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Gallegos A, Wu J. A Molecular Theory of Polypeptide Adsorption at Inorganic Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:794-805. [PMID: 36521053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A faithful description of polypeptide adsorption at ionizable surfaces remains a theoretical challenge from a molecular perspective due to the strong coupling of local thermodynamic nonideality and ionizations of both the adsorbate and substrate that are sensitive to the solution condition such as pH, ion valence, and salt concentration. Building upon a recently developed coarse-grained model for natural amino acids in bulk electrolyte solutions, here we report a molecular theory applicable to polypeptide adsorption on ionizable inorganic surfaces over a broad range of inhomogeneous conditions. Our thermodynamic model is able to account for diverse solution effects as well as the amino-acid sequence on polypeptide adsorption and surface association such as hydrogen bonding or bidentate coordination. The theoretical predictions have been validated by extensive comparison with experimental data for the adsorption isotherms of three representative polypeptides at a titanium surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gallegos
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California92521, United States
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California92521, United States
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2
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Sinha A, Simnani FZ, Singh D, Nandi A, Choudhury A, Patel P, Jha E, chouhan RS, Kaushik NK, Mishra YK, Panda PK, Suar M, Verma SK. The translational paradigm of nanobiomaterials: Biological chemistry to modern applications. Mater Today Bio 2022; 17:100463. [PMID: 36310541 PMCID: PMC9615318 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently nanotechnology has evolved as one of the most revolutionary technologies in the world. It has now become a multi-trillion-dollar business that covers the production of physical, chemical, and biological systems at scales ranging from atomic and molecular levels to a wide range of industrial applications, such as electronics, medicine, and cosmetics. Nanobiomaterials synthesis are promising approaches produced from various biological elements be it plants, bacteria, peptides, nucleic acids, etc. Owing to the better biocompatibility and biological approach of synthesis, they have gained immense attention in the biomedical field. Moreover, due to their scaled-down sized property, nanobiomaterials exhibit remarkable features which make them the potential candidate for different domains of tissue engineering, materials science, pharmacology, biosensors, etc. Miscellaneous characterization techniques have been utilized for the characterization of nanobiomaterials. Currently, the commercial transition of nanotechnology from the research level to the industrial level in the form of nano-scaffolds, implants, and biosensors is stimulating the whole biomedical field starting from bio-mimetic nacres to 3D printing, multiple nanofibers like silk fibers functionalizing as drug delivery systems and in cancer therapy. The contribution of single quantum dot nanoparticles in biological tagging typically in the discipline of genomics and proteomics is noteworthy. This review focuses on the diverse emerging applications of Nanobiomaterials and their mechanistic advancements owing to their physiochemical properties leading to the growth of industries on different biomedical measures. Alongside the implementation of such nanobiomaterials in several drug and gene delivery approaches, optical coding, photodynamic cancer therapy, and vapor sensing have been elaborately discussed in this review. Different parameters based on current challenges and future perspectives are also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrija Sinha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | | | - Dibyangshee Singh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Aditya Nandi
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Anmol Choudhury
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Paritosh Patel
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ealisha Jha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Raghuraj Singh chouhan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Suresh K. Verma
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
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3
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Sloth AB, Bakhshinejad B, Jensen M, Stavnsbjerg C, Liisberg MB, Rossing M, Kjaer A. Analysis of Compositional Bias in a Commercial Phage Display Peptide Library by Next-Generation Sequencing. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112402. [PMID: 36366500 PMCID: PMC9697088 DOI: 10.3390/v14112402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The principal presumption of phage display biopanning is that the naïve library contains an unbiased repertoire of peptides, and thus, the enriched variants derive from the affinity selection of an entirely random peptide pool. In the current study, we utilized deep sequencing to characterize the widely used Ph.DTM-12 phage display peptide library (New England Biolabs). The next-generation sequencing (NGS) data indicated the presence of stop codons and a high abundance of wild-type clones in the naïve library, which collectively result in a reduced effective size of the library. The analysis of the DNA sequence logo and global and position-specific frequency of amino acids demonstrated significant bias in the nucleotide and amino acid composition of the library inserts. Principal component analysis (PCA) uncovered the existence of four distinct clusters in the naïve library and the investigation of peptide frequency distribution revealed a broad range of unequal abundances for peptides. Taken together, our data provide strong evidence for the notion that the naïve library represents substantial departures from randomness at the nucleotide, amino acid, and peptide levels, though not undergoing any selective pressure for target binding. This non-uniform sequence representation arises from both the M13 phage biology and technical errors of the library construction. Our findings highlight the paramount importance of the qualitative assessment of the naïve phage display libraries prior to biopanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Beth Sloth
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Babak Bakhshinejad
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malte Jensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Stavnsbjerg
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Baldtzer Liisberg
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Rossing
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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4
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Petrenko VA, Gillespie JW, De Plano LM, Shokhen MA. Phage-Displayed Mimotopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Targeted to Authentic and Alternative Cellular Receptors. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020384. [PMID: 35215976 PMCID: PMC8879608 DOI: 10.3390/v14020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by the emergence of new heavily mutated viral variants with increased infectivity and/or resistance to detection by the human immune system. To respond to the urgent need for advanced methods and materials to empower a better understanding of the mechanisms of virus’s adaptation to human host cells and to the immuno-resistant human population, we suggested using recombinant filamentous bacteriophages, displaying on their surface foreign peptides termed “mimotopes”, which mimic the structure of viral receptor-binding sites on the viral spike protein and can serve as molecular probes in the evaluation of molecular mechanisms of virus infectivity. In opposition to spike-binding antibodies that are commonly used in studying the interaction of the ACE2 receptor with SARS-CoV-2 variants in vitro, phage spike mimotopes targeted to other cellular receptors would allow discovery of their role in viral infection in vivo using cell culture, tissue, organs, or the whole organism. Phage mimotopes of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 protein have been developed using a combination of phage display and molecular mimicry concepts, termed here “phage mimicry”, supported by bioinformatics methods. The key elements of the phage mimicry concept include: (1) preparation of a collection of p8-type (landscape) phages, which interact with authentic active receptors of live human cells, presumably mimicking the binding interactions of human coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and its variants; (2) discovery of closely related amino acid clusters with similar 3D structural motifs on the surface of natural ligands (FGF1 and NRP1), of the model receptor of interest FGFR and the S1 spike protein; and (3) an ELISA analysis of the interaction between candidate phage mimotopes with FGFR3 (a potential alternative receptor) in comparison with ACE2 (the authentic receptor).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery A. Petrenko
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Correspondence: (V.A.P.); (J.W.G.); Tel.: +1-334-844-2897 (V.A.P.); +1-334-844-2625 (J.W.G.)
| | - James W. Gillespie
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Correspondence: (V.A.P.); (J.W.G.); Tel.: +1-334-844-2897 (V.A.P.); +1-334-844-2625 (J.W.G.)
