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Yang Z, Chen L, Huang Y, Dong J, Yan Q, Li Y, Qiu J, Li H, Zhao D, Liu F, Tang D, Dai Y. Proteomic profiling of laser capture microdissection kidneys from diabetic nephropathy patients. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1243:124231. [PMID: 38996754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains the primary cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), warranting equal attention and separate analysis of glomerular, tubular, and interstitial lesions in its diagnosis and intervention. This study aims to identify the specific proteomics characteristics of DN, and assess changes in the biological processes associated with DN. 5 patients with DN and 5 healthy kidney transplant donor control individuals were selected for analysis. The proteomic characteristics of glomeruli, renal tubules, and renal interstitial tissue obtained through laser capture microscopy (LCM) were studied using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Significantly, the expression of multiple heat shock proteins (HSPs), tubulins, and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) in glomeruli and tubules was significantly reduced. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the glomerulus showed significant enrichment in pathways related to cell junctions and cell movement, including the regulation of actin cytoskeleton and tight junction. DEPs in renal tubules were significantly enriched in glucose metabolism-related pathways, such as glucose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and the citric acid cycle. Moreover, the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway was a co-enrichment pathway in both DN glomeruli and tubules. Notably, ACTB emerged as the most crucial protein in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis of DEPs in both glomeruli and renal tubules. In this study, we delve into the unique proteomic characteristics of each sub-region of renal tissue. This enhances our understanding of the potential pathophysiological changes in DN, particularly the potential involvement of glycolysis metabolic disorder, glomerular cytoskeleton and cell junctions. These insights are crucial for further research into the identification of disease biomarkers and the pathogenesis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People' s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China; Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yingxin Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Nephrology, Xiaolan People's Hospital of Zhongshan, 528400, China
| | - Jingjing Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People' s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China; Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- Department of Organ Transplantation, 924 Hospital, Guilin 541002, China
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People' s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People' s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People' s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Da Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Fanna Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Donge Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People' s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Yong Dai
- Comprehensive Health Industry Research Center, Taizhou Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Taizhou 317000, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China.
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Demirel O, Paar V, Tolnai P, Topf A, Hoppe UC, Lichtenauer M, Mirna M. Heat Shock Protein 70 Constitutes a Promising Novel Biomarker in Differential Diagnosis between Takotsubo Syndrome and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4152. [PMID: 39064192 PMCID: PMC11277720 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Due to similar clinical presentation and a lack of specific biomarkers, initial differentiation between Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) remains challenging in daily practice. Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) is a novel biomarker that is recognized for its potential in the diagnosis and differentiation of cardiovascular conditions. (2) Methods: Data from a total of 156 patients were analyzed (32.1% NSTEMI, 32.7% TTS, and 35.3% controls). Serum concentrations of HSP70 were determined using ELISA and compared between patients and controls. ROC curve analysis, logistic regression analysis and propensity-score-weighted logistic regression were conducted. (3) Results: Concentrations of HSP70 were highest in patients with TTS (median 1727 pg/mL vs. ACS: median 1545 pg/mL vs. controls: median 583 pg/mL, p < 0.0001). HSP70 was predictive for TTS in binary logistic regression analysis (B(SE) = 0.634(0.22), p = 0.004), which even remained significant after correction for possible confounders in propensity-score-weighted analysis. ROC curve analysis also revealed a significant association of HSP70 with TTS (AUC: 0.633, p = 0.008). (4) Conclusions: Based on our findings, HSP70 constitutes a promising biomarker for discrimination between TTS and NSTEMI, especially in combination with established cardiovascular biomarkers like pBNP or high-sensitivity cardiac troponin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Demirel
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (V.P.)
| | - Vera Paar
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (V.P.)
| | - Philipp Tolnai
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (V.P.)
| | - Albert Topf
- Hospital Villach, Department of Internal Medicine, 9500 Villach, Austria
| | - Uta C. Hoppe
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (V.P.)
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (V.P.)
| | - Moritz Mirna
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (V.P.)
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He F, Liu R. Mechanistic insights into phenanthrene-triggered oxidative stress-associated neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, and behavioral disturbances toward the brandling worm (Eisenia fetida) brain: The need for an ecotoxicological evaluation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 450:131072. [PMID: 36857826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, earthworm (Eisenia fetida) brain was chosen as targeted receptors to probe the mechanisms of oxidative stress-related neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, and behavioral disturbances triggered by PHE. Results showed that PHE stress can initiate significant amounts of ROS, thus triggering oxidative stress in E. fetida brain. These effects were accompanied by a significant increase of damage to macromolecules DNA and lipids, resulting in severe oxidative effects. PHE exposure can induce AChE inhibition by ROS-induced injury and the accumulation of excess ACh at the nicotinic post-synaptic membrane, thus inducing aggravated neurological dysfunction and neurotoxicity of E. fetida through an oxidative stress pathway. Moreover, the burrowing behavior of earthworms was disturbed by oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity after exposure to PHE. Furthermore, the abnormal mRNA expression profiles of oxidative stress- and neurotoxicity-related genes in worm brain were induced by PHE stress. The IBR results suggested that E. fetida brain was suffered more serious damage caused by PHE under higher doses and long-term exposure. Taken together, PHE exposure can trigger oxidative stress-mediated neurotoxicity and genotoxicity in worm brain and behavioral disorder through ROS-induced damage. This study is of great significance to evaluate the harmful effects of PHE and its mechanisms on soil ecological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falin He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
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He F, Liu R, Tian G, Qi Y, Wang T. Ecotoxicological evaluation of oxidative stress-mediated neurotoxic effects, genetic toxicity, behavioral disorders, and the corresponding mechanisms induced by fluorene-contaminated soil targeted to earthworm (Eisenia fetida) brain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162014. [PMID: 36740067 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorene is a commonly identified PAH pollutant in soil and exhibits various worrisome hazardous effects to soil organisms. Currently, the toxicity profiles of fluorene on earthworm brain are rare, and the mechanisms and their corresponding pathways involved in fluorene-triggered neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, and behavior changes have not been reported hitherto. Herein, earthworm (Eisenia fetida) brain was chosen as targeted receptor to explore the neurotoxic effects, genetic toxicity, behavioral disorders, and related mechanisms caused by fluorene-induced oxidative stress pathways. The results showed excess fluorene initiated the release of excessive quantities of ROS in earthworm brain, which have caused oxidative stress and accompanied by serious oxidative effects, including LPO (lipid peroxidation) and DNA injury. To minimize the damage effects, the antioxidant defense mechanisms (antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants) were activated, and entailed a decrease of the antioxidant capacity in E. fetida brain, which, in turn, causes further ROS-induced ROS release. Exposure of fluorene induced the abnormal mRNA expression of genes relevant to oxidative stress (e.g., GST, SOD, CAT, GPx, MT, and Hsp70) and neurotoxicity (e.g., H02, C04, D06, and E08) in E. fetida brain. Specifically, fluorene can bind directly to AChE, destroying the conformation of this protein, and even affecting its physiological functions. This occurrence caused the inhibition of AChE activity and excess ACh accumulation at the nicotinic post-synaptic membrane, finally triggering neurotoxicity by activation of pathways related to oxidative stress. Moreover, the avoidance responses and burrowing behavior were obviously disturbed by oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity after exposure to fluorene. The results form IBR suggested more severe poisoning effects to E. fetida brain initiated by high-dose and long-term exposure of fluorene. Among, oxidative stress injury and genotoxic potential are more sensitive endpoint than others. Collectively, fluorene stress can provoke potential neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, and behavioral disturbances targeted to E. fetida brain through the ROS-mediated pathways involving oxidative stress. These findings are of great significance to estimate the detrimental effects of fluorene and the corresponding mechanisms on soil eco-safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falin He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
| | - Guang Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Yuntao Qi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
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Saha A, Ahmed S. The Link Between Heat Shock Proteins, Renin-Angiotensin System, and the Coagulation Cascade in the Pathogenesis of the Coronavirus-19 Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1409:161-171. [PMID: 35882774 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is integral for its successful treatment. METHODS Available literature on the relationship between COVID-19, heat shock proteins (HSP), and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) system were searched and used to hypothesize how HSP can be targeted in COVID-19. RESULTS During SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry, the ACE-2 receptor is downregulated. This leads to the augmentation of angiotensin-2/AT1 receptor axis along with attenuation of the ACE-2/angiotensin1-7/Mas axis. Heat shock proteins are key stabilizing molecules in various pathways.In the heart and vessels, HSP-90 and HSP-60 can facilitate angiotensin-2-mediated myocardial injury and endothelial cell activation. HSP-60-TLR4/CD14 complex formation stabilizes IκB-kinase (IKK) potentiating NF-κB activation. HSPs in lungs and kidneys have antioxidant, vasodilatory, and anti-inflammatory actions and may be protective against the effects of RAAS. Stress-induced HSP-70 has a role in complement-mediated microvascular injury such as has been demonstrated in COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 can induce autophagy via Beclin-1 and ER (endoplasmic reticular) stress via BIP. These two can be potential targets in the HSP environment. CONCLUSION Various HSP molecules can modulate the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) system and thus may have a potential role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Saha
- Department of General Medicine, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Sakir Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India.
