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Chung HW, Chang H, Hong D, Yun HJ, Chung HS. Optimal ropivacaine concentration for ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block in patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy surgery. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:1139-1146. [PMID: 37635608 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_63_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Background An ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has emerged as an effective way to control postoperative pain and may be a good alternative way to an epidural block. However, relevant research on the appropriate concentration of local anesthetics for an ESPB remains scarce. Aims This study aimed to investigate the optimal concentration of ropivacaine for an ESPB in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Methods A total of 68 patients who underwent a VATS lobectomy were enrolled. An ipsilateral ultrasound-guided ESPB was performed with three different ropivacaine concentrations as a local anesthetic: 0.189% (G1), 0.375% (G2), and 0.556% (G3). The total amount of perioperative remifentanil administered, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) applied, and rescue drugs for postoperative analgesia during the 24 h after surgery were acquired, and numeric rating scale (NRS) scores were obtained. Results The total amount of intraoperative remifentanil administered was 7.20 ± 3.04 mcg/kg, 5.32 ± 2.70 mcg/kg, and 4.60 ± 1.75 in the G1, G2, and G3 groups, respectively. G2 and G3 had significantly lower amounts of remifentanil administered than the G1 group (P = 0.02 vs. G2; P = 0.003 vs. G3). The G3 group needed more inotropes than the G1 and G2 groups in the perioperative period (P = 0.045). The NRS scores, PCA, and rescue drug were not significantly different in the three groups. Conclusion The optimal concentration of ropivacaine recommended for an ESPB was 0.375%, which was effective in controlling pain and reducing the intraoperative opioid requirements with minimal adverse reactions such as hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Yun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yun HJ, Lee HY. The novel TAK1 inhibitor handelin inhibits NF-κB and AP-1 activity to alleviate elastase-induced emphysema in mice. Life Sci 2023; 319:121388. [PMID: 36640900 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Emphysema, one of the two major components of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is driven by aberrant inflammatory responses and associated with irreversible lung parenchymal destruction. As effective therapy for preventing or treating COPD/emphysema is yet unavailable, development of molecular targets and therapeutic agents for COPD/emphysema is required. MAIN METHODS AND KEY FINDINGS We identified handelin-a guaianolide dimer of sesquiterpene lactones- from a chemical library of 431 natural products as it exhibited potent inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/AP-1, and expression of proinflammatory mediators in macrophage cells. In silico docking and biochemical studies enabled the identification of the ATP-binding pocket of transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a kinase upstream of NF-κB and MAPK/AP-1 pathways, as a molecular target for handelin. Moreover, oral administration of handelin (10 mg/kg) suppressed elastase-induced development of emphysematous phenotypes, including lung function disturbance, airspace enlargement, and increases in the level of neutrophils and CD8+ T cells in lung tissues, without overt toxicity. Consistent with in vitro results, analyses of lung tissues revealed that treatment with handelin suppressed elastase-induced NF-κB and AP-1 activation in the lungs, followed by downregulation of their targets including interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that handelin, as a TAK1 inhibitor, effectively prevents development of emphysema in an elastase-induced mouse model by inhibiting a proinflammatory mediators mediated by NF-κB and AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Yun
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Min HY, Lee HJ, Suh YA, Pei H, Kwon H, Jang HJ, Yun HJ, Moon HG, Lee HY. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor in paclitaxel-resistant human breast and lung cancer cells with upregulated glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:661-674. [PMID: 35597872 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoresistance is a major obstacle to the successful treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therapeutic strategies to overcome chemoresistance are necessary to improve the prognosis of patients with these cancers. METHODS Paclitaxel-resistant TNBC and NSCLC sublines were generated through continuous paclitaxel treatment over 6 months. The mechanistic investigation was conducted using MTT assay, LC/MS-based metabolite analysis, flow cytometry, western blot analysis, real-time PCR and tumour xenograft experiments. RESULTS Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) expression along with an increase in 3-phosphoglycerates and ribulose-5-phosphate production was upregulated in paclitaxel-resistant cells. Blockade of G6PD decreased viability of paclitaxel-resistant cells in vitro and the growth of paclitaxel-resistant MDA/R xenograft tumours in vivo. Mechanistically, activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/Akt pathway mediates G6PD expression and G6PD-induced cell survival. Blockade of the EGFR pathway inhibited G6PD expression and sensitised those paclitaxel-resistant cells to paclitaxel treatment in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of publicly available datasets revealed an association between G6PD and unfavourable clinical outcomes in patients with breast or lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS EGFR signaling-mediated G6PD expression plays a pivotal role in paclitaxel resistance, highlighting the potential of targeting EGFR to overcome paclitaxel resistance in TNBC and NSCLC cells overexpressing G6PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Min
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah Suh
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Honglan Pei
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjin Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Jang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gon Moon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Chung SJ, Park YH, Yun HJ, Kwon H, Yoo HS, Sohn YH, Lee JM, Lee PH. Clinical relevance of amnestic versus non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment subtyping in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2019; 26:766-773. [PMID: 30565368 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To clarify whether subtyping of amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is clinically relevant in Parkinson's disease (PD) by analyzing patterns of neuroimaging and longitudinal cognitive changes. METHODS We performed comparative analyses of cortical thickness, hippocampal volume, white matter integrity and resting-state functional connectivity between the patients with de-novo PD with amnestic MCI (PD-aMCI) (n = 50) and non-amnestic MCI (PD-naMCI) (n = 50) subtypes. Additionally, we assessed the longitudinal rate of cognitive decline in each cognitive domain over time and the rate of dementia conversion in patients with de-novo PD-aMCI (n = 125) and PD-naMCI (n = 61). RESULTS The demographic data showed that scores in memory domains were lower in the PD-aMCI group compared with the PD-naMCI group. There were no significant differences in cortical thickness, hippocampal volume and white matter integrity between the two groups, although the PD-aMCI group exhibited more cortical thinning and hippocampal atrophy relative to the control group. The PD-aMCI group exhibited increased functional connectivity in the left posterior parietal region with the salience network relative to the PD-naMCI group. The longitudinal cognitive assessment demonstrated that patients with PD-aMCI exhibited a more rapid cognitive decline in frontal/executive function than those with PD-naMCI (P = 0.022). In addition, the PD-aMCI group had a higher risk of dementia conversion than the PD-naMCI group. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the designation of PD-MCI subtypes based on memory function would highlight the heterogeneity of functional correlates as well as the longitudinal cognitive prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Y-H Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H J Yun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - H S Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Y H Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - J-M Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - P H Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Rhee BW, Choi H, Park JH, Chae KM, Yun HJ. A Three-Dimensional CFD Model for a Performance Verification of the Liquid Poison Injection System of a CANDU-6 Reactor. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt07-a3862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wook Rhee