| | - Laura Maria De Plano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
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Jaroszewicz W, Morcinek-Orłowska J, Pierzynowska K, Gaffke L, Węgrzyn G. Phage display and other peptide display technologies. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 46:6407522. [PMID: 34673942 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage display technology, which is based on the presentation of peptide sequences on the surface of bacteriophage virions, was developed over 30 years ago. Improvements in phage display systems have allowed us to employ this method in numerous fields of biotechnology, as diverse as immunological and biomedical applications, the formation of novel materials and many others. The importance of phage display platforms was recognized by awarding the Nobel Prize in 2018 "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies". In contrast to many review articles concerning specific applications of phage display systems published in recent years, we present an overview of this technology, including a comparison of various display systems, their advantages and disadvantages, and examples of applications in various fields of science, medicine, and the broad sense of biotechnology. Other peptide display technologies, which employ bacterial, yeast and mammalian cells, as well as eukaryotic viruses and cell-free systems, are also discussed. These powerful methods are still being developed and improved; thus, novel sophisticated tools based on phage display and other peptide display systems are constantly emerging, and new opportunities to solve various scientific, medical and technological problems can be expected to become available in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Jaroszewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Pierzynowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lidia Gaffke
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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6
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Wang M, Wang H, Niu CQ, Zhang T, Wu Z, Li Z. Tetrazine-TCO Ligation: A Potential Simple Approach to Improve Tumor Uptake through Enhanced Blood Circulation. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1795-1803. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - Crystal Q. Niu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
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7
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Suwan K, Yata T, Waramit S, Przystal JM, Stoneham CA, Bentayebi K, Asavarut P, Chongchai A, Pothachareon P, Lee KY, Topanurak S, Smith TL, Gelovani JG, Sidman RL, Pasqualini R, Arap W, Hajitou A. Next-generation of targeted AAVP vectors for systemic transgene delivery against cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:18571-18577. [PMID: 31375630 PMCID: PMC6744886 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1906653116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage (phage) have attractive advantages as delivery systems compared with mammalian viruses, but have been considered poor vectors because they lack evolved strategies to confront and overcome mammalian cell barriers to infective agents. We reasoned that improved efficacy of delivery might be achieved through structural modification of the viral capsid to avoid pre- and postinternalization barriers to mammalian cell transduction. We generated multifunctional hybrid adeno-associated virus/phage (AAVP) particles to enable simultaneous display of targeting ligands on the phage's minor pIII proteins and also degradation-resistance motifs on the very numerous pVIII coat proteins. This genetic strategy of directed evolution bestows a next-generation of AAVP particles that feature resistance to fibrinogen adsorption or neutralizing antibodies and ability to escape endolysosomal degradation. This results in superior gene transfer efficacy in vitro and also in preclinical mouse models of rodent and human solid tumors. Thus, the unique functions of our next-generation AAVP particles enable improved targeted gene delivery to tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keittisak Suwan
- Phage Therapy Group, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, United Kingdom
| | - Teerapong Yata
- Phage Therapy Group, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, United Kingdom
| | - Sajee Waramit
- Phage Therapy Group, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, United Kingdom
| | - Justyna M Przystal
- Phage Therapy Group, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte A Stoneham
- Phage Therapy Group, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaoutar Bentayebi
- Phage Therapy Group, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, United Kingdom
| | - Paladd Asavarut
- Phage Therapy Group, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, United Kingdom
| | - Aitthiphon Chongchai
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200 Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Peraphan Pothachareon
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200 Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Koon-Yang Lee
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Supachai Topanurak
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tracey L Smith
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Richard L Sidman
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103;
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Wadih Arap
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103;
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Amin Hajitou
- Phage Therapy Group, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, United Kingdom;
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Ren L, Li Q, Ma Z, Wang Y, Li H, Shen L, Yu J, Fang X. Quantum dots tethered membrane type 3 matrix metalloproteinase-targeting peptide for tumor optical imaging. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7719-7727. [PMID: 32254894 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02025f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Membrane type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) play important roles in malignant tumor progression through the degradation of the extracellular matrix and signal transduction. However, a member of the family, MT3-MMP, has attracted the least concern compared with other MT-MMPs. Here, a novel MT3-MMP-targeting peptide with high affinity and specificity has been developed by a phage-display peptide screening technology and multiple biophysics measurements, including single-molecule recognition force spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry. The binding peptides are conjugated on the surface of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and consequently acted as a ligand that specifically targets MT3-MMP overexpressed tumor cells. The imaging nanoprobes used QDs as the photographic developer for optical imaging in vivo. The nanoprobes exhibited a desirable targeting effect and generated good biodistribution profiles for visualization and imaging of MT3-MMP overexpressed tumor. The peptide could be useful to evaluate the distribution and expression of MT3-MMP. Furthermore, the peptide-functionalized QDs show potential application for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Street, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P. R. China
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9
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Xu Y, Tian M, Zhang H, Xiao Y, Hong X, Sun Y. Recent development on peptide-based probes for multifunctional biomedical imaging. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Landscape Phage: Evolution from Phage Display to Nanobiotechnology. Viruses 2018; 10:v10060311. [PMID: 29880747 PMCID: PMC6024655 DOI: 10.3390/v10060311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of phage engineering technology has led to the construction of a novel type of phage display library-a collection of nanofiber materials with diverse molecular landscapes accommodated on the surface of phage particles. These new nanomaterials, called the "landscape phage", serve as a huge resource of diagnostic/detection probes and versatile construction materials for the preparation of phage-functionalized biosensors and phage-targeted nanomedicines. Landscape-phage-derived probes interact with biological threat agents and generate detectable signals as a part of robust and inexpensive molecular recognition interfaces introduced in mobile detection devices. The use of landscape-phage-based interfaces may greatly improve the sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, and longevity of these devices. In another area of bioengineering, landscape-phage technology has facilitated the development and testing of targeted nanomedicines. The development of high-throughput phage selection methods resulted in the discovery of a variety of cancer cell-associated phages and phage proteins demonstrating natural proficiency to self-assemble into various drug- and gene-targeting nanovehicles. The application of this new "phage-programmed-nanomedicines" concept led to the development of a number of cancer cell-targeting nanomedicine platforms, which demonstrated anticancer efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. This review was prepared to attract the attention of chemical scientists and bioengineers seeking to develop functionalized nanomaterials and use them in different areas of bioscience, medicine, and engineering.
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Xiao X, Kuang Z, Slocik JM, Tadepalli S, Brothers M, Kim S, Mirau PA, Butkus C, Farmer BL, Singamaneni S, Hall CK, Naik RR. Advancing Peptide-Based Biorecognition Elements for Biosensors Using in-Silico Evolution. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1024-1031. [PMID: 29741092 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sensors for human health and performance monitoring require biological recognition elements (BREs) at device interfaces for the detection of key molecular biomarkers that are measurable biological state indicators. BREs, including peptides, antibodies, and nucleic acids, bind to biomarkers in the vicinity of the sensor surface to create a signal proportional to the biomarker concentration. The discovery of BREs with the required sensitivity and selectivity to bind biomarkers at low concentrations remains a fundamental challenge. In this study, we describe an in-silico approach to evolve higher sensitivity peptide-based BREs for the detection of cardiac event marker protein troponin I (cTnI) from a previously identified BRE as the parental affinity peptide. The P2 affinity peptide, evolved using our in-silico method, was found to have ∼16-fold higher affinity compared to the parent BRE and ∼10 fM (0.23 pg/mL) limit of detection. The approach described here can be applied towards designing BREs for other biomarkers for human health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqing Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | | | | | - Sirimuvva Tadepalli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Carol K. Hall
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Ganda IS, Zhong Q, Hali M, Albuquerque RLC, Padilha FF, da Rocha SRP, Whittum-Hudson JA. Dendrimer-conjugated peptide vaccine enhances clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection. Int J Pharm 2017; 527:79-91. [PMID: 28546072 PMCID: PMC5522616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based vaccines have emerged in recent years as promising candidates in the prevention of infectious diseases. However, there are many challenges to maintaining in vivo peptide stability and enhancement of peptide immunogenicity to generate protective immunity which enhances clearance of infections. Here, a dendrimer-based carrier system is proposed for peptide-based vaccine delivery, and shows its anti-microbial feasibility in a mouse model of Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydiae are the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacteria worldwide, and also the causal agent of trachoma, the leading cause of preventable infectious blindness. In spite of the prevalence of this infectious agent and the many previous vaccine-related studies, there is no vaccine commercially available. The carrier system proposed consists of generation 4, hydroxyl-terminated, polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers (G4OH), to which a peptide mimic of a chlamydial glycolipid antigen-Peptide 4 (Pep4, AFPQFRSATLLL) was conjugated through an ester bond. The ester bond between G4OH and Pep4 is expected to break down mainly in the intracellular environment for antigen presentation. Pep4 conjugated to dendrimer induced Chlamydia-specific serum antibodies after subcutaneous immunizations. Further, this new vaccine formulation significantly protected immunized animals from vaginal challenge with infectious Chlamydia trachomatis, and it reduced infectious loads and tissue (genital tract) damage. Pep4 conjugated to G4OH or only mixed with peptide provided enhanced protection compared to Pep4 and adjuvant (i.e. alum), suggesting a potential adjuvant effect of the PAMAM dendrimer. Combined, these results demonstrate that hydroxyl-terminated PAMAM dendrimer is a promising polymeric nanocarrier platform for the delivery of peptide vaccines and this approach has potential to be expanded to other infectious intracellular bacteria and viruses of public health significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid S Ganda
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Technology and Research Institute, Tiradentes University, Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Departments of Immunology and Microbiology, Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), and Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Qian Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Mirabela Hali
- Departments of Immunology and Microbiology, Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), and Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Ricardo L C Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Morphology and Structural Biology, Technology and Research Institute, Tiradentes University, Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil.
