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Ayuso P, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Gómez-Tabales J, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. An update on the pharmacogenetic considerations when prescribing dopamine receptor agonists for Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:447-460. [PMID: 37599424 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2249404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative multisystemic disorder that affects approximately 2% of the population over 65 years old. This disorder is characterized by motor symptoms which are frequently accompanied by non-motor symptoms such as cognitive disorders. Current drug therapies aim to reduce the symptoms and increase the patient's life expectancy. Nevertheless, there is heterogeneity in therapy response in terms of efficacy and adverse effects. This wide range in response may be linked to genetic variability. Thus, it has been suggested that pharmacogenomics may help to tailor and personalize drug therapy for Parkinson's disease. AREAS COVERED This review describes and updates the clinical impact of genetic factors associated with the efficacy and adverse drug reactions related to common medications used to treat Parkinson's disease. Additionally, we highlight current informative recommendations for the drug treatment of Parkinson's disease. EXPERT OPINION The pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety profiles of Parkinson's disease drugs do not favor the development of pharmacogenetic tests with a high probability of success. The chances of obtaining ground-breaking pharmacogenetics biomarkers for Parkinson's disease therapy are limited. Nevertheless, additional information on the metabolism of certain drugs, and an analysis of the potential of pharmacogenetics in novel drugs could be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ayuso
- Universidad de Extremadura, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Javier Gómez-Tabales
- Universidad de Extremadura, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Elena García-Martín
- Universidad de Extremadura, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José A G Agúndez
- Universidad de Extremadura, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
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2
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Liu G, Bai X, Yang J, Duan Y, Zhu J, Xiangyang L. Relationship between blood-brain barrier changes and drug metabolism under high-altitude hypoxia: obstacle or opportunity for drug transport? Drug Metab Rev 2023; 55:107-125. [PMID: 36823775 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2180028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is essential for maintaining the stability of the central nervous system and is also crucial for regulating drug metabolism, changes of blood-brain barrier's structure and function can influence how drugs are delivered to the brain. In high-altitude hypoxia, the central nervous system's function is drastically altered, which can cause disease and modify the metabolism of drugs in vivo. Changes in the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier and the transport of the drug across the blood-brain barrier under high-altitude hypoxia, are regulated by changes in brain microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes, either regulated by drug metabolism factors such as drug transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes. This article aims to review the effects of high-altitude hypoxia on the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier as well as the effects of changes in the blood-brain barrier on drug metabolism. We also hypothesized and explore the regulation and potential mechanisms of the blood-brain barrier and associated pathways, such as transcription factors, inflammatory factors, and nuclear receptors, in regulating drug transport under high-altitude hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Liu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
| | - Yabin Duan
- Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Junbo Zhu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
| | - Li Xiangyang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China.,State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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3
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Ayuso P, Macías Y, Gómez-Tabales J, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Molecular monitoring of patient response to painkiller drugs. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:545-558. [PMID: 35733288 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2093638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids are widely prescribed for the treatment of mild to severe pain. Wide interindividual variability regarding the analgesic efficacy and adverse reactions to these drugs (ADRs) exist, although the mechanisms responsible for these ADRs are not well understood. AREAS COVERED We provide an overview of the clinical impact of variants in genes related to the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of painkillers, as well as those associated with the susceptibility to ADRs. Also, we discuss the current pharmacogenetic-guided treatment recommendations for the therapeutic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids. EXPERT OPINION In the light of the data analyzed, common variants in genes involved in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics processes may partially explain the lack of response to painkiller treatment and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions. The implementation of high-throughput sequencing technologies may help to unveil the role of rare variants as considerable contributors to explaining the interindividual variability in drug response. Furthermore, a consensus between the diverse pharmacogenetic guidelines is necessary to extend the implementation of pharmacogenetic-guided prescription in daily clinical practice. Additionally, the physiologically-based pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics modeling techniques may contribute to the improvement of these guidelines and facilitate clinicians drug dose adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ayuso
