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Maldonado J, Oliva A, Guzmán L, Molinari A, Acevedo W. Synthesis, Anticancer Activity, and Docking Studies of Novel Hydroquinone-Chalcone-Pyrazoline Hybrid Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7281. [PMID: 39000394 PMCID: PMC11242894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel series of antitumor hybrids was synthesized using 1,4-benzohydroquinone and chalcone, furane, or pyrazoline scaffolds. This were achieved through isosteric substitution of the aryl group of the chalcone β-carbon with the furanyl moiety and structural modification of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system. The potential antitumor activity of these hybrids was evaluated in vivo on MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma and HT-29 colorectal carcinoma cells, demonstrating cytotoxic activity with IC50 values ranging from 28.8 to 124.6 µM. The incorporation of furan and pyrazoline groups significantly enhanced antiproliferative properties compared to their analogues and precursors (VII-X), which were inactive against both neoplastic cell lines. Compounds 4, 5, and 6 exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against both cell lines, whereas compound 8 showed higher cytotoxic activity against HT-29 cells. Molecular docking studies revealed superior free-energy values (ΔGbin) for carcinogenic pathway-involved kinase proteins, with our in silico data suggesting that these derivatives could be promising chemotherapeutic agents targeting kinase pathways. Among all the synthesized PIBHQ compounds, derivatives 7 and 8 exhibited the best drug-likeness properties, with values of 0.53 and 0.83, respectively. ADME results collectively suggest that most of these compounds hold promise as potential candidates for preclinical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Maldonado
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 23732223, Chile
| | - Alfonso Oliva
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 23732223, Chile
| | - Leda Guzmán
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 23732223, Chile
| | - Aurora Molinari
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 23732223, Chile
| | - Waldo Acevedo
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 23732223, Chile
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Dakroub R, Huard S, Hajj-Younes Y, Suresh S, Badran B, Fayyad-Kazan H, Dubois T. Therapeutic Advantage of Targeting PRMT5 in Combination with Chemotherapies or EGFR/HER2 Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2023; 15:785-799. [PMID: 37954171 PMCID: PMC10637385 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s430513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subgroup characterized by a high risk of resistance to chemotherapies and high relapse potential. TNBC shows inter-and intra-tumoral heterogeneity; more than half expresses high EGFR levels and about 30% are classified as HER2-low breast cancers. High PRMT5 mRNA levels are associated with poor prognosis in TNBC and inhibiting PRMT5 impairs the viability of subsets of TNBC cell lines and delays tumor growth in TNBC mice models. TNBC patients may therefore benefit from a treatment targeting PRMT5. The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic benefit of combining a PRMT5 inhibitor with different chemotherapies used in the clinics to treat TNBC patients, or with FDA-approved inhibitors targeting the HER family members. Methods The drug combinations were performed using proliferation and colony formation assays on TNBC cell lines that were sensitive or resistant to EPZ015938, a PRMT5 inhibitor that has been evaluated in clinical trials. The chemotherapies analyzed were cisplatin, doxorubicin, camptothecin, and paclitaxel. The targeted therapies tested were erlotinib (EGFR inhibitor), neratinib (EGFR/HER2/HER4 inhibitor) and tucatinib (HER2 inhibitor). Results We found that PRMT5 inhibition synergized mostly with cisplatin, and to a lesser extent with doxorubicin or camptothecin, but not with paclitaxel, to impair TNBC cell proliferation. PRMT5 inhibition also synergized with erlotinib and neratinib in TNBC cell lines, especially in those overexpressing EGFR. Additionally, a synergistic interaction was observed with neratinib and tucatinib in a HER2-low TNBC cell line as well as in a HER2-positive breast cancer cell line. We noticed that synergy can be obtained in TNBC cell lines that were resistant to PRMT5 inhibition alone. Conclusion Altogether, our data highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting PRMT5 using combinatorial strategies for the treatment of subsets of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Dakroub
- Breast Cancer Biology Group, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie-PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath, 1003, Lebanon
| | - Solène Huard
- Breast Cancer Biology Group, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie-PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Yara Hajj-Younes
- Breast Cancer Biology Group, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie-PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Samyuktha Suresh
- Breast Cancer Biology Group, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie-PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath, 1003, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath, 1003, Lebanon
| | - Thierry Dubois
- Breast Cancer Biology Group, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie-PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
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Abdulredha FH, Mahdi MF, Khan AK. In silico evaluation of binding interaction and ADME study of new 1,3-diazetidin-2-one derivatives with high antiproliferative activity. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2023; 14:176-184. [PMID: 37692021 PMCID: PMC10483897 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_116_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of eight novels' 1,3-diazetidin-2-ones have been proposed to assess their potential activities. They are intended to examine antiproliferative effects through inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. These eight compounds strongly interact with the EGFR protein, responsible for the activity. As part of a present study, these compounds were docked to the crystal structure of the EGFR (Protein Data Bank code: 1 M17) to determine their binding affinity at the active site. Based on computer predictions, two compounds were demonstrated high scores of 80.80 and 85.89. After analyzing ADME properties, these compounds were found to have significant potential for binding. Consequently, the abilities of gefitinib, erlotinib, imatinib, and sorafenib were selected for comparison as controls. Computational methods were performed to predict the critical disposition of eight novels' 1,3-diazetidin-2-one derivatives to the EGFR. Moreover, a docking technique employing the Genetic Optimization for Ligand Docking program was conducted. Compounds 2 and 7 demonstrate a high docking peace-wise scoring function (PLP) fitness of 85.89 and 80.80, respectively. They fulfilled the Lipinski's rule, topological descriptors, and fingerprints of drug-like molecular structure keys. These compounds can be used as lead compounds to develop novel antiproliferative agents. The outcome of applying this study is novel series of 1,3-diazetidin-2-one compounds as new analogs were designed and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity with a higher potency profile and binding affinity within the active sites of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Haidar Abdulredha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Monther Faisal Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ayad Kareem Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Wu L, Gao J, Zhang Y, Sui B, Wen Y, Wu Q, Liu K, He S, Bo X. A hybrid deep forest-based method for predicting synergistic drug combinations. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100411. [PMID: 36936075 PMCID: PMC10014304 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Combination therapy is a promising approach in treating multiple complex diseases. However, the large search space of available drug combinations exacerbates challenge for experimental screening. To predict synergistic drug combinations in different cancer cell lines, we propose an improved deep forest-based method, ForSyn, and design two forest types embedded in ForSyn. ForSyn handles imbalanced and high-dimensional data in medium-/small-scale datasets, which are inherent characteristics of drug combination datasets. Compared with 12 state-of-the-art methods, ForSyn ranks first on four metrics for eight datasets with different feature combinations. We conduct a systematic analysis to identify the most appropriate configuration parameters. We validate the predictive value of ForSyn with cell-based experiments on several previously unexplored drug combinations. Finally, a systematic analysis of feature importance is performed on the top contributing features extracted by ForSyn. The resulting key genes may play key roles on corresponding cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Wu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Binsheng Sui
