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Rykowska I, Michałkiewicz O, Nowak I, Nowak R. Drug-Modified Contact Lenses-Properties, Release Kinetics, and Stability of Active Substances with Particular Emphasis on Cyclosporine A: A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:2609. [PMID: 38893485 PMCID: PMC11173495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The following review focuses on the manufacturing and parameterizing of ocular drug delivery systems (DDS) using polymeric materials to create soft contact lenses. It discusses the types of drugs embedded into contact lenses, the various polymeric materials used in their production, methods for assessing the mechanical properties of polymers, and techniques for studying drug release kinetics. The article also explores strategies for investigating the stability of active substances released from contact lenses. It specifically emphasizes the production of soft contact lenses modified with Cyclosporine A (CyA) for the topical treatment of specific ocular conditions. The review pays attention to methods for monitoring the stability of Cyclosporine A within the discussed DDS, as well as investigating the influence of polymer matrix type on the stability and release of CyA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Rykowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (I.R.); (I.N.)
| | - Ola Michałkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (I.R.); (I.N.)
| | - Iwona Nowak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (I.R.); (I.N.)
| | - Rafał Nowak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
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2
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Al-Shami N, Naseef H, Kanaze F. Apixaban and clopidogrel in a fixed-dose combination: Formulation and in vitro evaluation. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102089. [PMID: 38707207 PMCID: PMC11070277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Fixed-dose combination (FDC) products represent a novel, safe, and cost-effective formulation. Combined use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications is common among comorbid cardiovascular patients. This study aimed to formulate FDC tablets for Apixaban and Clopidogrel, as prophylaxis and treatment of thrombo-embolic events. FDC tablets were developed by combining small tablets of Immediate-Release Clopidogrel 75 mg and Extend-Release Apixaban 5 mg through direct compression and wet granulation. Particularly, Apixaban tablets were developed using design expert software, and various types and concentrations of polymers were entered. For Clopidogrel tablets, various diluents were used to develop the formulation. Then, the dissolution profile for each formula was studied. Finally, the optimized formulations were encapsulated within hard gelatin capsules. Apixaban formulation followed zero-order with super case Ⅱ transport mechanism as the dominant mechanism of drug release. The Apixaban drug release rate was affected by the type and concentration of the polymers in the formulation (P < 0.05). As the HPMC concentration was increased, Apixaban release was retarded. For, Clopidogrel, the formulated tablets with spray-dried lactose filler and sodium stearyl fumarate lubricant were found to be stable with good properties. In conclusion, the optimum formulation yielded Clopidogrel and extended-release Apixaban for 24 h with the desired in vitro drug dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni'meh Al-Shami
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Health Professions, Birzeit University, State of Palestine, PO Box, 14, Palestine
| | - Hani Naseef
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Health Professions, Birzeit University, State of Palestine, PO Box, 14, Palestine
| | - Feras Kanaze
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Health Professions, Birzeit University, State of Palestine, PO Box, 14, Palestine
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3
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Liu T, Gong X, Cai Y, Li HY, Forbes B. Pullulan-Based Spray-Dried Mucoadhesive Microparticles for Sustained Oromucosal Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:460. [PMID: 38675121 PMCID: PMC11053838 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucoadhesive microparticles for oromucosal drug delivery offer several advantages, including intimate contact with the mucosa, delivery to less accessible regions, extended residence time, sustained drug release, reduced irritation, and improved patient compliance. In this study, pullulan was used to prepare mucoadhesive spray-dried microparticles for delivering benzydamine hydrochloride (BZH) to oral mucosa. The BZH-pullulan spray-dried microparticles had a mean size of <25 μm with an angle of repose values between 25.8-36.6°. Pullulan markedly extended drug-release time to >180 min, ~9 times greater than the duration (i.e., 20 min) reportedly achieved by chitosan. Kinetic analysis showed the drug-release rate was concentration dependent and jointly controlled by drug diffusion and polymer chain relaxation. Further, pullulan was mucoadhesive and was able to retain up to 78.8% w/w of microencapsulated gold nanoparticle probes at the mucosal membrane. These data strongly suggest that BZH-pullulan microparticles have great potential for oromucosal drug delivery, by providing elongated residence time in situ and sustained drug release for the treatment of local diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- College of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; (T.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xiang Gong
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang 550007, China;
| | - Yang Cai
- College of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; (T.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Hao-Ying Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Ben Forbes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
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4
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Rentería-Urquiza M, Flores-Rojas GG, Gómez-Lázaro B, López-Saucedo F, Vera-Graziano R, Mendizabal E, Bucio E. Lignocellulosic Membranes Grafted with N-Vinylcaprolactam Using Radiation Chemistry: Load and Release Capacity of Vancomycin. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:551. [PMID: 38399929 PMCID: PMC10893404 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation chemistry presents a unique avenue for developing innovative polymeric materials with desirable properties, eliminating the need for chemical initiators, which can be potentially detrimental, especially in sensitive sectors like medicine. In this investigation, we employed a radiation-induced graft polymerization process with N-vinylcaprolactam (NVCL) to modify lignocellulosic membranes derived from Agave salmiana, commonly known as maguey. The membranes underwent thorough characterization employing diverse techniques, including contact angle measurement, degree of swelling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier-transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), nuclear magnetic resonance (CP-MAS 13C-NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and uniaxial tensile mechanical tests. The membranes' ability to load and release an antimicrobial glycopeptide drug was assessed, revealing significant enhancements in both drug loading and sustained release. The grafting of PNVCL contributed to prolonged sustained release by decreasing the drug release rate at temperatures above the LCST. The release profiles were analyzed using the Higuchi, Peppas-Sahlin, and Korsmeyer-Peppas models, suggesting a Fickian transport mechanism as indicated by the Korsmeyer-Peppas model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Rentería-Urquiza
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. M. García Barragán #1451, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (M.R.-U.); (E.M.)
| | - Guadalupe Gabriel Flores-Rojas
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. M. García Barragán #1451, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (M.R.-U.); (E.M.)
