1
|
Design and Characterization of a Novel Hapten and Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody for Detecting Atrazine. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121726. [PMID: 35741925 PMCID: PMC9223028 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provides the first design and synthetic protocol for preparing highly sensitive and specific atrazine (ATR) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this work, a previously unreported hapten, 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine, was designed and synthesized, which maximally exposed the characteristic amino group ATR to an animal immune system to induce the expected antibody. The molecular weight of the ATR hapten was 259.69 Da, and its purity was 97.8%. The properties of the anti-ATR mAb were systematically characterized. One 9F5 mAb, which can detect ATR, was obtained with an IC50 value (the concentration of analyte that produced 50% inhibition of ATR) of 1.678 µg/L for ATR. The molecular weight for the purified 9F5 mAb was approximately 52 kDa for the heavy chain and 15 kDa for the light chain. The anti-ATR mAb prepared in this study was the IgG1 type. The working range of the standard curve (IC20 (the concentration of analyte that produced 20% inhibition of ATR)-IC80 (the concentration of analyte that produced 80% inhibition of ATR)) was 0.384 to 11.565 µg/L. The prepared anti-ATR mAb had high specificity, sensitivity, and affinity with low cross-reactivity. The prepared anti-ATR mAb could provide the core raw material for establishing an ATR immunoassay.
Collapse
|
2
|
Diep J, Le H, Le K, Zasadzinska E, Tat J, Yam P, Zastrow R, Gomez N, Stevens J. Microfluidic chip-based single-cell cloning to accelerate biologic production timelines. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3192. [PMID: 34323013 PMCID: PMC9285370 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell line development (CLD) represents a critical, yet time‐consuming, step in the biomanufacturing process as significant resources are devoted to the scale‐up and screening of several hundreds to thousands of single‐cell clones. Typically, transfected pools are fully recovered from selection and characterized for growth, productivity, and product quality to identify the best pools suitable for single‐cell cloning (SCC) using limiting dilution or fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS). Here we report the application of the Berkeley Lights Beacon Instrument (BLI) in an early SCC process to accelerate the CLD timeline. Transfected pools were single‐cell cloned when viabilities reached greater than 85% or during selection when viabilities were less than 30%. Clones isolated from these accelerated processes exhibited comparable growth, productivity, and product quality to those derived from a standard CLD process and fit into an existing manufacturing platform. With these approaches, up to a 30% reduction in the overall CLD timeline was achieved. Furthermore, early process‐derived clones demonstrated equivalent long‐term stability compared with standard process‐derived clones over 50 population doubling levels (PDLs). Taken together, the data supported early SCC on the BLI as an attractive approach to reducing the standard CLD timeline while still identifying clones with acceptable manufacturability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Diep
- Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Huong Le
- Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Kim Le
- Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Ewelina Zasadzinska
- Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Jasmine Tat
- Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Pheng Yam
- Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Ryan Zastrow
- Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Natalia Gomez
- Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Jennitte Stevens
- Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Napiorkowska M, Pestalozzi L, Panke S, Held M, Schmitt S. High-Throughput Optimization of Recombinant Protein Production in Microfluidic Gel Beads. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005523. [PMID: 33325637 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Efficient production hosts are a key requirement for bringing biopharmaceutical and biotechnological innovations to the market. In this work, a truly universal high-throughput platform for optimization of microbial protein production is described. Using droplet microfluidics, large genetic libraries of strains are encapsulated into biocompatible gel beads that are engineered to selectively retain any protein of interest. Bead-retained products are then fluorescently labeled and strains with superior production titers are isolated using flow cytometry. The broad applicability of the platform is demonstrated by successfully culturing several industrially relevant bacterial and yeast strains and detecting peptides or proteins of interest that are secreted or released from the cell via autolysis. Lastly, the platform is applied to optimize cutinase secretion in Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) and a strain with 5.7-fold improvement is isolated. The platform permits the analysis of >106 genotypes per day and is readily applicable to any protein that can be equipped with a His6 -tag. It is envisioned that the platform will be useful for large screening campaigns that aim to identify improved hosts for large-scale production of biotechnologically relevant proteins, thereby accelerating the costly and time-consuming process of strain engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Napiorkowska
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Luzius Pestalozzi
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Sven Panke
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Martin Held
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Steven Schmitt
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bakhtiari H, Palizban AA, Khanahmad H, Mofid MR. An innovative cell selection approach in developing human cells overexpressing aspartyl/asparaginyl β-hydroxylase. Res Pharm Sci 2020; 15:291-299. [PMID: 33088329 PMCID: PMC7540811 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.288436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Aspartyl/asparaginyl β-hydroxylase (ASPH) is abundantly expressed in malignant neoplastic cells. The establishment of a human cell line overexpressing ASPH could provide the native-like recombinant protein needed for developing theranostic probes. In the process of transfection, the obtained cells normally contain a range of cells expressing the different levels of the target of interest. In this paper, we report on our simple innovative approach in the selection of best-transfected cells with the highest expression of ASPH using subclone selection, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and gradual increment of hygromycin concentration. Experimental approach: To achieve this goal, human embryonic kidney (HEK 293T) cells were transfected with an ASPH-bearing pcDNA3.1/Hygro(+) vector. During antibiotic selection, single accumulations of the resistant cells were separately cultured and the ASPH mRNA levels of each flask were evaluated. The best subclones were treated with a gradually increasing amount of hygromycin. The ASPH protein expression of the obtained cells was finally evaluated using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. Findings / Results: The results showed that different selected subclones expressed different levels of ASPH. Furthermore, the gradual increment of hygromycin (up to 400mg/mL) improved the expression of ASPH. The best relative fold change in mRNA levels was 57.59 ± 4.11. Approximately 90.2% of HEKASPH cells overexpressed ASPH on their surface. Conclusion and implications: The experiments indicated that we have successfully constructed and evaluated a recombinant human cell line overexpressing ASPH on the surface. Moreover, our innovative selection approach provided an effective procedure for enriching highly expressing recombinant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Bakhtiari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Palizban
