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Ali IH, Hassan RM, El Kerdawy AM, Abo-Elfadl MT, Abdallah HMI, Sciandra F, Ghannam IAY. Novel thiazolidin-4-one benzenesulfonamide hybrids as PPARγ agonists: Design, synthesis and in vivo anti-diabetic evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116279. [PMID: 38460271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, two series of novel thiazolidin-4-one benzenesulfonamide arylidene hybrids 9a-l and 10a-f were designed, synthesized and tested in vitro for their PPARɣ agonistic activity. The phenethyl thiazolidin-4-one sulphonamide 9l showed the highest PPARɣ activation % by 41.7%. Whereas, the 3-methoxy- and 4-methyl-4-benzyloxy thiazolidin-4-one sulphonamides 9i, and 9k revealed moderate PPARɣ activation % of 31.7, and 32.8%, respectively, in addition, the 3-methoxy-3-benzyloxy thiazolidin-4-one sulphonamide 10d showed PPARɣ activation % of 33.7% compared to pioglitazone. Compounds 9b, 9i, 9k, 9l, and 10d revealed higher selectivity to PPARɣ over the PPARδ, and PPARα isoforms. An immunohistochemical study was performed in HepG-2 cells to confirm the PPARɣ protein expression for the most active compounds. Compounds 9i, 9k, and 10d showed higher PPARɣ expression than that of pioglitazone. Pharmacological studies were also performed to determine the anti-diabetic activity in rats at a dose of 36 mg/kg, and it was revealed that compounds 9i and 10d improved insulin secretion as well as anti-diabetic effects. The 3-methoxy-4-benzyloxy thiazolidin-4-one sulphonamide 9i showed a better anti-diabetic activity than pioglitazone. Moreover, it showed a rise in blood insulin by 4-folds and C-peptide levels by 48.8%, as well as improved insulin sensitivity. Moreover, compound 9i improved diabetic complications as evidenced by decreasing liver serum enzymes, restoration of total protein and kidney functions. Besides, it combated oxidative stress status and exerted anti-hyperlipidemic effect. Compound 9i showed a superior activity by normalizing some parameters and amelioration of pancreatic, hepatic, and renal histopathological alterations caused by STZ-induction of diabetes. Molecular docking studies, molecular dynamic simulations, and protein ligand interaction analysis were also performed for the newly synthesized compounds to investigate their predicted binding pattern and energies in PPARɣ binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam H Ali
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Hassan
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud T Abo-Elfadl
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M I Abdallah
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Francesca Sciandra
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"- SCITEC (CNR) Sede di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Iman A Y Ghannam
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
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Liu R, Ma Y, Hu X, Liao Y, Hu X, He B, Sun W. Pioglitazone/metformin adduct regulates insulin secretion and inhibits high glucose‐induced apoptosis via p21‐p53‐MDM2 signaling in INS‐1 cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5449-5459. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong‐Xing Liu
- Department of PharmacologySchool of PharmacyChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of ChongqingChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of PharmacologySchool of PharmacyChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of ChongqingChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xue‐Lian Hu
- Department of PharmacochemistrySchool of PharmacyChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
- Department of PharmacologyXinqiao HospitalChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yun‐Peng Liao
- Department of PharmacologySchool of PharmacyChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of ChongqingChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiang‐Nan Hu
- Department of PharmacochemistrySchool of PharmacyChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Bai‐Cheng He
- Department of PharmacologySchool of PharmacyChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of ChongqingChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wen‐Juan Sun
- Department of PharmacologySchool of PharmacyChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of ChongqingChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
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3
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Rajapaksha H, Bhatia H, Wegener K, Petrovsky N, Bruning JB. X-ray crystal structure of rivoglitazone bound to PPARγ and PPAR subtype selectivity of TZDs. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1981-1991. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Mazumder M, Ponnan P, Das U, Gourinath S, Khan HA, Yang J, Sakharkar MK. Investigations on Binding Pattern of Kinase Inhibitors with PPAR γ: Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamic Simulations, and Free Energy Calculation Studies. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:6397836. [PMID: 28321247 PMCID: PMC5340984 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6397836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a potential target for the treatment of several disorders. In view of several FDA approved kinase inhibitors, in the current study, we have investigated the interaction of selected kinase inhibitors with PPARγ using computational modeling, docking, and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS). The docked conformations and MDS studies suggest that the selected KIs interact with PPARγ in the ligand binding domain (LBD) with high positive predictive values. Hence, we have for the first time shown the plausible binding of KIs in the PPARγ ligand binding site. The results obtained from these in silico investigations warrant further evaluation of kinase inhibitors as PPARγ ligands in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Mazumder
- 1Structural Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Prija Ponnan
- 2Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Umashankar Das