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, UEx. ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Yolanda Macías
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, UEx. ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Tabales
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, UEx. ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Elena García-Martín
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, UEx. ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José A G Agúndez
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, UEx. ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain
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Zhu J, Chen M. The effect and safety of ropinirole in the treatment of Parkinson disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27653. [PMID: 34797288 PMCID: PMC8601351 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is necessary to conduct a meta-analysis of the clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on ropinirole in the treatment of Parkinson disease (PD), to explore the effects and safety of ropinirole, and to provide a theoretical basis for clinically safe and rational drug use. METHODS RCTs on the effectiveness and safety of ropinirole in the treatment of PD were searched. We searched Dutch medical literature database, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Knowledge Service Platform up to December 15, 2020. The Cochrane risk bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature, and the RevMan5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 12 RCTs with 3341 patients were included. The changes of Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Part II score (mean difference = -2.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.82 to -1.64) and Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Part III scores (mean difference = -4.93, 95%CI -5.25 to -4.61) in the ropinirole group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The incidence of dizziness (odd risk [OR] = 1.85, 95%CI 1.50-2.28), nausea (OR = 2.17, 95%CI 1.81-2.59), vomiting (OR = 2.73, 95%CI 1.47-5.09), and lethargy (OR = 2.19, 95%CI 1.39-3.44) in the ropinirole group was significantly higher than that in the control group (all P < .05), and there were no significant differences in the incidence of headache (OR = 1.14, 95%CI 0.79-1.65) and insomnia (OR = 1.06, 95%CI 0.72-1.55) were found between 2 groups (all P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Ropinirole can help improve the ability of daily living and exercise function of PD patients, but it will increase the incidence of related adverse reactions, which needs to be further confirmed by subsequent large-scale, high-quality RCTs.
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Sortwell CE, Hacker ML, Fischer DL, Konrad PE, Davis TL, Neimat JS, Wang L, Song Y, Mattingly ZR, Cole-Strauss A, Lipton JW, Charles PD. BDNF rs6265 Genotype Influences Outcomes of Pharmacotherapy and Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease. Neuromodulation 2021; 25:846-853. [PMID: 34288271 PMCID: PMC8770717 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The efficacy of pharmacotherapy and deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in treating Parkinson's disease motor symptoms is highly variable and may be influenced by patient genotype. The relatively common (prevalence about one in three) and protein-altering rs6265 single nucleotide polymorphism (C > T) in the gene BDNF has been associated with different clinical outcomes with levodopa. OBJECTIVE We sought to replicate this reported association in early-stage Parkinson's disease subjects and to examine whether a difference in clinical outcomes was present with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen deep brain stimulation and 13 medical therapy subjects were followed for 24 months as part of the Vanderbilt DBS in Early Stage PD clinical trial (NCT00282152, FDA IDE #G050016). Primary outcome measures were the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39. RESULTS Outcomes with drug therapy in subjects carrying the rs6265 T allele were significantly worse following 12 months of treatment compared to C/C subjects (UPDRS: +20 points, p = 0.019; PDQ-39: +16 points, p = 0.018). In contrast, rs6265 genotype had no effect on overall motor response to subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation at any time point; further, rs6265 C/C subjects treated with stimulation were associated with worse UPDRS part II scores at 24 months compared to medical therapy. CONCLUSIONS Genotyping for the rs6265 polymorphism may be useful for predicting long-term response to drug therapy and counseling Parkinson's disease patients regarding whether to consider earlier subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Validation in a larger cohort of early-stage Parkinson's disease subjects is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryl E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Mallory L Hacker
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David Luke Fischer
