is increased in arteries from hypertensive vs. normotensive subjects, both animal and human. As such, we and others have hypothesized that 5-HT would contribute to hypertension by elevating arterial tone. In stark contrast to these decades of findings, we observed that a chronic infusion of 5-HT into conscious rats caused a reduction in blood pressure and nearly normalized blood pressure of experimentally hypertensive rats. Going back to the early work of Irvine Page, one of the scientists who discovered 5-HT, reveals an early recognized but never understood ability of 5-HT to reduce systemic blood pressure. Our laboratory, in collaboration with colleagues around the world, has dedicated itself to understanding the mechanisms of 5-HT-induced reduction in blood pressure. This manuscript takes you through a brief history of the discovery of 5-HT, in vitro serotonergic pharmacology of blood vessels, in vivo work with 5-HT and our studies that suggests the venous vasculature, potentially in combination with small arterioles, may be important to the actions of 5-HT in reducing blood pressure. 5-HT has certainly ended up in a place I never expected it to go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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22
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Kim DH, Choi BH, Ku SK, Park JH, Oh E, Kwak MK. Beneficial Effects of Sarpogrelate and Rosuvastatin in High Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Nephropathy in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153965. [PMID: 27097221 PMCID: PMC4838298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major complication of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension. Comorbidity of these diseases is the factor exacerbating CKD progression. Statins are commonly used in patients with metabolic disorders to decrease the risk of cardiovascular complications. Sarpogrelate, a selective antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 2A receptor, inhibits platelet aggregation and is used to improve peripheral circulation in diabetic patients. Here, we investigated the effects of sarpogrelate and rosuvastatin on CKD in mice that were subjected to a high fat diet (HFD) for 22 weeks and a single low dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg). When mice were administrated sarpogrelate (50 mg/kg, p.o.) for 13 weeks, albuminuria and urinary cystatin C excretion were normalized and histopathological changes such as glomerular mesangial expansion, tubular damage, and accumulations in lipid droplets and collagen were significantly improved. Sarpogrelate treatment repressed the HFD/STZ-induced CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 expressions, indicating the attenuation of glomerular endothelial proliferation. Additionally, sarpogrelate inhibited interstitial fibrosis by suppressing the increases in transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). All of these functional and histological improvements were also seen in rosuvastatin (20 mg/kg) group and, notably, the combinatorial treatment with sarpogrelate and rosuvastatin showed additive beneficial effects on histopathological changes by HFD/STZ. Moreover, sarpogrelate reduced circulating levels of PAI-1 that were elevated in the HFD/STZ group. As supportive in vitro evidence, sarpogrelate incubation blocked TGF-β1/5-HT-inducible PAI-1 expression in murine glomerular mesangial cells. Taken together, sarpogrelate and rosuvastatin may be advantageous to control the progression of CKD in patients with comorbid metabolic disorders, and particularly, the use of sarpogrelate as adjunctive therapy with statins may provide additional benefits on CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-hyun Kim
- College of pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-hyun Choi
- College of pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeonsangbuk-do, 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-hyeon Park
- College of pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Euichaul Oh
- College of pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kwak
- College of pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Cengiz H, Dagdeviren H, Caypinar SS, Kanawati A, Yildiz S, Ekin M. Plasma serotonin levels are elevated in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 291:1271-6. [PMID: 25502185 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the association between serotonin and hyperemesis gravidarum. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma samples of 87 women in their first trimester pregnancies with HG (n = 28), morning sickness of pregnancy (n = 30) and control (n = 29) groups were obtained. Plasma levels of serotonin were compared between the groups, and the correlations with severity of symptoms using modified PUQE (Pregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis) scoring, BMI, E2, hCG and TSH were calculated. RESULTS When the groups were compared with respect to serotonin levels, the group with hyperemesis gravidarum was found to have significantly higher serotonin levels (p = 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between the serotonin level and the PUQE score in all study subjects (r = 0.578, p = 0.0001). A serotonin threshold of >277.58 ng/mL had a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 86.4%, positive predictive value of 72.4%, negative predictive value of 87.9%, and a likelihood ratio of 5.53 (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the possible role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of hyperemesis gravidarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Cengiz
- Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Teaching and Research Hospital, Tevfik Saglam Street, No: 11, Zuhuratbaba, Istanbul, Bakirkoy, Turkey,
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24
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García-Pedraza JÁ, García M, Martín ML, Gómez-Escudero J, Rodríguez-Barbero A, San Román L, Morán A. Peripheral 5-HT1D and 5-HT7 serotonergic receptors modulate sympathetic neurotransmission in chronic sarpogrelate treated rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 714:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Singh P, Fletcher TW, Li Y, Rusch NJ, Kilic F. Serotonin uptake rates in platelets from angiotensin II-induced hypertensive mice. Health (London) 2013; 5:31-39. [PMID: 24163726 PMCID: PMC3806217 DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.54a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a critical component of the renin-angiotensin system that contributes to hypertension. Although platelets in blood from hypertensive subjects have an abnormal biological profile, it is unclear if circulating Ang II influences platelet aggregation or thrombus formation. One of the abnormalities presented to the platelets during hypertension is an elevated plasma concentration of serotonin (5-HT) caused by reduced 5-HT uptake secondary to loss of the 5-HT transporter (SERT) on the platelet plasma membrane. In the current study, we evaluated in vivo platelet function after 7 days of subcutaneous Ang II infusion to establish hypertension in mice and additionally assessed the biology of isolated platelets exposed to Ang II in vitro. The administration of Ang II elevated systolic blood pressure, but markers of platelet activation including P-selectin and PEJon/A staining were not changed. However, the aggregation response to collagen was reduced in isolated platelets from Ang II-infused mice, which also showed reduced 5-HT uptake by SERT. In vitro exposure of isolated platelets to Ang II also resulted in a loss of surface SERT associated with a reduced aggregation response to collagen. These abnormalities were reversed by increasing concentrations of the Ang II receptor antagonist, valsartan. Interestingly, SERT KO mice failed to fully develop hypertension in response to Ang II infusion and isolated platelets from these animals were insensitive to the anti-aggregatory influence of Ang II. Thus, Ang II blunts the aggregation responses of platelets and the mechanism underlying this action may involve a loss of SERT on the platelet plasma membrane. The latter event depletes intracellular 5-HT in platelets, an event that is associated with reduced aggregation. The widespread use of antihypertensive drugs that target the renin-angiotensin system suggest the potential clinical utility of our findings and emphasize the importance of understanding the impact of Ang II on platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Terry W. Fletcher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Yicong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Nancy J. Rusch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Fusun Kilic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
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27
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Watts SW, Morrison SF, Davis RP, Barman SM. Serotonin and blood pressure regulation. Pharmacol Rev 2012; 64:359-88. [PMID: 22407614 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.004697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) was discovered more than 60 years ago as a substance isolated from blood. The neural effects of 5-HT have been well investigated and understood, thanks in part to the pharmacological tools available to dissect the serotonergic system and the development of the frequently prescribed selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors. By contrast, our understanding of the role of 5-HT in the control and modification of blood pressure pales in comparison. Here we focus on the role of 5-HT in systemic blood pressure control. This review provides an in-depth study of the function and pharmacology of 5-HT in those tissues that can modify blood pressure (blood, vasculature, heart, adrenal gland, kidney, brain), with a focus on the autonomic nervous system that includes mechanisms of action and pharmacology of 5-HT within each system. We compare the change in blood pressure produced in different species by short- and long-term administration of 5-HT or selective serotonin receptor agonists. To further our understanding of the mechanisms through which 5-HT modifies blood pressure, we also describe the blood pressure effects of commonly used drugs that modify the actions of 5-HT. The pharmacology and physiological actions of 5-HT in modifying blood pressure are important, given its involvement in circulatory shock, orthostatic hypotension, serotonin syndrome and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317, USA.