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mofid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Using the Patterned Microarray Culture to Obtain Gene-Editing Monoclonal Cells. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:1906-1909. [PMID: 32461005 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.02.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified pigs are the first choice for xenotransplantation research, but there have been problems with monoclonal screening of edited cells before nuclear transfer. Our objective was to get a novel strategy to quickly obtain monoclonal cells with low damage by microarray and to produce efficient gene-editing monoclonal cells in batches. Micropattern array printing technology was introduced to limit only a single cell was adhered on a micropattern substrate, and after 4 days of culture, the single cell grew into a monoclonal cell sphere and then came off from the bottom of the petri dish automatically. After sequencing, the results showed that a single cell is confined to a micropattern and grows into a sphere of monoclonal cells.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chiu JCY, Teodoro JA, Lee JH, Matthews K, Duffy SP, Ma H. Selective cell propagation via micropatterning of a thermally-activated hydrogel. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1544-1553. [PMID: 32270803 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01230c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability to selectively propagate specific cells is fundamentally important to the development of clonal cell populations. Current methods rely on techniques such as limiting dilution, colony picking, and flow cytometry to transfer single cells into single wells, resulting in workflows that are low-throughput, slowed by propagation kinetics, and susceptible to contamination. Here, we developed a method, called selective laser gelation (SLG), to micropattern hydrogels in cell culture media in order to encapsulate specific cells to selectively arrest their growth. This process relies on the inverse gelation of methylcellulose, which forms a hydrogel when heated rather than cooled. Local heating using an infrared laser enables hydrogel micropatterning, while phase transition hysteresis retains the hydrogel after laser excitation. As a demonstration, we used this approach to selectively propagate transgenic CHO cells with increased antibody productivity. More generally, hydrogel micropatterning provides a simple and non-contact method for selective propagation of cells based on features identified by imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Y Chiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2054-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
A novel selection strategy for antibody producing hybridoma cells based on a new transgenic fusion cell line. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1664. [PMID: 32015441 PMCID: PMC6997400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58571-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of monoclonal antibodies is ubiquitous in science and biomedicine but the generation and validation process of antibodies is nevertheless complicated and time-consuming. To address these issues we developed a novel selective technology based on an artificial cell surface construct by which secreted antibodies were connected to the corresponding hybridoma cell when they possess the desired antigen-specificity. Further the system enables the selection of desired isotypes and the screening for potential cross-reactivities in the same context. For the design of the construct we combined the transmembrane domain of the EGF-receptor with a hemagglutinin epitope and a biotin acceptor peptide and performed a transposon-mediated transfection of myeloma cell lines. The stably transfected myeloma cell line was used for the generation of hybridoma cells and an antigen- and isotype-specific screening method was established. The system has been validated for globular protein antigens as well as for haptens and enables a fast and early stage selection and validation of monoclonal antibodies in one step.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang S, Scott EY, Singh J, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Elsayed M, Chamberlain MD, Shakiba N, Adams K, Yu S, Morshead CM, Zandstra PW, Wheeler AR. The optoelectronic microrobot: A versatile toolbox for micromanipulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14823-14828. [PMID: 31289234 PMCID: PMC6660717 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903406116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microrobotics extends the reach of human-controlled machines to submillimeter dimensions. We introduce a microrobot that relies on optoelectronic tweezers (OET) that is straightforward to manufacture, can take nearly any desirable shape or form, and can be programmed to carry out sophisticated, multiaxis operations. One particularly useful program is a serial combination of "load," "transport," and "deliver," which can be applied to manipulate a wide range of micrometer-dimension payloads. Importantly, microrobots programmed in this manner are much gentler on fragile mammalian cells than conventional OET techniques. The microrobotic system described here was demonstrated to be useful for single-cell isolation, clonal expansion, RNA sequencing, manipulation within enclosed systems, controlling cell-cell interactions, and isolating precious microtissues from heterogeneous mixtures. We propose that the optoelectronic microrobotic system, which can be implemented using a microscope and consumer-grade optical projector, will be useful for a wide range of applications in the life sciences and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuailong Zhang
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Erica Y Scott
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Jastaranpreet Singh
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Mohamed Elsayed
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - M Dean Chamberlain
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Nika Shakiba
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Kelsey Adams
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Siyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
- Photonics Group, Merchant Venturers School of Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1UB Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Peter W Zandstra
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Luo J, Lu L, Gu Y, Huang R, Gui L, Li S, Qi X, Zheng W, Chao T, Zheng Q, Liang Y, Zhang L. Speed genome editing by transient CRISPR/Cas9 targeting and large DNA fragment deletion. J Biotechnol 2018; 281:11-20. [PMID: 29886029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.06.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic engineering of cell lines and model organisms has been facilitated enormously by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. However, in cell lines it remains labor intensive and time consuming to obtain desirable mutant clones due to the difficulties in isolating the mutated clones and sophisticated genotyping. In this study, we have validated fluorescent protein reporter aided cell sorting which enables the isolation of maximal diversity in mutant cells. We further applied two spectrally distinct fluorescent proteins DsRed2 and ECFP as reporters for independent CRISPR/Cas9 mediated targeting, which allows for one-cell-one-well sorting of the mutant cells. Because of ultra-high efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system with dual reporters and large DNA fragment deletion resulting from independent loci cleavage, monoclonal mutant cells could be easily identified by conventional PCR. In the speed genome editing method presented here, sophisticated genotyping methods are not necessary to identify loss of function mutations after CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, and desirable loss of function mutant clones could be obtained in less than one month following transfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province 453003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Liaoxun Lu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province 453003, China; Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Yanrong Gu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province 453003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province 453003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lin Gui