- School of Film, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuqi Wen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qingqiang Wu
- School of Film, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kunhong Liu
- School of Film, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Song He
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaochen Bo
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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Verghese M, Wilkinson E, He YY. Recent Advances in RNA m 6A Modification in Solid Tumors and Tumor Immunity. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 190:95-142. [PMID: 38113000 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45654-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
An analogous field to epigenetics is referred to as epitranscriptomics, which focuses on the study of post-transcriptional chemical modifications in RNA. RNA molecules, including mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, and other non-coding RNA molecules, can be edited with numerous modifications. The most prevalent modification in eukaryotic mRNA is N6-methyladenosine (m6A), which is a reversible modification found in over 7000 human genes. Recent technological advances have accelerated the characterization of these modifications, and they have been shown to play important roles in many biological processes, including pathogenic processes such as cancer. In this chapter, we discuss the role of m6A mRNA modification in cancer with a focus on solid tumor biology and immunity. m6A RNA methylation and its regulatory proteins can play context-dependent roles in solid tumor development and progression by modulating RNA metabolism to drive oncogenic or tumor-suppressive cellular pathways. m6A RNA methylation also plays dynamic roles within both immune cells and tumor cells to mediate the anti-tumor immune response. Finally, an emerging area of research within epitranscriptomics studies the role of m6A RNA methylation in promoting sensitivity or resistance to cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Overall, our understanding of m6A RNA methylation in solid tumors has advanced significantly, and continued research is needed both to fill gaps in knowledge and to identify potential areas of focus for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Verghese
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Emma Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Huang J, Chen Z. The Alkynylative Difunctionalization of Alkenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201519. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Min Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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Fantoni T, Tolomelli A, Cabri W. A translation of the twelve principles of green chemistry to guide the development of cross-coupling reactions. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Huang J, Chen LL, Chen ZM. Palladium-Catalyzed Three-Component Cross-Coupling of Conjugated Dienes with Indoles Using Ethynylbenziodazolones as Electrophilic Alkynylating Reagents. Org Lett 2022; 24:5777-5781. [PMID: 35912967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed regioselective 1,2-alkynyl-carbonalization of conjugated dienes with ethynylbenziodazolone (EBZ) and indoles has been developed for the first time. Various molecules containing alkenyl, alkynyl, and indole groups were readily obtained. Moreover, the resulting products can be applied to various derivatizations. This protocol uses EBZ as an electrophilic alkynylating reagent, avoiding the byproduct of dimerization of alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Min Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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Min HY, Lee HJ, Suh YA, Pei H, Kwon H, Jang HJ, Yun HJ, Moon HG, Lee HY. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor in paclitaxel-resistant human breast and lung cancer cells with upregulated glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:661-674. [PMID: 35597872 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoresistance is a major obstacle to the successful treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therapeutic strategies to overcome chemoresistance are necessary to improve the prognosis of patients with these cancers. METHODS Paclitaxel-resistant TNBC and NSCLC sublines were generated through continuous paclitaxel treatment over 6 months. The mechanistic investigation was conducted using MTT assay, LC/MS-based metabolite analysis, flow cytometry, western blot analysis, real-time PCR and tumour xenograft experiments. RESULTS Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) expression along with an increase in 3-phosphoglycerates and ribulose-5-phosphate production was upregulated in paclitaxel-resistant cells. Blockade of G6PD decreased viability of paclitaxel-resistant cells in vitro and the growth of paclitaxel-resistant MDA/R xenograft tumours in vivo. Mechanistically, activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/Akt pathway mediates G6PD expression and G6PD-induced cell survival. Blockade of the EGFR pathway inhibited G6PD expression and sensitised those paclitaxel-resistant cells to paclitaxel treatment in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of publicly available datasets revealed an association between G6PD and unfavourable clinical outcomes in patients with breast or lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS EGFR signaling-mediated G6PD expression plays a pivotal role in paclitaxel resistance, highlighting the potential of targeting EGFR to overcome paclitaxel resistance in TNBC and NSCLC cells overexpressing G6PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Min
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah Suh
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Honglan Pei
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjin Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Jang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gon Moon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Xu H, Chen R, Shen Q, Yang D, Peng H, Tong J, Fu Q. Overexpression of Circular RNA circ_0013587 Reverses Erlotinib Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer Cells Through Regulating the miR-1227/E-Cadherin Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:754146. [PMID: 34552882 PMCID: PMC8450525 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.754146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Erlotinib, a small-molecule epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, demonstrated therapeutic efficacy against pancreatic cancer. However, acquired resistance to erlotinib in pancreatic cancer is widely observed, and the exact mechanisms have not been fully explored until now. We examined the role of circular RNA circ_0013587 in the acquired resistance to erlotinib in pancreatic cancer cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods We selected erlotinib-resistant pancreatic cancer cells from the AsPC-1 cell line. The expression of circ_0013587 was examined by qRT-PCR assays. The effects of circ_0013587 on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and erlotinib resistance were assessed by cell functional assays. Bioinformatic analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays identified circ_0013587 and E-cadherin as direct targets of miR-1227. Mouse xenograft models were employed to investigate the function of circ_0013587 in erlotinib resistance of tumors in vivo. Results Circ_0013587 expression was significantly reduced in erlotinib-resistant AsPC-1 cells. We found that increasing circ_0013587 levels in erlotinib-resistant AsPC-1 cells re-sensitized them, whereas reducing circ_0013587 levels in erlotinib-sensitive AsPC-1 cells made them resistant. Mechanically, circ_0013587 released E-cadherin from the suppression of miR-1227, leading to E-cadherin up-regulation. Rescue assays highlighted that circ_0013587 reversed erlotinib resistance in pancreatic cancer cells by increasing E-cadherin levels through reducing the expression of miR-1227. Furthermore, circ_0013587 overexpression sensitized erlotinib-resistant AsPC-1 cells to erlotinib in xenograft models. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that down-regulation of circ_0013587 contributes to acquired resistance to erlotinib in pancreatic cancer cells through mediating the miR-1227/E-cadherin pathway and that circ_0013587 is a potential target molecular to overcome erlotinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Xu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Runzhi Chen
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Tong