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 150 Dukjin-dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-353, Korea
| | - Hangbok Choi
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 150 Dukjin-dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-353, Korea
| | - Joo Hwan Park
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 150 Dukjin-dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-353, Korea
| | - Kyung Myung Chae
- Choongnam National University, 220 Kung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yun
- Choongnam National University, 220 Kung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital and Chungnam National Unversity School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - H J Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital and Chungnam National Unversity School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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7
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Kim KP, Shin KO, Park K, Yun HJ, Mann S, Lee YM, Cho Y. Vitamin C Stimulates Epidermal Ceramide Production by Regulating Its Metabolic Enzymes. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:525-30. [PMID: 26535077 PMCID: PMC4624068 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is the most abundant lipid in the epidermis and plays a critical role in maintaining epidermal barrier function. Overall ceramide content in keratinocyte increases in parallel with differentiation, which is initiated by supplementation of calcium and/or vitamin C. However, the role of metabolic enzymes responsible for ceramide generation in response to vitamin C is still unclear. Here, we investigated whether vitamin C alters epidermal ceramide content by regulating the expression and/or activity of its metabolic enzymes. When human keratinocytes were grown in 1.2 mM calcium with vitamin C (50 μg/ml) for 11 days, bulk ceramide content significantly increased in conjunction with terminal differentiation of keratinocytes as compared to vehicle controls (1.2 mM calcium alone). Synthesis of the ceramide fractions was enhanced by increased de novo ceramide synthesis pathway via serine palmitoyltransferase and ceramide synthase activations. Moreover, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) hydrolysis pathway by action of S1P phosphatase was also stimulated by vitamin C supplementation, contributing, in part, to enhanced ceramide production. However, activity of sphingomyelinase, a hydrolase enzyme that converts sphingomyelin to ceramide, remained unaltered. Taken together, we demonstrate that vitamin C stimulates ceramide production in keratinocytes by modulating ceramide metabolic-related enzymes, and as a result, could improve overall epidermal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Pyo Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Oh Shin
- College of Pharmacy and MRC, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Park
- Department of Dermatology, Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE)-VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Hye Jeong Yun
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shivtaj Mann
- Nova Southeastern College of Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33314, USA
| | - Yong Moon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and MRC, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhi Cho
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
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Choi HJ, Kim JY, Lim SC, Kim G, Yun HJ, Choi HS. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 promotes epithelial cell transformation and breast tumourigenesis via induction of PIN1 gene expression. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:5096-109. [PMID: 26267432 PMCID: PMC4687806 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is an aminopeptidase that is widely expressed in different cell types. Recent studies suggested that DPP4 plays an important role in tumour progression in several human malignancies. Here we have examined the mechanisms by which up-regulation of DPP4 expression causes epithelial transformation and mammary tumourigenesis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Expression of DPP4 and the peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1), and the cytotoxic effects of combined treatment with sitagliptin and juglone were investigated by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, real-time PCR, TUNEL and soft agar assays, using MCF7 cells. The effects of sitagliptin on tumour development in vivo were studied in the syngeneic 4T1 metastatic breast cancer model. KEY RESULTS Activity of the transcription factor E2F1 induced by EGF was enhanced by DPP4, thus increasing PIN1 expression. Furthermore, DPP4 enhanced MEK/ERK and JNK/c-Jun signalling induced by EGF, inducing AP-1 activity and epithelial cell transformation. In contrast, DPP4 silencing or DPP4 inhibition in MCF7 cells inhibited PIN1 expression via E2F1 activity induced by EGF, decreasing colony formation and inducing DNA fragmentation. In the syngeneic 4T1 metastatic breast cancer model, DPP4 overexpression increased tumour development, whereas treatment with sitagliptin and/or juglone suppressed it. Consistent with these observations, DPP4 levels were positively correlated with PIN1 expression in human breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS DPP4 promoted EGF-induced epithelial cell transformation and mammary tumourigenesis via induction of PIN1 expression, suggesting that sitagliptin targeting of DPP4 could be a treatment strategy in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - J Y Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - S-C Lim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - G Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - H J Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - H S Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Park S, Lee JM, Kim JW, Cho DY, Yun HJ, Han DH, Cheong JH, Kim BN. Associations between serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) methylation and clinical characteristics and cortical thickness in children with ADHD. Psychol Med 2015; 45:3009-3017. [PMID: 26017091 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171500094x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, highly heritable psychiatric disorder. Additionally, environmental factors such as perinatal stress and early adversities contribute to the occurrence and severity of ADHD. Recently, DNA methylation has emerged as a mechanism that potentially mediates gene-environmental interaction effects in the aetiology and phenomenology of psychiatric disorders. Here, we investigated whether serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) methylation patterns were associated with clinical characteristics and regional cortical thickness in children with ADHD. METHOD In 102 children with ADHD (age 6-15 years), the methylation status of the SLC6A4 promoter was measured. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was obtained and ADHD symptoms were evaluated. RESULTS A higher methylation status of the SLC6A4 promoter was significantly associated with worse clinical presentations (more hyperactive-impulsive symptoms and more commission errors). Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between SLC6A4 methylation levels and cortical thickness values in the right occipito-temporal regions. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the SLC6A4 methylation status may be associated with certain symptoms of ADHD, such as behavioural disinhibition, and related brain changes. Future studies that use a larger sample size and a control group are required to corroborate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Park