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Shen Q, Chen Q, Liu Y, Xue X, Shen X, He Q, Wang G, Han F. Aspirin relieves the calcification of aortic smooth muscle cells by enhancing the heat shock response. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:17-24. [PMID: 34846265 PMCID: PMC8635617 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.2007268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vascular calcification is a major complication of chronic renal failure, which has been identified as an active process partly driven by osteogenic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Aspirin could prevent cardiomyocyte damage by inducing heat shock response. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effect of aspirin on alleviating VSMC calcification. MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro VSMC calcification model was established by 10-day calcification induction in osteogenic medium. VSMCs were grouped as following: control group (normal medium), calcified group (osteogenic medium) and treated group (osteogenic medium with 1 or 4 mmol/L aspirin). VSMC calcification was evaluated by calcified nodules formation, intracellular calcium concentration and osteoblastic marker (OPN and Runx2) expression. RESULTS After 10-day culture, the intracellular calcium concentration in calcified group was significantly higher than that in control group (1.16 ± 0.04 vs. 0.14 ± 0.01 μg/mg, p < 0.01), but significantly reduced in 1 mmol/L aspirin treated group (0.74 ± 0.05 μg/mg, p < 0.01), and 4 mmol/L aspirin treated group (0.93 ± 0.03 μg/mg, p < 0.01). The elevated expression of OPN and Runx2 induced by osteogenic medium was significantly relieved after 1 or 4 mmol/L aspirin treatment. The expression of HSF1, HSP70 and HSP90 was decreased in calcification-induced VSMCs, but significantly increased after treatment of aspirin. Furthermore, inhibition of HSP70 (or HSP90) by small-molecule inhibitor or small interfering RNA could partially abolish the anti-calcification effect of aspirin, proved by the changes of intracellular calcium concentration and osteoblastic marker expression. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Aspirin could relieve the calcification of VSMCs partially through HSP70- or HSP90-mediated heat shock response. These findings expanded the understanding of aspirin pharmacology, and imply that local induction expression of HSPs might be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and therapy of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanquan Shen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guokun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Han
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Yıldırım Ö, Tatar E. The Roles of Heat Shock Protein-60 and 70 and Inflammation in Obesity-Related Kidney Disease. Cureus 2022; 14:e28675. [PMID: 36062294 PMCID: PMC9436442 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The exact mechanisms of obesity-related kidney disease (ORKD) are not fully known. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) may play a role in ORKD mechanisms because of their role in cell apoptosis, cytoprotection, and inflammatory processes. We aimed to determine the role of circulating serum HSP-60 and HSP-70 levels as a biomarker for ORKD. Materials and methods This study included 40 ORKD patients, 40 obese age-matched and sex-matched controls with similar body mass index (BMI), and 40 healthy controls. Their serum biochemical and hemogram parameters as well as HSP-60 and HSP-70 levels were evaluated and compared. Their neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein levels were assessed to define inflammation. Results The patients had significantly higher HSP-60 levels than the obese and healthy controls (537.58 ± 170.35, 430.80 ± 110.61, and 371.85 ± 76.34, respectively; p<0.00). The results revealed that the 24-hour urinary protein levels had a positive correlation (r= 0.544), whereas the glomerular filtration rate had a negative correlation (r = 0.38) with the serum HSP-60 level. According to the regression analysis performed on the HSP-60 and 24-hour urinary protein excretion levels, an increase in the HSP-60 level significantly increased the 24-hour urinary protein excretion rate (r=0.15; p<0.005). The HSP-60 levels were correlated with inflammatory markers Conclusion The serum HSP-60 levels increased in patients with ORKD. This increase was correlated with 24-hour urinary protein excretion. Increased circulating levels of HSP-60 may play a role in the initiation and/or progression of renal damage and inflammation. HSP-60 is a potential biomarker for ORKD. However, additional information and studies are required to further elucidate this finding.