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28
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Yamada K, Niki H, Nagai H, Nishikawa M, Nakagawa H. Serotonin Potentiates High-Glucose^|^ndash;Induced Endothelial Injury: the Role of Serotonin and 5-HT2A Receptors in Promoting Thrombosis in Diabetes. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 119:243-50. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12009fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) was named for its isolation from blood serum (sero-) and ability to contract smooth muscle (-tonin). Thus, its relationship with the cardiovascular system began with its discovery. AIMS This review will focus on the effects of 5-HT and its receptors in the vasculature, with a focus on their involvement in high blood pressure (hypertension). Two seemingly contradictory bodies of evidence exist that make it difficult to assign any one function to 5-HT in vascular control of blood pressure. RESULTS In vitro, 5-HT is an established vasoconstrictor, the effects of which are amplified in hypertension. By contrast, 5-HT (or its precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan) lowers blood pressure when given chronically in vivo. We will discuss ideas that might help us understand these differences, discuss relatively new pharmacology parameters (e.g. biased, inverse agonism) as they pertain to 5-HT receptors, and pose questions that are vital to answer so as to understand the role played by 5-HT in control of blood pressure, especially as it pertains to vascular function. CONCLUSIONS Our goal is to understand if the actions of 5-HT in hypertension are physiologically and clinically relevant. The community understands 5-HT has complex cardiovascular effects, and clinical studies have proven equivocal in terms of the involvement of 5-HT. This article provides a balanced view of evidence/literature that illustrates involvement of 5-HT in hypertension as controversial. It contributes new pharmacological knowledge of 5-HT compounds, and poses timely questions as to how this field can move forward. The take home message is that the cardiovascular effects of 5-HT are markedly complex such that we have not yet answered the question of whether 5-HT is beneficial or detrimental to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317, USA.
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Christmas DM, Potokar J, Davies SJ. A biological pathway linking inflammation and depression: activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2011; 7:431-9. [PMID: 21792309 PMCID: PMC3140295 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s17573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This article highlights the evidence linking depression to increased inflammatory drive and explores putative mechanisms for the association by reviewing both preclinical and clinical literature. The enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is induced by proinflammatory cytokines and may form a link between immune functioning and altered neurotransmission, which results in depression. Increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity may cause both tryptophan depletion and increased neurotoxic metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, two alterations which have been hypothesized to cause depression. The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway is comprehensively described with a focus on the evidence linking metabolite alterations to depression. The use of immune-activated groups at high risk of depression have been used to explore these hypotheses; we focus on the studies involving chronic hepatitis C patients receiving interferon-alpha, an immune activating cytokine. Findings from this work have led to novel strategies for the future development of antidepressants including inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, moderating the cytokines which activate it, or addressing other targets in the kynurenine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Christmas
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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The prevention of contrast induced nephropathy by sarpogrelate in patients with chronic kidney disease: a study protocol for a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Trials 2010; 11:122. [PMID: 21167080 PMCID: PMC3018375 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-11-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a serious clinical problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Although some agents including hydration with saline are being prescribed to prevent renal deterioration in these high risk patients, their efficacy is not clearly defined and debatable. Therefore additional prophylactic pretreatments are needed. Methods/Design The present study aims to investigate differences in occurrence of CIN after sarpogrelate premedication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). 268 participants, aged 20-85 years with a clinical diagnosis of CKD will be recruited. They will be randomly allocated to one of two conditions: (i) routine treatment without sarpogrelate, and (ii) routine treatment with sarpogrelate (a fixed-flexible dose of 300 mg/day). The primary outcome is the occurrence of CIN during 4 weeks after receiving contrast agent. Discussion As of May 2010, there were no registered trials evaluating the therapeutic potentials of sarpogrelate in preventing for CIN. If sarpogrelate decreases the worsening of renal function and occurrence of CIN, it will provide a safe, easy and inexpensive treatment option. Trial registration NCT01165567
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Mercado CP, Kilic F. Molecular mechanisms of SERT in platelets: regulation of plasma serotonin levels. Mol Interv 2010; 10:231-41. [PMID: 20729489 DOI: 10.1124/mi.10.4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) on platelets is a primary mechanism for serotonin (5HT) uptake from the blood plasma. Alteration in plasma 5HT level is associated with a number of cardiovascular diseases and disorders. Therefore, the regulation of the transporter's activity represents a key mechanism to stabilize the concentration of plasma 5HT. There is a biphasic relationship between plasma 5HT elevation, loss of surface SERT, and depletion of platelet 5HT. Specifically, in platelets, plasma membrane SERT levels and platelet 5HT uptake initially rise as plasma 5HT levels are increased but then fall below normal as the plasma 5HT level continues to rise. Therefore, we propose that elevated plasma 5HT limits its own uptake in platelets by down-regulating SERT as well as modifying the