- Department of Psychiatry,Seoul National Hospital,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - J-M Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,Hanyang University,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - J-W Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Department of Psychiatry,Seoul National University College of Medicine,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - D-Y Cho
- Lab Genomics Clinical Research Institute,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - H J Yun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,Hanyang University,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - D H Han
- Department of Psychiatry,College of Medicine,Chung Ang University,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - J H Cheong
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience,Sahmyook University,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - B-N Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Department of Psychiatry,Seoul National University College of Medicine,Seoul,Republic of Korea
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Kim JY, Lim SC, Kim G, Yun HJ, Ahn SG, Choi HS. Interleukin-33/ST2 axis promotes epithelial cell transformation and breast tumorigenesis via upregulation of COT activity. Oncogene 2015. [PMID: 25531326 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.418.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, such as IL-1α/β and IL-18, have pleiotropic activities in innate and adaptive immune responses in host defense and diseases. Insight into their biological functions helped develop novel therapeutic approaches to treat human inflammatory diseases. IL-33 is an important member of the IL-1 family of cytokines and is a ligand of the ST2 receptor, a member of the IL-1 receptor family. However, the role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in tumor growth and metastasis of breast cancer remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that IL-33 is a critical tumor promoter during epithelial cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in the breast. IL-33 dose- and time-dependently increased Cancer Osaka Thyroid (COT) phosphorylation via ST2-COT interaction in normal epithelial and breast cancer cells. The IL-33/ST2/COT cascade induced the activation of the MEK-ERK (MEK-extracellular signal-regulated kinase), JNK-cJun (cJun N-terminal kinase-cJun) and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) signaling pathways, followed by increased AP-1 and stat3 transcriptional activity. When small interfering RNAs of ST2 and COT were introduced into cells, IL-33-induced AP-1 and stat3 activity were significantly decreased, unlike that in the control cells. The inhibition of COT activity resulted in decreased IL-33-induced epithelial cell transformation, and knockdown of IL-33, ST2 and COT in breast cancer cells attenuated tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells. Consistent with these observations, ST2 levels were positively correlated with COT expression in human breast cancer. These findings provide a novel perspective on the role of the IL-33/ST2/COT signaling pathway in supporting cancer-associated inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. Therapeutic approaches that target this pathway may, therefore, effectively inhibit carcinogenesis in the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - S-C Lim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - G Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - H J Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - S-G Ahn
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - H S Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
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11
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Kim JY, Lim SC, Kim G, Yun HJ, Ahn SG, Choi HS. Interleukin-33/ST2 axis promotes epithelial cell transformation and breast tumorigenesis via upregulation of COT activity. Oncogene 2015; 34:4928-38. [PMID: 25531326 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, such as IL-1α/β and IL-18, have pleiotropic activities in innate and adaptive immune responses in host defense and diseases. Insight into their biological functions helped develop novel therapeutic approaches to treat human inflammatory diseases. IL-33 is an important member of the IL-1 family of cytokines and is a ligand of the ST2 receptor, a member of the IL-1 receptor family. However, the role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in tumor growth and metastasis of breast cancer remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that IL-33 is a critical tumor promoter during epithelial cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in the breast. IL-33 dose- and time-dependently increased Cancer Osaka Thyroid (COT) phosphorylation via ST2-COT interaction in normal epithelial and breast cancer cells. The IL-33/ST2/COT cascade induced the activation of the MEK-ERK (MEK-extracellular signal-regulated kinase), JNK-cJun (cJun N-terminal kinase-cJun) and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) signaling pathways, followed by increased AP-1 and stat3 transcriptional activity. When small interfering RNAs of ST2 and COT were introduced into cells, IL-33-induced AP-1 and stat3 activity were significantly decreased, unlike that in the control cells. The inhibition of COT activity resulted in decreased IL-33-induced epithelial cell transformation, and knockdown of IL-33, ST2 and COT in breast cancer cells attenuated tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells. Consistent with these observations, ST2 levels were positively correlated with COT expression in human breast cancer. These findings provide a novel perspective on the role of the IL-33/ST2/COT signaling pathway in supporting cancer-associated inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. Therapeutic approaches that target this pathway may, therefore, effectively inhibit carcinogenesis in the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - S-C Lim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - G Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - H J Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - S-G Ahn
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - H S Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
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12