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Ye T, Yang L, Shen Y, Li H. Ferroptosis Signaling and Regulators in Atherosclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:809457. [PMID: 34977044 PMCID: PMC8716792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.809457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke. Abnormal lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation are the main features of AS. Ferroptosis is an iron-driven programmed cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation, which have been proved to participate in the development and progression of AS by different signal pathways. NRF2-Keap1 pathway decreases ferroptosis associated with AS by maintaining cellular iron homeostasis, increasing the production glutathione, GPX4 and NADPH. The p53 plays different roles in ferroptosis at different stages of AS in a transcription-dependent and transcription- independent manner. The Hippo pathway is involved in progression of AS, which has been proved the activation of ferroptosis. Other transcription factors, such as ATF3, ATF4, STAT3, also involved in the occurrence of ferroptosis and AS. Certain proteins or enzymes also have a regulatory role in AS and ferroptosis. In this paper, we review the mechanism of ferroptosis and its important role in AS in an attempt to find a new relationship between ferroptosis and AS and provide new ideas for the future treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Yanna Shen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Bosmans LA, Bosch L, Kusters PJH, Lutgens E, Seijkens TTP. The CD40-CD40L Dyad as Immunotherapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 14:13-22. [PMID: 32222950 PMCID: PMC7892683 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-09994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation drives the development of atherosclerosis. Despite optimal treatment of classical cardiovascular risk factors, a substantial portion of the population has elevated inflammatory biomarkers and develops atherosclerosis-related complications, indicating that a residual inflammatory risk drives atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in these patients. Additional anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies are therefore required. The co-stimulatory molecule CD40 and its ligand CD40L (CD154) have a central role in the regulation of the inflammatory response during the development of atherosclerosis by modulating the interaction between immune cells and between immune cells and non-immune cells. In this review, we discuss the role of the CD40-CD40L dyad in atherosclerosis, and we discuss recent studies on the therapeutic potential of novel CD40-CD40L targeting strategies in cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Bosmans
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Bosch
- Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal J H Kusters
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Tom T P Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Forouzanfar F, Butler AE, Banach M, Barreto GE, Sahbekar A. Modulation of heat shock proteins by statins. Pharmacol Res 2018; 134:134-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhao ZW, Zhang M, Chen LY, Gong D, Xia XD, Yu XH, Wang SQ, Ou X, Dai XY, Zheng XL, Zhang DW, Tang CK. Heat shock protein 70 accelerates atherosclerosis by downregulating the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 through the JNK/Elk-1 pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:806-822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
The development of stress drives a host of biological responses that include the overproduction of a family of proteins named heat shock proteins (HSPs), because they were initially studied after heat exposure. HSPs are evolutionarily preserved proteins with a high degree of interspecies homology. HSPs are intracellular proteins that also have extracellular expression. The primary role of HSPs is to protect cell function by preventing irreversible protein damage and facilitating molecular traffic through intracellular pathways. However, in addition to their chaperone role, HSPs are immunodominant molecules that stimulate natural as well as disease-related immune reactivity. The latter may be a consequence of molecular mimicry, generating cross-reactivity between human HSPs and the HSPs of infectious agents. Autoimmune reactivity driven by HSPs could also be the result of enhancement of the immune response to peptides generated during cellular injury and of their role in the delivery of peptides to the major histocompatibility complex in antigen-presenting cells. In humans, HSPs have been found to participate in the pathogenesis of a large number of diseases. This review is focused on the role of HSPs in atherosclerosis and essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rodríguez-Iturbe
- 1 Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC-Zulia), Nephrology Service Hospital Universitario, Universidad del Zulia , Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - R J Johnson
- 2 Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO, USA
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Mohammadi A, Vahabzadeh Z, Jamalzadeh S, Khalili T. Trimethylamine-N-oxide, as a risk factor for atherosclerosis, induces stress in J774A.1 murine macrophages. Adv Med Sci 2018; 63:57-63. [PMID: 28822264 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a biomarker for kidney problems. It has also been introduced as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. The classic risk factors for atherosclerosis trigger cellular and humeral immunoreaction in macrophages through induction of heat shock protein expressions and increased levels of GRP94 and HSP70 are associated with increased atherosclerosis risk. The present study evaluated the possible effect(s) of TMAO on the expression of GRP94 and HSP70 at protein levels. METHODS J774A.1 murine macrophages were treated with different micromolar concentrations of TMAO and 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA), a chemical chaperone, for 8, 18, 24, and 48h intervals. Tunicamycin was also used as a control for induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of GRP94 and HSP70 in macrophages at protein levels. RESULT Tunicamycin greatly increased protein levels of GRP94. Similarly, but to a lesser extent compared to tunicamycin, TMAO also increased GRP94. In 24h treated cells, only 300μM of TMAO, and in cells treated for 48h, all doses of TMAO produced a significant increase in relative HSP70 protein levels compared to the control. PBA failed to induce any changes in GRP94 or HSP70 protein levels. CONCLUSION GRP94 and HSP70 are stress-inducible heat shock protein, so the elevation in J774A.1 murine macrophages can clearly define cells under stress and elucidate the contribution of stress induced by TMAO that may have a part in the abnormal activation of macrophages involved in foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zakaria Vahabzadeh
- Liver & Digestive Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Soran Jamalzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Tahereh Khalili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Hansmeier N, Buttigieg J, Kumar P, Pelle S, Choi KY, Kopriva D, Chao TC. Identification of Mature Atherosclerotic Plaque Proteome Signatures Using Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2017; 17:164-176. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hansmeier
- Department
of Biology/Chemistry, Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Josef Buttigieg
- Department
of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department
of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Shaneen Pelle
- Department
of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Kyoo Yoon Choi
- Department
of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - David Kopriva
- Regina Qu’Appelle Health Region and University of Saskatchewan, 1440-14th Avenue, Regina, Saskatchewan S4P 0W5, Canada
| | - Tzu-Chiao Chao
- Department
of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
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Sosnowska B, Mazidi M, Penson P, Gluba-Brzózka A, Rysz J, Banach M. The sirtuin family members SIRT1, SIRT3 and SIRT6: Their role in vascular biology and atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2017; 265:275-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Korkmaz S, Korkmaz H. Effect of alterations in apoptotic pathway on development of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:1549-1557. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Korkmaz
- Trakya University Faculty of Medicine; Department of Dermatology; Edirne Turkey
| | - H. Korkmaz
- Edirne Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease; Edirne Turkey
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17
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Camargo AB, Manucha W. Potential protective role of nitric oxide and Hsp70 linked to functional foods in the atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artere.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Camargo AB, Manucha W. Potencial rol protector del óxido nítrico y Hsp70 asociado a alimentos funcionales en la aterosclerosis. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2017; 29:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Xie F, Zhan R, Yan LC, Gong JB, Zhao Y, Ma J, Qian LJ. Diet-induced elevation of circulating HSP70 may trigger cell adhesion and promote the development of atherosclerosis in rats. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:907-14. [PMID: 27435079 PMCID: PMC5003808 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although accumulating evidence indicates that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) could be secreted into plasma and its levels have been found to have an ambiguous association with atherosclerosis, our knowledge for the exact role of circulating HSP70 in the development of atherosclerosis is still limited. In the present study, we report an adhesion-promoting effect of exogenous HSP70 and evaluate the potential involvement of elevated circulating HSP70 in the development of atherosclerosis. Time-dependent elevation of plasma HSP70 was found in diet-induced atherosclerotic rats, whose effect was investigated through further in vitro experiments. In rat aortic endothelial cell (RAEC) cultures, exogenous HSP70 incubation neither produced cell injuries by itself nor had protective effects on cell injuries caused by Ox-LDL or homocysteine. However, exogenous HSP70 administration could lead to a higher adhesion rate between rat peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) and RAECs. This adhesion-promoting effect appeared only when PBMCs, rather than RAECs, were pretreated with HSP70 incubation. PBMCs in an HSP70 environment released more IL-6 to supernatant, which subsequently up-regulated the expression of ICAM-1 in RAECs. These results indicate that the diet-induced elevation of circulating HSP70 could trigger cell adhesion with the help of IL-6 as a mediator, which provides a novel possible mechanism for understanding the role of circulating HSP70 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- Department of Stress Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, #27 Taiping Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhan
- Department of Stress Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, #27 Taiping Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Cheng Yan
- Department of Stress Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, #27 Taiping Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Bo Gong
- Department of Stress Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, #27 Taiping Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Stress Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, #27 Taiping Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Stress Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, #27 Taiping Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Jia Qian
- Department of Stress Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, #27 Taiping Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China.