characteristics of SERT partners in the membrane trafficking pathway. This review will summarize current findings regarding the biochemical mechanisms by which elevated 5HT downregulates the expression of SERT on the platelet membrane. Intriguing aspects of this regulation include the intracellular interplay of SERT with the small G protein Rab4 and the concerted 5HT-mediated phosphorylation of vimentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Mercado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Medicine, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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Matsumoto T, Kobayashi T, Ishida K, Taguchi K, Kamata K. Enhancement of mesenteric artery contraction to 5-HT depends on Rho kinase and Src kinase pathways in the ob/ob mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:1092-104. [PMID: 20590603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Arteries from hypertensive subjects are reportedly hyperresponsive to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), but it remains unclear whether this is true in chronic type 2 diabetes. We have assessed responses to 5-HT shown by mesenteric arteries from type 2 diabetic ob/ob mice (27-32 weeks old) and have identified the molecular mechanisms involved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Contractions of mesenteric rings to 5-HT were examined in vitro. Activation of mesenteric RhoA, Rho kinase and Src was measured by Western blotting or by modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. KEY RESULTS Concentration-dependent contractions to 5-HT were greater in mesenteric rings from the ob/ob than in those from the age-matched control ('Lean') group. In each group, there was no significant change in the 5-HT-induced contractions after inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine), of cyclooxygenase (with indomethacin) or of protein kinase C (with chelerythrine). However inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway (with PD98059) decreased the response to 5-HT. Although the diabetes-related enhancement of the 5-HT response was preserved with each of these inhibitors, enhancement was abolished by a Rho kinase inhibitor (Y27632) and by Src kinase inhibitors (PP1 analogue or Src kinase inhibitor I). 5-HT-induced activation of RhoA, Rho kinase and Src kinase in mesenteric arteries was greater in the ob/ob than in the Lean group, but the expression of RhoA, Rho kinase isoforms and Src did not differ between these groups. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that the enhancement of 5-HT-induced contraction in mesenteric arteries from ob/ob mice may be attributable to increased activation of RhoA/Rho kinase and Src kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
Serotonin is perhaps best known as a neurotransmitter that modulates neural activity and a wide range of neuropsychological processes, and drugs that target serotonin receptors are used widely in psychiatry and neurology. However, most serotonin is found outside the central nervous system, and virtually all of the 15 serotonin receptors are expressed outside as well as within the brain. Serotonin regulates numerous biological processes including cardiovascular function, bowel motility, ejaculatory latency, and bladder control. Additionally, new work suggests that serotonin may regulate some processes, including platelet aggregation, by receptor-independent, transglutaminase-dependent covalent linkage to cellular proteins. We review this new "expanded serotonin biology" and discuss how drugs targeting specific serotonin receptors are beginning to help treat a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Berger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
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35
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Watts SW. The love of a lifetime: 5-HT in the cardiovascular system. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 296:R252-6. [PMID: 18753260 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90676.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] is an amine made from the essential amino acid tryptophan. 5-HT serves numerous functions in the body, including mood, satiety, and gastrointestinal function. Less understood is the role 5-HT plays in the cardiovascular system, although 5-HT receptors have been localized to every important cardiovascular organ and 5-HT-induced changes in physiological function attributed to activation of these receptors. This manuscript relates a few scientific stories that test the idea that 5-HT is important to the control of normal vascular tone, more so in the hypertensive condition. Currently, our laboratory is faced with two different lines of experimentation from which one could draw vastly different conclusions as to the ability of 5-HT to modify endogenous vascular tone and blood pressure. Studies point to 5-HT being important in maintaining high blood pressure, but other studies solidly support the ability of 5-HT to reduce elevated blood pressure. This work underscores that our knowledge of the functions of 5-HT in the cardiovascular system is significantly incomplete. As such, this field is an exciting one in which to be, because there are superb questions to be asked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B445 Life Sciences Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824-1317, USA.
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36
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Serotonin pharmacology in the gastrointestinal tract: a review. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2008; 377:181-203. [PMID: 18398601 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-008-0276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) plays a critical physiological role in the regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) function. 5-HT dysfunction may also be involved in the pathophysiology of a number of functional GI disorders, such as chronic constipation, irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia. This article describes the role of 5-HT in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the mammalian GI tract and the receptors with which it interacts. Existing serotonergic therapies that have proven effective in the treatment of GI functional disorders and the potential of drugs currently in development are also highlighted. Advances in our understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of 5-HT in the ENS and the identification of selective receptor ligands bodes well for the future development of more efficacious therapies for patients with functional GI disorders.