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Choi HJ, Kim JY, Lim SC, Kim G, Yun HJ, Choi HS. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 promotes epithelial cell transformation and breast tumourigenesis via induction of PIN1 gene expression. Br J Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26267432 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13274.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is an aminopeptidase that is widely expressed in different cell types. Recent studies suggested that DPP4 plays an important role in tumour progression in several human malignancies. Here we have examined the mechanisms by which up-regulation of DPP4 expression causes epithelial transformation and mammary tumourigenesis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Expression of DPP4 and the peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1), and the cytotoxic effects of combined treatment with sitagliptin and juglone were investigated by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, real-time PCR, TUNEL and soft agar assays, using MCF7 cells. The effects of sitagliptin on tumour development in vivo were studied in the syngeneic 4T1 metastatic breast cancer model. KEY RESULTS Activity of the transcription factor E2F1 induced by EGF was enhanced by DPP4, thus increasing PIN1 expression. Furthermore, DPP4 enhanced MEK/ERK and JNK/c-Jun signalling induced by EGF, inducing AP-1 activity and epithelial cell transformation. In contrast, DPP4 silencing or DPP4 inhibition in MCF7 cells inhibited PIN1 expression via E2F1 activity induced by EGF, decreasing colony formation and inducing DNA fragmentation. In the syngeneic 4T1 metastatic breast cancer model, DPP4 overexpression increased tumour development, whereas treatment with sitagliptin and/or juglone suppressed it. Consistent with these observations, DPP4 levels were positively correlated with PIN1 expression in human breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS DPP4 promoted EGF-induced epithelial cell transformation and mammary tumourigenesis via induction of PIN1 expression, suggesting that sitagliptin targeting of DPP4 could be a treatment strategy in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - J Y Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - S-C Lim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - G Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - H J Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - H S Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Min HY, Yun HJ, Lee JS, Lee HJ, Cho J, Jang HJ, Park SH, Liu D, Oh SH, Lee JJ, Wistuba II, Lee HY. Targeting the insulin-like growth factor receptor and Src signaling network for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:113. [PMID: 26041671 PMCID: PMC4453276 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutic interventions in the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) pathway were expected to provide clinical benefits; however, IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown limited antitumor efficacy, and the mechanisms conveying resistance to these agents remain elusive. Methods The expression and activation of the IGF-1R and Src were assessed via the analysis of a publicly available dataset, as well as immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, RT-PCR, and in vitro kinase assays. The efficacy of IGF-1R TKIs alone or in combination with Src inhibitors was analyzed using MTT assays, colony formation assays, flow cytometric analysis, and xenograft tumor models. Results The co-activation of IGF-1R and Src was observed in multiple human NSCLC cell lines as well as in a tissue microarray (n = 353). The IGF-1R and Src proteins mutually phosphorylate on their autophosphorylation sites. In high-pSrc-expressing NSCLC cells, linsitinib treatment initially inactivated the IGF-1R pathway but led a Src-dependent reactivation of downstream effectors. In low-pSrc-expressing NSCLC cells, linsitinib treatment decreased the turnover of the IGF-1R and Src proteins, ultimately amplifying the reciprocal co-activation of IGF-1R and Src. Co-targeting IGF-1R and Src significantly suppressed the proliferation and tumor growth of both high-pSrc-expressing and low-pSrc-expressing NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo and the growth of patient-derived tissues in vivo. Conclusions Reciprocal activation between Src and IGF-1R occurs in NSCLC. Src causes IGF-1R TKI resistance by acting as a key downstream modulator of the cross-talk between multiple membrane receptors. Targeting Src is a clinically applicable strategy to overcome resistance to IGF-1R TKIs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0392-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Min
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Jeong Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Sun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyungnam, 621-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaebeom Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Ji Jang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shin-Hyung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Diane Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Cener, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Seung-Hyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea.
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Cener, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Cener, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Cener, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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Park S, Lee JM, Kim JW, Cheong JH, Yun HJ, Hong YC, Kim Y, Han DH, Yoo HJ, Shin MS, Cho SC, Kim BN. Association between phthalates and externalizing behaviors and cortical thickness in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychol Med 2015; 45:1601-1612. [PMID: 25388623 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714002694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have implicated the relationship between environmental phthalate exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms of childhood, but no studies have been conducted in children who have a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD obtained through meticulous diagnostic testing. We aimed to determine whether phthalate metabolites in urine would be higher in children with ADHD than in those without ADHD and would correlate with symptom severity and cortical thickness in ADHD children. METHOD A cross-sectional examination of urine phthalate metabolite concentrations was performed; scores for ADHD symptoms, externalizing problems, and continuous performance tests were obtained from 180 children with ADHD, and brain-imaging data were obtained from 115 participants. For the control group, children without ADHD (N = 438) were recruited. Correlations between phthalate metabolite concentrations and clinical measures and brain cortical thickness were investigated. RESULTS Concentrations of phthalate metabolites, particularly the di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolite, were significantly higher in boys with ADHD than in boys without ADHD. Concentrations of the di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) metabolite were significantly higher in the combined or hyperactive-impulsive subtypes compared to the inattentive subtype, and the metabolite was positively correlated with the severity of externalizing symptoms. Concentrations of the DEHP metabolite were negatively correlated with cortical thickness in the right middle and superior temporal gyri. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest an association between phthalate concentrations and both the diagnosis and symptom severity of ADHD. Imaging findings suggest a negative impact of phthalates on regional cortical maturation in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Park
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Seoul National Hospital,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - J-M Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,Hanyang University,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - J-W Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Department of Psychiatry,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - J H Cheong
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience,Sahmyook University,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - H J Yun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,Hanyang University,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - Y-C Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine,Seoul National University College of MedicineandInstitute of Environmental Medicine,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Seoul National Hospital,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - D H Han
- Department of Psychiatry,Chung Ang University,College of Medicine,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - H J Yoo
- College of Medicine and Behavioral Medicine Institute,Seoul National University,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - M-S Shin