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province 453003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Saichao Li
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province 453003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xinhui Qi
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province 453003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Wenping Zheng
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province 453003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tianzhu Chao
- Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province 453003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yinming Liang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province 453003, China; Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, 453003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Lichen Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province 453003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ramezani A, Ghaderi A. Using a Dihydrofolate Reductase-Based Strategy for Producing the Biosimilar Version of Pertuzumab in CHO-S Cells. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2018; 37:26-37. [DOI: 10.1089/mab.2017.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ramezani
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li X, Bian H, Yu S, Xiao W, Shen J, Lan C, Zhou K, Huang C, Wang L, Du D, Lin Y, Tang Y. A Rapid Method for Antigen-Specific Hybridoma Clone Isolation. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2224-2229. [PMID: 29290124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and limited dilution methods to screen and clone antigen-specific hybridoma cells is extremely time-consuming and labor-intensive. This work features a simple and rapid cell surface fluorescence immunosorbent assay (CSFIA), designed for the detection and isolation of antigen-specific hybridoma clones. In this assay, antigens are first anchored to the hybridoma cell surface through a dual-functioning molecular Oleyl-PEG4000-NHS. Specific antibodies secreted from hybridoma cells are then captured by the antigens on the cell surface. Positive hybridoma cells are stained using a fluorescently labeled anti-mouse IgG-Fc antibody. After the addition of a methylcellulose semisolid medium, positive clones are easily picked using a pipet. These positive cell clones can be used to produce monoclonal antibodies after direct expansion. Using this method, positive hybridoma clones against both malachite green and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus are selected with high efficiency. Compared to the ELISA-based method, the CSFIA-based method achieved the capability of isolating >2-fold more hybridoma clones in <25% of the corresponding processing time. In brief, the CSFIA-based method is highly efficient and inexpensive with a simple and direct operation, which is an excellent candidate method for antigen-specific positive clone isolation in a monoclonal antibody preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Hongfen Bian
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Siming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jianying Shen
- Guangzhou Highway Engineering Company , Guangzhou 510075, P. R. China
| | - Caifeng Lan
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Kenan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Caihong Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Dan Du
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Yuehe Lin
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China.,Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rosental B, Kozhekbaeva Z, Fernhoff N, Tsai JM, Traylor-Knowles N. Coral cell separation and isolation by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). BMC Cell Biol 2017; 18:30. [PMID: 28851289 PMCID: PMC5575905 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-017-0146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized methods for understanding the cell biology of non-model species are quite rare, yet very much needed. In order to address this issue, we have modified a technique traditionally used in the biomedical field for ecological and evolutionary research. Fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) is often used for sorting and identifying cell populations. In this study, we developed a method to identify and isolate different cell populations in corals and other cnidarians. METHODS Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), coral cell suspension were sorted into different cellular populations using fluorescent cell markers that are non-species specific. Over 30 different cell markers were tested. Additionally, cell suspension from Aiptasia pallida was also tested, and a phagocytosis test was done as a downstream functional assay. RESULTS We found that 24 of the screened markers positively labeled coral cells and 16 differentiated cell sub-populations. We identified 12 different cellular sub-populations using three markers, and found that each sub-population is primarily homogeneous. Lastly, we verified this technique in a sea anemone, Aiptasia pallida, and found that with minor modifications, a similar gating strategy can be successfully applied. Additionally, within A. pallida, we show elevated phagocytosis of sorted cells based on an immune associated marker. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we successfully adapted FACS for isolating coral cell populations and conclude that this technique is translatable for future use in other species. This technique has the potential to be used for different types of studies on the cellular stress response and other immunological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benyamin Rosental
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, 120 Ocean View Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA.
| | - Zhanna Kozhekbaeva
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Florida, 33149, USA
| | - Nathaniel Fernhoff
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan M Tsai
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nikki Traylor-Knowles
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Florida, 33149, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu CZ, Jiao XL, Gao DQ, Xing LB, Liu H, Luo Y, Gao YT. Real-time live-cell analysis system for screening single tumor cell clones and analyzing their colony-forming ability. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:881-890. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i10.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To screen single tumor cell clones and evaluating their colony-forming ability by IncuCyte ZOOM.
METHODS Primary tumor cells were isolated by differential digestion and differential adherence method. On the basis of limited dilution, dynamic real-time tracking technology and full aperture imaging technology were used to track single cell clones and evaluate their colony-formation ability.
RESULTS Six lines of primary tumor cells (TJ3ZX-02 to 07) were isolated from 30 tumor tissues, and 89 persistently proliferative tumor cell clones were screened from five primary tumor cell lines (TJ3ZX-03 to 07), of which 67 were expanded and cryopreserved. Eighteen monoclonal cell lines were excluded due to the lack of expansion ability, and 28 polyclonal cell lines were excluded because of consisting of two or more cell types as revealed by the Sequence Diagram. The analysis of clone-forming ability of two monoclonal cell strains (TJ3ZX-06-B11, TJ3ZX-07-H11) showed that the clone-forming rates for the plate method (35.17%, 13.17%) were significantly higher than those for IncuCyte ZOOM (23.13%, 5.51%) at 14 d (P < 0.05), although there was no significant difference at 21 d (35.63% and 13.22% for IncuCyte ZOOM).
CONCLUSION IncuCyte ZOOM is simple, accurate and time-saving for screening single clones and measuring their colony-forming ability.