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Peter E Konrad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas L Davis
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph S Neimat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lily Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yanna Song
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zach R Mattingly
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Allyson Cole-Strauss
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jack W Lipton
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - P David Charles
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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6
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Vuletić V, Rački V, Papić E, Peterlin B. A Systematic Review of Parkinson's Disease Pharmacogenomics: Is There Time for Translation into the Clinics? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137213. [PMID: 34281267 PMCID: PMC8268929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease, which creates a significant public health burden. There is a challenge for the optimization of therapies since patients not only respond differently to current treatment options but also develop different side effects to the treatment. Genetic variability in the human genome can serve as a biomarker for the metabolism, availability of drugs and stratification of patients for suitable therapies. The goal of this systematic review is to assess the current evidence for the clinical translation of pharmacogenomics in the personalization of treatment for Parkinson's disease. METHODS We performed a systematic search of Medline database for publications covering the topic of pharmacogenomics and genotype specific mutations in Parkinson's disease treatment, along with a manual search, and finally included a total of 116 publications in the review. RESULTS We analyzed 75 studies and 41 reviews published up to December of 2020. Most research is focused on levodopa pharmacogenomic properties and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzymatic pathway polymorphisms, which have potential for clinical implementation due to changes in treatment response and side-effects. Likewise, there is some consistent evidence in the heritability of impulse control disorder via Opioid Receptor Kappa 1 (OPRK1), 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2A (HTR2a) and Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) genotypes, and hyperhomocysteinemia via the Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. On the other hand, many available studies vary in design and methodology and lack in sample size, leading to inconsistent findings. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review demonstrated that the evidence for implementation of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice is still lacking and that further research needs to be done to enable a more personalized approach to therapy for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimira Vuletić
- Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (V.R.); (E.P.)
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentino Rački
- Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (V.R.); (E.P.)
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Eliša Papić
- Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (V.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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7
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Nwabufo CK, Aigbogun OP, Allen KJH, Owens MN, Lee JS, Phenix CP, Krol ES. Employing in vitro metabolism to guide design of F-labelled PET probes of novel α-synuclein binding bifunctional compounds. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:885-900. [PMID: 34187286 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1943566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A challenge in the development of novel 18F-labelled positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probes is identification of metabolically stable sites to incorporate the 18F radioisotope. Metabolic loss of 18F from PET probes in vivo can lead to misleading biodistribution data as displaced 18F can accumulate in various tissues.In this study we report on in vitro hepatic microsomal metabolism of novel caffeine containing bifunctional compounds (C8-6-I, C8-6-N, C8-6-C8) that can prevent in vitro aggregation of α-synuclein, which is associated with the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. The metabolic profile obtained guided us to synthesize stable isotope 19F-labelled analogues in which the fluorine was introduced at the metabolically stable N7 of the caffeine moiety.An in vitro hepatic microsomal metabolism study of the 19F-labelled analogues resulted in similar metabolites to the unlabelled compounds and demonstrated that the fluorine was metabolically stable, suggesting that these analogues are appropriate PET imaging probes. This straightforward in vitro strategy is valuable for avoiding costly stability failures when designing radiolabelled compounds for PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwunonso K Nwabufo
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Kevin J H Allen
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Madeline N Owens
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jeremy S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Ed S Krol
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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8