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.G.-L.); (F.L.-S.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Belén Gómez-Lázaro
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.G.-L.); (F.L.-S.)
| | - Felipe López-Saucedo
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.G.-L.); (F.L.-S.)
- Facultad de Ciencias, Campus El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca Km 15.5, Toluca 50200, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Vera-Graziano
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Mendizabal
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. M. García Barragán #1451, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (M.R.-U.); (E.M.)
| | - Emilio Bucio
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.G.-L.); (F.L.-S.)
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Chacin Ruiz EA, Swindle-Reilly KE, Ford Versypt AN. Experimental and mathematical approaches for drug delivery for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration. J Control Release 2023; 363:464-483. [PMID: 37774953 PMCID: PMC10842193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Several chronic eye diseases affect the posterior segment of the eye. Among them age-related macular degeneration can cause vision loss if left untreated and is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in the world. Most treatments are based on intravitreally injected therapeutics that inhibit the action of vascular endothelial growth factor. However, due to the need for monthly injections, this method is associated with poor patient compliance. To address this problem, numerous drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been developed. This review covers a selection of particulate systems, non-stimuli responsive hydrogels, implants, and composite systems that have been developed in the last few decades. Depending on the type of DDS, polymer material, and preparation method, different mechanical properties and drug release profiles can be achieved. Furthermore, DDS development can be optimized by implementing mathematical modeling of both drug release and pharmacokinetic aspects. Several existing mathematical models for diffusion-controlled, swelling-controlled, and erosion-controlled drug delivery from polymeric systems are summarized. Compartmental and physiologically based models for ocular drug transport and pharmacokinetics that have studied drug concentration profiles after intravitreal delivery or release from a DDS are also reviewed. The coupling of drug release models with ocular pharmacokinetic models can lead to obtaining much more efficient DDSs for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration and other diseases of the posterior segment of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A Chacin Ruiz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Katelyn E Swindle-Reilly
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashlee N Ford Versypt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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6
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Wang N, Zhang Y, Wang W, Ye Z, Chen H, Hu G, Ouyang D. How can machine learning and multiscale modeling benefit ocular drug development? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114772. [PMID: 36906232 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The eyes possess sophisticated physiological structures, diverse disease targets, limited drug delivery space, distinctive barriers, and complicated biomechanical processes, requiring a more in-depth understanding of the interactions between drug delivery systems and biological systems for ocular formulation development. However, the tiny size of the eyes makes sampling difficult and invasive studies costly and ethically constrained. Developing ocular formulations following conventional trial-and-error formulation and manufacturing process screening procedures is inefficient. Along with the popularity of computational pharmaceutics, non-invasive in silico modeling & simulation offer new opportunities for the paradigm shift of ocular formulation development. The current work first systematically reviews the theoretical underpinnings, advanced applications, and unique advantages of data-driven machine learning and multiscale simulation approaches represented by molecular simulation, mathematical modeling, and pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling for ocular drug development. Following this, a new computer-driven framework for rational pharmaceutical formulation design is proposed, inspired by the potential of in silico explorations in understanding drug delivery details and facilitating drug formulation design. Lastly, to promote the paradigm shift, integrated in silico methodologies were highlighted, and discussions on data challenges, model practicality, personalized modeling, regulatory science, interdisciplinary collaboration, and talent training were conducted in detail with a view to achieving more efficient objective-oriented pharmaceutical formulation design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yunsen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Zhuyifan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China; Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Guanghui Hu
- Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS), University of Macau, Macau, China.