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Tsybikov NN, Egorova EV, Kuznik BI, Fefelova EV, Magen E. Heat shock protein 70 and anti-heat shock protein 70 antibodies in nasal secretions of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY 2016; 7:14-20. [PMID: 27103555 PMCID: PMC4837129 DOI: 10.2500/ar.2016.7.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The issue of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and anti-HSP70 antibodies in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has never been explored. OBJECTIVE To determine the nasal secretion (NS) levels of HSP70 and anti-HSP70 antibodies in patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and patients with CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and to evaluate their associations with CRS clinical severity and correlation with NS interleukin (IL), IL-5 and interferon λ. METHODS CRS severity was determined by Lund-Mackay scores. Levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), IL-4, IL-5, interferon λ, HSP70, and anti-HSP70 antibody levels in NS were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Forty-six patients with CRSsNP (25 women [54.3%] and 21 men [45.7%], mean [standard deviation {SD}]) age, 34.1 ± 12.3 years; 54 patients with CRSwNP (24 women [44.4%] and 30 men [55.6%], mean [SD] age, 37.9 ± 17.5 years). A group of 40 healthy subjects served as controls. Compared with the controls (with a mean [SD] NS HSP70 level of 0.05 ± 0.03 μg/mL), mean [SD] NS HSP70 levels in both the CRSsNP group (0.16 ± 0.07 μg/mL) and CRSwNP group (0.21 ± 0.10 μg/mL) were increased (p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean (SD) NS anti-HSP70 antibody levels were significantly higher in patients with CRSwNP (0.25 ± 0.09 optical density value [ODV]) compared with CRSsNP (0.13 ± 0.04 ODV) (p < 0.001) and healthy controls (0.14 ± 0.02 ODV) (p < 0.001). NS HSP70 in subjects with CRSwNP showed a significant positive correlation with the Lund-Mackay score (r = 0.31; p < 0.05). NS levels of either HSP70 or anti-HSP70 antibodies were strongly correlated with NS IL-4 in the CRSwNP group (r = 0.62, p < 0.001; and r = 0.69, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION NS concentrations of HSP70 and secretory IgA anti HSP70 antibodies are increased in CRSwNP (but not in CRSsNP) and correlate positively with the Lund-Mackay score, NS IL-4, and NS IL-5.
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Endothelial nitric oxide synthase induces heat shock protein HSPA6 (HSP70B') in human arterial smooth muscle cells. Nitric Oxide 2015; 52:41-8. [PMID: 26656590 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is the major source of nitric oxide (NO) production in blood vessels. One of the pleitropic functions of eNOS derived NO is to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in the blood vessel wall, and whose dysfunction is a primary cause of atherosclerosis and restenosis. In this study there was an interest in examining the gene profile of eNOS adenoviral (Ad-eNOS) transduced human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC) to further understand the eNOS inhibitory effect on smooth muscle cell proliferation. To this aim a whole genome wide analysis of eNOS transduced HCASMCs was performed. A total of 19 genes were up regulated, and 31 genes down regulated in Ad-eNOS transduced HCASMCs compared to cells treated with an empty adenovirus. Noticeably, a cluster of HSP70 gene family members was amongst the genes up regulated. Quantitative PCR confirmed that transcripts for HSPA1A (HSP70A), HSPA1B (HSP70B) and HSPA6 (HSP70B') were elevated 2, 1.7 and 14-fold respectively in Ad-eNOS treated cells. The novel gene HSPA6 was further explored as a potential mediator of eNOS signaling in HCASMC. Immunoblotting showed that HSPA6 protein was induced by Ade-NOS. To functionally examine the effect of HSPA6 on SMCs, an adenovirus harboring the HSPA6 gene under the control of a constitutive promoter was generated. Transduction of HCASMCs with Ad-HSPA6 inhibited SMC proliferation at 3 and 6 days post serum growth stimulation, and paralleled the Ad-eNOS inhibition of SMC growth. The identification in this study that HSPA6 overexpression inhibits SMC proliferation coupled with the recent finding that inhibition of HSP90 has a similar effect, progresses the field of targeting HSPs for vascular repair.
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Kang JW, Kim SJ, Cho HI, Lee SM. DAMPs activating innate immune responses in sepsis. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:54-65. [PMID: 25816752 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis refers to the deleterious and non-resolving systemic inflammatory response of the host to microbial infection and is the leading cause of death in intensive care units. The pathogenesis of sepsis is highly complex. It is principally attributable to dysregulation of the innate immune system. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are actively secreted by innate immune cells and/or released passively by injured or damaged cells in response to infection or injury. In the present review, we highlight emerging evidence that supports the notion that extracellular DAMPs act as crucial proinflammatory danger signals. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of a wide array of DAMPs as therapeutic targets in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Woo Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746 South Korea
| | - So-Jin Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746 South Korea
| | - Hong-Ik Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746 South Korea
| | - Sun-Mee Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746 South Korea.
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23
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Nahas EAP, Nahas-Neto J, Orsatti CL, Tardivo AP, Uemura G, Peraçoli MTS, Witkin SS. The 60- and 70-kDa heat-shock proteins and their correlation with cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:559-68. [PMID: 24327239 PMCID: PMC4041947 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association between circulating levels of 60 and 70 kDa heat-shock proteins (HSP60 and 70) and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS). This cross-sectional study included 311 Brazilian women (age ≥45 years with amenorrhea ≥12 months). Women showing three or more of the following diagnostic criteria were diagnosed with MetS: waist circumference (WC) ≥88 cm, blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) <50 mg/dl, and glucose ≥100 mg/dl. Clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters were collected. HSP60, HSP70, antibodies to HSP60 and HSP70, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured in serum. Student's t test, Kruskal-Wallis test, chi-square test, and Pearson correlation were used for statistical analysis. Of the 311 women, 30.9 % (96/311) were diagnosed with MetS. These women were, on average, obese with abdominal fat deposition and had lower HDL values as well as higher triglycerides and glucose levels. Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistant (HOMA-IR) test values in these women were compatible with insulin resistance (P < 0.05). CRP and HSP60 concentrations were higher in women with MetS than in women without MetS (P < 0.05). HSP60, anti-HSP70, and CRP concentrations increased with the number of features indicative of MetS (P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between anti-HSP70 and WC, blood pressure and HOMA-IR, and between CRP and WC, blood pressure, glucose, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides (P < 0.05). In postmenopausal women, serum HSP60 and anti-HSP70 concentrations increased with accumulating features of the metabolic syndrome. These results suggest a greater immune activation that is associated with cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana A P Nahas
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil,
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Association of plasma IL-6 and Hsp70 with HRV at different levels of PAHs metabolites. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92964. [PMID: 24722336 PMCID: PMC3982957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with reduced heart rate variability (HRV), a strong predictor of cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanism is not well understood. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that PAHs might induce systemic inflammation and stress response, contributing to altered cardiac autonomic function. METHODS HRV indices were measured using a 3-channel digital Holter monitor in 800 coke oven workers. Plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) were determined using ELISA. Twelve urinary PAHs metabolites (OH-PAHs) were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS We found that significant dose-dependent relationships between four urinary OH-PAHs and IL-6 (all Ptrend<0.05); and an increase in quartiles of IL-6 was significantly associated with a decrease in total power (TP) and low frequency (LF) (Ptrend = 0.014 and 0.006, respectively). In particular, elevated IL-6 was associated in a dose-dependent manner with decreased TP and LF in the high-PAHs metabolites groups (all Ptrend<0.05), but not in the low-PAHs metabolites groups. No significant association between Hsp70 and HRV in total population was found after multivariate adjustment. However, increased Hsp70 was significantly associated with elevated standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), TP and LF in the low-PAHs metabolites groups (all Ptrend<0.05). We also observed that both IL-6 and Hsp70 significantly interacted with multiple PAHs metabolites in relation to HRV. CONCLUSIONS In coke oven workers, increased IL-6 was associated with a dose-response decreased HRV in the high-PAHs metabolites groups, whereas increase of Hsp70 can result in significant dose-related increase in HRV in the low-PAHs metabolites groups.