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Li X, Wang W, Yan J, Zeng F. Glutamic Acid Transporters: Targets for Neuroprotective Therapies in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:678154. [PMID: 34220434 PMCID: PMC8242205 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.678154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly individuals. At present, no effective drug has been developed to treat PD. Although a variety of drugs exist for the symptomatic treatment of PD, they all have strong side effects. Most studies on PD mainly focus on dopaminergic neurons. This review highlights the function of glutamic acid transporters (GLTs), including excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) and vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs), during the development of PD. In addition, using bioinformatics, we compared the expression of different types of glutamate transporter genes in the cingulate gyrus of PD patients and healthy controls. More importantly, we suggest that the functional roles of glutamate transporters may prove beneficial in the treatment of PD. In summary, VGLUTs and EAATs may be potential targets in the treatment of PD. VGLUTs and EAATs can be used as clinical drug targets to achieve better efficacy. Through this review article, we hope to enable future researchers to improve the condition of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianghong Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fancai Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Cacabelos R, Carrera I, Martínez O, Alejo R, Fernández-Novoa L, Cacabelos P, Corzo L, Rodríguez S, Alcaraz M, Nebril L, Tellado I, Cacabelos N, Pego R, Naidoo V, Carril JC. Atremorine in Parkinson's disease: From dopaminergic neuroprotection to pharmacogenomics. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2841-2886. [PMID: 34106485 DOI: 10.1002/med.21838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atremorine is a novel bioproduct obtained by nondenaturing biotechnological processes from a genetic species of Vicia faba. Atremorine is a potent dopamine (DA) enhancer with powerful effects on the neuronal dopaminergic system, acting as a neuroprotective agent in Parkinson's disease (PD). Over 97% of PD patients respond to a single dose of Atremorine (5 g, p.o.) 1 h after administration. This response is gender-, time-, dose-, and genotype-dependent, with optimal doses ranging from 5 to 20 g/day, depending upon disease severity and concomitant medication. Drug-free patients show an increase in DA levels from 12.14 ± 0.34 pg/ml to 6463.21 ± 1306.90 pg/ml; and patients chronically treated with anti-PD drugs show an increase in DA levels from 1321.53 ± 389.94 pg/ml to 16,028.54 ± 4783.98 pg/ml, indicating that Atremorine potentiates the dopaminergic effects of conventional anti-PD drugs. Atremorine also influences the levels of other neurotransmitters (adrenaline, noradrenaline) and hormones which are regulated by DA (e.g., prolactin, PRL), with no effect on serotonin or histamine. The variability in Atremorine-induced DA response is highly attributable to pharmacogenetic factors. Polymorphic variants in pathogenic (SNCA, NUCKS1, ITGA8, GPNMB, GCH1, BCKDK, APOE, LRRK2, ACMSD), mechanistic (DRD2), metabolic (CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4/5, NAT2), transporter (ABCB1, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A4) and pleiotropic genes (APOE) influence the DA response to Atremorine and its psychomotor and brain effects. Atremorine enhances DNA methylation and displays epigenetic activity via modulation of the pharmacoepigenetic network. Atremorine is a novel neuroprotective agent for dopaminergic neurons with potential prophylactic and therapeutic activity in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Department of Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Iván Carrera
- Department of Health Biotechnology, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Olaia Martínez
- Department of Medical Epigenetics, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | | | | | - Pablo Cacabelos
- Department of Digital Diagnosis, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Lola Corzo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Susana Rodríguez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Margarita Alcaraz
- Department of Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Laura Nebril
- Department of Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Iván Tellado
- Department of Digital Diagnosis, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Natalia Cacabelos
- Department of Medical Documentation, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Rocío Pego
- Department of Neuropsychology, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Vinogran Naidoo
- Department of Neuroscience, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Juan C Carril
- Department of Genomics & Pharmacogenomics, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
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10