- Department of PICC, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Beklen H, Yildirim E, Kori M, Turanli B, Arga KY. Systems-level biomarkers identification and drug repositioning in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i7.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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12
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Beklen H, Yildirim E, Kori M, Turanli B, Arga KY. Systems-level biomarkers identification and drug repositioning in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:638-661. [PMID: 34322194 PMCID: PMC8299930 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i7.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most commonly diagnosed fatal cancer in both women and men worldwide. CRC ranked second in mortality and third in incidence in 2020. It is difficult to diagnose CRC at an early stage as there are no clinical symptoms. Despite advances in molecular biology, only a limited number of biomarkers have been translated into routine clinical practice to predict risk, prognosis and response to treatment. In the last decades, systems biology approaches at the omics level have gained importance. Over the years, several biomarkers for CRC have been discovered in terms of disease diagnosis and prognosis. On the other hand, a few drugs are being developed and used in clinics for the treatment of CRC. However, the development of new drugs is very costly and time-consuming as the research and development takes about 10 years and more than $1 billion. Therefore, drug repositioning (DR) could save time and money by establishing new indications for existing drugs. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC from the systems biology perspective and insights into DR approaches for the prevention or treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Beklen
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Esra Yildirim
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Medi Kori
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Beste Turanli
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Kazim Yalcin Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
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Cheng F, Peng X, Meng G, Pu Y, Luo K, He B. Poly(ester-thioether) microspheres co-loaded with erlotinib and α-tocopheryl succinate for combinational therapy of non-small cell lung cancer. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:1728-1738. [PMID: 32022097 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02840d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymer microspheres are attracting wide attention in localized cancer therapy owing to the excellent biocompatibility and drug loading capacity, controllable biodegradation speeds, and minimized systemic toxicity. Herein, we presented poly(ester-thioether) microspheres, porous and nonporous, as drug depots for localized therapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Specifically, erlotinib and α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS), which are respectively an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor and mitochondria destabilizer, were efficiently loaded into porous and nonporous poly(ester-thioether) microspheres for the treatment of EGFR-overexpressing NSCLC (A549 cells). The poly(ester-thioether) microspheres significantly improved the bioavailability of both erlotinib and α-TOS in comparison to the free drug combination, realizing synergistic inhibition of A549 cells both in vitro and in vivo. The porous microspheres displayed faster degradation and drug release than the nonporous counterpart, thereby showing better anticancer efficacy. Overall, our study reported a new anticancer strategy of erlotinib and α-TOS combination for therapy of NSCLC, and established that poly(ester-thioether) microspheres could be a robust and biodegradable reservoir for drug delivery and localized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China. and Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xinyu Peng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Guolong Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Yuji Pu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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Mondal A, Chen H, Flämig L, Wedi P, van Gemmeren M. Sterically Controlled Late-Stage C–H Alkynylation of Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18662-18667. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arup Mondal
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Hao Chen
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Lea Flämig
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Wedi
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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15
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Hammoud MK, Yosef HK, Lechtonen T, Aljakouch K, Schuler M, Alsaidi W, Daho I, Maghnouj A, Hahn S, El-Mashtoly SF, Gerwert K. Raman micro-spectroscopy monitors acquired resistance to targeted cancer therapy at the cellular level. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15278. [PMID: 30323297 PMCID: PMC6189084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the drug efficacy or resistance in vitro is usually carried out by measuring the response of single few proteins. However, observation of single proteins instead of an integral cell response may lead to results that are not consistent with patient’s response to a drug. We present a Raman spectroscopic method that detects the integral cell response to drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations develop acquired resistance to first (erlotinib)- and third (osimertinib)-generation TKIs. Large erlotinib-induced differences were detected by Raman micro-spectroscopy in NSCLC cells without T790M EGFR mutation but not in cells with this mutation. Additionally, Raman difference spectra detected the response of NSCLC cells with T790M EGFR mutation to second- (neratinib) and third-generation (osimertinib) TKIs, and the resistance of cells with T790M/C797S EGFR mutation to osimertinib. Thus, the in vitro Raman results indicated that NSCLC cells with T790M and T790M/C797S EGFR mutations are resistant to erlotinib- and osimertinib, respectively, consistent with the observed responses of patients. This study shows the potential of Raman micro-spectroscopy to monitor drug resistance and opens a new door to in vitro companion diagnostics for screening personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad K Hammoud
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hesham K Yosef
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tatjana Lechtonen
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Karim Aljakouch
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wissam Alsaidi
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Daho
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Abdelouahid Maghnouj
- Department of Molecular GI-Oncology, Clinical Research Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Hahn
- Department of Molecular GI-Oncology, Clinical Research Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Gerwert
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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16
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Behinaein B, Rudie K, Sangrar W. Petri net siphon analysis and graph theoretic measures for identifying combination therapies in cancer. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 15:231-243. [PMID: 28113516 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2016.2614301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling to the Ras-MAPK pathway is implicated in the development and progression of cancer and is a major focus of targeted combination therapies. Physiochemical models have been used for identifying and testing the signal-inhibiting potential of targeted therapies, however, their application to larger multi-pathway networks is limited by the availability of experimentally-determined rate and concentration parameters. An alternate strategy for identifying and evaluating drug-targetable nodes is proposed. A physiochemical model of EGFR-Ras-MAPK signaling is implemented and calibrated to experimental data. Essential topological features of the model are converted into a Petri net and nodes that behave as siphons-a structural property of Petri nets-are identified. Siphons represent potential drug-targets since they are unrecoverable if their values fall below a threshold. Centrality measures are then used to prioritize siphons identified as candidate drug-targets. Single and multiple drug-target combinations are identified which correspond to clinically relevant drug targets and exhibit inhibition synergy in physiochemical simulations of EGF-induced EGFR-Ras-MAPK signaling. Taken together, these studies suggest that siphons and centrality analyses are a promising computational strategy to identify and rank drug-targetable nodes in larger networks as they do not require knowledge of the dynamics of the system, but rely solely on topology.
