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Frantz RP, McLaughlin VV, Sahay S, Escribano Subías P, Zolty RL, Benza RL, Channick RN, Chin KM, Hemnes AR, Howard LS, Sitbon O, Vachiéry JL, Zamanian RT, Cravets M, Roscigno RF, Mottola D, Osterhout R, Bruey JM, Elman E, Tompkins CA, Parsley E, Aranda R, Zisman LS, Ghofrani HA. Seralutinib in adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension (TORREY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2024; 12:523-534. [PMID: 38705167 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remain high. Activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor, and mast or stem cell growth factor receptor kinases stimulates inflammatory, proliferative, and fibrotic pathways driving pulmonary vascular remodelling in PAH. Seralutinib, an inhaled kinase inhibitor, targets these pathways. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of seralutinib in patients with PAH receiving standard background therapy. METHODS The TORREY trial was a phase 2, randomised, multicentre, multinational, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients with PAH from 40 hospital and community sites were randomly assigned 1:1 via interactive response technologies to receive seralutinib (60 mg twice daily for 2 weeks, then increased to 90 mg twice daily as tolerated) or placebo by dry powder inhaler twice daily for 24 weeks. Randomisation was stratified by baseline pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR; <800 dyne·s/cm5 and ≥800 dyne·s/cm5). Patients were eligible if classified as WHO Group 1 PH (PAH), WHO Functional Class II or III, with a PVR of 400 dyne·s/cm5 or more, and a 6 min walk distance of between 150 m and 550 m. The primary endpoint was change in PVR from baseline to 24 weeks. Analyses for efficacy endpoints were conducted in randomly assigned patients (intention-to-treat population). Safety analyses included all patients who received the study drug. TORREY was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04456998) and EudraCT (2019-002669-37) and is completed. FINDINGS From Nov 12, 2020, to April 20, 2022, 151 patients were screened for eligibility, and following exclusions, 86 adults receiving PAH background therapy were randomly assigned to seralutinib (n=44; four male, 40 female) or placebo (n=42; four male, 38 female), and comprised the intention-to-treat population. At baseline, treatment groups were balanced except for a higher representation of WHO Functional Class II patients in the seralutinib group. The least squares mean change from baseline to week 24 in PVR was 21·2 dyne·s/cm5 (95% CI -37·4 to 79·8) for the placebo group and -74·9 dyne·s/cm5 (-139·7 to -10·2) for the seralutinib group. The least squares mean difference between the seralutinib and placebo groups for change in PVR was -96·1 dyne·s/cm5 (95% CI -183·5 to -8·8; p=0·03). The most common treatment-emergent adverse event in both treatment groups was cough: 16 (38%) of 42 patients in the placebo group; 19 (43%) of 44 patients in the seralutinib group. INTERPRETATION Treatment with inhaled seralutinib significantly decreased PVR, meeting the primary endpoint of the study among patients receiving background therapy for PAH. FUNDING Gossamer Bio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Frantz
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Vallerie V McLaughlin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sandeep Sahay
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pilar Escribano Subías
- Department of Cardiology, CIBERCV, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ronald L Zolty
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska College of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Raymond L Benza
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard N Channick
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelly M Chin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anna R Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Luke S Howard
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK; Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Olivier Sitbon
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hôpital Bicêtre (AP-HP), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vachiéry
- Department of Cardiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; HUB-Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roham T Zamanian
- Department of Medicine-Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany; Institute for Lung Health, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
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Wang J, Liu C, Huang SS, Wang HF, Cheng CY, Ma JS, Li RN, Lian TY, Li XM, Ma YJ, Jing ZC. Functions and novel regulatory mechanisms of key glycolytic enzymes in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176492. [PMID: 38503401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive vascular disease characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, ultimately leading to right heart failure and death. Despite its clinical significance, the precise molecular mechanisms driving PAH pathogenesis warrant confirmation. Compelling evidence indicates that during the development of PAH, pulmonary vascular cells exhibit a preference for energy generation through aerobic glycolysis, known as the "Warburg effect", even in well-oxygenated conditions. This metabolic shift results in imbalanced metabolism, increased proliferation, and severe pulmonary vascular remodeling. Exploring the Warburg effect and its interplay with glycolytic enzymes in the context of PAH has yielded current insights into emerging drug candidates targeting enzymes and intermediates involved in glucose metabolism. This sheds light on both opportunities and challenges in the realm of antiglycolytic therapy for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shen-Shen Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Hui-Fang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Chun-Yan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University. Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing-Si Ma
- Department of School of Pharmacy, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Longting District, Kaifeng, 475100, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Li
- Department of School of Pharmacy, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Longting District, Kaifeng, 475100, China
| | - Tian-Yu Lian
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University. Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xian-Mei Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yue-Jiao Ma
- National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Zhi-Cheng Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University. Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Chen J, Song M, Qian D, Liu L, Yang K, Shou Y, Zhao H, Zhang L. Atorvastatin rescues pulmonary artery hypertension by inhibiting the AKT/ERK-dependent PDGF-BB/HIF-1α axis. Panminerva Med 2024; 66:4-9. [PMID: 33908728 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.20.03910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to explore the role of atorvastatin in rescuing pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) by inhibiting the AKT/ERK-dependent PDGF-BB/HIF-1α axis. METHODS PAH model in rats was established by MCT induction, followed by Atorvastatin intervention. Pulmonary hemodynamic measurement and pulmonary morphological evaluation in rats were conducted. Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs) were subjected to hypoxic exposure or PDGF-BB treatment, followed by atorvastatin induction. Relative levels of HIF-1α, p-ERK and p-Akt were detected. Viability and apoptosis were respectively determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. RESULTS Atorvastatin protected PAH-induced increases in RVSP and Fulton's index in rats. Meanwhile, it inhibited vascular remodeling following PAH by downregulating HIF-1α and PDGF-BB. Hypoxia or PDGF-BB treatment in hPASMCs resulted in upregulation of p-ERK and p-Akt, and viability increase, which were partially abolished by Atorvastatin intervention. In addition, atorvastatin triggered apoptosis in hypoxia or PDGF-BB-induced hPASMCs. CONCLUSIONS Atorvastatin inhibits the activation of HIF-1α and proliferative ability, and triggers apoptosis in hPASMCs exposed to hypoxia or PDGF-BB treatment through inactivating the AKT/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Banan People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingbao Song
- Department of Cardiology, Kangxin Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Dehui Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Xingqiao Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Linqiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Banan People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Banan People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunfeng Shou
- Department of Cardiology, Banan People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanru Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Banan People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China -