- 2Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Samudrala Gourinath
- 1Structural Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Haseeb Ahmad Khan
- 3Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian Yang
- 2Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- 2Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
- *Meena Kishore Sakharkar:
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Khavandi M, Duarte F, Ginsberg HN, Reyes-Soffer G. Treatment of Dyslipidemias to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Cardiol Rep 2017; 19:7. [PMID: 28132397 PMCID: PMC5503120 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-017-0818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Current preventive and treatment guidelines for type 2 diabetes have failed to decrease the incidence of comorbidities, such as dyslipidemia and ultimately heart disease. The goal of this review is to describe the physiological and metabolic lipid alterations that develop in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Questions addressed include the differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism that characterize the dyslipidemia of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We also examine the relevance of the new AHA/ADA treatment guidelines to dyslipidemic individuals. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we provide an update on the pathophysiology of diabetic dyslipidemia, including the role of several apolipoproteins such as apoC-III. We also point to new studies and new agents for the treatment of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus who need lipid therapies. Type 2 diabetes mellitus causes cardiovascular disease via several pathways, including dyslipidemia characterized by increased plasma levels of apoB-lipoproteins and triglycerides, and low plasma concentrations of HDL cholesterol. Treatments to normalize the dyslipidemia and reduce the risk for cardiovascular events include the following: lifestyle and medication, particularly statins, and if necessary, ezetimibe, to significantly lower LDL cholesterol. Other treatments, more focused on triglycerides and HDL cholesterol, are less well supported by randomized clinical trials and should be used on an individual basis. Newer agents, particularly the PCSK9 inhibitors, show a great promise for even greater lowering of LDL cholesterol, but we await the results of ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khavandi
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, PH-10-305, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Francisco Duarte
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, PH-10-305, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Henry N Ginsberg
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, PH-10-305, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Gissette Reyes-Soffer
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, PH-10-305, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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6
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Kraakman MJ, Dragoljevic D, Kammoun HL, Murphy AJ. Is the risk of cardiovascular disease altered with anti-inflammatory therapies? Insights from rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Transl Immunology 2016; 5:e84. [PMID: 27350883 PMCID: PMC4910124 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the most common form of CVD, which is complex and multifactorial with an elevated risk observed in people with either metabolic or inflammatory diseases. Accumulating evidence now links obesity with a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and has renewed our understanding of this condition and its associated comorbidities. An emerging theme linking disease states with atherosclerosis is the increased production of myeloid cells, which can initiate and exacerbate atherogenesis. Although anti-inflammatory drug treatments exist and have been successfully used to treat inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a commonly observed side effect is dyslipidemia, inadvertently, a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. The mechanisms leading to dyslipidemia associated with anti-inflammatory drug use and whether CVD risk is actually increased by this dyslipidemia are of great therapeutic importance and currently remain poorly understood. Here we review recent data providing links between inflammation, hematopoiesis, dyslipidemia and CVD risk in the context of anti-inflammatory drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Kraakman
- Department of Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dragana Dragoljevic
- Department of Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helene L Kammoun
- Department of Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Department of Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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van Marrewijk LM, Polyak SW, Hijnen M, Kuruvilla D, Chang MR, Shin Y, Kamenecka TM, Griffin PR, Bruning JB. SR2067 Reveals a Unique Kinetic and Structural Signature for PPARγ Partial Agonism. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:273-83. [PMID: 26579553 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic full agonists of PPARγ have been prescribed for the treatment of diabetes due to their ability to regulate glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitization. While the use of full agonists of PPARγ has been hampered due to severe side effects, partial agonists have shown promise due to their decreased incidence of such side effects in preclinical models. No kinetic information has been forthcoming in regard to the mechanism of full versus partial agonism of PPARγ to date. Here, we describe the discovery of a partial agonist, SR2067. A co-crystal structure obtained at 2.2 Å resolution demonstrates that interactions with the β-sheet are driven exclusively via hydrophobic interactions mediated through a naphthalene group, an observation that is unique from other partial agonists. Surface plasmon resonance revealed that SR2067 binds to the receptor with higher affinity (KD = 513 nM) as compared to that of full agonist rosiglitazone, yet it has a much slower off rate compared to that of rosiglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. van Marrewijk