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17
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Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in a multiplicity of cancer-related signal transduction pathways like cellular proliferation, adhesion, migration, neoangiogenesis and apoptosis inhibition, all of which are important features of cancerogenesis and tumour progression. Its tyrosine kinase activity plays a central role in mediating these processes and has been intensely studied to exploit it as a therapeutic target. Inhibitors of this pathway have been developed and assessed in trials with significant efficacy in clinical applications. The current review focuses in particular on the clinical data of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition in different tumour entities, preferably non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer with emphasis to the approved small molecule erlotinib. Its clinical applications, evidence-based efficacy and toxicity as well as predictive markers of response are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Steins
- Clinic for Thoracic Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Röntgenstr. 1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Thomas
- Clinic for Thoracic Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Röntgenstr. 1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Geißler
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Städtische Kliniken Esslingen, Hirschlandstr. 97, 73730, Esslingen, Germany
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18
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Yosef HK, Mavarani L, Maghnouj A, Hahn S, El-Mashtoly SF, Gerwert K. In vitro prediction of the efficacy of molecularly targeted cancer therapy by Raman spectral imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8321-31. [PMID: 26168967 PMCID: PMC4604500 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8875-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutational acquired resistance is a major challenge in cancer therapy. Somatic tumours harbouring some oncogenic mutations are characterised by a high mortality rate. Surprisingly, preclinical evaluation methods do not show clearly resistance of mutated cancers to some drugs. Here, we implemented Raman spectral imaging to investigate the oncogenic mutation resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor targeting therapy. Colon cancer cells with and without oncogenic mutations such as KRAS and BRAF mutations were treated with erlotinib, an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor, in order to detect the impact of these mutations on Raman spectra of the cells. Clinical studies suggested that oncogenic KRAS and BRAF mutations inhibit the response to erlotinib therapy in patients, but this effect is not observed in vitro. The Raman results indicate that erlotinib induces large spectral changes in SW-48 cells that harbour wild-type KRAS and BRAF. These spectral changes can be used as a marker of response to therapy. HT-29 cells (BRAF mutated) and SW-480 cells (KRAS mutated) display a smaller and no significant response, respectively. However, the erlotinib effect on these cells is not observed when phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase and AKT is monitored by Western blot, where this phosphorylation is the conventional in vitro test. Lipid droplets show a large response to erlotinib only in the case of cells harbouring wild-type KRAS and BRAF, as indicated by Raman difference spectra. This study shows the great potential of Raman spectral imaging as an in vitro tool for detecting mutational drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham K Yosef
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Laven Mavarani
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Abdelouahid Maghnouj
- Department of Molecular GI-Oncology, Clinical Research Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Hahn
- Department of Molecular GI-Oncology, Clinical Research Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Samir F El-Mashtoly
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus Gerwert
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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19
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Bourdeanu L, Luu T. Targeted Therapies in Breast Cancer: Implications for Advanced Oncology Practice. J Adv Pract Oncol 2015; 5:246-60. [PMID: 26110069 PMCID: PMC4457180 DOI: 10.6004/jadpro.2014.5.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The systemic therapeutic management of breast cancer has undergone significant transformation in the past
decade. Without targeted therapies, conventional treatment with cytotoxic agents has reached the limit of its
potential in terms of patient survival for most types of cancer. Enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis of tumor
cell growth and metastasis has led to the identification of signaling growth pathways as targets for these directed
therapies. Novel therapies targeted to HER2/neu, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF), poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), histone
deacetylase (HDAC), the heat shock protein, and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors have been developed and
have demonstrated some efficacy in breast cancer. Recognition and management of the toxicities associated with
targeted therapies is imperative. This review will describe the clinical development and utilization of targeted
therapies currently in use or in clinical trials, with a focus on considerations for the oncology advanced
practitioner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bourdeanu
- The Sage Colleges, Troy, New York, and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Thehan Luu
- The Sage Colleges, Troy, New York, and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
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20
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Jang SY, Lee S, Kim M, Ham YJ, Cha MY, Suh KH, Kim YH, Kwon A, Kang HJ, Min KH, Lee KO. Synthesis of Quinazoline Analogues with Differential Activity for HER2-overexpressing Breast Cancer Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Jang
- Hanmi Research Center; Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd; Gyeonggi-do 445-813 Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Kim
- Hanmi Research Center; Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd; Gyeonggi-do 445-813 Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Ham
- Hanmi Research Center; Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd; Gyeonggi-do 445-813 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Cha
- Hanmi Research Center; Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd; Gyeonggi-do 445-813 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwee Hyun Suh
- Hanmi Research Center; Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd; Gyeonggi-do 445-813 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Hanmi Research Center; Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd; Gyeonggi-do 445-813 Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Kwon
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ju Kang
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Min
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ok Lee
- Hanmi Research Center; Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd; Gyeonggi-do 445-813 Republic of Korea
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21
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Ma J, Wang S, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Zhou Y, Lin C, Lin G, Wang X. Simultaneous determination of bupropion, metroprolol, midazolam, phenacetin, omeprazole and tolbutamide in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to cytochrome P450 activity study in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1203-12. [PMID: 25582505 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A specific ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method is described for the simultaneous determination of bupropion, metroprolol, midazolam, phenacetin, omeprazole and tolbutamide in rat plasma with diazepam as internal standard, which are the six probe drugs of the six cytochrome P450 isoforms CYP2B6, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2C19 and CYP2C9. Plasma samples were protein precipitated with acetonitrile. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a UPLC® BEH C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 µm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) with gradient elution. The triple quadrupole mass spectrometric detection was operated by multiple reaction monitoring in positive electrospray ionization. The precisions were <13%, and the accuracy ranged from 93.3 to 110.4%. The extraction efficiency was >90.5%, and the matrix effects ranged from 84.3 to 114.2%. The calibration curves in plasma were linear in the range of 2-2000 ng/mL, with correlation coefficient (r(2) ) >0.995. The method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of the six probe drugs of the six CYP450 isoforms and used to evaluate the effects of erlotinib on the activities of CYP2B6, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 in rats. Erlotinib may inhibit the activity of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4, and may induce CYP2C9 of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshe Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, 200063, China.,Analytical and Testing Center of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, 200063, China.,Analytical and Testing Center of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qingwei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yunfang Zhou
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Chongliang Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Guanyang Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xianqin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, 200063, China.,Analytical and Testing Center of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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22
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Targeted Therapy for Metastatic Renal Carcinoma: an Update. J Kidney Cancer VHL 2014; 1:63-73. [PMID: 28326251 PMCID: PMC5345523 DOI: 10.15586/jkcvhl.2014.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy is associated with poor outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Advances in the understanding of tumor molecular biology and the implementation of new drugs that target these molecular pathways have increased the arsenal against advanced RCC and improved outcomes in these patients. Herein, we briefly describe the latest data on targeted therapies used in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. Search strategy was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Abstracts of relevant studies published in PubMed between 2000 and 2014 were analyzed by two authors. Abstracts were selected if they were published in English, data reported was of phase II or III clinical trials, and outcomes followed FDA approval. If consensus between the two authors was achieved, they were included in the review. Key words used were “target therapy” and “metastatic renal cell carcinoma”. The results of the studies analyzed in this review support the benefits of targeted therapy in metastatic RCC. These include improved progression-free survival, overall survival, and quality of life as well as reduced toxicities compared to immunotherapy. The improvement in outcomes in metastatic RCC makes these drugs a preferred option as a primary treatment for these patients.