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Li D, Chen Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Chai L, Zhang Q, Qiu Y, Chen H, Shen N, Shi X, Li M. NAMPT mediates PDGF-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation by TLR4/NF-κB/PLK4 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 961:176151. [PMID: 37914064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a pleiotropic protein, promotes the proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), which is associated with the genesis and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). NAMPT is highly increased in PAH patient's plasma and highly relevant to PAH severity. The mRNA and protein levels of NAMPT are elevated in PAH animal models. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms how NAMPT mediated platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced PASMCs proliferation are still unclear. The present study aimed to address these issues. Primary cultured PASMCs were attained from male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Western blotting, RT-PCR, ELISA, cell transfection, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and EdU incorporation assays were used in the experiments. We showed that PDGF upregulated NAMPT expression through the activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5), and elevated extracellular NAMPT further promoted the activation of NF-κB through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which ultimately upregulated polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) expression leading to PASMCs proliferation. Knockdown of STAT5, NAMPT or PLK4, and inhibition of TLR4 or NF-κB suppressed PDGF-induced PASMCs proliferation. Our study suggests that NAMPT plays an essential role in PDGF-induced PASMCs proliferation via TLR4/NF-κB/PLK4 pathway, suggesting that targeting NAMPT might be valuable in ameliorating pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yuqian Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Limin Chai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yuanjie Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Nirui Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xiangyu Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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Kumar VS. Parainfectious cerebral vasculopathy complicating bacterial meningitis: Acute-short lived vasospasm followed by delayed-long lasting vasculitis. Brain Circ 2023; 9:135-147. [PMID: 38020954 PMCID: PMC10679625 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_95_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is a serious, life-threatening infection of the meninges. Several radiological studies highlight prominent structural alterations occurring in the cerebral vasculature, leading to significant cerebrovascular consequences during bacterial meningitis. Beginning with reflexive arterial vasospasm , cerebrovascular disease during bacterial meningitis proceeds through a orderly sequence of arterial vasculitis with inflammatory cell infiltration, medial smooth muscle migration and proliferation, medial necrosis, adventitial fibrosis and eventual intimal stenosis. As such, this review focuses on changes occurring within cerebral arteries during disease progression, highlighting the various structural modifications occurring in the arterial vessels that contribute to disturbances in cerebral hemodynamics and, ultimately, cerebrovascular consequences during bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivig Shantha Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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6
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Swisher JW, Weaver E. The Evolving Management and Treatment Options for Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension: Current Evidence and Challenges. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2023; 19:103-126. [PMID: 36895278 PMCID: PMC9990521 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s321025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension may develop as a disease process specific to pulmonary arteries with no identifiable cause or may occur in relation to other cardiopulmonary and systemic illnesses. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies pulmonary hypertensive diseases on the basis of primary mechanisms causing increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Effective management of pulmonary hypertension begins with accurately diagnosing and classifying the disease in order to determine appropriate treatment. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a particularly challenging form of pulmonary hypertension as it involves a progressive, hyperproliferative arterial process that leads to right heart failure and death if untreated. Over the last two decades, our understanding of the pathobiology and genetics behind PAH has evolved and led to the development of several targeted disease modifiers that ameliorate hemodynamics and quality of life. Effective risk management strategies and more aggressive treatment protocols have also allowed better outcomes for patients with PAH. For those patients who experience progressive PAH with medical therapy, lung transplantation remains a life-saving option. More recent work has been directed at developing effective treatment strategies for other forms of pulmonary hypertension, such as chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and pulmonary hypertension due to other lung or heart diseases. The discovery of new disease pathways and modifiers affecting the pulmonary circulation is an ongoing area of intense investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Swisher
- East Tennessee Pulmonary Hypertension Center, StatCare Pulmonary Consultants, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Eric Weaver
- East Tennessee Pulmonary Hypertension Center, StatCare Pulmonary Consultants, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Mitochondrial Regulation of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor in the Development of Pulmonary Hypertension. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175219. [PMID: 36079149 PMCID: PMC9457092 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe progressive lung disorder characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling, culminating in right-sided heart failure and increased mortality. Data from animal models and human subjects demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-related signaling is essential in the progression of PH. This review summarizes the regulatory pathways and mechanisms of HIF-mediated signaling, emphasizing the role of mitochondria in HIF regulation and PH pathogenesis. We also try to determine the potential to therapeutically target the components of the HIF system for the management of PH.
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8
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Zhou J. Synemin promotes pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch in shunt-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:3221-3231. [PMID: 35769011 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although considerable progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart disease-associated pulmonary heart hypertension (CHD-PAH), the clinical prognosis and overall survival of patients with CHD-PAH remain poor. Therefore, the molecular pathogenesis of CHD-PAH requires further investigation. The intermediate filament protein synemin (SYN) is reported to modulate phenotypic alterations and varicose vein development, but there is little understanding of its exact functions in CHD-PAH. METHODS AND RESULTS SYN expression in the pulmonary arterioles of CHD-PAH patients and shunt-induced PAH rat models was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and western blot. Cell counts and Transwell migration assays were used to assess the effect of SYN on the proliferation and migration capability of human pulmonary smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs). Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have been used to suppress SYN expression in the pulmonary arterioles of rats. Such rats were further used to construct a shunt-induced PAH animal model to investigate the function of SYN in PAH and pulmonary vascular remodelling. Compared with the normal control group, SYN expression was found to be clearly up-regulated in the remodelled pulmonary arterioles of CHD-PAH and shunt-induced PAH rat models. In addition, SYN suppression increased the expression of hPASMC contractile-phenotype markers and decreased the expression of synthetic phenotype markers, in contrast to the control group. SYN suppression also dramatically attenuated the proliferation and migration capability of hPASMCs. Conversely, SYN overexpression promoted phenotypic switch, proliferation, and migration of hPASMCs, whereas these effects were notably alleviated by the protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor MK-2206. Furthermore, we confirmed that SYN suppression mitigated PAH and pulmonary vascular remodelling induced by high blood flow in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that SYN may represent a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of CHD-PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Fetal Heart Disease & Echocardiography Department, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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9
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An Overview of miRNAs Involved in PASMC Phenotypic Switching in Pulmonary Hypertension. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5765029. [PMID: 34660794 PMCID: PMC8516547 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5765029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is occult, with no distinctive clinical manifestations and a poor prognosis. Pulmonary vascular remodelling is an important pathological feature in which pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) phenotypic switching plays a crucial role. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of evolutionarily highly conserved single-stranded small noncoding RNAs. An increasing number of studies have shown that miRNAs play an important role in the occurrence and development of PH by regulating PASMCs phenotypic switching, which is expected to be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of PH. miRNAs such as miR-221, miR-15b, miR-96, miR-24, miR-23a, miR-9, miR-214, and miR-20a can promote PASMCs phenotypic switching, while such as miR-21, miR-132, miR-449, miR-206, miR-124, miR-30c, miR-140, and the miR-17~92 cluster can inhibit it. The article reviews the research progress on growth factor-related miRNAs and hypoxia-related miRNAs that mediate PASMCs phenotypic switching in PH.