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Pedrycz A, Siermontowski P. Influence of L-arginine on expression of HSP70 and p-53 proteins - early biomarkers of cellular danger in renal tubular cells. Immunohistochemical assessment. Arch Med Sci 2013; 9:719-23. [PMID: 24049535 PMCID: PMC3776190 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2013.37273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to investigate expression of HSP70 and p-53 proteins as mechanisms of protection of the renal tubular epithelial cells from l-arginine that induces cellular stress. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study material consisted of 16 white Wistar female rats. The rats were divided into 2 equal groups. The rats in the experimental group received L-arginine 40 mg/kg body weight per capita every other day for 2 weeks and were decapitated after 3 weeks of the experiment. After decapitation, specimens from the kidney were collected, fixed in 10% formalin, and then embedded in paraffin blocks. Proteins HSP70 and p-53 on slides were detected using the standard three-step immunohistochemical method. RESULTS The quantitative evaluation of HSP70 and p-53 expression showed that the area occupied with positive HSP70 and p-53 reaction in the rat renal tubular cells of the experimental group (p-53: 2835.44 ±254.72 µm(2); HSP70: 24111.42 ±4290.88 µm(2)) was more statistically significant than the control group (p-53: 1882.05 ±466.43 µm(2); HSP70: 11388.63 ±1455.24 µm(2)). In the present study, the dose of L-arginine was similar to the one that was used in the gestosis treatment of pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS The renal epithelial cells responded to L-arginine therapy, increasing expression of HSP70 and p-53 proteins. The study showed that L-arginine as a donor of exogenous nitric oxide has a disruptive effect on the renal tubular cells of rat kidneys. Thus it is going to be a subject of the author's future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pedrycz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Siermontowski
- Maritime and Hyperbaric Medicine Department, Military Medicine Institute, Gdynia, Poland
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Maeda T, Guan JZ, Koyanagi M, Makino N. Alterations in the telomere length distribution and the subtelomeric methylation status in human vascular endothelial cells under elevated temperature in culture condition. Aging Clin Exp Res 2013; 25:231-8. [PMID: 23740586 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-013-0045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Temperature-associated alteration in the telomere lengths of vascular endothelial cells has not been well investigated. Telomere length of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured at a high temperature (42 °C) was analyzed. Here described are heat-associated phenotypical alterations of human vascular endothelial cell under prolonged heat stress in terms of telomere length, telomerase activity, and the expression of telomere associated proteins and heat shock proteins. The genomic DNA extracted from HUVECs cultured for 3 days under 42 °C was digested with methylation-sensitive and -insensitive isoschizomers and was subjected to genomic Southern blot probed with a telomere DNA fragment. Their telomere lengths and telomere length distributions were analyzed. Telomerase activity and the expressions of telomere-associated RNA, telomere-associated proteins (TERC, TERT, TRF1, and TRF2), and heat shock proteins (Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90) were also analyzed. At 42 °C, cell growth was suppressed and the cell senescence rate was transiently elevated. A proportional decrease in the number of long telomeres was observed transiently at 42 °C. A trend of subtelomeric hypomethylation and lowered telomerase activity were observed at 42 °C after 3-day culture. The altered phenotypes on day 1 seemed reactive responses for cell protection to heat, and those on day 3 seemed exhausted reactions after 3-day culture. Maintained expression was observed in Hsps, TRF2, and TERC. These altered phenotypes might contribute to cell-survival under prolonged heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoki Maeda
- The Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Geriatric Disease, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Oita, 874-0838, Japan.
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Wei JM, Wang X, Gong H, Shi YJ, Zou Y. Ginkgo suppresses atherosclerosis through downregulating the expression of connexin 43 in rabbits. Arch Med Sci 2013; 9:340-6. [PMID: 23671447 PMCID: PMC3648825 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2013.34416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) EGb761 is widely used for cardiovascular prevention. Here, we investigated the effects of GBE on atherosclerotic lesion development in rabbits with a high-fat diet. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty New Zealand white male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. The first two were the normal diet group (C) and the high-fat group (HF). The remaining two groups were those who received a high cholesterol diet supplemented with either the standard drug (simvastatin 2 mg/kg/day) or GBE (3 mg/kg/day). At 12 weeks, histopathological and chemical analyses were performed. RESULTS Plasma lipid measurement showed that GBE inhibited high-fat diet-induced increase of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 59.1% (0.9 ±0.2 4 mmol/l vs. 2.2 ±0.4 mmol/l), 18.2% (31.1 ±1.4 mmol/l vs. 38.0 ±0.4 mmol/l) and 15% (28.9 ±1.3 mmol/l vs. 34.0±1.0 mmol/l), respectively, at 12 weeks (p < 0.01). The en face Sudan IV-positive lesion area of the aorta in the GBE group (51.7 ±3.1%) was significantly lower compared with that in the HF group (88.2 ±2.2%; p < 0.01). The mean atherosclerotic lesion area of the GBE group was reduced by 53.2% compared with the HF group (p < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis showed that GBE markedly suppressed high-fat diet-induced upregulation of connexin 43 (Cx43) in rabbits (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Thus, our study revealed that GBE prevented atherosclerosis progress through modulating plasma lipid, suppressing atherosclerotic lesion development, and attenuating the expression of Cx43 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ming Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Jun Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chalubinski M, Wojdan K, Dorantowicz R, Jackowska P, Gorzelak P, Broncel M. Comprehensive insight into immune regulatory mechanisms and vascular wall determinants of atherogenesis - emerging perspectives of immunomodulation. Arch Med Sci 2013; 9:159-65. [PMID: 23515919 PMCID: PMC3598149 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2013.33355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years atherosclerosis was believed to be the passive accumulation of cholesterol in vessel walls. Today the picture is more complex, as immune processes occur in atherogenesis. Considerable attention is focused on the particular role of adaptive immune responses orchestrated by T cell subsets. Since the role of Th1/Th2 balance and Th1 cell domination in atherogenesis is already known, the involvement of regulatory T lymphocytes and recently described Th17 cells raises new concerns. On one hand, each of these cells may specifically drive responses of vascular wall tissues and immune cells; however, they are subject to the control of a plethora of tissue- and pathogen-derived agents. Due to ineffective tissue regeneration, remodeling of the vascular wall occurs. The understanding of the immune regulatory network gives perspectives of innovative immunomodulatory therapies of atherosclerosis and the prevention of its complications, such as coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Chalubinski
- Laboratory of Tissue Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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Heat shock proteins: pathogenic role in atherosclerosis and potential therapeutic implications. Autoimmune Dis 2012; 2012:502813. [PMID: 23304456 PMCID: PMC3530228 DOI: 10.1155/2012/502813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a highly conserved group of proteins that are constitutively expressed and function as molecular chaperones, aiding in protein folding and preventing the accumulation of misfolded proteins. In the arterial wall, HSPs have a protective role under normal physiologic conditions. In disease states, however, HSPs expressed on the vascular endothelial cell surface can act as targets for detrimental autoimmunity due to their highly conserved sequences. Developing therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis based on HSPs is challenged by the need to balance such physiologic and pathologic roles of these proteins. This paper summarizes the role of HSPs in normal vascular wall processes as well as in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The potential implications of HSPs in clinical therapies for atherosclerosis are also discussed.