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Boonstra EA, van Schouwenburg MR, Seth AK, Bauer M, Zantvoord JB, Kemper EM, Lansink CS, Slagter HA. Conscious perception and the modulatory role of dopamine: no effect of the dopamine D2 agonist cabergoline on visual masking, the attentional blink, and probabilistic discrimination. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:2855-2872. [PMID: 32621073 PMCID: PMC7501106 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Conscious perception is thought to depend on global amplification of sensory input. In recent years, striatal dopamine has been proposed to be involved in gating information and conscious access, due to its modulatory influence on thalamocortical connectivity. OBJECTIVES Since much of the evidence that implicates striatal dopamine is correlational, we conducted a double-blind crossover pharmacological study in which we administered cabergoline-a dopamine D2 agonist-and placebo to 30 healthy participants. Under both conditions, we subjected participants to several well-established experimental conscious-perception paradigms, such as backward masking and the attentional blink task. RESULTS We found no evidence in support of an effect of cabergoline on conscious perception: key behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) findings associated with each of these tasks were unaffected by cabergoline. CONCLUSIONS Our results cast doubt on a causal role for dopamine in visual perception. It remains an open possibility that dopamine has causal effects in other tasks, perhaps where perceptual uncertainty is more prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Boonstra
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam (iBBA) Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - M R van Schouwenburg
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A K Seth
- Department of Informatics Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Azrieli Programme on Brain, Mind, and Consciousness, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Bauer
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - J B Zantvoord
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The Bascule, Academic Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - E M Kemper
- Department of Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C S Lansink
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H A Slagter
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam (iBBA) Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Cacabelos R. Pharmacogenomics of drugs used to treat brain disorders. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2020.1738217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Cacabelos
- International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Corunna, Spain
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12
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Cox MA, Bassi C, Saunders ME, Nechanitzky R, Morgado-Palacin I, Zheng C, Mak TW. Beyond neurotransmission: acetylcholine in immunity and inflammation. J Intern Med 2020; 287:120-133. [PMID: 31710126 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) is best known as a neurotransmitter and was the first such molecule identified. ACh signalling in the neuronal cholinergic system has long been known to regulate numerous biological processes (reviewed by Beckmann and Lips). In actuality, ACh is a ubiquitous signalling molecule that is produced by numerous non-neuronal cell types and even by some single-celled organisms. Within multicellular organisms, a non-neuronal cholinergic system that includes the immune system functions in parallel with the neuronal cholinergic system. Several immune cell types both respond to ACh signals and can directly produce ACh. Recent work from our laboratory has demonstrated that the capacity to produce ACh is an intrinsic property of T cells responding to viral infection, and that this ability to produce ACh is dependent upon IL-21 signalling to the T cells. Furthermore, during infection this immune-derived ACh is necessary for the T cells to migrate into infected tissues. In this review, we will discuss the various sources of ACh that are relevant during immune responses and describe how ACh acts on immune cells to influence their functions. We will also address the clinical implications of this fascinating aspect of immunity, focusing on ACh's role in the migration of T cells during infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Cox
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Bassi
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M E Saunders
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Nechanitzky
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - I Morgado-Palacin
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Zheng
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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13
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Abstract
Pharmacogenetics is the branch of personalized medicine concerned with the variability in drug response occurring because of heredity. Advances in genetics research, and decreasing costs of gene sequencing, are promoting tremendous growth in pharmacogenetics in all areas of medicine, including sleep medicine. This article reviews the body of research indicating that there are genetic variations that affect the therapeutic actions and adverse effects of agents used for the treatment of sleep disorders to show the potential of pharmacogenetics to improve the clinical practice of sleep medicine.
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Redenšek S, Jenko Bizjan B, Trošt M, Dolžan V. Clinical-Pharmacogenetic Predictive Models for Time to Occurrence of Levodopa Related Motor Complications in Parkinson's Disease. Front Genet 2019; 10:461. [PMID: 31156712 PMCID: PMC6532453 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The response to dopaminergic treatment in Parkinson's disease depends on many clinical and genetic factors. The very common motor fluctuations (MF) and dyskinesia affect approximately half of patients after 5 years of treatment with levodopa. We did an evaluation of a combined effect of 16 clinical parameters and 34 single nucleotide polymorphisms to build clinical and clinical-pharmacogenetic models for prediction of time to occurrence of motor complications and to compare their predictive abilities. In total, 220 Parkinson's disease patients were included in the analysis. Their demographic, clinical, and genotype data were