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Mukherjee D, Konduri GG. Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension: Definitions, Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:2135-2190. [PMID: 34190343 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a multifactorial disease with diverse etiologies and presenting features. Pulmonary hypertension (PH), defined as elevated pulmonary artery pressure, is the presenting feature for several pulmonary vascular diseases. It is often a hidden component of other lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Alterations in lung development and genetic conditions are an important contributor to pediatric pulmonary hypertensive disease, which is a distinct entity from adult PH. Many of the causes of pediatric PH have prenatal onset with altered lung development due to maternal and fetal conditions. Since lung growth is altered in several conditions that lead to PPH, therapy for PPH includes both pulmonary vasodilators and strategies to restore lung growth. These strategies include optimal alveolar recruitment, maintaining physiologic blood gas tension, nutritional support, and addressing contributing factors, such as airway disease and gastroesophageal reflux. The outcome for infants and children with PH is highly variable and largely dependent on the underlying cause. The best outcomes are for neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) and reversible lung diseases, while some genetic conditions such as alveolar capillary dysplasia are lethal. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:2135-2190, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashis Mukherjee
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Research Institute, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Girija G Konduri
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Research Institute, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
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Zuo W, Liu N, Zeng Y, Xiao Z, Wu K, Yang F, Li B, Song Q, Xiao Y, Liu Q. Luteolin Ameliorates Experimental Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via Suppressing Hippo-YAP/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:663551. [PMID: 33935785 PMCID: PMC8082250 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.663551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin is a flavonoid compound with a variety of pharmacological effects. In this study, we explored the effects of luteolin on monocrotaline (MCT) induced rat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and underlying mechanisms. A rat PAH model was generated through MCT injection. In this model, luteolin improved pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy, meanwhile, luteolin could inhibit the proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, our results showed that luteolin could downregulate the expression of LATS1 and YAP, decrease YAP nuclear localization, reduce the expression of PI3K, and thereby restrain the phosphorylation of AKT induced by PDGF-BB. In conclusion, luteolin ameliorated experimental PAH, which was at least partly mediated through suppressing HIPPO-YAP/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Therefore, luteolin might become a promising candidate for treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyun Zuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Yunhong Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenghui Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan, China
| | - Keke Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Qingqing Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Yunbin Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan, China
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Zhao FY, Xu SL, Zhang CF, Liu J, Zhang Y, Yang J, Xing XQ. PDGF mediates pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by regulating NFATc2. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:39. [PMID: 33179105 PMCID: PMC7684858 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The reconstruction of pulmonary vascular structure caused by the proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is the central link in the formation of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) can regulate the proliferation and migration of PASMCs. At the same time, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATs) plays an important role in the development of PAH. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports yet regarding whether PDGF regulates NFATc2 to increase the proliferation of PASMCs. The present study aimed to investigate whether PDGF affects the proliferation and migration of PASMCs by regulating NFAT, and to study the pathogenesis of PAH. PASMCs were treated with recombinant PDGF; Cell Counting Kit-8 and clone formation experiments showed that PDGF enhanced the cell viability and proliferation of PASMCs. Cell cycle distribution and molecular markers related to cell proliferation (cyclin D1, CDK4 and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) were detected by flow cytometry, and the results indicated that PDGF promoted the division of PAMSCs. The scratch migration and Transwell migration assays showed that the migratory ability of PASMCs was enhanced following PDGF treatment. Changes in NFATs (NFATc1-5) after PDGF treatment were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting; NFATc2 showed the most significant results. Finally, PDGF-treated cells were treated with an NFAT pathway inhibitor, cyclosporin A, or a small interfering RNA targeting NFATc2, and changes in cell proliferation and migration were evaluated to assess the role of NFATc2 in PDGF-induced cell proliferation and migration. In conclusion, PDGF may regulate PASMC proliferation and migration by regulating the expression of NFAT, further leading to the occurrence of PAH. It is proposed that NFATc2 could be used as a potential target for PAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Shuang-Lan Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Fang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Yang
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Qian Xing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
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13
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Wu K, Tang H, Lin R, Carr SG, Wang Z, Babicheva A, Ayon RJ, Jain PP, Xiong M, Rodriguez M, Rahimi S, Balistrieri F, Rahimi S, Valdez-Jasso D, Simonson TS, Desai AA, Garcia JG, Shyy JYJ, Thistlethwaite PA, Wang J, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Endothelial platelet-derived growth factor-mediated activation of smooth muscle platelet-derived growth factor receptors in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894020948470. [PMID: 33294172 PMCID: PMC7707860 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020948470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor is one of the major growth factors found in human and mammalian serum and tissues. Abnormal activation of platelet-derived growth factor signaling pathway through platelet-derived growth factor receptors may contribute to the development and progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling and obliterative vascular lesions in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this study, we examined the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor isoforms in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells and investigated whether platelet-derived growth factor secreted from pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell or pulmonary arterial endothelial cell promotes pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Our results showed that the protein expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell was upregulated in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension compared to normal subjects. Platelet-derived growth factor activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor α and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell, as determined by phosphorylation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β. The platelet-derived growth factor-mediated activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α/platelet-derived growth factor receptor β was enhanced in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell compared to normal cells. Expression level of platelet-derived growth factor-AA and platelet-derived growth factor-BB was greater in the conditioned media collected from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial endothelial cell than from normal pulmonary arterial endothelial cell. Furthermore, incubation of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell with conditioned culture media from normal pulmonary arterial endothelial cell induced more platelet-derived growth factor receptor α activation than in normal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell. Accordingly, the conditioned media from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial endothelial cell resulted in more pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation than the media from normal pulmonary arterial endothelial cell. These data indicate that (a) the expression and activity of platelet-derived growth factor receptor are increased in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell compared to normal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell, and (b) pulmonary arterial endothelial cell from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension patients secretes higher level of platelet-derived growth factor than pulmonary arterial endothelial cell from normal subjects. The enhanced secretion (and production) of platelet-derived growth factor from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial endothelial cell and upregulated platelet-derived growth factor receptor expression (and function) in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension-pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell may contribute to enhancing platelet-derived growth factor/platelet-derived growth factor receptor-associated pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruizhu Lin