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7
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Wang Q, Han S, Zhu Y, Wang G, Chen D. Poly-γ-glutamic acid coating polymeric nanoparticles enhance renal drug distribution and cellular uptake for diabetic nephropathy therapy. J Drug Target 2023; 31:89-99. [PMID: 35880399 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2106488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Poor drug distribution and inefficient renal cellular uptake are the major barriers diminishing the efficacy of nanoparticles in renal targeted therapy. We designed the rhein (RH)-loaded poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA)-coated polycaprolactone-polyethyleneimine nanoparticles (RGPP) to enhance renal drug distribution and cellular uptake via PGA-mediated receptor-ligand interaction with γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) expressed highly in the kidney. PGA coating not only ensured the stability, sustained drug release, and biocompatibility of RGPP, but also promoted renal cellular uptake via binding with the GGT on the renal cells. Following intravenous administration, PGA coating protects RGPP from recognition by the reticuloendothelial system, resulting in prolonged blood circulation. RGPP enables targeted RH accumulation in the kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice, resulting in significant recovery of renal physiological function. The PGA coating strategy opens a new avenue for the management of renal diseases using nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qili Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinses Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shunping Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongqin Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinses Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danfei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinses Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Grassi M, Colombo I, Manca D, Biasin A, Grassi L, Grassi G, Abrami M. Multiscale mathematical modelling of drug activation by co-grinding. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Abrami M, Grassi M, Masiello D, Pontrelli G. Dissolution of irregularly-shaped drug particles: mathematical modelling. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 177:199-210. [PMID: 35772613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The prediction of drug dissolution profiles is crucial for elucidating the pharmacokinetic behaviour of drugs and the bioavailability of dosage forms. In this work, we develop a mathematical model to describe the dissolution process of irregularly shaped particles. We use a complete dissolution model that accounts for both surface kinetics and convective diffusion. The mechanistic relationship between the mass transfer coefficient and the local curvature is derived from the fundamental physical laws governing these processes. Our model theoretically shows that the dissolution rate depends nonlinearly on the surface curvature. The subsequent recrystallization process in the bulk fluid is also considered. The main result of this work is its simplicity, since only two coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations are needed to describe the dissolution process. Another remarkable advantage is the possibility to determine the model parameters using common independent techniques, so that the importance of the wettability of solids on the dissolution process can be evaluated. Finally, the proposed model demonstrated the importance of particle shape in describing the experimental dissolution data of theophylline monohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abrami
- Dept. of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/A, Trieste, I-34127 Italy
| | - M Grassi
- Dept. of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/A, Trieste, I-34127 Italy.
| | | | - G Pontrelli
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo, CNR, Roma, Italy
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10
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Halib N, Pavan N, Trombetta C, Dapas B, Farra R, Scaggiante B, Grassi M, Grassi G. An Overview of siRNA Delivery Strategies for Urological Cancers. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040718. [PMID: 35456552 PMCID: PMC9030829 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of urological cancers has been significantly improved in recent years. However, for the advanced stages of these cancers and/or for those developing resistance, novel therapeutic options need to be developed. Among the innovative strategies, the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) seems to be of great therapeutic interest. siRNAs are double-stranded RNA molecules which can specifically target virtually any mRNA of pathological genes. For this reason, siRNAs have a great therapeutic potential for human diseases including urological cancers. However, the fragile nature of siRNAs in the biological environment imposes the development of appropriate delivery systems to protect them. Thus, ensuring siRNA reaches its deep tissue target while maintaining structural and functional integrity represents one of the major challenges. To reach this goal, siRNA-based therapies require the development of fine, tailor-made delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, nanobubbles and magnetic nanoparticles are among nano-delivery systems studied recently to meet this demand. In this review, after an introduction about the main features of urological tumors, we describe siRNA characteristics together with representative delivery systems developed for urology applications; the examples reported are subdivided on the basis of the different delivery materials and on the different urological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Halib
- Department of Basic Sciences & Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 55100, Malaysia;
| | - Nicola Pavan
- Urology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (N.P.); (C.T.)
| | - Carlo Trombetta
- Urology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (N.P.); (C.T.)
| | - Barbara Dapas
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (B.D.); (R.F.); (B.S.)
| | - Rossella Farra
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (B.D.); (R.F.); (B.S.)
| | - Bruna Scaggiante
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (B.D.); (R.F.); (B.S.)
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, Via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (B.D.); (R.F.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-040-399-3227
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11
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Effect of chest physiotherapy on cystic fibrosis sputum nanostructure: an experimental and theoretical approach. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:1943-1958. [PMID: 35286625 PMCID: PMC9242959 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease characterized by the production of viscous mucoid secretions in multiple organs, particularly the airways. The pathological increase of proteins, mucin and biological polymers determines their arrangement into a three-dimensional polymeric network, affecting the whole mucus and impairing the muco-ciliary clearance which promotes inflammation and bacterial infection. Thus, to improve the efficacy of the drugs usually applied in CF therapy (e.g., mucolytics, anti-inflammatory and antibiotics), an in-depth understanding of the mucus nanostructure is of utmost importance. Drug diffusivity inside a gel-like system depends on the ratio between the diffusing drug molecule radius and the mesh size of the network. Based on our previous findings, we propose the combined use of rheology and low field NMR to study the mesh size distribution of the sputum from CF patients. Specifically, we herein explore the effects of chest physiotherapy on CF sputum characteristic as evaluated by rheology, low field NMR and the drug penetration through the mucus via mathematical simulation. These data show that chest physiotherapy has beneficial effects on patients, as it favourably modifies sputum and enhances drug penetration through the respiratory mucus.