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Ngalame NNO, Micciche AF, Feil ME, States JC. Delayed temporal increase of hepatic Hsp70 in ApoE knockout mice after prenatal arsenic exposure. Toxicol Sci 2012; 131:225-33. [PMID: 22956628 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal arsenic exposure accelerates atherosclerosis in ApoE(-/-) mice by unknown mechanism. Arsenic is a hepatotoxicant, and liver disease increases atherosclerosis risk. Prenatal arsenic exposure may predispose to liver disease by priming for susceptibility to other environmental insults. Earlier microarray analyses showed prenatal arsenic exposure increased Hsc70 (HspA8) and Hsp70 (HspA1a) mRNAs in livers of 10-week-old mice. We determined effects of prenatal arsenic exposure on hepatic Hsp70 and Hsc70 expression by Western blot and on DNA methylation by methyl acceptance assay during prenatal and postnatal development. Pregnant ApoE(-/-) mice were given drinking water containing 85 mg/l NaAsO(2) (49 ppm arsenic) from gestation day (GD) 8 to 18. Hsp70 and Hsc70 expression and DNA methylation were determined in GD18 fetuses and 3-, 10-, and 24-week-old mice. Hsc70 expression was unchanged at all ages. Hsp70 induction was observed at 3 and 10 weeks, but was unchanged in GD18 fetuses and 24-week livers of mice. Global DNA methylation increased with age; arsenic had no effects. Bisulfite sequencing of DNA from livers of 10-week-old mice showed Hsp70 promoter region methylation was unchanged, but methylation was increased within the transcribed region. Hsf1 and Nrf2 nuclear translocation were investigated as potential mechanisms of Hsp70 induction and found unaltered. Putative binding sites were identified in HSP70 for in utero arsenic exposure-suppressed microRNAs suggesting a possible mechanism. Thus, prenatal arsenic exposure causes delayed temporal hepatic Hsp70 induction, suggesting a transient state of stress in livers which can predispose the mice to developing liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntube N O Ngalame
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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31
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Hrira MY, Chkioua L, Slimani A, Chahed H, Mosbah H, Khaldoun HB, Ferchichi S, Addad F, Miled A. Hsp70-2 gene polymorphism: susceptibility implication in Tunisian patients with coronary artery disease. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:88. [PMID: 22834788 PMCID: PMC3558340 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial disease where genetic and environmental factors interact in complex ways to cause the disease. Heat shock protein genes are involved in the progress of CAD. This implies that genetic variants of Hsp70–2 genes might contribute to the development of the CAD. Aim of study The aim of this study was to characterize statistical correlation of linkage between lipid profiles, polymorphism PstI site of Hsp70–2 gene and CAD. Patients and methods This study was carried out on Tunisian patients with CAD recruited from Hospital of Fattouma Bourguiba of Monastir-Tunisia. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzymes were used to determine the genotypic distributions in 252 unrelated patients and 151 healthy control subjects. Further, ApoA-I and ApoB as well as the serum total of cholesterol, HDL, triglyceride, and hs-CRP levels were measured. Results We showed a decreased level of ApoA-I, whereas the levels of each of ApoB and hs-CRP were increased in patients with CAD compared with control group. In addition our studies of a polymorphic PstI site of Hsp70-2 gene at position 1267 of the Hsp70–2 gene have revealed that the allelic frequency of P2 was significantly more frequent in CAD patients than controls group (p=0.007, OR=1.495). The genotypic distribution showed a high incidence of P2/P2 genotype in CAD patients (0.190) compared to healthy control (0.009) with reach significant difference (p=0.006). The P2 carriers showed a significantly increased of Total-Cholesterol (CT) and C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in CAD patients (p=0.008 and p=0.018, respectively). Conclusion The high incidence of P2-Hsp70-2 genotype in CAD patients and the significantly association of P2/P2 genotype with elevated Total Cholesterol and hs-CRP levels, supported that P2–Hsp70–2 genotype has susceptibility implication in CAD and could increased the risk of CAD in Tunisian population. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1118340895703689
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Dulin E, García-Barreno P, Guisasola MC. Genetic variations of HSPA1A, the heat shock protein levels, and risk of atherosclerosis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:507-16. [PMID: 22328194 PMCID: PMC3368027 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
HSPA1A is a serum and intracellular heat shock protein with antiapoptotic and antithrombotic properties. The present study examines the hypothesis that a decrease in the synthesis of this protein in relation to certain polymorphisms of the regulatory region of the HSPA1A gene can define a vascular disease risk phenotype. A randomly selected population was studied and stratified into groups according to the degree of vascular risk. After applying the Task Force Chart to 452 people, the subjects were divided into three groups: group 0 (no vascular risk factor or risk < 5%), n = 239; group 1 (moderate (10-20%) risk, with no clinical cardiovascular disease), n = 161; and group 2 (overt atherosclerosis), n = 52. Serum and intragranulocytic HSPA1A was quantified, and direct Sanger sequencing was performed in all subjects. An analysis was made of the association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (db rs1008438 -110A/C and db rs1043618 +190 G/C) with circulating and intragranulocytic HSPA1A and the risk of atherosclerosis. The atherosclerotic subjects showed significantly lower circulating HSPA1A levels than the other groups, regardless of the genotype. The patients with CC genotype for both polymorphisms showed significantly lower intragranulocytic HSPA1A levels than the other genotypes. Serum HSPA1A concentrations could be proposed as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease. CC homozygosis for polymorphisms db rs1008438 and db rs1043618 is associated with a decrease in the intragranulocytic production of HSPA1A. Given the antiatherogenic functions of intracellular HSPA1A, the -110A and +190 G alleles could constitute potential genetic biomarkers of a less severe clinical phenotype for the risk of developing atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dulin
- Biochemistry Department, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañón”, Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro García-Barreno
- Experimental Medical & Surgery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañón”, Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria C. Guisasola
- Experimental Medical & Surgery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañón”, Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
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Kanwar RK, Chaudhary R, Tsuzuki T, Kanwar JR. Emerging engineered magnetic nanoparticulate probes for molecular MRI of atherosclerosis: how far have we come? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:899-916. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive, immunoinflammatory disease of the large and medium-sized arteries, and a major cause of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis often progresses silently for decades until the occurrence of a major catastrophic clinical event such as myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest and stroke. The main challenge in the diagnosis and management of atherosclerosis is to develop a safe, noninvasive technique that is accurate and reproducible, which can detect the biologically active high-risk vulnerable plaques (with ongoing active inflammation, angiogenesis and apoptosis) before the occurrence of an acute clinical event. This article reviews the events involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in light of recently advanced understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. Next, we elaborate on the interesting developments in molecular MRI, by describing the recently engineered magnetic nanoparticulate probes targeting clinically promising molecular and cellular players/processes, involved in early atherosclerotic lesion formation to plaque rupture and erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupinder K Kanwar
- Nanomedicine, Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Biomedical Research (LIMBR), Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Rajneesh Chaudhary
- Nanomaterials, Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Takuya Tsuzuki
- Nanomaterials, Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Jagat R Kanwar
- Nanomedicine, Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Biomedical Research (LIMBR), Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