| | - Francine F Padilha
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Technology and Research Institute, Tiradentes University, Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil.
| | - Sandro R P da Rocha
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Technology and Research Institute, Tiradentes University, Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Judith A Whittum-Hudson
- Departments of Immunology and Microbiology, Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), and Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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13
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Zade HM, Keshavarz R, Shekarabi HSZ, Bakhshinejad B. Biased selection of propagation-related TUPs from phage display peptide libraries. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1293-1308. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Sunderland KS, Yang M, Mao C. Phage-Enabled Nanomedicine: From Probes to Therapeutics in Precision Medicine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1964-1992. [PMID: 27491926 PMCID: PMC5311110 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Both lytic and temperate bacteriophages (phages) can be applied in nanomedicine, in particular, as nanoprobes for precise disease diagnosis and nanotherapeutics for targeted disease treatment. Since phages are bacteria-specific viruses, they do not naturally infect eukaryotic cells and are not toxic to them. They can be genetically engineered to target nanoparticles, cells, tissues, and organs, and can also be modified with functional abiotic nanomaterials for disease diagnosis and treatment. This Review will summarize the current use of phage structures in many aspects of precision nanomedicine, including ultrasensitive biomarker detection, enhanced bioimaging for disease diagnosis, targeted drug and gene delivery, directed stem cell differentiation, accelerated tissue formation, effective vaccination, and nanotherapeutics for targeted disease treatment. We will also propose future directions in the area of phage-based nanomedicines, and discuss the state of phage-based clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kegan S Sunderland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Mingying Yang
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
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15
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Sunderland KS, Yang M, Mao C. Nanomedizin auf Phagenbasis: von Sonden zu Therapeutika für eine Präzisionsmedizin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kegan S. Sunderland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center University of Oklahoma 101 Stephenson Parkway Norman Oklahoma 73019 USA
| | - Mingying Yang
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research College of Animal Science Zhejiang University Yuhangtang Road 866 Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center University of Oklahoma 101 Stephenson Parkway Norman Oklahoma 73019 USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
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16
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Martins IM, Reis RL, Azevedo HS. Phage Display Technology in Biomaterials Engineering: Progress and Opportunities for Applications in Regenerative Medicine. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2962-2980. [PMID: 27661443 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine has been gaining momentum steadily over the past few years. The emphasis in regenerative medicine is to use various in vitro and in vivo approaches that leverage the intrinsic healing mechanisms of the body to treat patients with disabling injuries and chronic diseases such as diabetes, osteoarthritis, and degenerative disorders of the cardiovascular and central nervous system. Phage display has been successfully employed to identify peptide ligands for a wide variety of targets, ranging from relatively small molecules (enzymes, cell receptors) to inorganic, organic, and biological (tissues) materials. Over the past two decades, phage display technology has advanced tremendously and has become a powerful tool in the most varied fields of research, including biotechnology, materials science, cell biology, pharmacology, and diagnostics. The growing interest in and success of phage display libraries is largely due to its incredible versatility and practical use. This review discusses the potential of phage display technology in biomaterials engineering for applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivone M. Martins
- 3B’s Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of
the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative
Medicine, AvePark, 4805-717 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- CEB − Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of
the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative
Medicine, AvePark, 4805-717 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Helena S. Azevedo
- 3B’s Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of
the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative
Medicine, AvePark, 4805-717 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- School of Engineering & Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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17
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Benito-Peña E, Valdés MG, Glahn-Martínez B, Moreno-Bondi MC. Fluorescence based fiber optic and planar waveguide biosensors. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 943:17-40. [PMID: 27769374 PMCID: PMC7094704 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of optical biosensors, specifically those that use optical fibers and planar waveguides, has escalated throughout the years in many fields, including environmental analysis, food safety and clinical diagnosis. Fluorescence is, without doubt, the most popular transducer signal used in these devices because of its higher selectivity and sensitivity, but most of all due to its wide versatility. This paper focuses on the working principles and configurations of fluorescence-based fiber optic and planar waveguide biosensors and will review biological recognition elements, sensing schemes, as well as some major and recent applications, published in the last ten years. The main goal is to provide the reader a general overview of a field that requires the joint collaboration of researchers of many different areas, including chemistry, physics, biology, engineering, and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Benito-Peña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayra Granda Valdés
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of La Habana, 10400 La Habana, Cuba
| | - Bettina Glahn-Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria C Moreno-Bondi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Sharma S, Chatterjee S, Datta S, Prasad R, Dubey D, Prasad RK, Vairale MG. Bacteriophages and its applications: an overview. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2016; 62:17-55. [PMID: 27718043 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-016-0471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (or phages), the most abundant viral entity of the planet, are omni-present in all the ecosystems. On the basis of their unique characteristics and anti-bacterial property, phages are being freshly evaluated taxonomically. Phages replicate inside the host either by lytic or lysogenic mode after infecting and using the cellular machinery of a bacterium. Since their discovery by Twort and d'Herelle in the early 1900s, phage became an important agent for combating pathogenic bacteria in clinical treatments and its related research gained momentum. However, due to recent emergence of bacterial resistance on antibiotics, applications of phage (phage therapy) become an inevitable option of research. Phage particles become popular as a biotechnological tool and treatment of pathogenic bacteria in a range of applied areas. However, there are few concerns over the application of phage-based solutions. This review deals with the updated phage taxonomy (ICTV 2015 Release and subsequent revision) and phage biology and the recent development of its application in the areas of biotechnology, biosensor, therapeutic medicine, food preservation, aquaculture diseases, pollution remediation, and wastewater treatment and issues related with limitations of phage-based remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Sharma
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | | | | | - Rishika Prasad
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | | | | | - Mohan G Vairale
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
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19
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Janczuk M, Niedziółka-Jönsson J, Szot-Karpińska K. Bacteriophages in electrochemistry: A review. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Koch C, Wabbel K, Eber FJ, Krolla-Sidenstein P, Azucena C, Gliemann H, Eiben S, Geiger F, Wege C. Modified TMV Particles as Beneficial Scaffolds to Present Sensor Enzymes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1137. [PMID: 26734040 PMCID: PMC4689848 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a robust nanotubular nucleoprotein scaffold increasingly employed for the high density presentation of functional molecules such as peptides, fluorescent dyes, and antibodies. We report on its use as advantageous carrier for sensor enzymes. A TMV mutant with a cysteine residue exposed on every coat protein (CP) subunit (TMVCys) enabled the coupling of bifunctional maleimide-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-biotin linkers (TMVCys/Bio). Its surface was equipped with two streptavidin [SA]-conjugated enzymes: glucose oxidase ([SA]-GOx) and horseradish peroxidase ([SA]-HRP). At least 50% of the CPs were decorated with a linker molecule, and all thereof with active enzymes. Upon use as adapter scaffolds in conventional "high-binding" microtiter plates, TMV sticks allowed the immobilization of up to 45-fold higher catalytic activities than control samples with the same input of enzymes. Moreover, they increased storage stability and reusability in relation to enzymes applied directly to microtiter plate wells. The functionalized TMV adsorbed to solid supports showed a homogeneous distribution of the conjugated enzymes and structural integrity of the nanorods upon transmission electron and atomic force microscopy. The high surface-increase and steric accessibility of the viral scaffolds in combination with the biochemical environment provided by the plant viral coat may explain the beneficial effects. TMV can, thus, serve as a favorable multivalent nanoscale platform for the ordered presentation of bioactive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Koch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
| | - Katrin Wabbel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
| | - Fabian J. Eber
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Krolla-Sidenstein
- Chemistry of Oxydic and Organic Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carlos Azucena
- Chemistry of Oxydic and Organic Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Chemistry of Oxydic and Organic Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sabine Eiben
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
| | - Fania Geiger