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Ni W, Watts SW. 5-hydroxytryptamine in the cardiovascular system: focus on the serotonin transporter (SERT). Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 33:575-83. [PMID: 16789923 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
1. The function of the serotonin transporter (SERT) is to take up and release serotonin (5-hydroxytyptamine (5-HT)) from cells and this function of SERT in the central nervous system (CNS) is well-documented; SERT is the target of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used in the treatment of CNS disorders, such as depression. 2. The aim of the present review is to discuss our current knowledge of 5-HT and SERT in the cardiovascular (CV) system, as well as their function in physiological and pathophysiological states. 3. The SERT protein has been located in multiple CV tissues, including the heart, blood vessels, brain, platelets, adrenal gland and kidney. Modification of SERT function occurs at both transcriptional and translational levels. The functions of SERT in these tissues is largely unexplored, but includes modulation of cardiac and smooth muscle contractility, platelet aggregation, cellular mitogenesis, modulating neuronal activity and urinary excretion. 4. Recent studies have uncovered potential relationships between the expression of SERT gene promoter variants (long (l) or short (s)) with CV diseases. Specifically, the risk of myocardial infarction and pulmonary hypertension is increased with expression of the ll promoter, a variant associated with increased expression and function of SERT. The relationship between promoter variants and other CV diseases has not been investigated. 5. Newly available experimental tools, such as pharmacological compounds and genetically altered mice, should prove useful in the investigation of the function of SERT in the CV system. 6. In summary, the function of SERT in the CV system is just beginning to be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Callera G, Tostes R, Savoia C, Muscara MN, Touyz RM. Vasoactive peptides in cardiovascular (patho)physiology. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2007; 5:531-52. [PMID: 17489676 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.5.3.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Numerous vasoactive agents play an important physiological role in regulating vascular tone, reactivity and structure. In pathological conditions, alterations in the regulation of vasoactive peptides result in endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling and vascular inflammation, which are important processes underlying vascular damage in cardiovascular disease. Among the many vasoactive agents implicated in vascular (patho)biology, angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin (ET), serotonin and natriuretic peptides appear to be particularly important because of their many pleiotropic actions and because they have been identified as potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease. Ang II, ET-1, serotonin and natriuretic peptides mediate effects via specific receptors, which belong to the group of G-protein-coupled receptors. ET, serotonin and Ang II are primarily vasoconstrictors with growth-promoting actions, whereas natriuretic peptides, specifically atrial, brain and C-type natriuretic peptides, are vasodilators with natriuretic effects. Inhibition of vasoconstrictor actions with drugs that block peptide receptors, compounds that inhibit enzymes that generate vasoactive peptides or agents that increase levels of natriuretic peptides are potentially valuable therapeutic tools in the management of cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on ET, natriuretic peptides and serotonin. The properties and distribution of these vasoactive agents and their receptors, mechanisms of action and implications in cardiovascular (patho)physiology will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Callera
- University of Ottawa/Ottawa Health Research Institute, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Caamaño-Tubío RI, Pérez J, Ferreiro S, Aldegunde M. Peripheral serotonin dynamics in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2007; 145:245-55. [PMID: 17303475 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) occurs in a wide range of tissues throughout the body of the rainbow trout. Results reported here indicate that the main peripheral sources of serotonin are the intestinal tract and the gill epithelium (levels above 1500 ng/g). The high intestinal serotonin concentration is mostly due to serotoninergic nerve fibres, which are present at high density in the intestinal wall. Only about 2% of serotonin is associated with mucosal enterochromaffin cells. In the remaining tissues studied serotonin concentration was below 160 ng/g: the highest concentrations were seen in the anterior and posterior kidneys, followed by the liver, heart, and spleen. 5-Hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels, except in plasma, were generally lower than serotonin levels, and were below our detection limits in heart, spleen and posterior kidney. Acute d-fenfluramine treatment (5 or 15 mg/kg i.p.) significantly increased 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio in the anterior intestine, pyloric caeca and plasma. Serotonin released from intestinal serotoninergic fibres in response to d-fenfluramine treatment is metabolized locally, and only a small part reaches the blood, from where it can be taken up and metabolized by other peripheral tissues, such as the liver and gill epithelium. The non-metabolized serotonin pool in the blood appears to be located extracellularly, not intracellularly as in mammals. In view of these findings, we present an overview of peripheral serotonin dynamics in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Caamaño-Tubío