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Department of Genetics and
Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shane G. Carr
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Ramon J. Ayon
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and
Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Pritesh P. Jain
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Mingmei Xiong
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
- Department of Critical Medicine, The
Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Shamin Rahimi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Francesca Balistrieri
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Shayan Rahimi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Tatum S. Simonson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Ankit A. Desai
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana
University, Indinappolis, IN, USA
| | - Joe G.N. Garcia
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - John Y.-J. Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine,
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | | | - Jian Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Ayako Makino
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Division of Endocrinology
and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
| | - Jason X.-J. Yuan
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine (Section of Physiology), University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, USA
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14
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Morii C, Tanaka HY, Izushi Y, Nakao N, Yamamoto M, Matsubara H, Kano MR, Ogawa A. 3D in vitro Model of Vascular Medial Thickening in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:482. [PMID: 32509756 PMCID: PMC7251161 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), excessive proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) causes vascular medial thickening. Medial thickening is a histopathological hallmark of pulmonary vascular remodeling, the central disease process driving PAH progression. Pulmonary vascular remodeling causes stenosis and/or obstruction of small pulmonary arteries. This leads to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, and ultimately right heart failure. To improve the survival of PAH patients, which remains at approximately 60% at 3 years after diagnosis, the development of novel PAH-targeted drugs is desired. To this end, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms underlying excessive PASMC proliferation and the medial thickening that ensues is necessary. However, a lack of in vitro models that recapitulate medial thickening impedes our deeper understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved. In the present study, we applied 3-dimensional (3D) cell culture technology to develop a novel in vitro model of the pulmonary artery medial layer using human PAH patient-derived PASMCs. The addition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, a mitogen known to promote excessive PASMC proliferation in PAH, resulted in increased thickness of the 3D-PAH media tissues. Conversely, administration of the PDGF receptor inhibitor imatinib or other clinical PAH drugs inhibited this medial thickening-inducing effect of PDGF-BB. Altogether, by using 3D cell culture technology, we report the generation of an in vitro model of medial thickening in PAH, which had hitherto not been successfully modeled in vitro. This model is potentially useful for assessing the ability of candidate PAH drugs to suppress medial thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Morii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Y Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Izushi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Natsumi Nakao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaya Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiromi Matsubara
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu R Kano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Aiko Ogawa
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
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15
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Gorr MW, Sriram K, Muthusamy A, Insel PA. Transcriptomic analysis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells identifies new potential therapeutic targets for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3505-3518. [PMID: 32337710 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH, type 1 pulmonary hypertension) has a 3-year survival of ~50% and is in need of new, effective therapies. In PAH, remodelling of the pulmonary artery (PA) increases pulmonary vascular resistance and can result in right heart dysfunction and failure. Genetic mutations can cause PAH but it can also be idiopathic (IPAH). Enhanced contractility and proliferation of PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) are key contributors to the pathophysiology of PAH, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We utilized RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of IPAH and control patient-derived PASMCs as an unbiased approach to define differentially expressed (DE) genes that may identify new biology and potential therapeutic targets. KEY RESULTS Analysis of DE genes for shared gene pathways revealed increases in genes involved in cell proliferation and mitosis and decreases in a variety of gene sets, including response to cytokine signalling. ADGRG6/GPR126, an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), was increased in IPAH-PASMCs compared to control-PASMCs. Increased expression of this GPCR in control-PASMCs decreased their proliferation; siRNA knockdown of ADGRG6/GPR126 in IPAH-PASMCs tended to increase proliferation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These data provide insights regarding the expression of current and experimental PAH drug targets, GPCRs and GPCR-related genes as potentially new therapeutic targets in PAH-PASMCs. Overall, the findings identify genes and pathways that may contribute to IPAH-PASMC function and suggest that ADGRG6/GPR126 is a novel therapeutic target for IPAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Gorr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Colleges of Nursing and Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Krishna Sriram
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Abinaya Muthusamy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Paul A Insel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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16
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Rieg AD, Bünting NA, Cranen C, Suleiman S, Spillner JW, Schnöring H, Schröder T, von Stillfried S, Braunschweig T, Manley PW, Schälte G, Rossaint R, Uhlig S, Martin C. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors relax pulmonary arteries in human and murine precision-cut lung slices. Respir Res 2019; 20:111. [PMID: 31170998 PMCID: PMC6555704 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) inhibit the platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and gain increasing significance in the therapy of proliferative diseases, e.g. pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Moreover, TKIs relax pulmonary vessels of rats and guinea pigs. So far, it is unknown, whether TKIs exert relaxation in human and murine pulmonary vessels. Thus, we studied the effects of TKIs and the PDGFR-agonist PDGF-BB in precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) from both species. METHODS The vascular effects of imatinib (mice/human) or nilotinib (human) were studied in Endothelin-1 (ET-1) pre-constricted pulmonary arteries (PAs) or veins (PVs) by videomicroscopy. Baseline initial vessel area (IVA) was defined as 100%. With regard to TKI-induced relaxation, K+-channel activation was studied in human PAs (PCLS) and imatinib/nilotinib-related changes of cAMP and cGMP were analysed in human PAs/PVs (ELISA). Finally, the contractile potency of PDGF-BB was explored in PCLS (mice/human). RESULTS Murine PCLS: Imatinib (10 μM) relaxed ET-1-pre-constricted PAs to 167% of IVA. Vice versa, 100 nM PDGF-BB contracted PAs to 60% of IVA and pre-treatment with imatinib or amlodipine prevented PDGF-BB-induced contraction. Murine PVs reacted only slightly to imatinib or PDGF-BB. Human PCLS: 100 μM imatinib or nilotinib relaxed ET-1-pre-constricted PAs to 166% or 145% of IVA, respectively, due to the activation of KATP-, BKCa2+- or Kv-channels. In PVs, imatinib exerted only slight relaxation and nilotinib had no effect. Imatinib and nilotinib increased cAMP in human PAs, but not in PVs. In addition, PDGF-BB contracted human PAs/PVs, which was prevented by imatinib. CONCLUSIONS TKIs relax pre-constricted PAs/PVs from both, mice and humans. In human PAs, the activation of K+-channels and the generation of cAMP are relevant for TKI-induced relaxation. Vice versa, PDGF-BB contracts PAs/PVs (human/mice) due to PDGFR. In murine PAs, PDGF-BB-induced contraction depends on intracellular calcium. So, PDGFR regulates the tone of PAs/PVs. Since TKIs combine relaxant and antiproliferative effects, they may be promising in therapy of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette D Rieg