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Department of Psychiatry,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - S-C Cho
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Department of Psychiatry,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - B-N Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Department of Psychiatry,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,Republic of Korea
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Min HY, Yun HJ, Lee HJ, Cho J, Jang HJ, Kim KM, Kim WY, Oh SH, Liu D, Lee JJ, Hong WK, Wistuba II, Lee HY. Abstract 1716: Targeting the insulin-like growth factor receptor/Insulin receptor and Src signaling network for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-1R)-mediated signaling plays an important role in the proliferation, survival, and metastasis of cancer cells. The IGF-1R-targeting anticancer agents including monoclonal antibodies and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed, but their antitumor effects have been marginal and limited in clinical trials. Therefore, the mechanism underlying resistance to the IGF-1R-targeting therapies and the rational combination strategies to overcome potential drug resistance need to be investigated. In this study, we demonstrated the association of Src with the resistance to the IGF-1R TKI in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We found the co-activation of IGF-1R/IR and Src in various human NSCLC cell lines, The mRNA expression and phosphorylation of IGF-1R and Src were also significantly correlated with each other in NSCLC databases from a public dataset and a tissue microarray (n=353). Next, we found Src can be activated through multiple pathways including EGFR and integrin β3 signaling and function as an alternative kinase for phosphorylation of IGF-1R, especially at Tyr1135/36, but not Tyr1131. Src is activated in lung cancer cells possessing both primary and acquired resistance to an IGF-1R TKI. Consistent with the results, inhibition of Src significantly attenuated activation of IGF-1R/IR and co-targeting of IGF-1R and Src effectively suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that Src causes resistance to IGF-1R TKIs by functioning as a key downstream modulator of multiple signaling pathways for IGF-1R phosphorylation and thus co-targeting IGF-1R and Src could be an effective therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
Citation Format: Hye-Young Min, Hye Jeong Yun, Hyo-Jong Lee, Jaebeom Cho, Hyun-Ji Jang, Kyung Min Kim, Woo-Young Kim, Seung-Hyun Oh, Diane Liu, J. Jack Lee, Waun Ki Hong, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Ho-Young Lee. Targeting the insulin-like growth factor receptor/Insulin receptor and Src signaling network for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1716. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1716
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Min
- 1Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yun
- 1Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jaebeom Cho
- 1Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Jang
- 1Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- 1Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Young Kim
- 3Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Diane Liu
- 5UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Ho-Young Lee
- 1Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lim SM, Chang H, Yoon MJ, Hong YK, Kim H, Chung WY, Park CS, Nam KH, Kang SW, Kim MK, Kim SB, Lee SH, Kim HG, Na II, Kim YS, Choi MY, Kim JG, Park KU, Yun HJ, Kim JH, Cho BC. A multicenter, phase II trial of everolimus in locally advanced or metastatic thyroid cancer of all histologic subtypes. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:3089-94. [PMID: 24050953 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S M Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
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17
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Suh YA, Kim JH, Sung MA, Boo HJ, Yun HJ, Lee SH, Lee HJ, Min HY, Suh YG, Kim KW, Lee HY. Corrigendum to ‘A novel antitumor activity of deguelin targeting the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor pathway via up-regulation of IGF-binding protein-3 expression in breast cancer’ [Cancer Lett. 332/1 (2013) 102–109]. Cancer Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Yang SD, Jeong KS, Yun HJ, Kim YM, Lee SY, Oh JS, Lee HD, Lee GW. Analysis of flicker noise for improved data retention characteristics in silicon-oxide-high-k-oxide-silicon flash memory using N2 implantation. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2013; 13:3331-3334. [PMID: 23858853 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2013.7294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we fabricate planar-type Silicon-Oxide-High-k-Oxide-Silicon (SOHOS) and the planar-type SOHOS devices with N2 implantation of 3 x 10(15) dose in a tunneling oxide to determine the impact of N2 implantation in the tunneling oxide of a memory device. The N2 implantation device has better retention characteristics than the device with no implantation. In order establish the correlation between N2 implantation and retention characteristic improvement, the low frequency noise (1/f noise) characteristic is investigated. The normalized drain current noise (S(ID)/I(D)2) level of the N2 implantation device is higher than that of the device with no implantation, which means that N2 implantation causes more trap formation near the interface. Considering that N2 implantation does not affect the DC transfer characteristics, such as mobility and sub-threshold slope, this finding indicates that the increase in the 1/f noise level is due to oxide traps rather than to interface traps. Therefore, the retention characteristic improvement in the N2 implantation device can be explained by the generation of higher number of oxide traps and an increase in the potential barrier blocking the leakage path in the tunneling oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Yang
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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19
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Yang JJ, Yoon U, Yun HJ, Im K, Choi YY, Lee KH, Park H, Hough MG, Lee JM. Prediction for human intelligence using morphometric characteristics of cortical surface: partial least square analysis. Neuroscience 2013; 246:351-61. [PMID: 23643979 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of imaging studies have reported neuroanatomical correlates of human intelligence with various morphological characteristics of the cerebral cortex. However, it is not yet clear whether these morphological properties of the cerebral cortex account for human intelligence. We assumed that the complex structure of the cerebral cortex could be explained effectively considering cortical thickness, surface area, sulcal depth and absolute mean curvature together. In 78 young healthy adults (age range: 17-27, male/female: 39/39), we used the full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) and the cortical measurements calculated in native space from each subject to determine how much combining various cortical measures explained human intelligence. Since each cortical measure is thought to be not independent but highly inter-related, we applied partial least square (PLS) regression, which is one of the most promising multivariate analysis approaches, to overcome multicollinearity among cortical measures. Our results showed that 30% of FSIQ was explained by the first latent variable extracted from PLS regression analysis. Although it is difficult to relate the first derived latent variable with specific anatomy, we found that cortical thickness measures had a substantial impact on the PLS model supporting the most significant factor accounting for FSIQ. Our results presented here strongly suggest that the new predictor combining different morphometric properties of complex cortical structure is well suited for predicting human intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-J Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim JS, Min HY, Yun HJ, Jang HJ, Kim ES, Liu D, Lee JJ, Behrens C, Lippman SM, Hong WK, Wistuba II, Lee HY. Abstract 5638: Preclinical evidence supporting cotargeting insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and Src in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-5638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The antitumor efficacy of IGF-1R targeting agents (TKIs or antibodies) has been evaluated in recent clinical trials, but the effect has been found to be marginal and limited. Since it has been suggested that IGF-1R and Src signaling pathways cooperate with each other in the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, we investigated the role of Src in the resistance to the IGF-1R TKI and further suggested the rationale of co-targeting of IGF-1R and Src in the treatment of NSCLC. We examined Src-mediated regulation of IGF-1R activation and assessed the effect of the combined treatment with an IGF-1R TKI and a Src inhibitor on the proliferation, survival, and signaling changes in human NSCLC cells and NSCLC xenografts in nude mice. In addition, expressions of the IGF-1R signaling axis were evaluated in tissue microarrays of NSCLC from two independent databases (N=352, and 353, respectively) and correlated with clinicopathologic characteristics and patient survival. We found co-activation of IGF-1R and Src in various NSCLC cells and modulation of IGF-1R signaling by overexpression or knockdown of Src. Combined blockade of IGF-1R and Src resulted in the suppression of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of signaling responsible for cell survival and proliferation, and tumor growth in vivo. In human tissue samples, p-IGF-1R/IR, IGF-1R, and pSrc expressions were significantly associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in both TMAs. pIGF-1R/IR and pSrc had strong positive correlation with each other (P<.0001 and P<.0001, respectively). The expression of pSrc serves as a predictor of poor survival in these patients by multivariate analysis in patients with adenocarcinoma. Our data suggest that Src may play an important role in the resistance of a small molecule inhibitor targeting IGF-1R, and IGF-1R and Src are activated in NSCLC patients and thus should be investigated as therapeutic targets in NSCLC patients. Further studies would be necessary to examine the efficacy of combined treatment targeting IGF-1R and Src in NSCLC patients.
Citation Format: Jin-Soo Kim, Hye-Young Min, Hye Jeong Yun, Hyun-Ji Jang, Edward S. Kim, Diane Liu, J. Jack Lee, Carmen Behrens, Scott M. Lippman, Waun Ki Hong, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Ho-Young Lee. Preclinical evidence supporting cotargeting insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and Src in non-small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5638. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5638
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hye-Young Min
- 2Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yun
- 2Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Jang
- 2Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Diane Liu
- 1UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ho-Young Lee
- 2Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Suh YA, Kim JH, Sung MA, Boo HJ, Yun HJ, Lee SH, Lee HJ, Min HY, Suh YG, Kim KW, Lee HY. A novel antitumor activity of deguelin targeting the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor pathway via up-regulation of IGF-binding protein-3 expression in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2013; 332:102-9. [PMID: 23348700 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the antitumor effects of deguelin in several human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Deguelin inhibited cell viability and the anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent colony formation of triple-negative (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) and triple-positive (MCF-7) breast cancer cells, and it significantly reduced the growth of MCF-7 cell xenograft tumors. The induction of apoptosis, inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling activation, and up-regulation of IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) expression may be associated with deguelin-mediated antitumor effects. Our findings suggest a potential therapeutic use for deguelin in patients with triple-negative breast cancer and for those with breast cancers who are sensitive to endocrine- and HER2-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ah Suh
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
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Khanal P, Yun HJ, Lim SC, Ahn SG, Yoon HE, Kang KW, Hong R, Choi HS. Proyl isomerase Pin1 facilitates ubiquitin-mediated degradation of cyclin-dependent kinase 10 to induce tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2012; 31:3845-56. [PMID: 22158035 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine therapies that inhibit estrogen receptor (ER)-α signaling are the most common and effective treatment for ER-α-positive breast cancer. However, the use of these agents is limited by the frequent development of resistance. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which downregulation of CDK10 expression confers resistance to tamoxifen in breast cancer. Here, we show that peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 downregulates CDK10 protein as a result of its interaction with and ubiquitination of CDK10, thereby affecting CDK10-dependent Raf-1 phosphorylation (S338). Pin1(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) show higher CDK10 expression than Pin1(+/+) MEFs, whereas CDK10 protein was downregulated in the rescued Pin1(-/-) MEFs after reexpression of Pin1. Pin1 silencing in SKBR-3 and MCF7 cells increased the CDK10 expression. In human tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer and tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 cells, immunohistochemical staining and immunoblotting analysis shows an inverse correlation between the expression of CDK10 and the degree of tamoxifen resistance. There was also a positive correlation between the high level of P-Raf-1 (Ser338) and Pin1 in human tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer and tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 (TAMR-MCF7) cells. Importantly, 4-OH tamoxifen (4-OHT), when used in combination with overexpressed CDK10 or Raf-1 inhibitor, increased cleaved PARP and DNA fragmentation to inhibit cologenic growth of MCF7 cells and Tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 cells, respectively. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that the Pin1-mediated CDK10 ubiquitination is a major regulator of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Khanal
- BK21 Project Team, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Kim YM, Jeong KS, Yun HJ, Yang SD, Lee SY, Kim MJ, Kwon OS, Jeong CW, Kim JY, Kim SC, Lee GW. Electrical characteristic analysis using low-frequency noise in low-temperature polysilicon thin film transistors. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:5532-5536. [PMID: 22966605 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.6336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study carried out an electrical characteristic analysis using low-frequency noise (LFN) in top gate p-type low-temperature polysilicon thin film transistors (LTPS TFTs) with different active layer thicknesses between 40 nm and 80 nm. The transfer characteristic curves show that the 40-nm device has better electrical characteristics compared with the 80-nm device. The carrier number fluctuation, with and without correlated mobility fluctuation model in both devices, has modeled well the measured noise. On the other hand, the trap density and coulomb scattering in the 40-nm device are smaller compared with the 80-nm device. To confirm the effectiveness of the LFN noise analysis, the trap densities at a grain boundary are extracted using in both devices the similar methods of Proano et al. and Levinson et al. That is, coulomb scattering, caused by the trapped charges at or near the interface, has a greater effect on the device with inferior electrical properties. Based on the LFN and the quantitative analysis of the trap density at a grain boundary, the interface traps between the active layer and the gate insulator can explain the devices' electrical degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Kim