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max-Planck-Institute for Intelligent SystemsStuttgart, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
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21
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Sattar S, Bennett NJ, Wen WX, Guthrie JM, Blackwell LF, Conway JF, Rakonjac J. Ff-nano, short functionalized nanorods derived from Ff (f1, fd, or M13) filamentous bacteriophage. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:316. [PMID: 25941520 PMCID: PMC4403547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
F-specific filamentous phage of Escherichia coli (Ff: f1, M13, or fd) are long thin filaments (860 nm × 6 nm). They have been a major workhorse in display technologies and bionanotechnology; however, some applications are limited by the high length-to-diameter ratio of Ff. Furthermore, use of functionalized Ff outside of laboratory containment is in part hampered by the fact that they are genetically modified viruses. We have now developed a system for production and purification of very short functionalized Ff-phage-derived nanorods, named Ff-nano, that are only 50 nm in length. In contrast to standard Ff-derived vectors that replicate in E. coli and contain antibiotic-resistance genes, Ff-nano are protein-DNA complexes that cannot replicate on their own and do not contain any coding sequences. These nanorods show an increased resistance to heating at 70∘C in 1% SDS in comparison to the full-length Ff phage of the same coat composition. We demonstrate that functionalized Ff-nano particles are suitable for application as detection particles in sensitive and quantitative “dipstick” lateral flow diagnostic assay for human plasma fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Sattar
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Bennett
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wesley X Wen
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jenness M Guthrie
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University Palmerston North, New Zealand ; Science Haven Limited, Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Len F Blackwell
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University Palmerston North, New Zealand ; Science Haven Limited, Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - James F Conway
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jasna Rakonjac
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University Palmerston North, New Zealand
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22
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Wang T, Yang S, Mei LA, Parmar CK, Gillespie JW, Praveen KP, Petrenko VA, Torchilin VP. Paclitaxel-loaded PEG-PE-based micellar nanopreparations targeted with tumor-specific landscape phage fusion protein enhance apoptosis and efficiently reduce tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2864-75. [PMID: 25239936 PMCID: PMC4258532 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to improve the therapeutic index of cancer chemotherapy, we developed an advanced nanopreparation based on the combination of landscape phage display to obtain new targeting ligands with micellar nanoparticles for tumor targeting of water-insoluble neoplastic agents. With paclitaxel as a drug, this self-assembled nanopreparation composed of MCF-7-specific phage protein and polyethylene glycol-phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE) micelles showed selective toxicity to target cancer cells rather than nontarget, non cancer cells in vitro. In vivo, the targeted phage micelles triggered a dramatic tumor reduction and extensive necrosis as a result of improved tumor delivery of paclitaxel. The enhanced anticancer effect was also verified by an enhanced apoptosis and reduced tumor cell proliferation following the treatment with the targeted micellar paclitaxel both in vitro and in vivo. The absence of hepatotoxicity and pathologic changes in tissue sections of vital organs, together with maintenance of overall health of mice following the treatment, further support its translational potential as an effective and safe chemotherapy for improved breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shenghong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leslie A Mei
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chirag K Parmar
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Kulkarni P Praveen
- Center for Translational Imaging, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts. King Abdulaziz University, Abdullah Sulayman, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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23
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Bedi D, Gillespie JW, Petrenko VA. Selection of pancreatic cancer cell-binding landscape phages and their use in development of anticancer nanomedicines. Protein Eng Des Sel 2014; 27:235-43. [PMID: 24899628 PMCID: PMC4064708 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzu020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is hypothesized that the use of targeted drug delivery systems can significantly improve the therapeutic index of small molecule chemotherapies by enhancing accumulation of the drugs at the site of disease. Phage display offers a high-throughput approach for selection of the targeting ligands. We have successfully isolated phage fusion proteins selective and specific for PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Doxorubicin liposomes (Lipodox) modified with tumor-specific phage fusion proteins enhanced doxorubicin uptake specifically in PANC-1 cells as compared with unmodified Lipodox and also compared with normal breast epithelial cells. Phage protein-targeted Lipodox substantially increased the concentration of doxorubicin in the nuclei of PANC-1 cells in spite of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux. The in vitro cytotoxic activity obtained with pancreatic cell-targeted Lipodox was greater than that of unmodified Lipodox. We present a novel and straightforward method for preparing pancreatic tumor-targeted nanomedicines by anchoring pancreatic cancer-specific phage proteins within the liposome bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bedi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA Current address: College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - James W Gillespie
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Valery A Petrenko
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
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24
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Jhaveri AM, Torchilin VP. Multifunctional polymeric micelles for delivery of drugs and siRNA. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:77. [PMID: 24795633 PMCID: PMC4007015 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric micelles, self-assembling nano-constructs of amphiphilic copolymers with a core-shell structure have been used as versatile carriers for delivery of drugs as well as nucleic acids. They have gained immense popularity owing to a host of favorable properties including their capacity to effectively solubilize a variety of poorly soluble pharmaceutical agents, biocompatibility, longevity, high stability in vitro and in vivo and the ability to accumulate in pathological areas with compromised vasculature. Moreover, additional functions can be imparted to these micelles by engineering their surface with various ligands and cell-penetrating moieties to allow for specific targeting and intracellular accumulation, respectively, to load them with contrast agents to confer imaging capabilities, and incorporating stimuli-sensitive groups that allow drug release in response to small changes in the environment. Recently, there has been an increasing trend toward designing polymeric micelles which integrate a number of the above functions into a single carrier to give rise to “smart,” multifunctional polymeric micelles. Such multifunctional micelles can be envisaged as key to improving the efficacy of current treatments which have seen a steady increase not only in hydrophobic small molecules, but also in biologics including therapeutic genes, antibodies and small interfering RNA (siRNA). The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in the development of multifunctional polymeric micelles specifically for delivery of drugs and siRNA. In spite of the tremendous potential of siRNA, its translation into clinics has been a significant challenge because of physiological barriers to its effective delivery and the lack of safe, effective and clinically suitable vehicles. To that end, we also discuss the potential and suitability of multifunctional polymeric micelles, including lipid-based micelles, as promising vehicles for both siRNA and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi M Jhaveri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Milroy LG, Grossmann TN, Hennig S, Brunsveld L, Ottmann C. Modulators of Protein–Protein Interactions. Chem Rev 2014; 114:4695-748. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400698c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lech-Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech
2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tom N. Grossmann
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn Straße 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sven Hennig
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn Straße 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech
2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech
2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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26
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Justo GZ, Suarez ER, Melo C, Lima MA, Nader HB, Pinhal MAS. From Combinatorial Display Techniques to Microarray Technology: New Approaches to the Development and Toxicological Profiling of Targeted Nanomedicines. Nanotoxicology 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8993-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Petrenko VA, Jayanna PK. Phage protein-targeted cancer nanomedicines. FEBS Lett 2013; 588:341-9. [PMID: 24269681 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanoencapsulation of anticancer drugs improves their therapeutic indices by virtue of the enhanced permeation and retention effect which achieves passive targeting of nanoparticles in tumors. This effect can be significantly enhanced by active targeting of nanovehicles to tumors. Numerous ligands have been proposed and used in various studies with peptides being considered attractive alternatives to antibodies. This is further reinforced by the availability of peptide phage display libraries which offer an unlimited reservoir of target-specific probes. In particular landscape phages with multivalent display of target-specific peptides which enable the phage particle itself to become a nanoplatform creates a paradigm for high throughput selection of nanoprobes setting the stage for personalized cancer management. Despite its promise, this conjugate of combinatorial chemistry and nanotechnology has not made a significant clinical impact in cancer management due to a lack of using robust processes that facilitate scale-up and manufacturing. To this end we proposed the use of phage fusion protein as the navigating modules of novel targeted nanomedicine platforms which are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Petrenko
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, United States.