- School
of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Steven W. Polyak
- School
of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Marcel Hijnen
- GE Healthcare Life Sciences ANZ, Melbourne, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - Dana Kuruvilla
- Department
of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Mi Ra Chang
- Department
of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Youseung Shin
- Department
of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Theodore M. Kamenecka
- Department
of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Patrick R. Griffin
- Department
of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - John B. Bruning
- School
of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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8
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Yang XH, Li P, Yin YL, Tu JH, Dai W, Liu LY, Wang SX. Rosiglitazone via PPARγ-dependent suppression of oxidative stress attenuates endothelial dysfunction in rats fed homocysteine thiolactone. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:826-35. [PMID: 25656735 PMCID: PMC4395197 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore whether rosiglitazone (RSG), a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, exerts beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction induced by homocysteine thiolactone (HTL) and to investigate the potential mechanisms. Incubation of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells with HTL (1 mM) for 24 hrs significantly reduced cell viabilities assayed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, as well as enhanced productions of reactive oxygen species, activation of nuclear factor kappa B, and increased intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 secretion. Pre-treatment of cells with RSG (0.001–0.1 mM), pyrollidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, 0.1 mM) or apocynin (0.1 mM) for 1 hr reversed these effects induced by HTL. Furthermore, co-incubation with GW9662 (0.01 mM) abolished the protective effects of RSG on HTL-treated cells. In ex vivo experiments, exposure of isolated aortic rings from. rats to HTL (1 mM) for 1 hr dramatically impaired acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation, reduced release of nitric oxide and activity of superoxide dismutase, and increased malondialdehyde content in aortic tissues. Preincubation of aortic rings with RSG (0.1, 0.3, 1 mM), PDTC or apocynin normalized the disorders induced by HTL. In vivo analysis indicated that administration of RSG (20 mg/kg/d) remarkably suppressed oxidative stress and prevented endothelial dysfunction in rats fed HTL (50 mg/kg/d) for 8 weeks. RSG improves endothelial functions in rats fed HTL, which is related to PPARγ-dependent suppression of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Hong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical College, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Jabbour S. Comment and response to: dapagliflozin – do we need it registered for type 2 diabetes? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 15:2751-2. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2014.974897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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10
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Doggrell SA, Tuli R. Dapagliflozin – do we need it registered for type 2 diabetes? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 15:1631-5. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2014.930438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Doggrell SA, McIntyre K. Canagliflozin - something new for type 2 diabetes, but is it safe and efficacious? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013; 15:437-41. [PMID: 24377759 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2014.868885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inhibition of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), to promote the excretion of glucose, is a new paradigm in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. AREAS COVERED Canagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor, which has been the subject of two recent clinical trials, which are evaluated. EXPERT OPINION Studies with canagliflozin, in subjects with type 2 diabetes, have shown that its use is associated with reductions in HbA1c and body weight and small reductions in blood pressure and triglycerides, while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. As monotherapy in Japanese subjects, or in comparison with glimepiride in CANTATA-SU (CANagliflozin Treatment and Trial Analysis versus SUlphonylurea), canagliflozin causes a low incidence of hypoglycemia, and this is an advantage over glimepiride. However, one of the disadvantages with canagliflozin, which was also highlighted in CANTATA-SU, is that canagliflozin can cause urogenital infections, which are not observed with other antidiabetic drugs. The Federal Drug Administration has recently approved canagliflozin for use in type 2 diabetes, while directing that a clinical outcome safety trial be undertaken. We are concerned that canagliflozin has been approved for use in type 2 diabetes prior to a clinical outcome study of efficacy being undertaken and without the outcome of further safety testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila A Doggrell
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health , GPO 2434, QLD 4002, Brisbane , Australia +61 7 3138 2015 ; +61 7 3138 1534 ;