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
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Stupp R, Tosoni A, Bromberg JEC, Hau P, Campone M, Gijtenbeek J, Frenay M, Breimer L, Wiesinger H, Allgeier A, van den Bent MJ, Bogdahn U, van der Graaf W, Yun HJ, Gorlia T, Lacombe D, Brandes AA. Sagopilone (ZK-EPO, ZK 219477) for recurrent glioblastoma. A phase II multicenter trial by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Brain Tumor Group. Ann Oncol 2011; 22:2144-2149. [PMID: 21321091 PMCID: PMC3164435 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sagopilone (ZK 219477), a lipophylic and synthetic analog of epothilone B, that crosses the blood–brain barrier has demonstrated preclinical activity in glioma models. Patients and methods: Patients with first recurrence/progression of glioblastoma were eligible for this early phase II and pharmacokinetic study exploring single-agent sagopilone (16 mg/m2 over 3 h every 21 days). Primary end point was a composite of either tumor response or being alive and progression free at 6 months. Overall survival, toxicity and safety and pharmacokinetics were secondary end points. Results: Thirty-eight (evaluable 37) patients were included. Treatment was well tolerated, and neuropathy occurred in 46% patients [mild (grade 1) : 32%]. No objective responses were seen. The progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 6 months was 6.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–18.7], the median PFS was just over 6 weeks, and the median overall survival was 7.6 months (95% CI 5.3–12.3), with a 1-year survival rate of 31.6% (95% CI 17.7–46.4). Maximum plasma concentrations were reached at the end of the 3-h infusion, with rapid declines within 30 min after termination. Conclusions: No evidence of relevant clinical antitumor activity against recurrent glioblastoma could be detected. Sagopilone was well tolerated, and moderate-to-severe peripheral neuropathy was observed in despite prolonged administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stupp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - A Tosoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - J E C Bromberg
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center/Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Hau
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg Medical School, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Campone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer Nantes Atlantique, CLCC René Gauducheau, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, St Herblain, France
| | - J Gijtenbeek
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Frenay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - M J van den Bent
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center/Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - U Bogdahn
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg Medical School, Regensburg, Germany
| | - W van der Graaf
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H J Yun
- EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Gorlia
- EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Lacombe
- EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A A Brandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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25
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Kim Y, Yun HJ, Lee JA, Park HM, Kim SY, Cho Y. Royal jelly enhances migration of human dermal fibroblasts with decreased levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in in vitro wound healing model. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.922.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngae Kim
- Graduate School of East‐West Medical ScienceKyung Hee UniversityGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - HJ Yun
- Graduate School of East‐West Medical ScienceKyung Hee UniversityGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - JA Lee
- Graduate School of East‐West Medical ScienceKyung Hee UniversityGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - HM Park
- Graduate School of East‐West Medical ScienceKyung Hee UniversityGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - SY Kim
- Graduate School of East‐West Medical ScienceKyung Hee UniversityGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Y Cho
- Graduate School of East‐West Medical ScienceKyung Hee UniversityGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
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26
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Park HY, Oh AY, Yun HJ. Transient Submandibular Gland Swelling Developed after General Anesthesia - A case report -. Korean J Anesthesiol 2007. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2007.53.4.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yeon Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ah Young Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Abstract
To investigate whether the arylsulfate sulfotransferase (ASST) is suitable as a reporter system for monitoring gene expression, a reporter vector carrying the fragments of the astA coding region without the promoter region was constructed and designated as pSY815. As a test of the ASST reporter system's suitability, the regulatory regions of ermC and lacZ were inserted upstream of the coding region of the reporter gene to generate pSY815-EC and pSY815-LZ, respectively. In the absence of the inserted regulatory regions, the plasmids displayed very low background activities in Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The ASST activity under the control of the ermC regulatory region was increased 4.4-fold in B. subtilis when induced by 0.1 microgml(-1) of erythromycin. These results were consistent with a lacZ reporter gene assay of the ermC regulatory region. Furthermore, we confirmed that the lacZ promoter in E. coli was strongly induced to a 17.9-fold increase by 0.05 mM of isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) in this reporter system. These results indicate that the ASST is a suitable reporter system. The lack of endogenous activity, the simple detection of enzyme activity in the living cell, the commercially available non-toxic substrates, and the high sensitivity make ASST a useful genetic reporter system for monitoring gene expression and understanding gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
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28
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Kulikowski CA, Muchnik I, Yun HJ, Dayanik AA, Zhang D, Song Y, Montelione GT. Protein structural domain parsing by consensus reasoning over multiple knowledge sources and methods. Stud Health Technol Inform 2002; 84:965-9. [PMID: 11604875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Domain parsing, or the detection of signals of protein structural domains from sequence data, is a complex and difficult problem. If carried out reliably it would be a powerful interpretive and predictive tool for genomic and proteomic studies. We report on a novel approach to domain parsing using consensus techniques based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and BLAST searches built from a training set of 1471 continuous structural domains from the Dali Domain Dictionary (DDD). Validation on an independent test sample of family-matched structural domain sequences from the Scop database yields a consensus prediction performance rate of 75.5%, well above the 58% obtained by simple agreement of methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Kulikowski
- Computer Science Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08903, USA.