Collapse
|
14
|
Prats Mateu B, Harreither E, Schosserer M, Puxbaum V, Gludovacz E, Borth N, Gierlinger N, Grillari J. Label-free live cell imaging by Confocal Raman Microscopy identifies CHO host and producer cell lines. Biotechnol J 2016; 12. [PMID: 27440252 PMCID: PMC5244663 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As a possible viable and non-invasive method to identify high producing cells, Confocal Raman Microscopy was shown to be able to differentiate CHO host cell lines and derivative production clones. Cluster analysis of spectra and their derivatives was able to differentiate between different producer cell lines and a host, and also distinguished between an intracellular region of high lipid and protein content that in structure resembles the Endoplasmic Reticulum. This ability to identify the ER may be a major contributor to the identification of high producers. PCA enabled the discrimination even of host cell lines and their subclones with inherently higher production capacity. The method is thus a promising option that may contribute to early, non-invasive identification of high potential candidates during cell line development and possibly could also be used for proof of identity of established production clones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Batirtze Prats Mateu
- Institute of Physics and Materials Sciences, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Harreither
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Puxbaum
- ACIB Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Gludovacz
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,ACIB Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Notburga Gierlinger
- Institute of Physics and Materials Sciences, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,ACIB Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lang S, Drewello D, Wichter J, Nommay A, Wilms B, Knopf HP, Jostock T. Surface display vectors for selective detection and isolation of high level antibody producing cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2386-93. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Lang
- Integrated Biologics Profiling; Novartis Pharma AG; Postfach CH-4002, Basel Switzerland
| | - Delia Drewello
- Integrated Biologics Profiling; Novartis Pharma AG; Postfach CH-4002, Basel Switzerland
| | - Johannes Wichter
- GBW/H, White Biotechnology Research-Microbiology; BASF; Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Audrey Nommay
- Integrated Biologics Profiling; Novartis Pharma AG; Postfach CH-4002, Basel Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Wilms
- Integrated Biologics Profiling; Novartis Pharma AG; Postfach CH-4002, Basel Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Knopf
- Integrated Biologics Profiling; Novartis Pharma AG; Postfach CH-4002, Basel Switzerland
| | - Thomas Jostock
- Integrated Biologics Profiling; Novartis Pharma AG; Postfach CH-4002, Basel Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hanack K, Messerschmidt K, Listek M. Antibodies and Selection of Monoclonal Antibodies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 917:11-22. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32805-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
17
|
Misaghi S, Shaw D, Louie S, Nava A, Simmons L, Snedecor B, Poon C, Paw JS, Gilmour-Appling L, Cupp JE. Slashing the timelines: Opting to generate high-titer clonal lines faster via viability-based single cell sorting. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 32:198-207. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Misaghi
- Dept. of Early Stage Cell Culture; Genentech, Inc; 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - David Shaw
- Dept. of Early Stage Cell Culture; Genentech, Inc; 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Salina Louie
- Dept. of Early Stage Cell Culture; Genentech, Inc; 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Adrian Nava
- Dept. of Early Stage Cell Culture; Genentech, Inc; 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Laura Simmons
- Dept. of Early Stage Cell Culture; Genentech, Inc; 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Brad Snedecor
- Dept. of Early Stage Cell Culture; Genentech, Inc; 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Chungkee Poon
- Dept. of Immunology; Genentech, Inc; 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Jonathan S. Paw
- Dept. of Immunology; Genentech, Inc; 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080
| | | | - James E. Cupp
- Dept. of Immunology; Genentech, Inc; 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ritter A, Voedisch B, Wienberg J, Wilms B, Geisse S, Jostock T, Laux H. Deletion of a telomeric region on chromosome 8 correlates with higher productivity and stability of CHO cell lines. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:1084-93. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anett Ritter
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Basel Switzerland
- Novartis Pharma AG; Integrated Biologics Profiling Unit; Werk Klybeck Postfach CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Bernd Voedisch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Burkhard Wilms
- Novartis Pharma AG; Integrated Biologics Profiling Unit; Werk Klybeck Postfach CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Sabine Geisse
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Basel Switzerland
| | - Thomas Jostock
- Novartis Pharma AG; Integrated Biologics Profiling Unit; Werk Klybeck Postfach CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Holger Laux
- Novartis Pharma AG; Integrated Biologics Profiling Unit; Werk Klybeck Postfach CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen W, Zhao X, Zhang M, Yuan Y, Ge L, Tang B, Xu X, Cao L, Guo H. High-efficiency secretory expression of human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin from mammalian cell lines with human serum albumin signal peptide. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 118:105-12. [PMID: 26518367 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a secretory glycoprotein initially isolated from neutrophils. It is thought to be involved in the incidence and development of immunological diseases and cancers. Urinary and serum levels of NGAL have been investigated as a new biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI), for an earlier and more accurate detection method than with creatinine level. However, expressing high-quality recombinant NGAL is difficult both in Escherichia coli and mammalian cells for the low yield. Here, we cloned and fused NGAL to the C-terminus of signal peptides of human NGAL, human interleukin-2 (IL2), gaussia luciferase (Gluc), human serum albumin preproprotein (HSA) or an hidden Markov model-generated signal sequence (HMM38) respectively for transient expression in Expi293F suspension cells to screen for their ability to improve the secretory expression of recombinant NGAL. The best results were obtained with signal peptide derived from HSA. The secretory recombinant protein could react specifically with NGAL antibody. For scaled production, we used HSA signal peptide to establish stable Chinese hamster ovary cell lines. Then we developed a convenient colony-selection system to select high-expression, stable cell lines. Moreover, we purified the NGAL with Ni-Sepharose column. The recombinant human NGAL displayed full biological activity. We provide a method to enhance the secretory expression of recombinant human NGAL by using the HSA signal peptide and produce the glycoprotein in mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhao
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yimin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Liyuan Ge
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bo Tang
- Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lin Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China; Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Optimization of cell line development in the GS-CHO expression system using a high-throughput, single cell-based clone selection system. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:323-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
21
|
Online flow cytometry for monitoring apoptosis in mammalian cell cultures as an application for process analytical technology. Cytotechnology 2014; 68:399-408. [PMID: 25352493 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is the main driver of cell death in bioreactor suspension cell cultures during the production of biopharmaceuticals from animal cell lines. It is known that apoptosis also has an effect on the quality and quantity of the expressed recombinant protein. This has raised the importance of studying apoptosis for implementing culture optimization strategies. The work here describes a novel approach to obtain near real time data on proportion of viable, early apoptotic, late apoptotic and necrotic cell populations in a suspension CHO culture using automated sample preparation in conjunction with flow cytometry. The resultant online flow cytometry data can track the progression of apoptotic events in culture, aligning with analogous manual methodologies and giving similar results. The obtained near-real time apoptosis data are a significant improvement in monitoring capabilities and can lead to improved control strategies and research data on complex biological systems in bioreactor cultures in both academic and industrial settings focused on process analytical technology applications.