obtained. The combined effect of clinical and genetic factors was assessed using The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator penalized regression in the Cox proportional hazards model. Clinical and clinical-pharmacogenetic models were constructed. The predictive capacity of the models was evaluated with the cross-validated area under time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve. Clinical-pharmacogenetic model included age at diagnosis (HR = 0.99), time from diagnosis to initiation of levodopa treatment (HR = 1.24), COMT rs165815 (HR = 0.90), DRD3 rs6280 (HR = 1.03), and BIRC5 rs9904341 (HR = 0.95) as predictive factors for time to occurrence of MF. Furthermore, clinical-pharmacogenetic model for prediction of time to occurrence of dyskinesia included female sex (HR = 1.07), age at diagnosis (HR = 0.97), tremor-predominant Parkinson's disease (HR = 0.88), beta-blockers (HR = 0.95), alcohol consumption (HR = 0.99), time from diagnosis to initiation of levodopa treatment (HR = 1.15), CAT rs1001179 (HR = 1.27), SOD2 rs4880 (HR = 0.95), NOS1 rs2293054 (HR = 0.99), COMT rs165815 (HR = 0.92), and SLC22A1 rs628031 (HR = 0.80). Areas under the curves for clinical and clinical-pharmacogenetic models for MF after 5 years of levodopa treatment were 0.68 and 0.70, respectively. Areas under the curves for clinical and clinical-pharmacogenetic models for dyskinesia after 5 years of levodopa treatment were 0.71 and 0.68, respectively. These results show that clinical-pharmacogenetic models do not have better ability to predict time to occurrence of motor complications in comparison to the clinical ones despite the significance of several polymorphisms. Models could be improved by a larger sample size and by additional polymorphisms, epigenetic predictors or serum biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Redenšek
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Jenko Bizjan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Trošt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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15
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Latt MD, Lewis S, Zekry O, Fung VSC. Factors to Consider in the Selection of Dopamine Agonists for Older Persons with Parkinson's Disease. Drugs Aging 2019; 36:189-202. [PMID: 30623310 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-018-0629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine agonists (DAs) are frequently used in the management of Parkinson's disease (PD), a complex multisystem disorder influenced substantially by age-related factors. Over 80% of PD patients present after age 60 years and may have clinical features exacerbated by age-related comorbidities or decline in physiological compensatory mechanisms. Pharmacotherapy for motor symptoms in older persons is more likely to involve exclusive use of levodopa combined with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor throughout the course of the illness. Non-ergot DAs, such as pramipexole, rotigotine and ropinirole, may be used as de novo monotherapy for the control of motor symptoms in older persons, although they are less efficacious than levodopa therapy. DAs may also be considered as adjunct therapy in older persons when motor symptoms are no longer adequately controlled by levodopa or when motor fluctuations and dyskinesia appear. DAs may be used cautiously in older persons with cognitive impairment and orthostatic hypotension but should be avoided when there is a history or risk of psychosis or impulse control disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Dominic Latt
- Geriatric Medicine Department, University of Sydney, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, KGV Level 7, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Simon Lewis
- Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Olfat Zekry
- Department of Pharmacy, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Victor S C Fung
- Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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16
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Landolt HP, Holst SC, Valomon A. Clinical and Experimental Human Sleep-Wake Pharmacogenetics. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 253:207-241. [PMID: 30443785 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sleep and wakefulness are highly complex processes that are elegantly orchestrated by fine-tuned neurochemical changes among neuronal and non-neuronal ensembles, nuclei, and networks of the brain. Important neurotransmitters and neuromodulators regulating the circadian and homeostatic facets of sleep-wake physiology include melatonin, γ-aminobutyric acid, hypocretin, histamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, and adenosine. Dysregulation of these neurochemical systems may cause sleep-wake disorders, which are commonly classified into insomnia disorder, parasomnias, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, central disorders of hypersomnolence, sleep-related movement disorders, and sleep-related breathing disorders. Sleep-wake disorders can have far-reaching consequences on physical, mental, and social well-being and health and, thus, need be treated with effective and rational therapies. Apart from behavioral (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia), physiological (e.g., chronotherapy with bright light), and mechanical (e.g., continuous positive airway pressure treatment of obstructive sleep apnea) interventions, pharmacological treatments often are the first-line clinical option to improve disturbed sleep and wake states. Nevertheless, not all patients respond to pharmacotherapy in uniform and beneficial fashion, partly