| | - P K Jayanna
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, United States
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28
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A prospective overview of the essential requirements in molecular modeling for nanomedicine design. Future Med Chem 2013; 5:929-46. [PMID: 23682569 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has presented many new challenges and opportunities in the area of nanomedicine design. The issues related to nanoconjugation, nanosystem-mediated targeted drug delivery, transitional stability of nanovehicles, the integrity of drug transport, drug-delivery mechanisms and chemical structural design require a pre-estimated and determined course of assumptive actions with property and characteristic estimations for optimal nanomedicine design. Molecular modeling in nanomedicine encompasses these pre-estimations and predictions of pertinent design data via interactive computographic software. Recently, an increasing amount of research has been reported where specialized software is being developed and employed in an attempt to bridge the gap between drug discovery, materials science and biology. This review provides an assimilative and concise incursion into the current and future strategies of molecular-modeling applications in nanomedicine design and aims to describe the utilization of molecular models and theoretical-chemistry computographic techniques for expansive nanomedicine design and development.
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29
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Zhong W, Lü M, Liu L, Sun J, Zhong Z, Zhao Y, Song H. Autophagy as new emerging cellular effect of nanomaterials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-6058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Metastatic prostate cancer cell-specific phage-like particles as a targeted gene-delivery system. J Nanobiotechnology 2013; 11:31. [PMID: 24059645 PMCID: PMC3849713 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-11-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the cardinal requirements for effective therapeutic management of tumors is the selective delivery of cancer drugs to the right site by ligand-decorated nanomedicines. Screening of 2 × 109 clone landscape phage library provides a reliable avenue for generating protein ligands specific for tumor cells. It was shown that selective phage proteins derived from landscape phage libraries against breast and prostate cancer cells are able to navigate drug or siRNA loaded liposomes to corresponding cancer cells with minimal toxicity to non-neoplastic cells. In an alternative platform, glioma cell-specific phage proteins were used for assembling in vivo cancer-specific phage-like particles, named ‘phagemid infective particles’ as targeted gene-delivery vehicles. Methods To extend the panel of anticancer cell phages, we have screened a 2 × 109 clone landscape phage library f8/8 to select phage clones specific for metastatic prostate cancer cell PC-3M. The phage clones were characterized for their selective interaction with PC-3M cells using phage capture assay, immunofluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. A prostate cancer selective phage was converted to phage-like particles harboring emerald green fluorescent protein. Results Phage clone EPTHSWAT (designated by the sequence of inserted peptide) was found to be most selective for PC-3M cells and was observed to internalize PC-3M cells as revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. Conversion of this phage to phage-like particles harboring emerald green fluorescent protein and the expression of emerald green fluorescent protein in the phage-like particles treated PC-3M cells showed potential of adoption of this phage-like particle in prostate cancer therapeutic gene delivery. Conclusion Successful employment of phage-like particles expressing emerald green fluorescent protein genes targeted to prostate cancer cells PC-3M confirms a prospect of their use for targeted delivery of therapeutic genes to cancer cells.
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Wang T, Hartner WC, Gillespie JW, Praveen KP, Yang S, Mei LA, Petrenko VA, Torchilin VP. Enhanced tumor delivery and antitumor activity in vivo of liposomal doxorubicin modified with MCF-7-specific phage fusion protein. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 10:421-30. [PMID: 24028893 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A novel strategy to improve the therapeutic index of chemotherapy has been developed by the integration of nanotechnology with phage technique. The objective of this study was to combine phage display, identifying tumor-targeting ligands, with a liposomal nanocarrier for targeted delivery of doxorubicin. Following the proof of concept in cell-based experiments, this study focused on in vivo assessment of antitumor activity and potential side-effects of phage fusion protein-modified liposomal doxorubicin. MCF-7-targeted phage-Doxil treatments led to greater tumor remission and faster onset of antitumor activity than the treatments with non-targeted formulations. The enhanced anticancer effect induced by the targeted phage-Doxil correlated with an improved tumor accumulation of doxorubicin. Tumor sections consistently revealed enhanced apoptosis, reduced proliferation activity and extensive necrosis. Phage-Doxil-treated mice did not show any sign of hepatotoxicity and maintained overall health. Therefore, MCF-7-targeted phage-Doxil seems to be an active and tolerable chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR The authors of this study successfully combined phage display with a liposomal nanocarrier for targeted delivery of doxorubicin using MCF-7-targeted phage-Doxil nanocarriers in a rodent model. The method demonstrated improved efficiency and reduced hepatotoxicity, paving the way to future clinical trials addressing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William C Hartner
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James W Gillespie
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Kulkarni P Praveen
- Center for Translational Imaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shenghong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leslie A Mei
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valery A Petrenko
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Singh A, Poshtiban S, Evoy S. Recent advances in bacteriophage based biosensors for food-borne pathogen detection. SENSORS 2013. [PMID: 23364199 DOI: 10.3390/s130201763; 10.3390/s130201763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne diseases are a major health concern that can have severe impact on society and can add tremendous financial burden to our health care systems. Rapid early detection of food contamination is therefore relevant for the containment of food-borne pathogens. Conventional pathogen detection methods, such as microbiological and biochemical identification are time-consuming and laborious, while immunological or nucleic acid-based techniques require extensive sample preparation and are not amenable to miniaturization for on-site detection. Biosensors have shown tremendous promise to overcome these limitations and are being aggressively studied to provide rapid, reliable and sensitive detection platforms for such applications. Novel biological recognition elements are studied to improve the selectivity and facilitate integration on the transduction platform for sensitive detection. Bacteriophages are one such unique biological entity that show excellent host selectivity and have been actively used as recognition probes for pathogen detection. This review summarizes the extensive literature search on the application of bacteriophages (and recently their receptor binding proteins) as probes for sensitive and selective detection of foodborne pathogens, and critically outlines their advantages and disadvantages over other recognition elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada.