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Conway EM. Thrombomodulin and its role in inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 34:107-25. [PMID: 21805323 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-011-0282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The goal is to provide an extensive review of the physiologic role of thrombomodulin (TM) in maintaining vascular homeostasis, with a focus on its anti-inflammatory properties. Data were collected from published research. TM is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of all vascular endothelial cells. Expression of TM is tightly regulated to maintain homeostasis and to ensure a rapid and localized hemostatic and inflammatory response to injury. By virtue of its strategic location, its multidomain structure and complex interactions with thrombin, protein C (PC), thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), complement components, the Lewis Y antigen, and the cytokine HMGB1, TM exhibits a range of physiologically important anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, and anti-fibrinolytic properties. TM is an essential cofactor that impacts on multiple biologic processes. Alterations in expression of TM and its partner proteins may be manifest by inflammatory and thrombotic disorders. Administration of soluble forms of TM holds promise as effective therapies for inflammatory diseases, and infections and malignancies that are complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward M Conway
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Blood Research (CBR), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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35
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Barylski M, Małyszko J, Rysz J, Myśliwiec M, Banach M. Lipids, blood pressure, kidney - what was new in 2011? Arch Med Sci 2011; 7:1055-66. [PMID: 22328891 PMCID: PMC3265000 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2011.26620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The year 2011 was very interesting regarding new studies, trials and guidelines in the field of lipidology, hypertensiology and nephrology. Suffice it to mention the new European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) guidelines on the management of dyslipidaemias, American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines on hypertension in the elderly, and many important trials presented among others during the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) Annual Congress in Philadelphia and the AHA Annual Congress in Orlando. The paper is an attempt to summarize the most important events and reports in the mentioned areas in the passing year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Barylski
- Department of Internal Diseases and Cardiological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Małyszko
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Myśliwiec
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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Changchun H, Haijin Z, Wenjun L, Zhenyu L, Dan Z, Laiyu L, Wancheng T, Shao-xi C, Fei Z. Increased heat shock protein 70 levels in induced sputum and plasma correlate with severity of asthma patients. Cell Stress Chaperones 2011; 16:663-71. [PMID: 21643870 PMCID: PMC3220390 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular pattern molecules such as high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. The aim of our study was to examine the induced sputum and plasma concentrations of HSP70 in asthmatic patients to determine their relationship with airway obstruction. Thirty-four healthy controls and 56 patients with persistent bronchial asthma matched for gender and age were enrolled in this study. Spirometry measurements were performed before sputum induction. HSP70 levels in induced sputum and plasma were measured using the ELISA Kit. Sputum and plasma concentrations of HSP70 in asthmatics patients were significantly higher than that in control subjects (sputum, (0.88 ng/ml (0.27-1.88 ng/ml) versus 0.42 ng/ml (0.18-0.85 ng/ml), p < 0.001); plasma, (0.46 ng/ml (0.20-0.98 ng/ml) versus 0.14 ng/ml (0.11-0.37 ng/ml), p < 0.001) and were significantly negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1 (percent predicted), and FEV1/FVC in all 90 participants and 56 patients with asthma. There were no significant differences in HSP70 levels between patients with eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthma. HSP70 levels in plasma were positively correlated with neutrophil count, and HSP70 levels in induced sputum were positively correlated with lymphocyte count. In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of sputum HSP70 were diseases and disease severity but not smoking, age, or gender, and independent predictors of plasma HSP70 were also diseases and disease severity. In conclusion, this study indicates that induced sputum and plasma HSP70 could serve as a useful marker for assessing the degree of airway obstruction in patients with asthma. However, further investigation is needed to establish the role of circulating and sputum HSP70 in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou Changchun
- Department of Respiration, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Zhao Haijin
- Department of Respiration, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Li Wenjun
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Liang Zhenyu
- Department of Respiration, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Zhang Dan
- Department of Respiration, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Liu Laiyu
- Department of Respiration, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Tong Wancheng
- Department of Respiration, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Cai Shao-xi
- Department of Respiration, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Zou Fei
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
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Sandu N, Abdulazim A, Spiriev T, Arasho B, Schaller B. The role of the immunoinflammatory response after cardiac arrest. Arch Med Sci 2011; 7:570-1. [PMID: 22291789 PMCID: PMC3258775 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2011.24122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Sandu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Paris, France
| | - Amr Abdulazim
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Toma Spiriev
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Paris, France
| | - Belachew Arasho
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, University of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Almeida MB, do Nascimento JLM, Herculano AM, Crespo-López ME. Molecular chaperones: Toward new therapeutic tools. Biomed Pharmacother 2011; 65:239-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2011.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Krepuska M, Szeberin Z, Sótonyi P, Sarkadi H, Fehérvári M, Apor A, Rimely E, Prohászka Z, Acsády G. Serum level of soluble Hsp70 is associated with vascular calcification. Cell Stress Chaperones 2011; 16:257-65. [PMID: 21046302 PMCID: PMC3077222 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-010-0237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been previously reported that serum levels of 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) are elevated in peripheral artery disease. The aim of the present study was to examine whether increased serum Hsp70 levels are related to the extent of arterial calcification and standard laboratory parameters of patients with peripheral artery disease, as well as to markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein), atherosclerosis (homocysteine), and calcification (fetuin-a). One hundred eighty chronic atherosclerotic patients with significant carotid stenosis and/or lower extremity vascular disease were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Systemic atherosclerosis and calcification was assessed by ultrasound (carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), presence of calcification at the abdominal aorta, carotid and femoral bifurcations, and aortic and mitral cardiac valves). Standard serum markers of inflammation, diabetes, renal function, ankle-brachial indexes, and traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis were noted. Serum Hsp70 levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Standard laboratory parameters (clinical chemistry), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine levels were determined by an autoanalyzer using the manufacturer's kits. Fetuin-a levels were measured by radial immunodiffusion. Patients' median age was 64 (57-71) years, 69% were men, and 34.5% had diabetes. Serum heat shock protein 70 levels were significantly higher in patients with more severe arterial calcification (p < 0.02) and showed significant positive correlations with serum bilirubin (r = 0.23, p = 0.002) and homocysteine levels (r = 0.18, p = 0.02). Serum Hsp70 did not correlate with body mass index, IMT, CRP, or fetuin-a levels in this cohort. Logistic regression analysis confirmed the association between sHsp70 and calcification score (OR, 2.189; CI, 1.156-4.144, p = 0.016) and this correlation remained significant (OR, 2.264; CI, 1.021-5.020, p = 0.044) after the adjustment for age, sex, eGFR, smoking, CRP, and homocysteine levels. Our data show that serum Hsp70 levels correlate with the severity of atherosclerosis in patients with carotid artery disease and chronic lower limb ischemia. These data support a putative role for plasma Hsp70 in the development of arterial calcification. Nevertheless, further studies are required to investigate the usefulness of circulating Hsp70 level as a marker of atherosclerotic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Krepuska
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, Budapest, Hungary.