Collapse
|
22
|
Yu B, Wages JM, Larrick JW. Antibody-membrane switch (AMS) technology for facile cell line development. Protein Eng Des Sel 2014; 27:309-15. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzu039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
23
|
Nair NR, Chidambareswaren M, Manjula S. Enhanced heterologous expression of biologically active human granulocyte colony stimulating factor in transgenic tobacco BY-2 cells by localization to endoplasmic reticulum. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 56:849-62. [PMID: 24845752 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) cells, one of the best characterized cell lines is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein expression. However, the expression of foreign proteins is currently hampered by their low yield, which is partially the result of proteolytic degradation. Human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine. Recombinant hG-CSF is successfully being used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in cancer patients. Here, we describe a simple strategy for producing biologically active hG-CSF in tobacco BY-2 cells, localized in the apoplast of BY-2 cells, as well as targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER targeting significantly enhanced recombinant production which scaled to 17.89 mg/l from 4.19 mg/l when expressed in the apoplasts. Southern blotting confirmed the stable integration of hG-CSF in the BY-2 nuclear genome, and the expression of hG-CSF was analysed by Western blotting. Total soluble protein containing hG-CSF isolated from positive calli showed proliferative potential when tested on HL-60 cell lines by MTT assay. We also report the potential of a Fluorescence-activated cell sorting approach for an efficient sorting of the hG-CSF-expressing cell lines, which will enable the generation of homogenous high-producing cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha R Nair
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Almo SC, Love JD. Better and faster: improvements and optimization for mammalian recombinant protein production. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2014; 26:39-43. [PMID: 24721463 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to numerous technological advances, the production of recombinant proteins in mammalian cell lines has become an increasingly routine task that is no longer viewed as a heroic enterprise. While production in prokaryotic or lower eukaryotic systems may be more rapid and economical, the advantages of producing large amounts of protein that closely resembles the native form is often advantageous and may be essential for the realization of functionally active material for biological studies or biopharmaceuticals. The correct folding, processing and post-translational modifications conferred by expression in a mammalian cell is relevant to all classes of proteins, including cytoplasmic, secreted or integral membrane proteins. Therefore considerable efforts have focused on the development of growth media, cell lines, transformation methods and selection techniques that enable the production of grams of functional protein in weeks, rather than months. This review will focus on a plethora of methods that are broadly applicable to the high yield production of any class of protein (cytoplasmic, secreted or integral membrane) from mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - James D Love
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Polonsky M, Zaretsky I, Friedman N. Dynamic single-cell measurements of gene expression in primary lymphocytes: challenges, tools and prospects. Brief Funct Genomics 2013; 12:99-108. [DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/els061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
|
26
|
Kirchhoff J, Raven N, Boes A, Roberts JL, Russell S, Treffenfeldt W, Fischer R, Schinkel H, Schiermeyer A, Schillberg S. Monoclonal tobacco cell lines with enhanced recombinant protein yields can be generated from heterogeneous cell suspension cultures by flow sorting. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2012; 10:936-44. [PMID: 22758383 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2012.00722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell suspension cultures can be used for the production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins, but their potential is limited by modest production levels that may be unstable over long culture periods, reflecting initial culture heterogeneity and subsequent genetic and epigenetic changes. We used flow sorting to generate highly productive monoclonal cell lines from a heterogeneous population of tobacco BY-2 cells expressing the human antibody M12 by selecting the co-expressed fluorescent marker protein DsRed located on the same T-DNA. Separation yielded ∼35% wells containing single protoplasts and ∼15% wells with monoclonal microcolonies that formed within 2 weeks. Thus, enriching the population of fluorescent cells from initially 24% to 90-96% in the six monoclonal lines resulted in an up to 13-fold increase in M12 production that remained stable for 10-12 months. This is the first straightforward procedure allowing the generation of monoclonal plant cell suspension cultures by flow sorting, greatly increasing the potential of plant cells as an economical platform for the manufacture of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Kirchhoff
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kober L, Zehe C, Bode J. Development of a novel ER stress based selection system for the isolation of highly productive clones. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:2599-611. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
28
|
Kumar N, Borth N. Flow-cytometry and cell sorting: an efficient approach to investigate productivity and cell physiology in mammalian cell factories. Methods 2012; 56:366-74. [PMID: 22426008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of cell lines used for the production of biotherapeutic proteins typically depends on the number of cells in culture, their specific growth rate, their viability and the cell specific productivity (qP). Therefore both cell line development and process development are trying to (a) improve cell proliferation to reduce lag-phase and achieve high number of cells; (b) delay cell death to prolong the production phase and improve culture longevity; (c) and finally, increase qP. All of these factors, when combined in an optimised process, concur to increase the final titre and yield of the recombinant protein. As cellular performance is at the centre of any improvement, analysis methods that enable the characterisation of individual cells in their entirety can help in identifying cell types and culture conditions that perform exceptionally well. This observation of cells and their complexity is reflected by the term "cytomics" and flow cytometry is one of the methods used for this purpose. With its ability to analyse the distribution of physiological properties within a population and to isolate rare outliers with exceptional properties, flow cytometry ideally complements other methods used for optimisation, including media design and cell engineering. In the present review we describe approaches that could be used, directly or indirectly, to analyse and sort cellular phenotypes characterised by improved growth behaviour, reduced cell death or high qP and outline their potential use for cell line and process optimisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Many therapeutically relevant proteins, like IgG antibodies, are highly complex, multimeric glycoproteins that are difficult to express in microbial systems and thus usually produced in mammalian host cells. During the past two decades, stable mammalian expression technologies have made huge progress resulting in highly increased speed of cell line development and yield of manufacturing processes. Here, we give an overview of technologies that are applied at different stages of state-of-the-art cell line development processes for biomanufacturing.