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29
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Kang JW, Jeong YJ, Kwon AR, Yun HJ, Kim DH, Choi EC. Cloning, sequence analysis, and characterization of the astA gene encoding an arylsulfate sulfotransferase from Citrobacter freundii. Arch Pharm Res 2001; 24:316-22. [PMID: 11534764 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arylsulfate sulfotransferase (ASST) transfers a sulfate group from a phenolic sulfate ester to a phenolic acceptor substrate. In the present study, the gene encoding ASST was cloned from a genomic library copy of Citrobacter freundii, subcloned into the vector pGEM3Zf(-) and sequenced. Sequencing revealed two contiguous open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) on the same strand and based on amino acid sequence homology, they were designated as astA and dsbA, respectively. The amino acid sequence of astA deduced from C. freundii was highly similar to that of the Salmonella typhimurium, Enterobacter amnigenus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas putida, and Campylobacter jejuni, encoded by the astA genes. However, the ASST activity assay revealed different acceptor specificities. Using p-nitrophenyl sulfate (PNS) as a donor substrate, alpha-naphthol was found to be the best acceptor substrate, followed by phenol, resorcinol, p-acetaminophen, tyramine and tyrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Korea
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30
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Kwon AR, Yun HJ, Choi EC. Kinetic mechanism and identification of the active site tyrosine residue in Enterobacter amnigenus arylsulfate sulfotransferase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 285:526-9. [PMID: 11444874 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial arylsulfate sulfotransferase (ASST) catalyzes the transfer of a sulfate group from a phenyl sulfate ester to a phenolic acceptor. The kinetic mechanism of Enterobacter amnigenus ASST was determined. Plots of 1/v versus 1/[substrate (A)] at different fixed substrate (B) concentrations gave a series of parallel lines. One of the reaction products, p-nitrophenol, inhibited the enzyme noncompetitively with respect to p-nitrophenyl sulfate, but competitively to alpha-naphthol. These results correspond to a ping pong bi bi mechanism. By site-directed mutagenesis, we substituted each conserved tyrosine residue with phenylalanine. Among the mutants, Y123F showed severely reduced catalytic activity. We conclude that Tyr 123 is an essential active site residue. A mechanistic hypothesis is presented to account for these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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31
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Ha HK, Jee KR, Yu E, Yu CS, Rha SE, Lee IJ, Yun HJ, Kim JC, Park KC, Auh YH. CT features of metastatic linitis plastica to the rectum in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000; 174:463-6. [PMID: 10658725 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.174.2.1740463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the CT features of 22 patients with metastatic linitis plastica to the rectum. CONCLUSION Metastatic linitis plastica to the rectum should be considered when CT shows a long segment of circumferential rectal wall thickening, especially in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer. In such patients, CT helps avoid unnecessary extensive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Ha
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Lee CH, Yun HJ, Kang HS, Kim HD. ERK/MAPK pathway is required for changes of cyclin D1 and B1 during phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced differentiation of K562 cells. IUBMB Life 1999; 48:585-91. [PMID: 10683762 DOI: 10.1080/713803574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced differentiation of human erythroleukemic K562 cells is characterized by growth arrest, morphological change, and expression of megakaryocyte-specific proteins. We examined the possible involvement of cell cycle regulators with PMA-induced growth arrest and megakaryocytic differentiation of K562 cells. The concentrations of cyclin D1 and p21Waf1/Cip1 were dramatically increased, whereas those of cyclin B1 and cdc2 were decreased, by PMA treatment. The concentrations of most cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk2, Cdk4, and Cdk6), however, were unchanged by PMA treatment. PD98059, a specific inhibitor of MEK1, partially prevented the increase in cyclin D1 caused by PMA and fully reversed the down-regulation of cyclin B1 protein seen in response to PMA treatment. Thus, it is demonstrated here that the PMA-mediated changes of cyclin D1 and B1 are the result of a persistent increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Korea
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33
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Mohan DS, Samuels MA, Selim MA, Shalodi AD, Ellis RJ, Samuels JR, Yun HJ. Long-term outcomes of therapeutic pelvic lymphadenectomy for stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 1998; 70:165-71. [PMID: 9740684 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1998.5098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The treatment of patients with stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma is often shorter and less expensive if total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO), and therapeutic lymphadenectomy are used rather than TAH, BSO, pelvic lymph node sampling, and pelvic external beam radiation. We studied whether the survival and morbidity of patients treated with therapeutic lymphadenectomy are equal to or better than with these alternative treatments. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of patients with stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma who were enrolled in the MetroHealth Medical Center tumor registry between 1970 and 1993 after undergoing full pelvic lymph node dissection, in addition to total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and vaginal brachytherapy. The mean number of resected nodes was 33 (median, 31; interquartile range, 19). Patients were followed for 1. 6-20 years (median, 8 years; interquartile range, 5.8 years). Morbidity and survival rates were compared to published series using similar treatment strategies and to those from studies using pelvic external beam radiation and pelvic lymph node sampling rather than lymphadenectomy. RESULTS Of 192 patients with pathologic stage I (FIGO 1988) endometrial adenocarcinoma, 178 patients had full pelvic lymph node dissection; 159 patients were evaluable. The 15-year overall survival was 98%; 10- and 15- year disease-free survivals were 96 and 94%, respectively. Overall morbidity was 18% (29/159), and moderate-to-severe morbidity was 13% (21/159). Recurrences were seen in 4.4% (7/159) of patients. Grade and myometrial invasion were not significant predictors of disease-free survival after full pelvic lymph node dissection (grade, P = 0.42; stage, P = 0.67). The results compare favorably with those of similar studies and with studies of pelvic external beam radiation. CONCLUSIONS Primary surgical management with total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, therapeutic pelvic lymphadenectomy, and vaginal brachytherapy is a viable and possibly preferable option for patients with stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Mohan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals of Cleveland/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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