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Heredia NS, Vizuete K, Flores-Calero M, Pazmiño V. K, Pilaquinga F, Kumar B, Debut A. Comparative statistical analysis of the release kinetics models for nanoprecipitated drug delivery systems based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264825. [PMID: 35271644 PMCID: PMC8912140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) is one of the most used polymers for drug delivery systems (DDSs). It shows excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and allows spatio-temporal control of the release of a drug by altering its chemistry. In spite of this, few formulations have reached the market. To characterize and optimize the drug release process, mathematical models offer a good alternative as they allow interpreting and predicting experimental findings, saving time and money. However, there is no general model that describes all types of drug release of polymeric DDSs. This study aims to perform a statistical comparison of several mathematical models commonly used in order to find which of them best describes the drug release profile from PLGA particles synthesized by nanoprecipitation method. For this purpose, 40 datasets extracted from scientific articles published since 2016 were collected. Each set was fitted by the models: order zero to fifth order polynomials, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Weibull and Hyperbolic Tangent Function. Some data sets had few observations that do not allow to apply statistic test, thus bootstrap resampling technique was performed. Statistic evidence showed that Hyperbolic Tangent Function model is the one that best fit most of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly S. Heredia
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Karla Vizuete
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología CENCINAT, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
- * E-mail:
| | - Marco Flores-Calero
- Departamento de Eléctrica, Electrónica y Telecomunicaciones, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Katherine Pazmiño V.
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología CENCINAT, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Fernanda Pilaquinga
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Brajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, TATA College, Chaibasa, Jharkhand, India
| | - Alexis Debut
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología CENCINAT, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
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13
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Wang W, Ye Z, Gao H, Ouyang D. Computational pharmaceutics - A new paradigm of drug delivery. J Control Release 2021; 338:119-136. [PMID: 34418520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades pharmaceutics and drug delivery have become increasingly critical in the pharmaceutical industry due to longer time, higher cost, and less productivity of new molecular entities (NMEs). However, current formulation development still relies on traditional trial-and-error experiments, which are time-consuming, costly, and unpredictable. With the exponential growth of computing capability and algorithms, in recent ten years, a new discipline named "computational pharmaceutics" integrates with big data, artificial intelligence, and multi-scale modeling techniques into pharmaceutics, which offered great potential to shift the paradigm of drug delivery. Computational pharmaceutics can provide multi-scale lenses to pharmaceutical scientists, revealing physical, chemical, mathematical, and data-driven details ranging across pre-formulation studies, formulation screening, in vivo prediction in the human body, and precision medicine in the clinic. The present paper provides a comprehensive and detailed review in all areas of computational pharmaceutics and "Pharma 4.0", including artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms, molecular modeling, mathematical modeling, process simulation, and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. We not only summarized the theories and progress of these technologies but also discussed the regulatory requirements, current challenges, and future perspectives in the area, such as talent training and a culture change in the future pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Zhuyifan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hanlu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China.
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14
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Chloramphenicol Loaded Sponges Based on PVA/Nanocellulose Nanocomposites for Topical Wound Delivery. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5080208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, polymer sponges based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared for the topical wound administration of chloramphenicol (CHL), an antibiotic widely used to treat bacterial infections. Nanocellulose fibrils (CNF) were homogenously dispersed in PVA sponges in three different ratios (2.5, 5, and 10 wt %) to improve the mechanical properties of neat PVA sponges. Infrared spectroscopy showed hydrogen bond formation between CNF and PVA, while scanning electron microscopy photos verified the successful dispersion of CNF to PVA sponges. The addition of CNF successfully enhanced the mechanical properties of PVA sponges, exhibiting higher compressive strength as the content of CNF increased. The PVA sponge containing 10 wt % CNF, due to its higher compression strength, was further studied as a matrix for CHL delivery in 10, 20, and 30 wt % concentration of the drug. X-ray diffraction showed that CHL was encapsulated in an amorphous state in the 10 and 20 wt % samples, while some crystallinity was observed in the 30 wt % ratio. In vitro dissolution studies showed enhanced CHL solubility after its incorporation in PVA/10 wt % CNF sponges. Release profiles showed a controlled release lasting three days for the sample containing 10 wt % CHL and 1.5 days for the other two samples. According to modelling, the release is driven by a pseudo-Fickian diffusion.
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15
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Abd El-Aziz ME, Salama DM, Morsi SMM, Youssef AM, El-Sakhawy M. Development of polymer composites and encapsulation technology for slow-release fertilizers. REV CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2020-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The fertilizer manufacturing faces an ongoing challenge to develop its products to raise the effectiveness of their application, mainly of nitrogenous fertilizers, as well as to reduce any probable adverse ecological effect. In general, chemical fertilizers are very necessary for agricultural lands to provide the essential nutrients for plant growth, which are lost and leached into the surrounding environment during irrigation, which then leads to unwanted side effects, such as crop failure or increased losses to the environment. To solve this problem of nutrients being wasted, the most effective way is to use slow or controlled-release fertilizers (S/CRFs). The current review provides an insight vision into the methods used to save agricultural fertilizers from being wasted due to irrigation. The functional materials or physical techniques are used to maintain a steady release of nutrients. Fertilizers are encapsulated with various compounds based on synthetic or natural polymers to be used as SRFs. In this review paper, a comprehensive survey is presented on SRFs as an effective method in dealing with the problem of fertilizer wastage during irrigation. This review discusses the technology and applications of the latest research findings in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Essam Abd El-Aziz
- Polymers and Pigments Department , National Research Centre , 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki , Giza , P.O. 12622 , Egypt
| | - Dina M. Salama
- Vegetable Research Department , National Research Centre , 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki , Giza , P.O. 12622 , Egypt
| | - Samir M. M. Morsi
- Polymers and Pigments Department , National Research Centre , 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki , Giza , P.O. 12622 , Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Youssef
- Packaging Materials Department , National Research Centre , 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki , Giza , P.O. 12622 , Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sakhawy
- Cellulose and Paper Department , National Research Centre , 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki , Giza , P.O. 12622 , Egypt
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16
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Hydrogels as Drug Delivery Systems: A Review of Current Characterization and Evaluation Techniques. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121188. [PMID: 33297493 PMCID: PMC7762425 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their tunable properties, controllable degradation, and ability to protect labile drugs, hydrogels are increasingly investigated as local drug delivery systems. However, a lack of standardized methodologies used to characterize and evaluate drug release poses significant difficulties when comparing findings from different investigations, preventing an accurate assessment of systems. Here, we review the commonly used analytical techniques for drug detection and quantification from hydrogel delivery systems. The experimental conditions of drug release in saline solutions and their impact are discussed, along with the main mathematical and statistical approaches to characterize drug release profiles. We also review methods to determine drug diffusion coefficients and in vitro and in vivo models used to assess drug release and efficacy with the goal to provide guidelines and harmonized practices when investigating novel hydrogel drug delivery systems.