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de la Cuesta F, Alvarez-Llamas G, Maroto AS, Donado A, Zubiri I, Posada M, Padial LR, Pinto AG, Barderas MG, Vivanco F. A proteomic focus on the alterations occurring at the human atherosclerotic coronary intima. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 10:M110.003517. [PMID: 21248247 PMCID: PMC3069343 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.003517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis still represents the major cause of mortality in western societies. Initiation of atherosclerosis occurs within the intima, where major histological and molecular changes are produced during pathogenesis. So far, proteomic analysis of the atherome plaque has been mainly tackled by the analysis of the entire tissue, which may be a challenging approach because of the great complexity of this sample in terms of layers and cell type composition. Based on this, we aimed to study the intimal proteome from the human atherosclerotic coronary artery. For this purpose, we analyzed the intimal layer from human atherosclerotic coronaries, which were isolated by laser microdissection, and compared with those from preatherosclerotic coronary and radial arteries, using a two-dimensional Differential-In-Gel-Electrophoresis (DIGE) approach. Results have pointed out 13 proteins to be altered (seven up-regulated and six down-regulated), which are implicated in the migrative capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells, extracellular matrix composition, coagulation, apoptosis, heat shock response, and intraplaque hemorrhage deposition. Among these, three proteins (annexin 4, myosin regulatory light 2, smooth muscle isoform, and ferritin light chain) constitute novel atherosclerotic coronary intima proteins, because they were not previously identified at this human coronary layer. For this reason, these novel proteins were validated by immunohistochemistry, together with hemoglobin and vimentin, in an independent cohort of arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aroa S. Maroto
- From the ‡Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Donado
- §Cardiac Surgery Unit, Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Zubiri
- From the ‡Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Posada
- From the ‡Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis R. Padial
- ¶Department of Cardiology, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | - Angel G. Pinto
- §Cardiac Surgery Unit, Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria G. Barderas
- ‖Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Fernando Vivanco
- From the ‡Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
- **Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Impaired resistance artery function in patients with end-stage renal disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2011; 120:525-36. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated an effect of uraemia on structural and functional features of human resistance vasculature. Arteries (≈ 200 μm) isolated from subcutaneous fat biopsies obtained from 35 ESRD (end-stage renal disease) patients starting peritoneal dialysis and 30 matched controls were studied using isolated small artery bioassays. Flow-mediated dilatation was attenuated in ESRD patients compared with controls. NO (nitric oxide) contribution to flow was lacking in ESRD patients, but present in the controls. ADMA (asymmetrical dimethyl L-arginine) levels were higher in the ESRD group compared with the control group. Dilatation in response to acetylcholine was reduced in ESRD patients compared with controls, but response to NO donor was similar. Expression of nitrotyrosine and heat shock proteins 70 and 27, but not 90, was increased in arteries from ESRD patients compared with controls. Arterial remodelling was absent in ESRD patients. There was no difference between the groups in myogenic tone, vascular reactivity or sensitivity to several vasoconstrictors. Arterial distensibility, reflecting passive properties of the vascular wall, was reduced in ESRD patients compared with controls. Exclusion of ESRD patients with diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease from analyses had no influence on the main findings. Thus we propose that uraemia has a strong impact on endothelial function and passive properties of the arterial wall of human peripheral resistance vasculature. The reduced contribution of NO to flow stimulus via enhanced nitrosative stress and higher plasma concentrations of ADMA may suggest potential mechanisms behind endothelial dysfunction in the resistance peripheral circulation in ESRD.
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Pengiran Burut DF, Borai A, Livingstone C, Ferns G. Serum heat shock protein 27 antigen and antibody levels appear to be related to the macrovascular complications associated with insulin resistance: a pilot study. Cell Stress Chaperones 2010; 15:379-86. [PMID: 19882236 PMCID: PMC3082644 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-009-0152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is over-expressed when cells are exposed to stressful conditions that include oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and insulin resistance. We have investigated the concentrations of serum Hsp27 antigen and antibodies in subjects from different glycaemic categories, who either did or did not have established CVD. Serum Hsp27 antigen and antibody levels (immunoglobulins M and G (IgM and IgG)) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in 68 individuals: 26 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 10 with (+) and 16 without (-) a history of CVD and 42 individuals with varying degrees of glucose intolerance (GI; 21 with and 21 without a history of CVD). Insulin sensitivity was determined in each subject using indices derived from the homeostasis model assessment of sensitivity and the insulin sensitivity index for glycaemia. Serum Hsp27 concentrations were significantly higher in GI (+CVD) subjects compared to GI (-CVD) subjects (p = 0.03), NGT (-CVD) subjects (p = 0.02) and NGT (+CVD) subjects (p = 0.04) and were positively correlated to fasting plasma glucose for all subjects (r = 0.28, p = 0.03). IgM antibody levels were significantly higher in GI (+CVD) subjects compared to NGT (-CVD) group (p = 0.02) and were inversely related to fasting insulin concentrations (r = -0.27, p = 0.04) and the 2-h insulin concentrations (r = -0.29, p = 0.03) for all subjects. Serum IgG antibody levels were higher in GI (+CVD) group compared to GI (-CVD) group (p = 0.06). In conclusion, Hsp27 and its antibody concentrations appear to relate to the presence of cardiovascular complications in patients with GI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anwar Borai
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Callum Livingstone
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Rd, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XX UK
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Rd, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XX UK
- Daphne Jackson Rd, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7WG UK
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Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a key role in innate immunity. These receptors recognize both pathogen-associated molecular patterns and molecules that are released from damaged tissue. TLRs mediate signal transduction pathways through the activation of transcription factors that regulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and are required for the development of adaptive immune responses. TLRs might have an important role in the pathogenesis of renal diseases: their exaggerated activation is associated with ischemic kidney damage, acute kidney injury, end-stage renal failure, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, acute renal transplant rejection and delayed allograft function. As the results of previous studies concerning the role of TLRs in renal diseases are conflicting, further work is needed to determine the exact role of these receptors and to evaluate strategies to prevent TLR-mediated local inflammation. This Review discusses the evidence supporting a role for TLRs in contrasting bacterial infections and in causing or aggravating renal conditions when TLR activation leads to a harmful inflammatory response.
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