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Nina A Bünting
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Cranen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Said Suleiman
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan W Spillner
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Heike Schnöring
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schröder
- Department of Surgery, Luisenhospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Till Braunschweig
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Gereon Schälte
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Martin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Aachen, RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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17
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Cheng CC, Chi PL, Shen MC, Shu CW, Wann SR, Liu CP, Tseng CJ, Huang WC. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Rescues Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension through the Inhibition of AKT/ERK-Dependent PDGF/HIF-1α In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061468. [PMID: 30909527 PMCID: PMC6470604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary arterial proliferation and remodeling, resulting in a specific increase in right ventricle systolic pressure (RVSP) and, ultimately right ventricular failure. Recent studies have demonstrated that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) exerts a protective role in NF-κB-mediated inflammatory diseases. However, the effect of CAPE on PAH remains to be elucidated. In this study, monocrotaline (MCT) was used to establish PAH in rats. Two weeks after the induction of PAH by MCT, CAPE was administrated by intraperitoneal injection once a day for two weeks. Pulmonary hemodynamic measurements and pulmonary artery morphological assessments were examined. Our results showed that administration of CAPE significantly suppressed MCT-induced vascular remodeling by decreasing the HIF-1α expression and PDGF-BB production, and improved in vivo RV systolic performance in rats. Furthermore, CAPE inhibits hypoxia- and PDGF-BB-induced HIF-1α expression by decreasing the activation of the AKT/ERK pathway, which results in the inhibition of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs) proliferation and prevention of cells resistant to apoptosis. Overall, our data suggest that HIF-1α is regarded as an alternative target for CAPE in addition to NF-κB, and may represent a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of PAH diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Caffeic Acids/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnosis
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/drug therapy
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Phenylethyl Alcohol/analogs & derivatives
- Phenylethyl Alcohol/pharmacology
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/genetics
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- Rats
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chang Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Ling Chi
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Ci Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Shue-Ren Wann
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung Branch, Pintung 91245, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Peng Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Jiunn Tseng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chun Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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18
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Cheng Y, Yu M, Xu J, He M, Wang H, Kong H, Xie W. Inhibition of Shp2 ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:130. [PMID: 30086741 PMCID: PMC6081862 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Src homology 2 containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 2 (Shp2) is a typical tyrosine phosphatase interacting with receptor tyrosine kinase to regulate multiple signaling pathways in diverse pathological processes. Here, we will investigate the effect of Shp2 inhibition on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in a rat model and its potential cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying. Methods Monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat model was used in this study. Phps-1, a highly selective inhibitor for Shp2, was administered from 21 days to 35 days after MCT single-injection. Microcatheter method was applied to detected hemodynamic parameters. Histological methods were used to determine PVR changes in PAH rats. Moreover, cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) treated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) with or without Phps-1 was used to investigate the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying in vitro. Results Inhibition of Shp2 significantly attenuated MCT-induced increases of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) in rats. Shp2 inhibition effectively decreased thickening of pulmonary artery media and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy as well as perivascular and myocardial fibrosis in MCT-treated rats. Moreover, Shp2 inhibition ameliorated muscularization of pulmonary arterioles in MCT-induced PAH rats. Shp2 inhibition significantly reduced platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-triggered proliferation and migration of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), which might be attributed to the inactivations of Akt and Stat3 pathways. Conclusions Shp2 contributes to the development of PAH in rats, which might be a potential target for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zeshan West Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyu He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weiping Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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Li B, Zhu Y, Sun Q, Yu C, Chen L, Tian Y, Yan J. Reversal of the Warburg effect with DCA in PDGF‑treated human PASMC is potentiated by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase‑1 inhibition mediated through blocking Akt/GSK‑3β signalling. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1391-1400. [PMID: 29956736 PMCID: PMC6089770 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence indicating that the growth inhibitory effect of dichloroacetate (DCA) on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) may be associated with the reversal of the Warburg effect and initiation of the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. Previous studies indicated that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) promoted the Warburg effect and resulted in apoptotic resistance of PASMCs, which was attributed to activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signalling pathway. However, the mechanism underlying the pro-apoptotic effect of DCA on PDGF-treated PASMCs has not been thoroughly elucidated, and the effect of the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway inhibition concomitant with the effect of DCA on PASMC proliferation remains unclear. The growth of human PASMCs and the lactate concentration in extracellular medium of PASMCs were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and a Lactate Colorimetric Assay kit, respectively. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by fluorescence activated cell sorting. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was assessed with 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazol-carbocy-anine iodide assays. The expression levels of phosphorylated Akt and GSK-3β, pyruvate dehydrogenase, cleaved caspase-3, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 (PDK-1), hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and hexokinase-2 (HK-2) were measured with western blot analysis. Confocal analyses were employed to determine HK-2 co-localisation with the mitochondria. The results indicated that DCA inhibited human PASMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. DCA at 10 mM promoted apoptosis and the upregulation of activated caspase-3 in PASMCs pre-treated with 20 ng/ml PDGF-homeodimer BB (BB). Treatment with 5 µM LY294002 produced minimal anti-proliferative effects on human PASMCs and barely induced cellular apoptosis and caspase-3 activation. However, co-administration of 10 mM DCA with LY294002 significantly decreased the cell proliferation index and induced cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activation. The combined administration of LY294002 with DCA significantly decreased lactate concentration, promoted the depolarisation of the ΔΨm and repressed HIF-1α upregulation and HK-2 activation in PASMCs treated with PDGF, which was attributed to the potentiation of DCA-induced PDK-1 inhibition by LY294002 via blockade of the Akt/GSK-3β/HIF-1α signalling pathway. In conclusion, inhibition of the Akt/GSK-3β pathway improved the pro-apoptotic effect of DCA on human PASMCs, which may be attributed to a reversal of the Warburg effect by blocking the mutual interaction between HIF-1α and PDK-1, consequently downregulating HK-2. Therefore, combinatory treatment with DCA and PI3K inhibitors may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the reversal of apoptosis resistance exhibited by PASMCs as a result of mitochondrial bioenergetic abnormalities, as well as the treatment of pulmonary vascular remodelling in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Zhu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Chunfang Yu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Lian Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yali Tian
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
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20
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Kanaan R, Strange C. Use of multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors to attenuate platelet-derived growth factor signalling in lung disease. Eur Respir Rev 2017; 26:26/146/170061. [PMID: 29070579 PMCID: PMC9488848 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0061-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors (PDGFRs) play a fundamental role in the embryonic development of the lung. Aberrant PDGF signalling has been documented convincingly in a large variety of pulmonary diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, lung cancer and lung fibrosis. Targeting PDGF signalling has been proven to be effective in these diseases. In clinical practice, the most effective way to block PDGF signalling is to inhibit the activity of the intracellular PDGFR kinases. Although the mechanism of action of such drugs is not specific for PDGF signalling, the medications have a broad therapeutic index that allows clinical use. The safety profile and therapeutic opportunities of these and future medications that target PDGFs and PDGFRs are reviewed. An increasing role for PDGF signalling inhibitors in clinical trials for the treatment of various pulmonary diseaseshttp://ow.ly/buaI30f9HcN
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Kanaan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Charlie Strange
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Avouac J, Guignabert C, Hoffmann-Vold AM, Ruiz B, Dorfmuller P, Pezet S, Amar O, Tu L, Van Wassenhove J, Sadoine J, Launay D, Elhai M, Cauvet A, Subramaniam A, Resnick R, Hachulla E, Molberg Ø, Kahan A, Humbert M, Allanore Y. Role of Stromelysin 2 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 10) as a Novel Mediator of Vascular Remodeling Underlying Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:2209-2221. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Avouac
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104; Institut Cochin, and Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Service de Rhumatologie A, Hôpital Cochin; Paris France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- Inserm; UMR S 999, Plessis Robinson, France, and Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; Le Kremlin Bicêtre France
| | - Anna Maria Hoffmann-Vold
- Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Barbara Ruiz
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104; Institut Cochin; Paris France
| | - Peter Dorfmuller
- Inserm; UMR S 999, Plessis Robinson, France, and Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; Le Kremlin Bicêtre France
| | - Sonia Pezet
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104; Institut Cochin; Paris France
| | - Olivia Amar
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104; Institut Cochin; Paris France
| | - Ly Tu
- Inserm; UMR S 999, Plessis Robinson, France, and Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; Le Kremlin Bicêtre France
| | - Jérôme Van Wassenhove
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104; Institut Cochin; Paris France
| | - Jérémy Sadoine
- EA 2496 Pathologie; Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales; UFR Odontologie; Université Paris Descartes and PIDV; PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité; Montrouge France
| | - David Launay
- Médecine Interne, Hopital Huriez; Université de Lille; Lille France
| | - Muriel Elhai
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104; Institut Cochin, and Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Service de Rhumatologie A, Hôpital Cochin; Paris France
| | - Anne Cauvet
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104; Institut Cochin; Paris France
| | | | | | - Eric Hachulla
- Médecine Interne, Hopital Huriez; Université de Lille; Lille France
| | - Øyvind Molberg
- Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - André Kahan
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Service de Rhumatologie A, Hôpital Cochin; Paris France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Inserm UMR S 999; Plessis Robinson, France, and Université Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay and AP-HP; Service de Pneumologie; Hôpital Bicêtre; Le Kremlin Bicêtre France
| | - Yannick Allanore
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104; Institut Cochin, and Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Service de Rhumatologie A, Hôpital Cochin; Paris France
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22
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Morichi S, Morishita N, Takeshita M, Ishida Y, Oana S, Yamanaka G, Kashiwagi Y, Kawashima H. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with influenza-associated encephalopathy. J Infect Chemother 2016; 23:80-84. [PMID: 27887787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To search for an index of neurologic prognosis of children with influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE), involvement of angiogenesis-related growth factors in the pathology was investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS The subjects were 11 IAE patients, 6 patients with bacterial meningitis (BM), and 24 patients with non-central nervous system infection as a control group admitted to our hospital. The correlation between the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) levels in cerebrospinal fluid and the relationship with an index of inflammatory marker, interleukin (IL)-6, were investigated. Using the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Categories (PCPC) score as a prognostic indicator, we evaluated the association between the biomarkers and neurologic prognosis. RESULT PDGF significantly increased in the IAE group compared with that in the BM group. Cerebrospinal fluid VEGF and PDGF increased in all IAE and BM patients compared with that in the control group, and VEGF and PDGF were positively correlated in the 2 groups. No correlation was found between the cerebrospinal fluid VEGF and PDGF levels and IL-6 level in the IAE group, whereas a correlation was found in the BM group. All these factors increased in patients with poor neurologic prognosis. DISCUSSION It is possible that the disease state of IAE can be evaluated based on vascular endothelial disorder-related markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mika Takeshita
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Japan
| | - Yu Ishida
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Japan
| | - Shingo Oana
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Japan
| | - Gaku Yamanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Japan
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23