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17
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Abrami M, Grassi L, di Vittorio R, Hasa D, Perissutti B, Voinovich D, Grassi G, Colombo I, Grassi M. Dissolution of an ensemble of differently shaped poly-dispersed drug particles undergoing solubility reduction: mathematical modelling. ADMET AND DMPK 2020; 8:297-313. [PMID: 35300307 PMCID: PMC8915606 DOI: 10.5599/admet.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this theoretical paper is to develop a mathematical model for describing the dissolution process, in a finite liquid environment, of an ensemble of poly-dispersed drug particles, in form of sphere, cylinder and parallelepiped that can undergo solubility reduction due to phase transition induced by dissolution. The main result of this work consists in its simplicity as, whatever the particular particles size distribution, only two ordinary differential equations are needed to describe the dissolution process. This, in turn, reflects in a very powerful and agile theoretical tool that can be easily implemented in electronic sheets, a widespread tool among the research community. Another model advantage lies on the possibility of determining its parameters by means of common independent techniques thus enabling the evaluation of the importance of solid wettability on the dissolution process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Abrami
- Dept. of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/A, Trieste, I-34127 Italy
| | - Lucia Grassi
- Liceo Scientifico G. Galilei, Trieste, Via Mameli 4, I-34139 Italy
| | - Rosario di Vittorio
- Dept. of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/A, Trieste, I-34127 Italy
| | - Dritan Hasa
- Dept. of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trieste University, Piazzale Europa 1, Trieste, I-34127, Italy
| | - Beatrice Perissutti
- Dept. of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trieste University, Piazzale Europa 1, Trieste, I-34127, Italy
| | - Dario Voinovich
- Dept. of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trieste University, Piazzale Europa 1, Trieste, I-34127, Italy
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Dept. of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, I-34149 Italy
| | - Italo Colombo
- Dept. of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/A, Trieste, I-34127 Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Dept. of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/A, Trieste, I-34127 Italy
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18
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Engineering approaches for drug delivery systems production and characterization. Int J Pharm 2020; 581:119267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Pourtalebi Jahromi L, Ghazali M, Ashrafi H, Azadi A. A comparison of models for the analysis of the kinetics of drug release from PLGA-based nanoparticles. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03451. [PMID: 32140583 PMCID: PMC7049635 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) has received much academic attention for developing nanotherapeutics and FDA has approved it for several applications. An important parameter that dictates the bioavailability and hence the biological effect of the drug is drug release from its delivering system. This study offers a comparative mathematical analysis of drug release from Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)–based nanoparticles to suggest a general model explaining multi-mechanistic release they provide. Methods Eight release models, zero order, first order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell, the square root of mass, the three-second root of mass, Weibull and Korsmeyer-Peppas, as well as the second degree polynomial equation were applied to 60 data sets. The models analysed regarding several types of errors, regression parameters and average Akaike information criterion. Results and discussion Most of the data sets present the highest R2, the lowest overall error and AIC for the Weibull model. Weibull model with the mean AIC = -36.37 and mean OE = 7.24 and the highest NE less than 5, 10, 15 and 20 % in most of the cases best fits the release data from various PLGA-based drug delivery systems that are studied. Weibull model seems to show enough flexibility to describe various release patterns PLGA provides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Ghazali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hajar Ashrafi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Azadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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20
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Benefits of Fractal Approaches in Solid Dosage Form Development. Pharm Res 2019; 36:156. [PMID: 31493266 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical formulations are complex systems consisting of active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) and a number of excipients selected to provide the intended performance of the product. The understanding of materials' properties and technological processes is a requirement for building quality into pharmaceutical products. Such understanding is gained mostly from empirical correlations of material and process factors with quality attributes of the final product. However, it seems also important to gain knowledge based on mechanistic considerations. Promising is here to study morphological and/or topological characteristics of particles and their aggregates. These geometric aspects must be taken into account to better understand how product attributes emerge from raw materials, which includes, for example, mechanical tablet properties, disintegration or dissolution behavior. Regulatory agencies worldwide are promoting the use of physical models in pharmaceutics to design quality into a final product. This review deals with pharmaceutical applications of theoretical models, focusing on percolation theory, fractal, and multifractal geometry. The use of these so-called fractal approaches improves the understanding of different aspects in the development of solid dosage forms, for example by identifying critical drug and excipient concentrations, as well as to study effects of heterogeneity on dosage form performance. The aim is to link micro- and macrostructure to the emerging quality attributes of the pharmaceutical solid dosage forms as a strategy to enhance mechanistic understanding and to advance pharmaceutical development and manufacturing processes.