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23
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Astsaturov I, Cohen RB, Harari P. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in the treatment of head and neck cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 6:1179-93. [PMID: 17020453 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.6.9.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this review, key aspects of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) biology and the fruitful translation of these fundamental findings into recent treatment advances in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) are highlighted. In contrast to a number of contemporary reviews of the EGFR, many of which focus on colorectal and nonsmall cell lung cancer, this review discusses the EGFR as a validated therapeutic target in HNSCC. Recent data confirm a survival advantage for the addition of the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab to definitive radiation therapy in locoregionally advanced HNSCC patients, as well as palliative benefits for patients with incurable recurrent and metastatic HNSCC. Small-molecule EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors also show considerable promise in this disease, both alone and in combination with radiation and chemotherapy. Both classes of anti-EGFR agent are generally well tolerated, with side effects (notably skin rash) that are distinct from the toxicities of conventional chemotherapy. Ongoing clinical trials will more clearly define the role for EGFR inhibitors in all treatment phases of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Astsaturov
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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24
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Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in a multiplicity of cancer-related signal transduction pathways such as cellular proliferation, adhesion, migration, neoangiogenesis and apoptosis inhibition, all of them are important features of cancerogenesis and tumour progression. Its tyrosine kinase activity plays a central role in mediating these processes and has been intensely studied to exploit it as a therapeutic target. Inhibitors of this pathway have been developed and assessed in trials with significant efficacy in clinical applications. The current review focuses in particular on the clinical data of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition in different tumour entities, preferably non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer with emphasis to the approved small molecule erlotinib. Its clinical applications, evidence-based efficacy and toxicity as well as predictive markers of response are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Steins
- Clinic for Thoracic Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Amalienstr. 5, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany,
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25
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Liu X, Ide JL, Norton I, Marchionni MA, Ebling MC, Wang LY, Davis E, Sauvageot CM, Kesari S, Kellersberger KA, Easterling ML, Santagata S, Stuart DD, Alberta J, Agar JN, Stiles CD, Agar NYR. Molecular imaging of drug transit through the blood-brain barrier with MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2859. [PMID: 24091529 PMCID: PMC3790202 DOI: 10.1038/srep02859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug transit through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for therapeutic responses in malignant glioma. Conventional methods for assessment of BBB penetrance require synthesis of isotopically labeled drug derivatives. Here, we report a new methodology using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) to visualize drug penetration in brain tissue without molecular labeling. In studies summarized here, we first validate heme as a simple and robust MALDI MSI marker for the lumen of blood vessels in the brain. We go on to provide three examples of how MALDI MSI can provide chemical and biological insights into BBB penetrance and metabolism of small molecule signal transduction inhibitors in the brain - insights that would be difficult or impossible to extract by use of radiolabeled compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Jennifer L. Ide
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Isaiah Norton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Mark A. Marchionni
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Maritza C. Ebling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Lan Y. Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Erin Davis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Claire M. Sauvageot
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | | | - John Alberta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Charles D. Stiles
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nathalie Y. R. Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
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26
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Fung C, Chen X, Grandis JR, Duvvuri U. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition induces autophagy in cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:1417-24. [PMID: 22954701 PMCID: PMC3542232 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.22002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is frequently dysregulated in a variety of human malignancies. As a result, agents have been developed to selectively inhibit the tyrosine kinase function of EGFR (EGFR-TKI) for cancer therapy. However, the clinical efficacy of these drugs to date has been limited by both acquired and intrinsic resistance. Macroautophagy, a process of intracellular proteolysis, has been shown to be activated in response to EGFR targeted therapy. However, the specific role of the induction of autophagy remains controversial. Here we show that autophagy is induced in a dose-dependent manner by in vitro treatment of multiple cancer cell lines with EGFR-TKI. Additionally, we find that in cells highly resistant to EGFR-TKI, autophagy is not robustly activated and that co-treatment of these cells with rapamycin, a known inducer of autophagy, can partially restore sensitivity to EGFR-TKI. Finally, we demonstrate that, in resistant cell lines, EGFR-TKI sensitivity can be further inhibited by siRNA-mediated depletion of the critical autophagy protein ATG7. Thus, our data suggests that defective autophagy may be an EGFR-TKI resistance mechanism and that activation of autophagy may be a viable strategy to augment the cytotoxic effect of EGFR-TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Fung
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System; Department of Otolaryngology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Medical Fellows Program; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, MD USA
| | - Xing Chen
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System; Department of Otolaryngology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jennifer R. Grandis
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System; Department of Otolaryngology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Chemical Biology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Umamaheswar Duvvuri
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System; Department of Otolaryngology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA USA
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27
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Tan F, Shen X, Wang D, Xie G, Zhang X, Ding L, Hu Y, He W, Wang Y, Wang Y. Icotinib (BPI-2009H), a novel EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, displays potent efficacy in preclinical studies. Lung Cancer 2011; 76:177-82. [PMID: 22112293 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Icotinib, one of the leading compounds selected from our compound library, was found to be a potent and specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with an IC(50) of 5 nM. When profiled with 88 kinases, Icotinib only showed meaningful inhibitory activity to EGFR and its mutants. Icotinib blocked EGFR-mediated intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation (IC(50)=45 nM) in the human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cell line and inhibits tumor cell proliferation. In vivo studies demonstrated that Icotinib exhibited potent dose-dependent antitumor effects in nude mice carrying a variety of human tumor-derived xenografts. The drug was well tolerated at doses up to 120 mg/kg/day in mice without mortality or significant body weight loss during the treatment. A head to head randomized, double blind phase III trial using Gefitinib as an active control for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was finished recently (Trial registration ID: NCT01040780). The data shows that Icotinib was non-inferior to Gefitinib in terms of median progression free survival (PFS) and safety superior favor to Icotinib compared to Gefitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenlai Tan
- Zhejiang Beta Pharma Inc., R&D Center, 1 North Disheng St., 29, BPUSP, Beijing 100176, China
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28
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Mattmann ME, Stoops SL, Lindsley CW. Inhibition of Akt with small molecules and biologics: historical perspective and current status of the patent landscape. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:1309-38. [PMID: 21635152 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.587959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Akt plays a pivotal role in cell survival and proliferation through a number of downstream effectors; unregulated activation of the PI3K/PTEN/Akt pathway is a prominent feature of many human cancers. Akt is considered an attractive target for cancer therapy by the inhibition of Akt alone or in combination with standard cancer chemotherapeutics. Both preclinical animal studies and clinical trials in humans have validated Akt as an important target of cancer drug discovery. AREA COVERED A historical perspective of Akt inhibitors, including PI analogs, ATP-competitive and allosteric Akt inhibitors, along with other inhibitory mechanisms are reviewed in this paper with a focus on issued patents, patent applications and a summary of clinical trial updates since the last review in 2007. EXPERT OPINION A vast diversity of inhibitors of Akt, both small molecule and biologic, have been developed in the past 5 years, with over a dozen in various phases of clinical development, and several displaying efficacy in humans. While it is not yet clear which mechanism of Akt inhibition will be optimal in humans, or which Akt isoforms to inhibit, or whether a small molecule or biologic agent will be best, data to all of these points will be available in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margrith E Mattmann
- Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Vanderbilt Program in Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology , Department of Chemistry , Nashville, TN 37232 , USA
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29
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Subramanian R, Tam J, Aidasani D, Reid DL, Skiles GL. Novel Cytochrome P450 Bioactivation of a Terminal Phenyl Acetylene Group: Formation of a One-Carbon Loss Benzaldehyde and Other Oxidative Products in the Presence of N-Acetyl Cysteine or Glutathione. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:677-86. [DOI: 10.1021/tx1004375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism and §Department of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Janet Tam
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism and §Department of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Divesh Aidasani
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism and §Department of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Darren L. Reid
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism and §Department of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Gary L. Skiles
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism and §Department of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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Pham HT, Hanson RN, Olmsted SL, Kozhushnyan A, Visentin A, Weglinsky PJ, Massero C, Bailey K. Synthesis of 6- and 7-propargyloxy derivatives of 4-(3-fluoroanilino)-quinazoline. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Luo Q, Gu Y, Zheng W, Wu X, Gong F, Gu L, Sun Y, Xu Q. Erlotinib inhibits T-cell-mediated immune response via down-regulation of the c-Raf/ERK cascade and Akt signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 251:130-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Solomon BM, Jatoi A. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor-induced rash: a consecutive patient series that illustrates the need for rigorous palliative trials. J Palliat Med 2011; 14:153-6. [PMID: 21226620 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2010.0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Rash is the most common side effect of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors and negatively impacts quality of life. This single-institution study sought to explore how rash is currently managed outside a clinical trial setting and to further characterize general clinical aspects of this rash. METHODS/RESULTS Among 4101 consecutive patients with cancer of the lung, colorectum, pancreas, and head and neck, 138 had received an EGFR inhibitor. Within this group, 96 (69%) developed a rash. Forty-nine of these patients were prescribed rash therapy, and a total of 26 different palliative regimens were used. Surprisingly, most patients, with the exception of 2, appear to have manifested evidence of rash improvement-even when unproven or disproved therapies had been prescribed. Fourteen patients stopped their EGFR inhibitor because of rash, and 11 were then able to restart. No demographic variables were able to predict rash development. CONCLUSION The observation that multiple, largely unproven, anecdotal therapies are being prescribed to palliate EGFR inhibitor-induced rashes underscores the need for more rigorous, prospective palliative trials.