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Singh A, Poshtiban S, Evoy S. Recent advances in bacteriophage based biosensors for food-borne pathogen detection. SENSORS 2013; 13:1763-86. [PMID: 23364199 PMCID: PMC3649382 DOI: 10.3390/s130201763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne diseases are a major health concern that can have severe impact on society and can add tremendous financial burden to our health care systems. Rapid early detection of food contamination is therefore relevant for the containment of food-borne pathogens. Conventional pathogen detection methods, such as microbiological and biochemical identification are time-consuming and laborious, while immunological or nucleic acid-based techniques require extensive sample preparation and are not amenable to miniaturization for on-site detection. Biosensors have shown tremendous promise to overcome these limitations and are being aggressively studied to provide rapid, reliable and sensitive detection platforms for such applications. Novel biological recognition elements are studied to improve the selectivity and facilitate integration on the transduction platform for sensitive detection. Bacteriophages are one such unique biological entity that show excellent host selectivity and have been actively used as recognition probes for pathogen detection. This review summarizes the extensive literature search on the application of bacteriophages (and recently their receptor binding proteins) as probes for sensitive and selective detection of foodborne pathogens, and critically outlines their advantages and disadvantages over other recognition elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada.
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Tonelli RR, Colli W, Alves MJM. Selection of binding targets in parasites using phage-display and aptamer libraries in vivo and in vitro. Front Immunol 2013; 3:419. [PMID: 23316203 PMCID: PMC3540409 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasite infections are largely dependent on interactions between pathogen and different host cell populations to guarantee a successful infectious process. This is particularly true for obligatory intracellular parasites as Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and Leishmania, to name a few. Adhesion to and entry into the cell are essential steps requiring specific parasite and host cell molecules. The large amount of possible involved molecules poses additional difficulties for their identification by the classical biochemical approaches. In this respect, the search for alternative techniques should be pursued. Among them two powerful methodologies can be employed, both relying upon the construction of highly diverse combinatorial libraries of peptides or oligonucleotides that randomly bind with high affinity to targets on the cell surface and are selectively displaced by putative ligands. These are, respectively, the peptide-based phage display and the oligonucleotide-based aptamer techniques. The phage display technique has been extensively employed for the identification of novel ligands in vitro and in vivo in different areas such as cancer, vaccine development, and epitope mapping. Particularly, phage display has been employed in the investigation of pathogen–host interactions. Although this methodology has been used for some parasites with encouraging results, in trypanosomatids its use is, as yet, scanty. RNA and DNA aptamers, developed by the SELEX process (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment), were described over two decades ago and since then contributed to a large number of structured nucleic acids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes or for the understanding of the cell biology. Similarly to the phage display technique scarce use of the SELEX process has been used in the probing of parasite–host interaction. In this review, an overall survey on the use of both phage display and aptamer technologies in different pathogenic organisms will be discussed. Using these techniques, recent results on the interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi with the host will be highlighted focusing on members of the 85 kDa protein family, a subset of the gp85/TS superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Tonelli
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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Modery-Pawlowski CL, Tian LL, Pan V, McCrae KR, Mitragotri S, Sen Gupta A. Approaches to synthetic platelet analogs. Biomaterials 2013; 34:526-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Muzard J, Platt M, Lee GU. M13 bacteriophage-activated superparamagnetic beads for affinity separation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2403-2411. [PMID: 22619210 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The growth of the biopharmaceutical industry has created a demand for new technologies for the purification of genetically engineered proteins.The efficiency of large-scale, high-gradient magnetic fishing could be improved if magnetic particles offering higher binding capacity and magnetization were available. This article describes several strategies for synthesizing microbeads that are composed of a M13 bacteriophage layer assembled on a superparamagnetic core. Chemical cross-linking of the pVIII proteins to a carboxyl-functionalized bead produces highly responsive superparamagnetic particles (SPM) with a side-on oriented, adherent virus monolayer. Also, the genetic manipulation of the pIII proteins with a His(6) peptide sequence allows reversible assembly of the bacteriophage on a nitrilotriacetic-acid-functionalized core in an end-on configuration. These phage-magnetic particles are successfully used to separate antibodies from high-protein concentration solutions in a single step with a >90% purity. The dense magnetic core of these particles makes them five times more responsive to magnetic fields than commercial materials composed of polymer-(iron oxide) composites and a monolayer of phage could produce a 1000 fold higher antibody binding capacity. These new bionanomaterials appear to be well-suited to large-scale high-gradient magnetic fishing separation and promise to be cost effective as a result of the self-assembling and self-replicating properties of genetically engineered M13 bacteriophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Muzard
- UCD Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology - University, College Dublin Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Van Dorst B, Mehta J, Rouah-Martin E, Blust R, Robbens J. Phage display as a method for discovering cellular targets of small molecules. Methods 2012; 58:56-61. [PMID: 22819857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage display can be used for the discovery of cellular targets of small molecules in order to unravel their mechanism of action, which is important in the drug discovery field to assess biological effects of drugs at the molecular level and to investigate pharmacokinetic characteristics of drugs in clinical use. The potential of phage display in the drug discovery field is shown by a lot of successful cellular target identifications of drug-like small molecules in the last decade. More recently, phage display was also introduced in environmental science to predict risks of small molecules, like nickel, 17β estradiol and bisphenol A on both environmental and human health, wherefore knowledge about the mechanism of action and cellular targets is essential. This paper discusses some important aspects of the phage display approach for the discovery of cellular targets of small molecules. The different phage display libraries and immobilization strategies used for the discovery of cellular target of small molecules are described. In general, the phage display approach is very useful in drug discovery and environmental science as a fast and cost-effective in vitro tool to determine cellular targets of small molecules, which increases our understanding of the mechanisms of action of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bieke Van Dorst
- University Antwerp, Department of Biology, Laboratory for Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Liu J, Gray WD, Davis ME, Luo Y. Peptide- and saccharide-conjugated dendrimers for targeted drug delivery: a concise review. Interface Focus 2012; 2:307-24. [PMID: 23741608 PMCID: PMC3363024 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2012.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers comprise a category of branched materials with diverse functions that can be constructed with defined architectural and chemical structures. When decorated with bioactive ligands made of peptides and saccharides through peripheral chemical groups, dendrimer conjugates are turned into nanomaterials possessing attractive binding properties with the cognate receptors. At the cellular level, bioactive dendrimer conjugates can interact with cells with avidity and selectivity, and this function has particularly stimulated interests in investigating the targeting potential of dendrimer materials for the design of drug delivery systems. In addition, bioactive dendrimer conjugates have so far been studied for their versatile capabilities to enhance stability, solubility and absorption of various types of therapeutics. This review presents a brief discussion on three aspects of the recent studies to use peptide- and saccharide-conjugated dendrimers for drug delivery: (i) synthesis methods, (ii) cell- and tissue-targeting properties and (iii) applications of conjugated dendrimers in drug delivery nanodevices. With more studies to elucidate the structure-function relationship of ligand-dendrimer conjugates in transporting drugs, the conjugated dendrimers hold promise to facilitate targeted delivery and improve drug efficacy for discovery and development of modern pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Room 206, Fangzheng Building, 298 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Warren D. Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Room 206, Fangzheng Building, 298 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Room 2127, Atlanta, GA 30322-0535, USA