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21
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Wang G, Li Q, Chen D, Wu B, Wu Y, Tong W, Huang P. Kidney-targeted rhein-loaded liponanoparticles for diabetic nephropathy therapy via size control and enhancement of renal cellular uptake. Theranostics 2019; 9:6191-6208. [PMID: 31534545 PMCID: PMC6735513 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The optimization of nanoparticle size for passing through glomerular filtration membrane, inefficient renal cellular uptake and rapid urinary excretion of nanoparticles are the major obstacles for renal disease treatment via a nanoparticle delivery system. Herein, we propose a concept of a two-step nanoparticular cascade of size control and enhancement of renal cellular uptake to overcome the renal delivery obstacles. Methods: We prepared kidney-targeted rhein (RH)-loaded liponanoparticles (KLPPR) with a yolk-shell structure composed by polycaprolactone-polyethyleneimine (PCL-PEI)-based cores and kidney targeting peptide (KTP)-modified lipid layers. The KLPPR size within the range of 30 ~ 80 nm allowed KLPPR distribute into kidney by passing through the glomerular filtration membrane and the KTP (sequence: CSAVPLC) decoration promoted the renal cellular uptake and endocytosis via a non-lysosomal pathway. Results: The KLPPR had an average size of 59.5±6.2 nm and exhibited high RH loading, sustained release, good stability and biocompatibility, rapid cellular uptake in HK-2 cells. In addition, intravenous administration of KLPPR resulted in excellent kidney-targeted distribution and low urinary excretion in mice with streptozocin-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN), lowered the parameters of urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and kidney index, as well as facilitated the recovery of renal physiological function in improving the levels of urinary creatinine and the creatinine clearance rate by suppressing secretion and accumulation of fibronectin and TGF-β1. Conclusion: Definitely, KLPPR were able to target the diseased kidney and improve the therapeutic effect of RH on DN by exploiting the two-step nanoparticular cascade of size control and enhancement of cellular uptake. This study offers a promising strategy for renal diseases treatment using liponanoparticle delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Qunying Li
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Danfei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Bihan Wu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Weijun Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Pintong Huang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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22
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Abrami M, Marizza P, Zecchin F, Bertoncin P, Marson D, Lapasin R, de Riso F, Posocco P, Grassi G, Grassi M. Theoretical Importance of PVP-Alginate Hydrogels Structure on Drug Release Kinetics. Gels 2019; 5:gels5020022. [PMID: 31003517 PMCID: PMC6630402 DOI: 10.3390/gels5020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The new concepts of personalized and precision medicine require the design of more and more refined delivery systems. In this frame, hydrogels can play a very important role as they represent the best surrogate of soft living tissues for what concerns rheological properties. Thus, this paper focusses on a global theoretical approach able to describe how hydrogel polymeric networks can affect the release kinetics of drugs characterized by different sizes. The attention is focused on a case study dealing with an interpenetrated hydrogel made up by alginate and poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone). METHODS Information about polymeric network characteristics (mesh size distribution and polymer volume fraction) is deduced from the theoretical interpretation of the rheological and the low field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) characterization of hydrogels. This information is then, embodied in the mass balance equation whose resolution provides the release kinetics. RESULTS Our simulations indicate the influence of network characteristics on release kinetics. In addition, the reliability of the proposed approach is supported by the comparison of the model outcome with experimental release data. CONCLUSIONS This study underlines the necessity of a global theoretical approach in order to design reliable delivery systems based on hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Abrami
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Paolo Marizza
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Francesca Zecchin
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bertoncin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Domenico Marson
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Romano Lapasin
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Filomena de Riso
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Ørsteds Plads Bygning 345Ø, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Paola Posocco
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
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23
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Antibacterial drug release from a biphasic gel system: Mathematical modelling. Int J Pharm 2019; 559:373-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Caccavo D. An overview on the mathematical modeling of hydrogels' behavior for drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2019; 560:175-190. [PMID: 30763681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels-based systems (HBSs) for drug delivery are nowadays extensively used and the interest in modeling their behavior is dramatically increasing. In this review a critical overview on the modeling approaches is given, quantitatively and qualitatively analyzing the publications on the subject, the trend of the publications per year and the type of modeling approaches. It was found that, despite the drug release fitting models (i.e. Higuchi's equation) are the most abundant, their use for HBSs is decreasing in the last years and luckily, considering the limiting assumption on which they were built, they will be confined to simple mathematical fitting equations. Within the mechanistic models the "multi-component" with the swelling approximation (mass transport only) and with the mechanics (fully coupled) are experiencing the highest growth rate, with much more interest toward the last one that, in the next years could be able to provide a first principles model. Statistical models, especially based on the response surface methodology, are rapidly spreading in the scientific community mainly thanks to their ability to be predictive, regardless of the phenomenology, in the analyzed design space with very low efforts. Neural Networks models for HBSs, in countertrend with their use in the pharmaceutical industry, have never take off preferring less data demanding statistical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Caccavo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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25