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Tripp ML, Darland G, Konda VR, Pacioretty LM, Chang JL, Bland JS, Babish JG. Optimized mixture of hops rho iso-alpha acids-rich extract and acacia proanthocyanidins-rich extract reduces insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and improves glucose and insulin control in db/db mice. Nutr Res Pract 2012. [PMID: 23198019 PMCID: PMC3506871 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2012.6.5.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho iso-alpha acids-rich extract (RIAA) from Humulus lupulus (hops) and proanthocyanidins-rich extracts (PAC) from Acacia nilotica exert anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesized that a combination of these two extracts would exert enhanced effects in vitro on inflammatory markers and insulin signaling, and on nonfasting glucose and insulin in db/db mice. Over 49 tested combinations, RIAA:PAC at 5:1 (6.25 µg/mL) exhibited the greatest reductions in TNFα-stimulated lipolysis and IL-6 release in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, comparable to 5 µg/mL troglitazone. Pretreatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with this combination (5 µg/mL) also led to a 3-fold increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake that was comparable to 5 µg/mL pioglitazone or 901 µg/mL aspirin. Finally, db/db mice fed with RIAA:PAC at 5:1 (100 mg/kg) for 7 days resulted in 22% decrease in nonfasting glucose and 19% decrease in insulin that was comparable to 0.5 mg/kg rosiglitazone and better than 100 mg/kg metformin. RIAA:PAC mixture may have the potential to be an alternative when conventional therapy is undesirable or ineffective, and future research exploring its long-term clinical application is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Tripp
- MetaProteomics LLC, 9770 44 Ave. NW, Ste 100, Gig Harbor, WA 98332, USA
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13
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Naka KK, Papathanassiou K, Bechlioulis A, Pappas K, Kazakos N, Kanioglou C, Papafaklis MI, Kostoula A, Vezyraki P, Makriyiannis D, Tsatsoulis A, Michalis LK. Rosiglitazone improves endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2011; 8:195-201. [PMID: 21576196 DOI: 10.1177/1479164111408628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased incidence of myocardial infarction with rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported. This study aimed to assess the effect of rosiglitazone on endothelial function, assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), in 34 patients with advanced T2DM treated with insulin without known cardiovascular disease. Patients were randomised into two groups: no additional treatment was given in 17 patients, while 17 patients were given rosiglitazone for 6 months. Addition of rosiglitazone significantly reduced glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) (p < 0.0005) and fasting glucose (p < 0.05) and improved FMD (p < 0.005). No significant changes were observed in the insulin-only group. The single independent predictor of FMD improvement was rosiglitazone treatment (p = 0.048). These results show that, in patients with advanced T2DM treated with insulin, addition of rosiglitazone may have a beneficial effect on endothelial function. Further research is needed to investigate why this beneficial effect does not translate into improved cardiovascular prognosis in these patients.
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14
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Papanas N, Katsiki N, Hatzitolios AI, Maltezos E. Pioglitazone: a valuable component of combination therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2011; 12:1457-61. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2011.568477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Lindström T, Kechagias S, Carlsson M, Nystrom FH. Transient increase in HDL-cholesterol during weight gain by hyperalimentation in healthy subjects. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:812-7. [PMID: 20814413 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2010.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Determination of lipid levels is fundamental in cardiovascular risk assessment. We studied the short-term effects of fast food-based hyperalimentation on lipid levels in healthy subjects. Twelve healthy men and six healthy women with a mean age of 26 ± 6.6 years and an aged-matched control group were recruited for this prospective interventional study. Subjects in the intervention group aimed for a body weight increase of 5-15% by doubling the baseline caloric intake by eating at least two fast food-based meals a day in combination with adoption of a sedentary lifestyle for 4 weeks. This protocol induced a weight gain from 67.6 ± 9.1 kg to 74.0 ± 11 kg (P < 0.001). A numerical increase in the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol occurred in all subjects during the study and this was apparent already at the first week in 16/18 subjects (mean increase at week 1: +22.0 ± 16%, range from -7 to +50%), whereas the highest level of HDL during the study as compared with baseline values varied from +6% to +58% (mean +31.6 ± 15%). The intake of saturated fat in the early phase of the trial related positively with the HDL-cholesterol-increase in the second week (r = 0.53, P = 0.028). Although the levels of insulin doubled at week 2, the increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was only +12 ± 17%, and there was no statistically significant changes in fasting serum triglycerides. We conclude that hyperalimentation can induce a fast but transient increase in HDL-cholesterol that is of clinical interest when estimating cardiovascular risk based on serum lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torbjörn Lindström
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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16