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Lewandowski SA, Fredriksson L, Lawrence DA, Eriksson U. Pharmacological targeting of the PDGF-CC signaling pathway for blood-brain barrier restoration in neurological disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 167:108-119. [PMID: 27524729 PMCID: PMC5341142 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders account for a majority of non-malignant disability in humans and are often associated with dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recent evidence shows that despite apparent variation in the origin of neural damage, the central nervous system has a common injury response mechanism involving platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-CC activation in the neurovascular unit and subsequent dysfunction of BBB integrity. Inhibition of PDGF-CC signaling with imatinib in mice has been shown to prevent BBB dysfunction and have neuroprotective effects in acute damage conditions, including traumatic brain injury, seizures or stroke, as well as in neurodegenerative diseases that develop over time, including multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Stroke and traumatic injuries are major risk factors for age-associated neurodegenerative disorders and we speculate that restoring BBB properties through PDGF-CC inhibition might provide a common therapeutic opportunity for treatment of both acute and progressive neuropathology in humans. In this review we will summarize what is known about the role of PDGF-CC in neurovascular signaling events and the variety of seemingly different neuropathologies it is involved in. We will also discuss the pharmacological means of therapeutic interventions for anti-PDGF-CC therapy and ongoing clinical trials. In summary: inhibition of PDGF-CC signaling can be protective for immediate injury and decrease the long-term neurodegenerative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Lewandowski
- Tissue Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Scheeles v. 2, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Linda Fredriksson
- Vascular Biology Groups, Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Scheeles v. 2, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 7301 Medical Science Research Building III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0644, USA
| | - Daniel A Lawrence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 7301 Medical Science Research Building III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0644, USA
| | - Ulf Eriksson
- Tissue Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Scheeles v. 2, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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24
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Sysol JR, Natarajan V, Machado RF. PDGF induces SphK1 expression via Egr-1 to promote pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 310:C983-92. [PMID: 27099350 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00059.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive, life-threatening disease for which there is currently no curative treatment available. Pathologic changes in this disease involve remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature, including marked proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Recently, the bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its activating kinase, sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), have been shown to be upregulated in PAH and promote PASMC proliferation. The mechanisms regulating the transcriptional upregulation of SphK1 in PASMCs are unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a PAH-relevant stimuli associated with enhanced PASMC proliferation, on SphK1 expression regulation. In human PASMCs (hPASMCs), PDGF significantly increased SphK1 mRNA and protein expression and induced cell proliferation. Selective inhibition of SphK1 attenuated PDGF-induced hPASMC proliferation. In silico promoter analysis for SphK1 identified several binding sites for early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1), a PDGF-associated transcription factor. Luciferase assays demonstrated that PDGF activates the SphK1 promoter in hPASMCs, and truncation of the 5'-promoter reduced PDGF-induced SphK1 expression. Stimulation of hPASMCs with PDGF induced Egr-1 protein expression, and direct binding of Egr-1 to the SphK1 promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Inhibition of ERK signaling prevented induction of Egr-1 by PDGF. Silencing of Egr-1 attenuated PDGF-induced SphK1 expression and hPASMC proliferation. These studies demonstrate that SphK1 is regulated by PDGF in hPASMCs via the transcription factor Egr-1, promoting cell proliferation. This novel mechanism of SphK1 regulation may be a therapeutic target in pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Sysol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Roberto F Machado
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
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25
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Hu H, Liu B, Zuo Y, Liu D, Xie R, Cui W. dl -3- n -butylphthalide suppresses PDGF-BB-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation via induction of autophagy. Life Sci 2016; 151:182-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Takahashi J, Orcholski M, Yuan K, de Jesus Perez V. PDGF-dependent β-catenin activation is associated with abnormal pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:101-9. [PMID: 26787464 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by excessive pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) growth, partially in response to PDGF-BB but whether this is dependent on β-catenin (βC) activation is unclear. Compared to healthy cells, PAH PASMCs demonstrate higher levels of proliferation both at baseline and with PDGF-BB that correlate with GSK3β dependent βC activation. We show that βC knockdown but not Wnt5a stimulation reduces PDGF-BB dependent growth and normalizes PAH PASMCs proliferation. These findings support that cross-talk between PDGF and Wnt signaling modulates PASMC proliferation and suggest that βC targeted therapies could treat abnormal vascular remodeling in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Takahashi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,The Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, CA, USA
| | - Mark Orcholski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,The Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, CA, USA
| | - Ke Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,The Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, CA, USA
| | - Vinicio de Jesus Perez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,The Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, CA, USA
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27
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Hu W, Huang Y. Targeting the platelet-derived growth factor signalling in cardiovascular disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:1221-4. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weining Hu
- Shenzhen Research Institute; Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Yu Huang
- Shenzhen Research Institute; Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
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28
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Xing Y, Zheng X, Li G, Liao L, Cao W, Xing H, Shen T, Sun L, Yang B, Zhu D. MicroRNA-30c contributes to the development of hypoxia pulmonary hypertension by inhibiting platelet-derived growth factor receptor β expression. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 64:155-66. [PMID: 25882492 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by excessive proliferation and resistance to apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). MicroRNAs have been implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation and might be implicated in the etiology of PAH. Data from in vivo and in vitro cell culture models showed that hypoxia inhibits microRNA-30c (miR-30c) expression in PASMCs. Inhibition of miR-30c by either hypoxia or AMO-30c results in PASMC proliferation (cell viability, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki67, and tubulin polymerization) and the inhibition of apoptosis (cell cycle progression, Cyclin A and Cyclin D, and TUNEL staining). Moreover, down-regulation of miR-30c also results in the phenotype switch from contractile to synthetic PASMC (SM22α and Calponin, osteopontin expression, and wound healing assay). In contrast, these effects were reversed by the application of an miR-30c mimetic under hypoxic conditions. Mechanically, miR-30c inhibited the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) expression by directly binding to the 3' untranslated region of PDGFRβ mRNA (luciferase reporter assays, and PDGFRβ-masking antisense oligodeoxynucleotides). Pharmacological inhibition of PDGFR by AG-1296 displayed similar effects to the miR-30c mimetic. These data suggest that the down-regulation of miR-30c accounts for the up-regulation of PDGFRβ expression, and subsequent activation of PDGF signaling results in the hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation and phenotype switching. Therefore, increasing miR-30c expression levels could be explored as a potential new therapy for hypoxia-induced PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Guixia Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China; Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Weiwei Cao
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China; Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Hao Xing
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China; Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Tingting Shen
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China; Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Daling Zhu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China; Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150081, China.