due to genetic differences. The improved understanding of the neurochemical mechanisms regulating sleep and wakefulness and the mode of action of sleep-wake therapeutics has provided a conceptual framework, to search for functional genetic variants modifying individual drug response phenotypes. This article will summarize the currently known genetic polymorphisms that modulate drug sensitivity and exposure, to partly determine individual responses to sleep-wake pharmacotherapy. In addition, a pharmacogenetic strategy will be outlined how based upon classical and opto-/chemogenetic strategies in animals, as well as human genetic associations, circuit mechanisms regulating sleep-wake functions in humans can be identified. As such, experimental human sleep-wake pharmacogenetics forms a bridge spanning basic research and clinical medicine and constitutes an essential step for the search and development of novel sleep-wake targets and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Landolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Zürich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research (ZiS), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Sebastian C Holst
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Neuropharm, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amandine Valomon
- Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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17
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Müller T, Möhr JD. Long-term management of Parkinson’s disease using levodopa combinations. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 19:1003-1011. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1484108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Müller
- Department of Neurology, St. Joseph Hospital Berlin-Weißensee, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-Dominique Möhr
- Department of Neurology, St. Joseph Hospital Berlin-Weißensee, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Zhong J, Yu H, Huang C, Zhong Q, Chen Y, Xie J, Zhou Z, Xu J, Wang H. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 by FCPR16 protects SH-SY5Y cells against MPP +-induced decline of mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2018; 16:47-58. [PMID: 29475134 PMCID: PMC5842311 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a promising target for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying mechanism has not yet been well elucidated. Additionally, most of current PDE4 inhibitors produce severe nausea and vomiting response in patients, which limit their clinical application. FCPR16 is a novel PDE4 inhibitor with little emetic potential. In the present study, the neuroprotective effect and underlying mechanism of FCPR16 against cellular apoptosis induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) were examined in SH-SY5Y cells. FCPR16 (12.5–50 μM) dose-dependently reduced MPP+-induced loss of cell viability, accompanied by reductions in nuclear condensation and lactate dehydrogenase release. The level of cleaved caspase 3 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 were also decreased after treatment with FCPR16 in MPP+-treated cells. Furthermore, FCPR16 (25 μM) significantly suppressed the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), prevented the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and attenuated the expression of malonaldehyde level. Further studies disclosed that FCPR16 enhanced the levels of cAMP and the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) in SH-SY5Y cells. Western blotting analysis revealed that FCPR16 increased the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and protein kinase B (Akt) down-regulated by MPP+ in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of FCPR16 on the production of ROS and Δψm loss could be blocked by PKA inhibitor H-89 and Akt inhibitor KRX-0401. Collectively, these results suggest that FCPR16 attenuates MPP+-induced dopaminergic degeneration via lowering ROS and preventing the loss of Δψm in SH-SY5Y cells. Mechanistically, cAMP/PKA/CREB and Epac/Akt signaling pathways are involved in these processes. Our findings indicate that FCPR16 is a promising pre-clinical candidate for the treatment of PD and possibly other oxidative stress-related neuronal diseases. FCPR16 protected SH-SY5Y cells against MPP+-induced apoptosis. FCPR16 attenuated Δψm loss and ROS generation in SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+. FCPR16 activated cAMP/PKA/CREB and Epac/Akt signaling pathways in SH-SY5Y cells. Blocking cAMP/PKA/CREB or Epac/Akt pathways canceled the protective role of FCPR16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Zhong
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chang Huang
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiuping Zhong
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jinfeng Xie
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhongzhen Zhou
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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19