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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40
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Muntasir HA, Rashid M, Komiyama T, Kawakami J, Nagatomo T. Identification of amino acid residues important for sarpogrelate binding to the human 5-hydroxytryptamine2A serotonin receptor. J Pharmacol Sci 2006; 102:55-63. [PMID: 16974069 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0060171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(2A)-receptor sarpogrelate interactions by site-directed mutagenesis. Based on molecular modeling studies, aspartic acid (Asp)155[3.32] and tryptophan (Trp)151[3.28] in transmembrane helix (TMH) III and Trp336[6.48] in TMH VI of the 5-HT(2A) receptor were found to interact with sarpogrelate. All of these residues were mutated to alanine (Ala). The Asp3.32Ala mutant did not exhibit any affinity for [(3)H]ketanserin, whereas the Trp3.28Ala mutant showed a markedly decrease in the binding affinity for [(3)H]ketanserin (K(d) >10,000 nM). Therefore, it was not possible to find any sarpogrelate affinity to the mutants using [(3)H]ketanserin. The mutation also abolished agonist-stimulated formation of [(3)H]inositol phosphates (IP) in both cases. On the other hand, the Trp6.48Ala mutant showed reduced binding affinity for [(3)H]ketanserin (K(d) 2.0 nM vs 0.8 nM for the wild-type receptor) and had reduced affinity for sarpogrelate (pK(i) value of 5.71 vs 9.06 for the wild-type receptor). The Trp6.48Ala mutant also showed the greatest decrease in sensitivity to sarpogrelate (pK(b) value 8.81 for wild-type and 5.11 for mutant) in inhibiting agonist-stimulated IP formation. These results provide direct evidence that Asp3.32, Trp3.28, and less importantly, Trp6.48 are responsible for the interaction between the 5-HT(2A) receptor and sarpogrelate. In addition, these results support the findings obtained from molecular modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Abul Muntasir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Japan
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41
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López-Parra M, Telleria N, Titos E, Planagumà A, González-Périz A, Arroyo V, Rodés J, Clària J. Gene expression profiling of renal dysfunction in rats with experimental cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2006; 45:221-9. [PMID: 16644059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Renal dysfunction is a frequent complication in advanced cirrhosis. The mechanisms underlying this complication have classically been addressed through conventional methods of study of candidate genes, but never on a genome-wide scale. In this investigation, we used microarrays to monitor global gene expression changes in the kidney of cirrhotic rats. METHODS Renal samples were obtained from control and carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhotic rats. RNA samples were reverse-transcribed into Cy5-labeled cDNA, combined with a Cy3-labeled reference and hybridized to oligonucleotide microarrays. Microarrays were scanned in a Genepix 4000B and data analyzed by Luminator v2.0 software. RESULTS A total of 620 genes were differentially regulated (354 up and 266 down) in the cirrhotic kidney, accounting for approximately 11% of all analyzed transcripts. Functional grouping of these genes revealed that 47 were related to the category of vascular tone and 85 to transporters/channels. Among these, we identified genes and pathways already associated with renal dysfunction as well as a new subset of genes previously unknown to participate in this complication, including a G protein-coupled receptor that binds apelin, a protein phosphatase (calcineurin B) and a number of neuropeptide receptors and growth factors. CONCLUSIONS These findings furnish new data for mechanistic investigation into renal dysfunction in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta López-Parra
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona School of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
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Saini HK, Takeda N, Goyal RK, Kumamoto H, Arneja AS, Dhalla NS. Therapeutic Potentials of Sarpogrelate in Cardiovascular Disease*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 22:27-54. [PMID: 14978517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3466.2004.tb00130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In view of the pivotal role of serotonin (5-HT) in a wide variety of cardiovascular disorders, extensive effort has been made to develop different types of 5-HT receptor antagonists for therapeutic use. On the basis of experimental studies, this article is focused on the potentials of sarpogrelate, a specific 5-HT2A receptor antagonist as an antiplatelet, antithrombotic, antiatherosclerotic and antianginal agent. The major effects of sarpogrelate are due to the inhibition of 5-HT-induced platelet aggregation and smooth muscle cell proliferation. This agent was found to attenuate the 5-HT-mediated increase in intracellular Ca2+ and ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart. Sarpogrelate has been found to have beneficial effects in peripheral vascular disease, restenosis after coronary stenting, pulmonary hypertension, acute and chronic myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjot K Saini
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
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Abstract