Collapse
|
30
|
Konry T, Dominguez-Villar M, Baecher-Allan C, Hafler DA, Yarmush ML. Droplet-based microfluidic platforms for single T cell secretion analysis of IL-10 cytokine. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:2707-10. [PMID: 20888750 PMCID: PMC3141325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a microfluidic method for the analysis of single cell secretions. The method co-encapsulates cells with microspheres conjugated with capture antibodies and detection fluorescence-labeled antibodies. The secreted substance captured on the microsphere surface and detected via detection antibodies generating a localized fluorescent signal on a microsphere surface. Using this method, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells were encapsulated and assayed to detect IL-10 secreting cell in population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Konry
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Díaz M, Herrero M, García LA, Quirós C. Application of flow cytometry to industrial microbial bioprocesses. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
33
|
Lindgren K, Salmén A, Lundgren M, Bylund L, Ebler A, Fäldt E, Sörvik L, Fenge C, Skoging-Nyberg U. Automation of cell line development. Cytotechnology 2009; 59:1-10. [PMID: 19306069 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-009-9187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An automated platform for development of high producing cell lines for biopharmaceutical production has been established in order to increase throughput and reduce development costs. The concept is based on the Cello robotic system (The Automation Partnership) and covers screening for colonies and expansion of static cultures. In this study, the glutamine synthetase expression system (Lonza Biologics) for production of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in Chinese hamster ovary cells was used for evaluation of the automation approach. It is shown that the automated procedure is capable of producing cell lines of equal quality to the traditionally generated cell lines in terms of colony detection following transfection and distribution of IgG titer in the screening steps. In a generic fed-batch evaluation in stirred tank bioreactors, IgG titers of 4.7 and 5.0 g/L were obtained for best expressing cell lines. We have estimated that the number of completed cell line development projects can be increased up to three times using the automated process without increasing manual workload, compared to the manual process. Correlation between IgG titers obtained in early screens and titers achieved in fed-batch cultures in shake flasks was found to be poor. This further implies the benefits of utilizing a high throughput system capable of screening and expanding a high number of transfectants. Two concentrations, 56 and 75 muM, of selection agent, methionine sulphoximine (MSX), were applied to evaluate the impact on the number of colonies obtained post transfection. When applying selection medium containing 75 muM MSX, fewer low producing transfectants were obtained, compared to cell lines selected with 56 muM MSX, but an equal number of high producing cell lines were found. By using the higher MSX concentration, the number of cell line development projects run in parallel could be increased and thereby increasing the overall capacity of the automated platform process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lindgren
- BioProcess R&D, AstraZeneca (now Recipharm Biologics AB), Gärtunavägen 10, 152 57, Södertälje, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
A matrix reservoir for improved control of non-viral gene delivery. J Control Release 2009; 136:220-5. [PMID: 19233237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery suffers from a number of limitations including short transgene expression times and low transfection efficiency. Collagen scaffolds have previously been investigated as in vitro DNA reservoirs, which allow sustained release of genetic information. Efficient viral gene-transfer from these scaffolds has previously been demonstrated. However, due to concerns about the safety of viral gene therapy, the use of non-viral vectors may be preferable. In this study a DNA-dendrimer complex embedded in a cross-linked collagen scaffold was investigated as a reservoir for non-viral delivery. Elution from the scaffolds and transfection of seeded rat mesenchymal stem cells were used to evaluate the scaffold's ability to act as a reservoir for the complexes. Elution from the scaffolds was minimal after 2 days with a total of 25% of the complexes released after 7 days. Extended transgene expression after DNA-dendrimer complex delivery from the scaffolds in comparison to direct delivery to cells was observed. The elongated transfection period and relatively high levels of reporter gene expression are significant advantages over other non-viral gene therapy techniques. This platform has the potential to be an effective method of scaffold-mediated gene delivery suitable for in vitro and in vivo applications.
Collapse
|
35
|
Thomas P. Characteristics of membrane progestin receptor alpha (mPRalpha) and progesterone membrane receptor component 1 (PGMRC1) and their roles in mediating rapid progestin actions. Front Neuroendocrinol 2008; 29:292-312. [PMID: 18343488 PMCID: PMC2600886 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, progestin actions initiated at the cell surface that are often nongenomic have been described in a variety of reproductive tissues, but until recently the identities of the membrane receptors mediating these nonclassical progestins actions remained unclear. Evidence has been obtained in the last 4-5 years for the involvement of two types of novel membrane proteins unrelated to nuclear steroid receptors, progesterone membrane receptors (mPRs) and progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGMRC1), in progestin signaling in several vertebrate reproductive tissues and in the brain. The mPRs, (M(W) approximately 40 kDa) initially discovered in fish ovaries, comprise at least three subtypes, alpha, beta and gamma and belong to the seven-transmembrane progesterone adiponectin Q receptor (PAQR) family. Both recombinant and wildtype mPRs display high affinity (K(d) approximately 5 nM), limited capacity, displaceable and specific progesterone binding. The mPRs are directly coupled to G proteins and typically activate pertussis-sensitive inhibitory G proteins (G(i)), to down-regulate adenylyl cyclase activity. Recent studies suggest the alpha subtype (mPRalpha) has important physiological functions in variety of reproductive tissues. The mPRalpha is an intermediary in progestin induction of oocyte maturation and stimulation of sperm hypermotility in fish. In mammals, the mPRalphas have been implicated in progesterone regulation of uterine function in humans and GnRH secretion in rodents. The single-transmembrane protein PGMRC1 (M(W) 26-28 kDa) was first purified from porcine livers and its cDNA was subsequently cloned from porcine smooth muscle cells and a variety of other tissues by different investigators. PGMRC1 and the closely-related PGMRC2 belong to the membrane-associated progesterone receptor (MAPR) family. The PGMRC1 protein displays moderately high binding affinity for progesterone which is 2- to 10-fold greater than that for testosterone and glucocorticoids, and also can bind to other molecules such as heme, cholesterol metabolites and proteins. The signal transduction pathways induced by binding of progesterone to PGMRC1 have not been described to date, although motifs for tyrosine kinase, kinase binding, SH2 and SH3 have been predicted from the amino acid sequence. Evidence has been obtained that PGMRC1 mediates the antiapoptotic affects of progesterone in rat granulosa cells. The PGMRC1 protein may also be an intermediary in the progesterone induction of the acrosome reaction in mammalian sperm. Despite these recent advances, many aspects of progestin signaling through these two families of novel membrane proteins remain unresolved. Biochemical characterization of the receptors has been hampered by rapid degradation of the partially purified proteins. A major technical challenge has been to express sufficient amounts of the recombinant receptors on the plasma membranes in eukaryotic systems to permit investigations of their progestin binding and signal transduction characteristics. Additional basic information on the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which mPRs and PGMRC1 interact with progestins, signal transductions pathways and other proteins will be required to establish a comprehensive model of nontraditional progestin actions mediated through these novel proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thomas