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Geoerger B, Hargrave D, Thomas F, Ndiaye A, Frappaz D, Andreiuolo F, Varlet P, Aerts I, Riccardi R, Jaspan T, Chatelut E, Le Deley MC, Paoletti X, Saint-Rose C, Leblond P, Morland B, Gentet JC, Méresse V, Vassal G. Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer pediatric phase I study of erlotinib in brainstem glioma and relapsing/refractory brain tumors. Neuro Oncol 2010; 13:109-18. [PMID: 20974795 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noq141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This multicenter phase I study aimed to establish the recommended dose (RD) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib, given as monotherapy or with radiotherapy to children with malignant brain tumors. Group 1 included patients with refractory or relapsing brain tumors receiving erlotinib alone, and group 2 included newly diagnosed patients with brainstem gliomas receiving radiotherapy and erlotinib. A conventional 3 + 3 dose escalation and a continual reassessment method, respectively, were utilized in 4 dose levels: 75, 100, 125, and 150 mg/m² per day. Fifty-one children were enrolled (30 and 21, respectively); 50 received treatment. The RD of erlotinib was 125 mg/m² per day as monotherapy or in combination with radiotherapy. Overall, 230 adverse events in 44 patients were possibly treatment related (216, grades 1 and 2; 9, grade 3; 1, grade 4; 4, grade 5). Dermatologic and neurologic symptoms were common; intratumoral hemorrhage was confirmed in 3 patients. In group 1, 8 of 29 patients (28%) had stable disease with tumor regression approaching 50% in a malignant glioma and an anaplastic oligoastrocytoma. In group 2, overall survival was 12.0 months. EGFR overexpression by immunohistochemistry was found in 17 of 38 (45%) tumor samples analyzed, with a partial gain of 7p11.2 in 1 glioblastoma; phosphate and tensin homolog loss was frequent in brainstem glioma (15 of 19). Mean (95% CI) apparent clearance and volume of distribution for erlotinib were 4.0 L/h (3.4-4.5 L/h) and 98.6 L (69.8-127.0 L), respectively, and were independent of the dose level; mean half-life was 16.6 hours. Thus, erlotinib 125 mg/m² per day has an acceptable tolerability profile in pediatric patients with brain tumors and can be combined with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Geoerger
- Department of Pediatrics, UPRES EA 3535 Pharmacology and New Treatments with Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD A concerted effort by the pharmaceutical industry over the last decade has led to the successful clinical development of protein kinase inhibitors as effective targeted therapies for certain cancers. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review details eight small molecule kinase inhibitors that have been approved for the treatment of cancer in either the US or Europe as of March 2010: imatinib, sorafenib, gefitinib, erlotinib, dasatinib, lapatinib, sunitinib and nilotinib. These eight compounds vary from the relatively specific inhibitor lapatinib to the more promiscuous kinase inhibitors dasatinib and sunitinib. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN A brief discussion on the biology of each inhibitor, selectivity over other kinases and toxicity is provided. A more detailed discussion on the metabolism, drug transporters, drug-drug interactions and possible roles of metabolism in compound toxicity is provided for each compound. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The majority of the currently approved kinase inhibitors is heavily influenced by drug transporters and significantly affected by CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers. At least three, gefitinib, erlotinib and dasatinib, are metabolized to form reactive metabolites capable of covalently-binding biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek R. Duckett
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps Florida, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Michael D. Cameron
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps Florida, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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Blank SV, Christos P, Curtin JP, Goldman N, Runowicz CD, Sparano JA, Liebes L, Chen HX, Muggia FM. Erlotinib added to carboplatin and paclitaxel as first-line treatment of ovarian cancer: a phase II study based on surgical reassessment. Gynecol Oncol 2010; 119:451-6. [PMID: 20837357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine whether adding the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib to carboplatin/paclitaxel improved pathologic complete response (pCR) at reassessment surgery in epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancers (OFPC). METHODS Patients with stage III-IV OFPC initiated treatment within 12 weeks of initial cytoreductive surgery or, after histologic confirmation of diagnosis, neoadjuvantly. Treatment included paclitaxel (175 mg/m²) and carboplatin (AUC 6) every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles, plus oral erlotinib 150 mg daily. The primary objective was to determine whether the pCR rate at reassessment surgery was at least 60% after optimal cytoreduction at initial surgery (< 1cm residual disease), or at least 40% after suboptimal cytoreduction (at least 1cm residual disease) using a two-stage design (alpha=0.10, beta=0.10). RESULTS The study population included 56 patients with stage III-IV OFPC. EGFR gene amplification was present in 15% of the 20 tumors evaluated. Twenty-eight patients had protocol therapy after optimal cytoreduction (stratum I), 23 had protocol therapy either after suboptimal cytoreduction (stratum II), and 5 received neoadjuvant therapy prior to cytoreduction (stratum III). Pathologic CR was confirmed in 8 patients (29%; 95% confidence intervals 13%, 49%) in stratum I and 3 patients (11%, 95% C.I. 2%, 28%) in stratum II, which did not meet the prespecified efficacy endpoint in either stratum. CONCLUSIONS Among unselected patients, erlotinib plus carboplatin-paclitaxel did not improve pCR rates compared with historical experience with carboplatin-paclitaxel alone in patients with stage III-IV OFPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie V Blank
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Li X, Kamenecka TM, Cameron MD. Cytochrome P450-mediated bioactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib to a reactive electrophile. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 38:1238-45. [PMID: 20382753 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib (ERL) is approved for treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Numerous reports of ERL-associated toxicities are consistent with immune-mediated toxicity, including drug-induced hepatitis, interstitial lung disease, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Although the mechanism of toxicity has not been established, we present evidence that reactive intermediates are formed during the metabolism of ERL, which can covalently conjugate to the cysteine group of the peptide-mimetic GSH. Seven ERL-GSH conjugates were identified in incubations with hepatic microsomes. Cytochrome P450 (P450)-dependent adducts are proposed to be formed via reactive epoxide and electrophilic quinone-imine intermediates. In incubations of human liver microsomes, intestinal microsomes, pulmonary microsomes, and recombinant P450s, CYP3A4 was the primary enzyme responsible for the bioactivation of ERL; however, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A5, and CYP2D6 were capable of catalyzing the bioactivation as well. During the metabolism of ERL, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 are irreversibly inactivated by ERL in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Inactivation was not dependent on oxidation of the ERL alkyne group to form a reactive oxirene or ketene, as shown by synthesizing analogs where the alkyne was replaced with a cyano group. CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP2D6 were not inactivated despite catalyzing the formation of ERL-GSH adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohai Li
- Translational Research Institute, Scripps Florida, the Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