| | - Michael E. Davis
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Room 2127, Atlanta, GA 30322-0535, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Room 206, Fangzheng Building, 298 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Regenerative and Implantable Medical Devices, Room 408, Building D, Guangzhou International Business Incubator, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou 510663, People's Republic of China
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Fagbohun OA, Bedi D, Grabchenko NI, Deinnocentes PA, Bird RC, Petrenko VA. Landscape phages and their fusion proteins targeted to breast cancer cells. Protein Eng Des Sel 2012; 25:271-83. [PMID: 22490956 PMCID: PMC3357133 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzs013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women in the USA. The efficacy of existing anticancer therapeutics can be improved by targeting them through conjugation with ligands binding to cellular receptors. Recently, we developed a novel drug targeting strategy based on the use of pre-selected cancer-specific 'fusion pVIII proteins' (fpVIII), as targeting ligands. To study the efficiency of this approach in animal models, we developed a panel of breast cancer cell-binding phages as a source of targeted fpVIIIs. Two landscape phage peptide libraries (8-mer f8/8 and 9-mer f8/9) were screened to isolate 132 phage variants that recognize breast carcinoma cells MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 and internalize into the cells. When tested for their interaction with the breast cancer cells in comparison with liver cancer cells HepG2, human mammary cells MCF-10A cells and serum, 16 of the phage probes selectively interacted with the breast cancer cells whereas 32 bound both breast and liver cancer cells. The most prominent cancer-specific phage DMPGTVLP, demonstrating sub-nanomolar Kd in interaction with target cells, was used for affinity chromatography of cellular membrane molecules to reveal its potential binding receptor. The isolated protein was identified by direct sequencing as cellular surface nucleolin. This conclusion was confirmed by inhibition of the phage-cell interaction with nucleolin antibodies. Other prominent phage binders VPTDTDYS, VEEGGYIAA, and DWRGDSMDS demonstrate consensus motifs common to previously identified cancer-specific peptides. Isolated phage proteins exhibit inherent binding specificity towards cancer cells, demonstrating the functional activity of the selected fused peptides. The selected phages, their peptide inserts and intact fusion proteins can serve as promising ligands for the development of targeted nanomedicines and their study in model mice with xenograft of human cells MCF-7 and ZR-75-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Valery A. Petrenko
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Wang T, Petrenko VA, Torchilin VP. Optimization of Landscape Phage Fusion Protein-Modified Polymeric PEG-PE Micelles for Improved Breast Cancer Cell Targeting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; Suppl 4:008. [PMID: 26451274 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.s4-008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic landscape phage fusion proteins with high affinity and selectivity towards breast cancer MCF-7 (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7) cells self-assemble with polymeric PEG-PE conjugates to form mixed micelles (phage-micelles) capable of cancer cell-targeted delivery of poorly-soluble drugs. While the PEG corona provides the stability and longevity to the micelles, its presence is a potential steric difficulties for the interaction of phage fusion protein with cell surface targets. We attempted to address this problem by controlling the length of the PEG block and the phage fusion protein quantity, selecting the optimal ones to produce a reasonable retention of the targeting affinity and selectivity of the MCF-7-specific phage fusion protein. Three PEG-PE conjugates with different PEG lengths were used to construct phage- and plain-micelles, followed by FACS analysis of the effect of the PEG length on their binding affinity and selectivity towards target MCF-7 cells using either a MCF-7 cell monoculture or a cell co-culture model composed of target cancer MCF-7 cells and non-target, non-cancer C166 cells expressing GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein). Both, the length of PEG and quantity of phage fusion protein had a profound impact on the targetability of the phage-micelles. Phage-micelles prepared with PEG2k-PE achieved a desirable binding affinity and selectivity. Incorporation of a minimal concentration of phage protein, up to 0.5%, produced maximal targeting efficiency towards MCF-7 cells. Overall, phage-micelles with PEG2k-PE and 0.5% of phage protein represent the optimal formulation for targeting towards breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Valery A Petrenko
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Zhang XX, Eden HS, Chen X. Peptides in cancer nanomedicine: drug carriers, targeting ligands and protease substrates. J Control Release 2012; 159:2-13. [PMID: 22056916 PMCID: PMC3288222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are attracting increasing attention as therapeutic agents, as the technologies for peptide development and manufacture continue to mature. Concurrently, with booming research in nanotechnology for biomedical applications, peptides have been studied as an important class of components in nanomedicine, and they have been used either alone or in combination with nanomaterials of every reported composition. Peptides possess many advantages, such as smallness, ease of synthesis and modification, and good biocompatibility. Their functions in cancer nanomedicine, discussed in this review, include serving as drug carriers, as targeting ligands, and as protease-responsive substrates for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiang Zhang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Li Z, Jin Q, Huang C, Dasa S, Chen L, Yap LP, Liu S, Cai H, Park R, Conti PS. Trackable and Targeted Phage as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Agent for Cancer Imaging. Am J Cancer Res 2011; 1:371-80. [PMID: 22211143 PMCID: PMC3248641 DOI: 10.7150/thno/v01p0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent advancement of nanotechnology has provided unprecedented opportunities for the development of nanoparticle enabled technologies for detecting and treating cancer. Here, we reported the construction of a PET trackable organic nanoplatform based on phage particle for targeted tumor imaging. Method: The integrin αvβ3 targeted phage nanoparticle was constructed by expressing RGD peptides on its surface. The target binding affinity of this engineered phage particle was evaluated in vitro. A bifunctional chelator (BFC) 1,4,7,10-tetraazadodecane-N,N',N",N"'-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) or 4-((8-amino-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo [6.6.6] icosane-1-ylamino) methyl) benzoic acid (AmBaSar) was then conjugated to the phage surface for 64Cu2+ chelation. After 64Cu radiolabeling, microPET imaging was performed in U87MG tumor model and the receptor specificity was confirmed by blocking experiments. Results: The phage-RGD demonstrated target specificity based on ELISA experiment. According to the TEM images, the morphology of the phage was unchanged after the modification with BFCs. The labeling yield was 25 ± 4% for 64Cu-DOTA-phage-RGD and 46 ± 5% for 64Cu-AmBaSar-phage-RGD, respectively. At 1 h time point, 64Cu-DOTA-phage-RGD and 64Cu-AmBaSar-phage-RGD have comparable tumor uptake (~ 8%ID/g). However, 64Cu-AmBaSar-phage-RGD showed significantly higher tumor uptake (13.2 ± 1.5 %ID/g, P<0.05) at late time points compared with 64Cu-DOTA-phage-RGD (10 ± 1.2 %ID/g). 64Cu-AmBaSar-phage-RGD also demonstrated significantly lower liver uptake, which could be attributed to the stability difference between these chelators. There is no significant difference between two tracers regarding the uptake in kidney and muscle at all time points tested. In order to confirm the receptor specificity, blocking experiment was performed. In the RGD blocking experiment, the cold RGD peptide was injected 2 min before the administration of 64Cu-AmBaSar-phage-RGD. Tumor uptake was partially blocked at 1 h time point. Phage-RGD particle was also used as the competitive ligand. In this case, the tumor uptake was significantly reduced and the value was kept at low level consistently. Conclusion: In this report, we constructed a PET trackable nanoplatform based on phage particle and demonstrated the imaging capability of these targeted agents. We also demonstrated that the choice of chelator could have significant impact on imaging results of nano-agents. The method established in this research may be applicable to other receptor/ligand systems for theranostic agent construction, which could have an immediate and profound impact on the field of imaging/therapy and lay the foundation for the construction of next generation cancer specific theranostic agents.