- University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sellrie F, Micheel B. Selection of recombinant antibody-producing E. coli cells by means of toxin conjugates. Biochem Eng J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2007.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
37
|
Matasci M, Hacker DL, Baldi L, Wurm FM. Recombinant therapeutic protein production in cultivated mammalian cells: current status and future prospects. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2008; 5:e37-e42. [PMID: 24981089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant therapeutic proteins produced in mammalian cells represent a major class of biopharmaceuticals. In recent years, their demand has increased dramatically and is now driving the development of a variety of improvements to maximize their expression in mammalian cells. Advances in media- and process optimization have already resulted in more than 100-fold improvement in yield, but further insights and subsequent targeted modifications with respect to the general biology of cells (genomics, physiology, selection and adaptation) in bioreactors are hoped to further improve protein yields and quality in the near future.:
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Matasci
- Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David L Hacker
- Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Baldi
- Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian M Wurm
- Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cawkill D, Eaglestone SS. Evolution of cell-based reagent provision. Drug Discov Today 2007; 12:820-5. [PMID: 17933682 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2007.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based screening is now part of all stages of drug discovery, and therefore, cell supply is a rate-limiting step. Reagent provision groups have responded by exploiting automation and new concepts such as frozen cells to ease the constraint and increase quality and flexibility of cell supply. With increasing numbers of projects to support, reagent development is now perceived as a new bottleneck. In this review, we describe a new operating model that has emerged at Pfizer UK addressing reagent development and cell supply issues without growing headcount, by complementing the application of internal expertise with use of contract research organisations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren Cawkill
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hinterkörner G, Brugger G, Müller D, Hesse F, Kunert R, Katinger H, Borth N. Improvement of the energy metabolism of recombinant CHO cells by cell sorting for reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. J Biotechnol 2007; 129:651-7. [PMID: 17374414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the major problems in process performance of mammalian cell cultures is the production of lactic acid. Cell specific glucose uptake rates usually correlate to glucose concentration and approximately 80% of the metabolised glucose is converted into lactic acid. As the mitochondrial membrane potential was shown to correlate to cell specific glucose uptake rates, we used Rhodamine 123, a lipophilic cationic dye for cell sorting to improve the energy metabolism of existing production cell lines. Two recombinant CHO cell lines with known differences in lactic acid production rate were used to evaluate Rhodamine 123 staining as a descriptor for glucose uptake rates and to determine whether it is possible to isolate subclones with altered metabolic properties. Such subclones would exhibit an improved process performance, and in addition could be used as models for genomic and metabolic studies. From the cell line with high lactate production, a subclone sorted for reduced mitochondrial membrane potential was found to have a lower specific lactate formation rate compared to the parental cell line in batch cultures. In addition, the glucose consumption rate was also reduced, while both the growth rate and the final cell concentration were increased. A subclone sorted for high mitochondrial membrane potential, on the other hand, had a higher glucose consumption rate, a higher lactate production rate and reduced growth. The potential of using flow cytometric cell sorting methods based on physiological activity for cell line optimisation is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hinterkörner
- Institute for Applied Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kuystermans D, Krampe B, Swiderek H, Al-Rubeai M. Using cell engineering and omic tools for the improvement of cell culture processes. Cytotechnology 2007; 53:3-22. [PMID: 19003186 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-007-9055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant strides have been made in mammalian cell based biopharmaceutical process and cell line development over the past years. With several established mammalian host cell lines and expression systems, optimization of selection systems to reduce development times and improvement of glycosylation patterns are only some of the advances being made to improve cell culture processes. In this article, the advances pertaining to cell line development and cell engineering strategies are discussed. An overview of the cell engineering strategies to enhance cellular characteristics by genetic manipulation are illustrated, focusing on the use of genomics and proteomics tools and their application in such endeavors. Included in this review are some of the early studies using the 'omic' technique to understand cellular mechanisms of product synthesis and secretion, apoptosis, cell proliferation and the influence of the physicochemical environment. The article highlights the significance of integrating genomics and proteomics data with the vast amounts of bioprocess data for improved analysis of the biological pathways involved. Further improvements of the techniques and methodologies used are needed but ultimately, the new cell engineering strategies should provide great insight into the regulatory networks within the cell in a bioprocess environment and how to manipulate them to increase overall productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darrin Kuystermans
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering and Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Suzuki J, Fukuda M, Kawata S, Maruoka M, Kubo Y, Takeya T, Shishido T. A rapid protein expression and purification system using Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing retrovirus receptor. J Biotechnol 2007; 126:463-74. [PMID: 16766074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Revised: 04/20/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Conventional stable protein expression systems using mammalian cells include a time-consuming step of antibiotic resistance-based cell cloning. Here, we report a rapid flow cytometry-based method for the collection of retrovirus vector-infected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that express desired proteins. The vector carries the genes for green fluorescent protein (GFP), as a marker, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), to express the desired protein as a GST-fusion construct. To render CHO cells susceptible to retrovirus infection, they were forced to express EcoR, the receptor for retroviruses. After infection, cells expressing desired proteins were collected by flow cytometry as a GFP-positive population, and the desired proteins were purified by glutathione affinity chromatography. This method reduces the time required between infection of cells and purification of a desired protein from several months to approximately 2 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sleiman RJ, Gray PP, McCall MN, Codamo J, Sunstrom NAS. Accelerated cell line development using two-color fluorescence activated cell sorting to select highly expressing antibody-producing clones. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 99:578-87. [PMID: 17680677 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The success of engineered monoclonal antibodies as biopharmaceuticals has generated considerable interest in strategies designed to accelerate development of antibody expressing cell lines. Stable mammalian cell lines that express therapeutic antibodies at high levels typically take 6-12 months to develop. Here we describe a novel method to accelerate selection of cells expressing recombinant proteins (e.g., antibodies) using multiparameter fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) in association with dual intracellular autofluorescent reporter proteins. The method is co-factor-independent and does not require complex sample preparation. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) clones expressing high levels of recombinant antibody were selected on the basis of a two-color FACS sorting strategy using heavy and light chain-specific fluorescent reporter proteins. We were able to establish within 12 weeks of transfection cell lines with greater than a 38-fold increase in antibody production when compared to the pool from which they were isolated, following a single round of FACS. The method provides a robust strategy to accelerate selection and characterization of clones and builds a foundation for a predictive model of specific productivity based upon on two-color fluorescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Sleiman
- ACYTE Biotech Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bouquin T, Rasmussen PB, Bertilsson PA, Okkels JS. Regulated readthrough: A new method for the alternative tagging and targeting of recombinant proteins. J Biotechnol 2006; 125:516-28. [PMID: 16682095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2006] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report here a new method for the alternative peptide tagging of recombinant proteins from mammalian cell lines. This method, which we called regulated readthrough, exploits the property of aminoglycoside antibiotics to promote translational readthrough of nonsense codons. The basic expression cassette includes a translational fusion between a gene of interest and a membrane targeting peptide, which are separated by a nonsense codon. In the presence of an aminoglycoside antibiotic, translational readthrough is promoted and results in the targeting of the fusion protein to the cell membrane, thus allowing the efficient flow cytometry-based isolation of cells expressing very high levels of recombinant protein. For downstream applications requiring the production of soluble recombinant protein, the cells are cultured in the absence of aminoglycoside, leading to an efficient translational termination. By combining different translation termination signals that exhibit various susceptibilities to aminoglycoside-mediated translational readthrough with flow cytometry capabilities, it is possible to use this technology for other applications such as functional library screening or monitoring the stability of recombinant protein production.
Collapse
|
44
|
Love JC, Ronan JL, Grotenbreg GM, van der Veen AG, Ploegh HL. A microengraving method for rapid selection of single cells producing antigen-specific antibodies. Nat Biotechnol 2006; 24:703-7. [PMID: 16699501 DOI: 10.1038/nbt1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies that recognize specific antigens of interest are used as therapeutic agents and as tools for biomedical research. Discovering a single monoclonal antibody requires retrieval of an individual hybridoma from polyclonal mixtures of cells producing antibodies with a variety of specificities. The time required to isolate hybridomas by a limiting serial-dilution, however, has restricted the diversity and breadth of available antibodies. Here we present a soft lithographic method based on intaglio printing to generate microarrays comprising the secreted products of single cells. These engraved arrays enable a rapid (<12 h) and high-throughput (>100,000 individual cells) system for identification, recovery and clonal expansion of cells producing antigen-specific antibodies. This method can be adapted, in principle, to detect any secreted product in a multiplexed manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Love
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Butler M. Animal cell cultures: recent achievements and perspectives in the production of biopharmaceuticals. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 68:283-91. [PMID: 15834715 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-1980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2005] [Revised: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There has been a rapid increase in the number and demand for approved biopharmaceuticals produced from animal cell culture processes over the last few years. In part, this has been due to the efficacy of several humanized monoclonal antibodies that are required at large doses for therapeutic use. There have also been several identifiable advances in animal cell technology that has enabled efficient biomanufacture of these products. Gene vector systems allow high specific protein expression and some minimize the undesirable process of gene silencing that may occur in prolonged culture. Characterization of cellular metabolism and physiology has enabled the design of fed-batch and perfusion bioreactor processes that has allowed a significant improvement in product yield, some of which are now approaching 5 g/L. Many of these processes are now being designed in serum-free and animal-component-free media to ensure that products are not contaminated with the adventitious agents found in bovine serum. There are several areas that can be identified that could lead to further improvement in cell culture systems. This includes the down-regulation of apoptosis to enable prolonged cell survival under potentially adverse conditions. The characterization of the critical parameters of glycosylation should enable process control to reduce the heterogeneity of glycoforms so that production processes are consistent. Further improvement may also be made by the identification of glycoforms with enhanced biological activity to enhance clinical efficacy. The ability to produce the ever-increasing number of biopharmaceuticals by animal cell culture is dependent on sufficient bioreactor capacity in the industry. A recent shortfall in available worldwide culture capacity has encouraged commercial activity in contract manufacturing operations. However, some analysts indicate that this still may not be enough and that future manufacturing demand may exceed production capacity as the number of approved biotherapeutics increases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Butler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Buller Building, Winnipeg, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Carroll S, Al-Rubeai M. ACSD labelling and magnetic cell separation: a rapid method of separating antibody secreting cells from non-secreting cells. J Immunol Methods 2005; 296:171-8. [PMID: 15680161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2004.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Revised: 10/13/2004] [Accepted: 11/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Several new ways of selecting cells have recently been developed. These include magnetic separation of cells by labelling with magnetic beads against the recombinant product, gel microdrop technology which encapsulates the cells in gelatine beads and matrix-based secretion assays. Affinity capture surface display (ACSD) is a matrix-based assay for the enrichment of high producing cells and relies on the strong affinity between biotin and avidin derivatives. Matrix-based assays have previously only been used for the enrichment of recombinant cells. Here, we have optimised this assay and developed a method of separating antibody producing cells from non-producing cells in a recombinant myeloma cell line using ACSD combined with MACS magnetic separation. The method is rapid, simple enough to become routine and adaptable to many different secreted products from recombinant mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carroll
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|