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Hsieh SH, Shih KC, Chou CW, Chu CH. Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of miglitol in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by diet and sulfonylureas. Acta Diabetol 2011; 48:71-7. [PMID: 20963449 PMCID: PMC3048463 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-010-0220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the efficacy and tolerability of miglitol with respect to improving glycemic control in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by diet and sulfonylurea treatment. This was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. A total of 105 patients were randomized to receive 24 weeks of treatment with miglitol (n = 52; titrated from 50 mg to 100 mg 3 times daily) or placebo (n = 53). Concomitant sulfonylurea treatment and diet remained unchanged. The primary endpoint was change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline at 24 weeks. Secondary endpoints were changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), and postprandial serum insulin (PSI). The miglitol treatment group showed significantly greater reductions in HbA1c and PPG levels compared with the placebo group. With respect to adverse events, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, and hypoglycemia occurred with similar frequency in both groups. Results of this study indicate that miglitol significantly improves metabolic control in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Miglitol is safe and well tolerated, with the exception of abdominal discomfort. Therefore, miglitol may be a useful adjuvant therapy for Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by diet and sulfonylurea treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hwu Hsieh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 5, Fu-Shing St, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuang-Chung Shih
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd, Neihu District, Taipei City, 114 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Wen Chou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsun Chu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Kadoglou NPE, Iliadis F, Sailer N, Athanasiadou Z, Vitta I, Kapelouzou A, Karayannacos PE, Liapis CD, Alevizos M, Angelopoulou N, Vrabas IS. Exercise training ameliorates the effects of rosiglitazone on traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2010; 59:599-607. [PMID: 19922961 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of rosiglitazone and/or exercise training on novel cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. One hundred overweight/obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, with inadequate glycemic control (hemoglobin A(1c) >7%) despite combined treatment with gliclazide plus metformin, were randomized using a 2 x 2 factorial design to 4 equivalent (n = 25) groups, as follows: (1) CO: maintenance of habitual activities, (2) RSG: add-on therapy with rosiglitazone (8 mg/d), (3) EX: adjunctive exercise training, and (4) RSG + EX: supplementary administration of rosiglitazone (8 mg/d) plus exercise training. No participant had diabetic vascular complications or was receiving lipid-lowering therapy. Anthropometric parameters, cardiorespiratory capacity, glycemic and lipid profile, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apo B, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-18, insulin resistance, and blood pressure were measured before and after 12 months of intervention (P < .05). Both RSG and EX groups significantly reduced glycemic indexes, insulin resistance, blood pressure, and IL-18, whereas they significantly increased high-density lipoprotein, cardiorespiratory capacity, and IL-10, compared with CO group (P < .05). Besides this, exercise-treated patients conferred a remarkable down-regulation in the rest of lipid parameters (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apo B) and body fat content (P < .05) in comparison with CO group. On the other hand, RSG group rather than CO group considerably increased apo A-I levels and body mass index (P < .05). Notably, the combined treatment group yielded pronounced beneficial changes in glycemic indexes, lipid profile, insulin resistance, blood pressure, IL-10, IL-18, apo A-I, and apo B (vs CO group, P < .05). Furthermore, the addition of exercise to rosiglitazone treatment counteracted the drug-related negative effects on body weight, low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol. Rosiglitazone plus exercise training elicited additive effects on body composition, glycemic control, and traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, indicating complementary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P E Kadoglou
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, "Hippokratio" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Yang SNY, Osman N, Burch ML, Little PJ. Factors affecting proteoglycan synthesis and structure that modify the interaction with lipoproteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.09.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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The effects of Thiazolidinediones on metabolic complications and Lipodystrophy in HIV-infected patients. PPAR Res 2008; 2009:373524. [PMID: 19096512 PMCID: PMC2593088 DOI: 10.1155/2009/373524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-associated metabolic complications include lipoatrophy (loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT)) and insulin resistance. Thiazolidinediones are insulin-sensitizing antidiabetic agents which-as an untoward side effect in obese diabetic patients-increase SAT. Furthermore, troglitazone has improved lipoatrophy and glycemic control in non-HIV patients with various forms of lipodystrophy. These data have led to 14 clinical trials to examine whether thiazolidinediones could be useful in the treatment of HAART-associated metabolic complications. The results of these studies indicate very modest, if any, effect on lipoatrophic SAT, probably due to ongoing HAART negating the beneficial effect. The benefit might be more prominent in patients not taking thymidine analoges. Despite the poor effect on lipoatrophy, thiazolidin-ediones improved insulin sensitivity. However, especially rosiglitazone induced harmful effects on blood lipids. Current data do not provide evidence for the use of thiazolidinediones in the treatment of HAART-associated lipoatrophy, but treatment of lipoatrophy-associated diabetes may be warranted. The role of thiazolidinediones for novel indications, such as hepatosteatosis, should be studied in these patients.
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