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Michailidou G, Christodoulou E, Nanaki S, Barmpalexis P, Karavas E, Vergkizi-Nikolakaki S, Bikiaris DN. Super-hydrophilic and high strength polymeric foam dressings of modified chitosan blends for topical wound delivery of chloramphenicol. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 208:1-13. [PMID: 30658779 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study polymer blends based on chitosan (CS) and its derivatives with trans-aconitic (t-Acon) acid and another with trimellitic (TRM) anhydride, were prepared for topical wound delivery of chloramphenicol (CHL). FT-IR spectroscopy revealed the successful grafting of t-Acon acid or TRM anhydride into CS macromolecules at molar ratios 1:1 and 1:0.5, while powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the prepared materials were amorphous. Neat chitosan and its grafted derivatives were mixed in different ratios (25/75, 50/50 and 75/25 w/w) in order to prepare suitable blends. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the formed blends after freeze-drying had a sponge-like structure, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) verified their thermal stability. All blends are miscible in studied compositions and have extensive swelling and much better mechanical properties than neat CS. In a further step, the obtained porous sponges prepared from CS/CS-derivatives 50/50 w/w were loaded with Chloramphenicol (10, 20 and 30 wt%), a broad-spectrum antibiotic, and the prepared dressings were evaluated in terms of FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and in vitro drug dissolution. An initial burst release followed by a quasi-Fickian diffusion driven sustained release phase was observed while the addition of chloramphenicol gives high antimicrobial properties to all dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Michailidou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evi Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavroula Nanaki
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Evangelos Karavas
- Pharmathen S.A., Pharmaceutical Industry, Dervenakion Str 6, Pallini Attikis, GR-15351 Attiki, Greece
| | - Susan Vergkizi-Nikolakaki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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26
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Chen D, Han S, Zhu Y, Hu F, Wei Y, Wang G. Kidney-targeted drug delivery via rhein-loaded polyethyleneglycol- co-polycaprolactone- co-polyethylenimine nanoparticles for diabetic nephropathy therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3507-3527. [PMID: 29950832 PMCID: PMC6016261 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s166445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the primary root of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Unfortunately, currently, no effective therapeutic strategies are available to ameliorate and reverse the progression of DN. Rhein (RH) is an anthraquinone derivative extracted from herbal medicines with various pharmacological effects on DN. However, its clinical administration is limited by its poor solubility, low bioavailability, reduced distribution into the kidney and adverse effects. Methods and results To improve the delivery of RH into kidney and the therapeutic effect on DN, we synthesized and utilized polyethyleneglycol-co-polycaprolactone-co-polyethylenimine triblock amphiphilic polymers to prepare RH-loaded polyethyleneglycol-co-polycaprolactone-co-polyethylenimine nanoparticles (PPP-RH-NPs). PPP-RH-NP size was optimized to 75 ± 25 nm for kidney-targeted drug delivery; the positive zeta potential allowed an effective cellular uptake and the polyethylenimine amine groups facilitate the endosomal escape quickly. The distribution and pharmacodynamics of PPP-RH-NPs were studied in a streptozocin-induced DN model, which explicitly demonstrated kidney-targeted distribution and improved the therapeutic effects of RH on DN by ameliorating several pathological indicators. Conclusion Therefore, this study not only stimulates further clinical research on RH but also, more importantly, proposes a promising DN therapy consisting of an effective kidney-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Shunping Han
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK.,College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 China
| | - Yongqin Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Yinghui Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 China
| | - Guowei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 China.,College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310007 China
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27
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Barmpalexis P, Kachrimanis K, Malamataris S. Statistical moments in modelling of swelling, erosion and drug release of hydrophilic matrix-tablets. Int J Pharm 2018; 540:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Irfan SA, Razali R, KuShaari K, Mansor N, Azeem B, Ford Versypt AN. A review of mathematical modeling and simulation of controlled-release fertilizers. J Control Release 2018; 271:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Recent advances in smart biotechnology: Hydrogels and nanocarriers for tailored bioactive molecules depot. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 249:163-180. [PMID: 28527520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past ten years, the global biopharmaceutical market has remarkably grown, with ten over the top twenty worldwide high performance medical treatment sales being biologics. Thus, biotech R&D (research and development) sector is becoming a key leading branch, with expanding revenues. Biotechnology offers considerable advantages compared to traditional therapeutic approaches, such as reducing side effects, specific treatments, higher patient compliance and therefore more effective treatments leading to lower healthcare costs. Within this sector, smart nanotechnology and colloidal self-assembling systems represent pivotal tools able to modulate the delivery of therapeutics. A comprehensive understanding of the processes involved in the self-assembly of the colloidal structures discussed therein is essential for the development of relevant biomedical applications. In this review we report the most promising and best performing platforms for specific classes of bioactive molecules and related target, spanning from siRNAs, gene/plasmids, proteins/growth factors, small synthetic therapeutics and bioimaging probes.