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Gianni L, Lladó A, Bianchi G, Cortes J, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Cameron DA, Miles D, Salvagni S, Wardley A, Goeminne JC, Hersberger V, Baselga J. Open-label, phase II, multicenter, randomized study of the efficacy and safety of two dose levels of Pertuzumab, a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 dimerization inhibitor, in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:1131-7. [PMID: 20124183 PMCID: PMC4979215 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.24.1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pertuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody inhibiting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) dimerization. The aim of this phase II trial was to assess the antitumor activity and safety profile of pertuzumab monotherapy in patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. The utility of biomarkers detected in paraffin-embedded tissue as predictors of response was also explored. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was an international, multicenter, open-label, randomized phase II study. Patients (n = 79) with centrally confirmed HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive pertuzumab once every 3 weeks with a loading dose of 840 mg followed thereafter by either 420 mg (arm A) or 1,050 mg (arm B). Patients were stratified by country and prior taxane therapy. RESULTS Of 79 patients who were randomly assigned, 78 were included in the intent-to-treat population. In arm A (n = 41), two patients had partial responses, and 18 patients (44%) experienced stable disease (SD) lasting > or = 12 weeks. In arm B (n = 37), SD was observed in 14 patients (38%). Overall, six of 78 patients responded or had SD > or = 6 months. Pertuzumab was generally well tolerated, and most adverse events were mild to moderate. Decline in left ventricular ejection fraction of > or = 10% and/or to less than 50% was observed in eight patients, with one case of congestive heart failure in arm A. Pharmacokinetic data supported a fixed dose of pertuzumab once every 3 weeks. CONCLUSION The limited efficacy observed in this study, generally SD of relatively short duration, suggested little benefit of further investigation of single-agent pertuzumab in unselected patients with HER2-negative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gianni
- Oncologia Medica 1, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian, 1, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in a multiplicity of cancer-related signal transduction pathways like cellular proliferation, adhesion, migration, neoangiogenesis, and apoptosis inhibition, all of them important features of cancerogenesis and tumour progression. Its tyrosine kinase activity plays a central role in mediating these processes and has been intensely studied to exploit it as a therapeutic target. Inhibitors of this pathway have been developed and assessed in trials with significant efficacy in clinical applications. The current review focuses in particular on the clinical data of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition in different tumour entities, preferably non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic cancer with emphasis on the approved small molecule erlotinib. Its clinical applications, evidence-based efficacy, and toxicity as well as predictive markers of response are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Steins
- Clinic for Thoracic Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Amalienstrasse 5, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Jatoi A, Rowland K, Sloan JA, Gross HM, Fishkin PA, Kahanic SP, Novotny PJ, Schaefer PL, Johnson DB, Tschetter LK, Loprinzi CL. Tetracycline to prevent epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-induced skin rashes: results of a placebo-controlled trial from the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (N03CB). Cancer 2008; 113:847-53. [PMID: 18543329 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors are effective cancer therapies, but they are reported to cause a rash in >50% of patients. In the current study, the authors examined the use of tetracycline for rash prevention. METHODS This placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial enrolled patients who were starting cancer treatment with an EGFR inhibitor. Patients could not have had a rash at the time of enrollment. All patients were randomly assigned to receive either tetracycline at a dose of 500 mg orally twice a day for 28 days versus a placebo. Patients were monitored for rash (through monthly physician assessment and weekly patient-reported questionnaires), quality of life (using the SKINDEX-16, a skin-specific quality of life index), and adverse events. Monitoring occurred during the 4-week intervention and then for an additional 4 weeks. The primary objective of the current study was to compare the incidence of rash between the study arms, and the enrollment of 30 patients per arm provided a 90% probability of detecting a 40% difference in incidence with a P value of .05 (2-sided). RESULTS A total of 61 evaluable patients were enrolled. The 2 treatment arms were well balanced with regard to baseline characteristics, dropout rates, and rates of discontinuation of the EGFR inhibitor. The incidence of rash was found to be comparable across treatment arms. Physicians reported that 16 patients treated with tetracycline (70%) and 22 patients treated with placebo (76%) developed a rash (P = .61). Tetracycline appears to have lessened the rash severity, although the high dropout rates invite caution when interpreting these findings. By Week 4, physician-reported grade 2 rash (using the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 3.0]) occurred in 17% of tetracycline-treated patients (n = 4 patients) and in 55% of placebo-exposed patients (n = 16 patients) (P = .04). Patients treated with tetracycline reported better scores, as per the SKINDEX-16, on certain quality-of-life parameters such as skin burning or stinging, skin irritation, and being bothered by the persistence/recurrence of a skin condition. Adverse events were found to be comparable across treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, tetracycline was not found to prevent EGFR inhibitor-induced rashes and therefore cannot be clinically recommended for this purpose. However, preliminary observations of diminished rash severity and improved quality of life suggest this antibiotic merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminah Jatoi
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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Li X, Roginsky AB, Ding XZ, Woodward C, Collin P, Newman RA, Bell, Jr RH, Adrian TE. Review of the Apoptosis Pathways in Pancreatic Cancer and the Anti-apoptotic Effects of the Novel Sea Cucumber Compound, Frondoside A. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1138:181-98. [DOI: 10.1196/annals.1414.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Xiong X, Fu L, Wang L, Cai H, Li L, Jiang H, Duan W, Mei C. Antitumor activity of a novel EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor against human lung carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Invest New Drugs 2008; 27:1-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-008-9132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Van Cutsem E, Verslype C, Beale P, Clarke S, Bugat R, Rakhit A, Fettner S, Brennscheidt U, Feyereislova A, Delord JP. A phase Ib dose-escalation study of erlotinib, capecitabine and oxaliplatin in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2008; 19:332-9. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Liu W, Wu X, Zhang W, Montenegro RC, Fackenthal DL, Spitz JA, Huff LM, Innocenti F, Das S, Cook EH, Cox NJ, Bates SE, Ratain MJ. Relationship of EGFR mutations, expression, amplification, and polymorphisms to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in the NCI60 cell lines. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 13:6788-95. [PMID: 18006781 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The mechanism of sensitivity and resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors is incompletely understood, particularly in cancers other than non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To understand the variable response to this class of drugs, we used the NCI60 cancer cell lines. We aimed to determine if there are interactions between EGFR expression, mutations, polymorphisms, and gene amplification, and whether these factors are associated with variability in response to EGFR inhibitors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The EGFRVIII and tyrosine kinase (TK) domain mutations were examined in the NCI60 cancer cell lines. Five polymorphisms, -216G/T, -191C/A, intron 1 (CA)n, R497K, and 2607A/G, were genotyped. EGFR amplification was also assessed with high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism chip and real-time PCR, respectively. The results were correlated with cytotoxicity data for erlotinib and other 11 EGFR inhibitors, as well as other publicly available data for these lines. RESULTS All 12 inhibitors behaved similarly. No EGFRVIII but putative TK mutations in two cell lines were found. Both mutant cell lines were insensitive to all inhibitors. Meanwhile, response did not correlate with EGFR amplification but with EGFR gene expression, especially in the cell lines with relatively normal gene status. In addition, EGFR expression was associated with the -216G/T polymorphism but not with the intron 1 (CA)n polymorphism. A combination of -216G/T and R497K polymorphisms was weakly associated with drug response. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that in addition to TK mutations, germ-line variability may also contribute to the pharmacodynamics of EGFR inhibitors, particularly when EGFR is genetically normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Liu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Kardaun SH, van Duinen KF. Erlotinib-induced florid acneiform rash complicated by extensive impetiginization. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007; 33:46-9. [PMID: 17983455 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2007.02556.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Erlotinib (Tarceva) is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, a member of a new group of molecular targeted drugs that combine high efficacy against tumours with less, often self-limiting, toxicity, compared with traditional chemotherapeutics. It is used for treatment of solid-organ tumours, especially as second- or third-line therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer. Dose-related cutaneous side-effects and diarrhoea may be a significant obstacle to treatment compliance. We present two cases with long-lasting acneiform eruptions, complicated by significant impetiginization, resulting in hospitalization in one case. The other patient suffered from sleep-disturbing, itching crusts on the scalp. As the use of EGFR inhibitors is increasing, clinicians should be aware of their side-effects. Early and timely dermatological intervention may diminish adverse events for patients treated with these agents and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kardaun