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Norman P. Evaluation of WO-2014132220, selective PDGFR inhibitors for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:493-9. [PMID: 25623274 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2015.1007042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease currently treated by a range of vasodilator agents and/or endothelin antagonists. Inhibition of platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) kinases has been suggested to provide an additional therapeutic modality, and clinical studies with the non-selective PDGFR inhibitor imatinib appear to validate this hypothesis. However, side-effects associated with a lack of selectivity suggest clinical utility requires the identification and development of selective PDGFR inhibitors. AREAS COVERED This application claims derivatives and crystalline forms of two previously claimed PDGFR inhibitors and their use for the treatment of PAH. N-(5-(2-(2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)ethylcarbamoyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide and N-(5-(2-(2,6-cis-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)ethylcarbamoyl)-2-fluorophenyl)-7-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide have respective IC50 values of 3 and 45 nM in a cellular proliferation assay. EXPERT OPINION These two compounds are likely to be selective PDGFR inhibitors. The nature of this filing suggests that Novartis intends to develop at least one of these compounds for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Norman
- Norman Consulting , 18 Pink Lane, Burnham, Bucks, SL1 8JW , UK
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30
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LI HUI, LUO KAIJUN, HOU JUAN. Inhibitory effect of Puerariae radix flavones on platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via PI3K and ERK pathways. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:257-261. [PMID: 25452812 PMCID: PMC4247288 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) results in intimal thickening of the aorta, which may lead to arteriosclerosis. Therefore, VSMC antiproliferative agents may be efficient in the prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis. Puerariae radix (PR) is the dried root of Pueraria lobata Ohwi or Pueraria thomsonii Benth. Flavones are the main components of PR and have been shown to have a protective effect on vascular disorders in traditional Chinese medicine treatments. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of PR flavone (PRF) on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced VSMC proliferation. PDGF-BB (25 ng/ml) and different doses of PRF (10, 50, 100 and 200 ng/ml) were used to treat VSMCs. The results revealed that PRF notably inhibited the PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and induced a cell cycle arrest at growth 1 phase of the cell cycle. In addition, cell cycle-associated proteins, including cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin-dependent kinase 4, were found to be downregulated. Furthermore, PRF inhibited the PDGF-BB-stimulated downregulation of VSMC markers, including α-smooth muscle actin, desmin and smoothelin. PDGF-BB upregulated the phosphorylation levels of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which are associated with cell proliferation; however, these were decreased following PRF treatment. These observations indicated that PRF had a suppressive effect on PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation by inhibiting PI3K and ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- HUI LI
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Medical School of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, P.R. China
| | - KAIJUN LUO
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Medical School of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, P.R. China
| | - JUAN HOU
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Medical School of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, P.R. China
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Boor P, Ostendorf T, Floege J. PDGF and the progression of renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 29 Suppl 1:i45-i54. [PMID: 24493869 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive renal diseases represent a global medical problem, in part because we currently lack effective treatment strategies. Inhibition of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) might represent one such novel strategy. PDGFs are required for normal kidney development by the recruitment of mesenchymal cells to both glomeruli and the interstitium. PDGFs are expressed in renal mesenchymal cells and, upon injury, in epithelial and infiltrating cells. They exert autocrine and paracrine effects on PDGF receptor-bearing mesenchymal cells, i.e. mesangial cells, fibroblasts and vascular smooth-muscle cells, which are crucially involved in progressive renal diseases. Proliferation but also migration and activation of these mesenchymal cells are the major effects mediated by PDGFs. These actions predefine the major roles of PDGFs in renal pathology, particularly in mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis and interstitial fibrosis. Whereas for the former, the role of PDGFs is very well described and established, the latter is increasingly better documented as well. An involvement of PDGFs in other renal diseases, e.g. acute kidney injury, vascular injury and hypertensive as well as diabetic nephropathy, is less well established or presently unknown. Nevertheless, PDGFs represent a promising therapeutic option for progressive renal diseases, especially those characterized by mesangial cell proliferation and interstitial fibrosis. Clinical studies are eagerly awaited, in particular, since several drugs inhibiting PDGF signalling are available for clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Boor
- Department of Nephrology, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Shao D, Perros F, Caramori G, Meng C, Dormuller P, Chou PC, Church C, Papi A, Casolari P, Welsh D, Peacock A, Humbert M, Adcock IM, Wort SJ. Nuclear IL-33 regulates soluble ST2 receptor and IL-6 expression in primary human arterial endothelial cells and is decreased in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nair DG, Miller KG, Lourenssen SR, Blennerhassett MG. Inflammatory cytokines promote growth of intestinal smooth muscle cells by induced expression of PDGF-Rβ. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:444-54. [PMID: 24417820 PMCID: PMC3955151 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thickening of the inflamed intestinal wall involves growth of smooth muscle cells (SMC), which contributes to stricture formation. Earlier, the growth factor platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB was identified as a key mitogen for SMC from the rat colon (CSMC), and CSMC growth in colitis was associated with both appearance of its receptor, PDGF-Rβ and modulation of phenotype. Here, we examined the role of inflammatory cytokines in inducing and modulating the growth response to PDGF-BB. CSMC were enzymatically isolated from Sprague–Dawley rats, and the effect of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, transforming growth factor (TGF), IL-17A and IL-2 on CSMC growth and responsiveness to PDGF-BB were assessed using proliferation assays, PCR and western blotting. Conditioned medium (CM) was obtained at 48 hrs of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis. Neither CM alone nor cytokines caused proliferation of early-passage CSMC. However, CM from inflamed, but not control colon significantly promoted the effect of PDGF-BB. IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-17A, but not other cytokines, increased the effect of PDGF-BB because of up-regulation of mRNA and protein for PDGF-Rβ without change in receptor phosphorylation. PDGF-BB was identified in adult rat serum (RS) and RS-induced CSMC proliferation was inhibited by imatinib, suggesting that blood-derived PDGF-BB is a local mitogen in vivo. In freshly isolated CSMC, CM from the inflamed colon as well as IL-1β and TNF-α induced the early expression of PDGF-Rβ, while imatinib blocked subsequent RS-induced cell proliferation. Thus, pro-inflammatory cytokines both initiate and maintain a growth response in CSMC via PDGF-Rβ and serum-derived PDGF-BB, and control of PDGF-Rβ expression may be beneficial in chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep G Nair
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Heldin CH. Targeting the PDGF signaling pathway in the treatment of non-malignant diseases. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2013; 9:69-79. [PMID: 23793451 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-013-9484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a family of mesenchymal mitogens with important functions during the embryonal development and in the control of tissue homeostasis in the adult. The PDGF isoforms exert their effects by binding to α-and β-tyrosine kinase receptors. Overactivity of PDGF signaling has been linked to the development of certain malignant and non-malignant diseases, including atherosclerosis and various fibrotic diseases. Different types of PDGF antagonists have been developed, including inhibitory monoclonal antibodies and DNA aptamers against PDGF isoforms and receptors, and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Beneficial effects have been recorded using such inhibitors in preclinical models and in patients with certain malignant as well as non-malignant diseases. The present communication summarizes the use of PDGF antagonists in the treatment of non-malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden,
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Shah RR, Morganroth J, Shah DR. Cardiovascular Safety of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: With a Special Focus on Cardiac Repolarisation (QT Interval). Drug Saf 2013; 36:295-316. [DOI: 10.1007/s40264-013-0047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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