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Pareek A, Maheshwari S, Cherlo S, Thavva RSR, Runkana V. Modeling drug release through stimuli responsive polymer hydrogels. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:502-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Laycock B, Nikolić M, Colwell JM, Gauthier E, Halley P, Bottle S, George G. Lifetime prediction of biodegradable polymers. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chiarappa G, Abrami M, Dapas B, Farra R, Trebez F, Musiani F, Grassi G, Grassi M. Mathematical Modeling of Drug Release from Natural Polysaccharides Based Matrices. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The new concept of personalized medicine and the affirmation of Nucleic Acid Based Drugs (NABDs), an emerging class of bio-drugs constituted by short sequences of either DNA or RNA, represent a new challenge for the mathematical modelling in the drug delivery and adsorption field. Indeed, whether patient uniqueness asks for the use of theoretical tools enabling a rational approach adapting to each patient, NABDs delivery brings to our attention new aspects of drug delivery due to the NABDs fragile nature and way of action. This review aims to present and discuss the mathematical modelling of drug release from natural polysaccharides matrices with particular care to the description of the chemical and physical phenomena ruling drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Chiarappa
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6/A, Trieste, Italy I-34127
| | - Michela Abrami
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, Italy I-34149 Trieste
| | - Barbara Dapas
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, Italy I-34149 Trieste
| | - Rossella Farra
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6/A, Trieste, Italy I-34127
| | - Fabio Trebez
- PROTOS Research Institute, Via del Follatoio 12, Trieste, Italy, I-34148, Trieste
| | - Francesco Musiani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, I-40127
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, Italy I-34149 Trieste
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6/A, Trieste, Italy I-34127
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Engineering approaches in siRNA delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 525:343-358. [PMID: 28213276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
siRNAs are very potent drug molecules, able to silence genes involved in pathologies development. siRNAs have virtually an unlimited therapeutic potential, particularly for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, their use in clinical practice is limited because of their unfavorable properties to interact and not to degrade in physiological environments. In particular they are large macromolecules, negatively charged, which undergo rapid degradation by plasmatic enzymes, are subject to fast renal clearance/hepatic sequestration, and can hardly cross cellular membranes. These aspects seriously impair siRNAs as therapeutics. As in all the other fields of science, siRNAs management can be advantaged by physical-mathematical descriptions (modeling) in order to clarify the involved phenomena from the preparative step of dosage systems to the description of drug-body interactions, which allows improving the design of delivery systems/processes/therapies. This review analyzes a few mathematical modeling approaches currently adopted to describe the siRNAs delivery, the main procedures in siRNAs vectors' production processes and siRNAs vectors' release from hydrogels, and the modeling of pharmacokinetics of siRNAs vectors. Furthermore, the use of physical models to study the siRNAs vectors' fate in blood stream and in the tissues is presented. The general view depicts a framework maybe not yet usable in therapeutics, but with promising possibilities for forthcoming applications.
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McClements DJ. Designing biopolymer microgels to encapsulate, protect and deliver bioactive components: Physicochemical aspects. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 240:31-59. [PMID: 28034309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymer microgels have considerable potential for their ability to encapsulate, protect, and release bioactive components. Biopolymer microgels are small particles (typically 100nm to 1000μm) whose interior consists of a three-dimensional network of cross-linked biopolymer molecules that traps a considerable amount of solvent. This type of particle is also sometimes referred to as a nanogel, hydrogel bead, biopolymer particles, or microsphere. Biopolymer microgels are typically prepared using a two-step process involving particle formation and particle gelation. This article reviews the major constituents and fabrication methods that can be used to prepare microgels, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. It then provides an overview of the most important characteristics of microgel particles (such as size, shape, structure, composition, and electrical properties), and describes how these parameters can be manipulated to control the physicochemical properties and functional attributes of microgel suspensions (such as appearance, stability, rheology, and release profiles). Finally, recent examples of the utilization of biopolymer microgels to encapsulate, protect, or release bioactive agents, such as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, enzymes, flavors, and probiotics is given.
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Dan N. Compound release from core–shell carriers triggered by oscillating fields: Monte Carlo simulations. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
Among the several delivery materials available so far, polysaccharides represent very attractive molecules as they can undergo a wide range of chemical modifications, are biocompatible, biodegradable, and have low immunogenic properties. Thus, polysaccharides can contribute to significantly overcome the limitation in the use of many types of drugs, including anti-cancer drugs. The use of conventional anti-cancer drugs is hampered by their high toxicity, mostly depending on the indiscriminate targeting of both cancer and normal cells. Additionally, for nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs), an emerging class of drugs with potential anti-cancer value, the practical use is problematic. This mostly depends on their fast degradation in biological fluids and the difficulties to cross cell membranes. Thus, for both classes of drugs, the development of optimal delivery materials is crucial. Here we discuss the possibility of using different kinds of polysaccharides, such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, dextran, and pullulan, as smart drug delivery materials. We first describe the main features of polysaccharides, then a general overview about the aspects ruling drug release mechanisms and the pharmacokinetic are reported. Finally, notable examples of polysaccharide-based delivery of conventional anti-cancer drugs and NABDs are reported. Whereas additional research is required, the promising results obtained so far, fully justify further efforts, both in terms of economic support and investigations in the field of polysaccharides as drug delivery materials.
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CACCAVO D, CASCONE S, LAMBERTI G, BARBA AA. Controlled drug release from hydrogel-based matrices: Experiments and modeling. Int J Pharm 2015; 486:144-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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