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Meany HJ, Fox E, McCully C, Tucker C, Balis FM. The plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of erlotinib and its active metabolite (OSI-420) after intravenous administration of erlotinib in non-human primates. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007; 62:387-92. [PMID: 17932674 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-007-0616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Erlotinib hydrochloride is a small molecule inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR is over-expressed in primary brain tumors and solid tumors that metastasize to the central nervous system. We evaluated the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics of erlotinib and its active metabolite OSI-420 after an intravenous (IV) dose in a non-human primate model. METHODS Erlotinib was administered as a 1 h IV infusion to four adult rhesus monkeys. Serial blood and CSF samples were drawn over 48 h and erlotinib and OSI-420 were quantified with an HPLC/tandem mass spectroscopic assay. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non-compartmental and compartmental methods. CSF penetration was calculated from the AUC(CSF):AUC(plasma). RESULTS Erlotinib disappearance from plasma after a short IV infusion was biexponential with a mean terminal half-life of 5.2 h and a mean clearance of 128 ml/min per m(2). OSI-420 exposure (AUC) in plasma was 30% (range 12-59%) of erlotinib, and OSI-420 clearance was more than 5-fold higher than erlotinib. Erlotinib and OSI-420 were detectable in CSF. The CSF penetration (AUC(CSF):AUC(plasma)) of erlotinib and OSI-420 was <5% relative to total plasma concentration, but CSF drug exposure was approximately 30% of plasma free drug exposure, which was calculated from published plasma protein binding values. The IV administration of erlotinib was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Erlotinib and its active metabolite OSI-420 are measurable in CSF after an IV dose. The drug exposure (AUC) in the CSF is limited relative to total plasma concentrations but is substantial relative the free drug exposure in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J Meany
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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Aspinall-O'Dea M, Costello E. The pancreatic cancer proteome - recent advances and future promise. Proteomics Clin Appl 2007; 1:1066-79. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200700144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chan G, Pilichowska M. Complete remission in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia treated with erlotinib for non–small-cell lung cancer. Blood 2007; 110:1079-80. [PMID: 17644748 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-01-069856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Saraga G, Mafficini A, Ghaneh P, Sorio C, Costello E. Both HIV- and EIAV-based lentiviral vectors mediate gene delivery to pancreatic cancer cells and human pancreatic primary patient xenografts. Cancer Gene Ther 2007; 14:781-90. [PMID: 17571071 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7701066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Few effective treatments for pancreatic cancer exist, especially for patients with advanced disease. Gene therapy alone, or combined with current treatments, offers an alternative approach. Here we examined the potential of primate and nonprimate lentivectors to mediate gene delivery to this cancer type. VSV-G pseudotyped lentivectors based on human immunodeficiency type-1 virus (HIV-1) and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene were prepared and characterized for titer and RNA content. Vector-mediated gene delivery was examined in five pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro, and in MiaPaCa-2 cells as well as in five human primary patient biopsies xenografted subcutaneously in nude mice. While individual cell lines showed differential sensitivities to transduction with lentivectors, all cell lines were successfully transduced with both vector types. Similarly, both vectors transduced MiaPaCa-2 and all of the human primary patient xenografts. We observed 6-29% transduction with HIV-based vectors (n=3 xenografts) and 1.8-30% with EIAV-based vectors (n=4 xenografts). Long-term EIAV-mediated gene expression was recorded in cell lines for up to 6 months. We conclude that these vectors have potential as mediators of clinical gene therapy for pancreatic cancer treatment. Moreover, they are useful laboratory research tools for pancreatic cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Saraga
- Division of Surgery and Oncology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside L68 3GA, UK
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Yeh JJ, Der CJ. Targeting signal transduction in pancreatic cancer treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2007; 11:673-94. [PMID: 17465725 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.11.5.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with a 5-year survival rate of 4%. The only opportunity for improved survival continues to be complete surgical resection for those with localized disease. Although chemotherapeutic options are limited for the few patients with resectable disease, this problem is even more magnified in the majority (85%) of patients with unresectable or metastastic disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improved therapeutic options. The recent success of inhibitors of signal transduction for the treatment of other cancers supports the need to identify and validate aberrant signaling pathways important for pancreatic tumor growth. This review focuses on the validation of specific signaling networks and the present status of inhibitors of these pathways as therapeutic approaches for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen Jen Yeh
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Surgical Oncology, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Uray IP, Brown PH. Prevention of breast cancer: current state of the science and future opportunities. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 15:1583-600. [PMID: 17107283 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.15.12.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in breast cancer treatment, mammary tumours still represent the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death in women in the US, with > 211,000 new cases in 2005; however, an expanding range of options for early diagnosis and more reliable risk assessment offers new alternatives for disease control by cancer prevention. Completed large studies with the classical selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) tamoxifen have demonstrated that preventing breast cancer pharmacologically is now possible. Novel SERMs, aromatase inhibitors and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists targeting hormonal pathways are being tested in clinical trials, revealing the potential for dramatic reductions in tumour incidence with minimal side effects; however, SERMs and aromatase inhibitors are effective only against estrogen receptor-positive tumours, thus chemopreventive drugs targeting other critical signalling pathways (such as retinoids, selective COX inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors) may provide a means to prevent estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. In the future, hormonal and estrogen receptor-independent agents may be combined to prevent the development of all mammary tumours. This article reviews the current and novel strategies for breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan P Uray
- Breast Care Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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