Sarpogrelate is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtype 2A (5-HT2A) antagonist. It is metabolised to racemic M-1 and both enantiomers of M-1 are also antagonists of 5-HT2A receptors. Sarpogrelate inhibits responses to 5-HT mediated by 5-HT2A receptors such as platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction and vascular smooth muscle proliferation. There is no information available on the pharmacokinetics of sarpogrelate. Sarpogrelate is efficacious in animal models of thrombosis, coronary artery spasm, atherosclerosis, restenosis, peripheral vascular disease, pulmonary hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, diabetes and kidney disease. Small clinical trials indicate that sarpogrelate may be beneficial in the treatment of coronary artery disease, angina, restenosis, heart valve prostheses surgery, diabetes mellitus, Raynaud's phenomenon, systemic sclerosis and Buerger's disease. Larger, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of sarpogrelate in intermittent claudication, coronary artery disease, restenosis and diabetes should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila A Doggrell
- Doggrell Biomedical Communications, 47 Caronia Crescent, Lynfield, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Abstract
Since its discovery by Erspamer in the 1930s and identification by Page in the 1950s, 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine; serotonin) has been an elusive candidate as a substance that plays a role in the disease of high blood pressure, also known as hypertension. In both animal and human hypertension, arterial contraction to 5-HT is profoundly enhanced. Additionally, 5-HT is a vascular smooth muscle cell mitogen. Because both increased arterial contractility and smooth muscle growth contribute to the disease of hypertension, it is logical to believe that 5-HT is a potential cause of disease, and thus a foe. However, decades of research have produced conflicting results as to the potential role of 5-HT in hypertension. This review will discuss historical findings which both support and refute the involvement of 5-HT in hypertension, and pose some new questions that may reveal novel ways for 5-HT to modify vascular control of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B445 Life Sciences Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317, USA.
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Takishita E, Takahashi A, Harada N, Yamato M, Yoshizumi M, Nakaya Y. Effect of Sarpogrelate Hydrochloride, A 5-HT2 Blocker, on Insulin Resistance in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty Rats (OLETF rats), A Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2004; 43:266-70. [PMID: 14716215 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200402000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is closely related to pathogenesis of angiopathy in type 2 diabetes. Acute and chronic effects of sarpogrelate hydrochloride (sarpogrelate), a 5-HT2 blocker, on glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were examined. Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a model of type 2 diabetes, were randomly assigned to 2 groups; those with 30 mg/kg BW/d sarpogrelate treatment of 4 weeks (HTB group) and without (control group). The glucose infusion rate was significantly increased in the HTB group compared with the control group. The blood glucose levels after oral glucose tolerance test and levels of plasma insulin and lipids were significantly lower in the HTB group than in the control group. To investigate mechanism of the improvement by sarpogrelate, acute effect of 5-HT and its blocking effect by sarpogrelate on blood levels of glucose were examined in 25-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Blood glucose levels were significantly increased by administration of 5-HT. This increase was reversed by pretreatment of sarpogrelate. A plasma adrenaline level also rose significantly by injection of the 5-HT and was prevented by pretreatment of sarpogrelate. These results indicate that sarpogrelate improves insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Takishita
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima City, Japan
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46
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Zhu YC, Zhu YZ, Moore PK. Magnifying endoscopic observation of the gastric mucosa, particularly in patients with atrophic gastritis. Br J Pharmacol 1978; 148:884-901. [PMID: 16783414 PMCID: PMC1751922 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastric mucosal surface was observed using the magnifying fibergastroscope (FGS-ML), and the fine gastric mucosal patterns, which were even smaller than one unit of gastric area, were examined at a magnification of about 30. For simplicification, we classified these patterns by magnifying endoscopy in the following ways; FP, FIP, FSP, SP and MP, modifying Yoshii's classification under the dissecting microscope. The FIP, which was found to have round and long elliptical gastric pits, is a new addition to our endoscopic classification. The relationship between the FIP and the intermediate zone was evaluated by superficial and histological studies of surgical and biopsy specimens. The width of the band of FIP seems to be related to the severity of atrophic gastritis. Also, the transformation of FP to FIP was assessed by comparing specimens taken from the resected and residual parts of the stomach, respectively. Moreover, it appears that severe gastritis occurs in the gastric mucosa which shows a FIP. Therefore, we consider that the FIP indicates the position of the atrophic border.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.
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