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Fryszczyn BG, Brown NG, Huang W, Balderas MA, Palzkill T. Use of periplasmic target protein capture for phage display engineering of tight-binding protein-protein interactions. Protein Eng Des Sel 2011; 24:819-28. [PMID: 21900304 PMCID: PMC3196869 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzr043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage display is a powerful tool to study and engineer protein and peptide interactions. It is not without its limitations, however, such as the requirement for target protein purification and immobilization in a correctly folded state. A protein capture method is described here that allows enrichment of tight-binding protein variants in vivo thereby eliminating the need for target protein purification and immobilization. The linkage of genotype to phenotype is achieved by placing both receptor and ligand encoding genes on the same plasmid. This allows the isolation of the tight-binding ligand-receptor pair complexes after their association in the bacterial periplasm. The interaction between the TEM-1-β-lactamase fused to the gene 3 coat protein displayed on the surface of M13 bacteriophage and the β-lactamse inhibitory protein (BLIP) expressed in soluble form with a signal sequence to export it to the periplasm was used as a model system to test the method. The system was experimentally validated using a previously characterized collection of BLIP alanine mutants with a range of binding affinities for TEM-1 β-lactamase and by isolating tight-binding variants from a library of mutants randomized at residue position Tyr50 in BLIP which contacts β-lactamase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej G. Fryszczyn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Deparment of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nicholas G. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Deparment of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wanzhi Huang
- Deparment of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Miriam A. Balderas
- Deparment of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy Palzkill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Deparment of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Lin Y, Mao C. Bio-inspired supramolecular self-assembly towards soft nanomaterials. FRONTIERS OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2011; 5:247-265. [PMID: 21980594 PMCID: PMC3185360 DOI: 10.1007/s11706-011-0141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly has proven to be a reliable approach towards versatile nanomaterials based on multiple weak intermolecular forces. In this review, the development of bio-inspired supramolecular self-assembly into soft materials and their applications are summarized. Molecular systems used in bio-inspired "bottom-up self-assembly" involve small organic molecules, peptides or proteins, nucleic acids, and viruses. Self-assembled soft nanomaterials have been exploited in various applications such as inorganic nanomaterial synthesis, drug or gene delivery, tissue engineering, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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Wang T, Kulkarni N, D'Souza GGM, Petrenko VA, Torchilin VP. On the mechanism of targeting of phage fusion protein-modified nanocarriers: only the binding peptide sequence matters. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1720-8. [PMID: 21675738 DOI: 10.1021/mp200080h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The integration of pharmaceutical nanocarriers with phage display techniques is emerging as a new paradigm for targeted cancer nanomedicines. We explored the direct use of landscape phage fusion proteins for the self-assembly of phage-derived binding peptides to liposomes for cancer cell targeting. The primary purpose of this study was to elucidate the targeting mechanism with a particular emphasis on the relative contributions of the two motifs that make up the landscape phage fusion protein (a binding peptide and the phage pVIII coat protein) to the targeting efficiency. Using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, we confirmed the formation of phage-liposomes. Using FACS analysis, fluorescence microscopy, and fluorescence photospectrometry, we found that liposomes modified with MCF-7-specific phage fusion proteins (MCF-7 binding peptide, DMPGTVLP, fused to the phage PVIII coat protein) provided a strong and specific association with target MCF-7 cancer cells but not with cocultured, nontarget cells including C166-GFP and NIH3T3. The substitution for the binding peptide fused to phage pVIII coat protein abolished the targeting specificity. The addition of free binding peptide, DMPGTVLP, competitively inhibited the interaction of MCF-7-specific phage-liposomes with target MCF-7 cells but showed no reduction of MCF-7-associated plain liposomes. The proteolysis of the binding peptide reduced MCF-7 cell-associated phage-liposomes in a proteinase K (PK) concentration-dependent manner with no effect on the binding of plain liposomes to MCF-7 cells. Overall, only the binding peptide motif was involved in the targeting specificity of phage-liposomes. The presence of phage pVIII coat protein did not interfere with the targeting efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Pulicherla N, Asokan A. Peptide affinity reagents for AAV capsid recognition and purification. Gene Ther 2011; 18:1020-4. [PMID: 21490687 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery of AAV capsid-binding peptides identified through phage panning. The heptapeptide motif GYVSRHP selectively recognized AAV serotype 8 capsids and blocked transduction in vitro. Recombinant AAV8 vectors were purified directly from crude cell lysate and supernatant through sequential application of peptide affinity and anion exchange chromatography. Peptide affinity reagents may serve as useful alternatives to monoclonal antibodies in AAV capsid recognition, and offer readily scalable solutions for purification of clinical grade AAV vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pulicherla
- Gene Therapy Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Cochran R, Cochran F. Phage display and molecular imaging: expanding fields of vision in living subjects. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2011; 27:57-94. [PMID: 21415893 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2010.10648145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In vivo molecular imaging enables non-invasive visualization of biological processes within living subjects, and holds great promise for diagnosis and monitoring of disease. The ability to create new agents that bind to molecular targets and deliver imaging probes to desired locations in the body is critically important to further advance this field. To address this need, phage display, an established technology for the discovery and development of novel binding agents, is increasingly becoming a key component of many molecular imaging research programs. This review discusses the expanding role played by phage display in the field of molecular imaging with a focus on in vivo applications. Furthermore, new methodological advances in phage display that can be directly applied to the discovery and development of molecular imaging agents are described. Various phage library selection strategies are summarized and compared, including selections against purified target, intact cells, and ex vivo tissue, plus in vivo homing strategies. An outline of the process for converting polypeptides obtained from phage display library selections into successful in vivo imaging agents is provided, including strategies to optimize in vivo performance. Additionally, the use of phage particles as imaging agents is also described. In the latter part of the review, a survey of phage-derived in vivo imaging agents is presented, and important recent examples are highlighted. Other imaging applications are also discussed, such as the development of peptide tags for site-specific protein labeling and the use of phage as delivery agents for reporter genes. The review concludes with a discussion of how phage display technology will continue to impact both basic science and clinical applications in the field of molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cochran
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Center, Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
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Wang T, Kulkarni N, Bedi D, D’Souza GGM, Papahadjopoulos-Sternberg B, Petrenko VA, Torchilin VP. In vitrooptimization of liposomal nanocarriers prepared from breast tumor cell specific phage fusion protein. J Drug Target 2011; 19:597-605. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2010.550920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wang T, Petrenko VA, Torchilin VP. Paclitaxel-loaded polymeric micelles modified with MCF-7 cell-specific phage protein: enhanced binding to target cancer cells and increased cytotoxicity. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:1007-14. [PMID: 20518562 DOI: 10.1021/mp1001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles are used as pharmaceutical carriers to increase solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Different ligands are used to prepare targeted polymeric micelles. Earlier, we developed the method for use of specific landscape phage fusion coat proteins as targeted delivery ligands and demonstrated the efficiency of this approach with doxorubicin-loaded PEGylated liposomes. Here, we describe a MCF-7 cell-specific micellar formulation self-assembled from the mixture of the micelle-forming amphiphilic polyethylene glycol-phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE) conjugate, MCF-7-specific landscape phage fusion coat protein, and the hydrophobic drug paclitaxel. These micelles demonstrated a very low cmc value and specific binding to target cells. Using an in vitro coculture model, FACS analysis, and fluorescence microscopy we showed that MCF-7 targeted phage-micelles preferentially bound to target cells compared to nontarget cells. As a result, targeted paclitaxel-loaded phage-micelles demonstrated a significantly higher cytotoxicity toward target MCF-7 cells than free drug or nontargeted micelle formulations, but failed to show such a differential toxicity toward nontarget C166 cells. Overall, cancer cell-specific phage proteins identified from phage display peptide libraries can serve as targeting ligands ("substitute antibody") for polymeric micelle-based pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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