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Politi C, Ciccacci C, Novelli G, Borgiani P. Genetics and Treatment Response in Parkinson's Disease: An Update on Pharmacogenetic Studies. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:1-17. [PMID: 29305687 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-017-8473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopamine neurons of the central nervous system. The disease determines a significant disability due to a combination of motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity and rest tremor and non-motor symptoms such as sleep disorders, hallucinations, psychosis and compulsive behaviors. The current therapies consist in combination of drugs acting to control only the symptoms of the illness by the replacement of the dopamine lost. Although patients generally receive benefits from this symptomatic pharmacological management, they also show great variability in drug response in terms of both efficacy and adverse effects. Pharmacogenetic studies highlighted that genetic factors play a relevant influence in this drug response variability. In this review, we tried to give an overview of the recent progresses in the pharmacogenetics of PD, reporting the major genetic factors identified as involved in the response to drugs and highlighting the potential use of some of these genomic variants in the clinical practice. Many genes have been investigated and several associations have been reported especially with adverse drug reactions. However, only polymorphisms in few genes, including DRD2, COMT and SLC6A3, have been confirmed as associated in different populations and in large cohorts. The identification of genomic biomarkers involved in drug response variability represents an important step in PD treatment, opening the prospective of more personalized therapies in order to identify, for each person, the better therapy in terms of efficacy and toxicity and to improve the PD patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Politi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ciccacci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Borgiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
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20
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Müller-Rebstein S, Trenkwalder C, Ebentheuer J, Oertel WH, Culmsee C, Höglinger GU. Drug Safety Analysis in a Real-Life Cohort of Parkinson's Disease Patients with Polypharmacy. CNS Drugs 2017; 31:1093-1102. [PMID: 29139041 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-017-0478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polypharmacy is common in geriatric Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in advanced disease stages with multiple comorbidities, bearing multiple risks for drug safety in theory. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to empirically identify the most frequent and relevant contraindications and drug interactions actually occurring and compromising drug safety in PD in real life. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study in a multimorbid cohort of PD patients with polypharmacy admitted to a specialized hospital. Inclusion criteria were the presence of at least one comorbidity requiring pharmacotherapy and at least five different drugs in the discharge prescription. Hoehn and Yahr stage during the 'on' state, therapeutic problems related to motor and non-motor PD symptoms, comorbidities, and drug regimens on admission and discharge were analyzed for contraindications and interactions. RESULTS Overall, 127 patients were included (medium Hoehn and Yahr stage = IV, range II-V). Interactions with the anti-PD medication were mainly caused by other central nervous system (CNS)-active substances, cytochrome P450-metabolized substances, and QT-time prolonging substances. Contraindications against the anti-PD medication mainly occurred from internal, haematopoietic, neurologic and psychiatric diseases, and QT-time prolonging drugs. The highest frequency of interactions and contraindications were identified with levodopa (n = 119 at admission/n = 126 at discharge), entacapone (n = 46/42), pramipexole (n = 44/24), and amantadine (n = 32/30). CONCLUSIONS Several medically relevant risk factors (interactions and contraindications) frequently occurred in advanced PD patients. These findings provide a basis for developing programmes for awareness, education, monitoring, and preventive interventions to avoid adverse incidents. Future studies will need to evaluate preventive efficacy of structured drug safety programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Müller-Rebstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus-Elena Klinik Kassel, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen Str. 17, 81677, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus-Elena Klinik Kassel, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jens Ebentheuer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus-Elena Klinik Kassel, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Culmsee
- Department of Pharmacy, Philipps Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen Str. 17, 81677, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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21
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Campolo M, Casili G, Biundo F, Crupi R, Cordaro M, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. The Neuroprotective Effect of Dimethyl Fumarate in an MPTP-Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease: Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species/Nuclear Factor-κB/Nuclear Transcription Factor Related to NF-E2. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:453-471. [PMID: 28006954 PMCID: PMC5564046 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Oxidative stress plays a key role in Parkinson disease (PD), and nuclear transcription factor related to NF-E2 (Nrf-2) is involved in neuroprotection against PD. The aim of the present study was to investigate a role for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/Nrf-2 in the neurotherapeutic action of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in a mouse model of PD and in vitro in SHSY-5Y cells. RESULTS Daily oral gavage of DMF (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced neuronal cell degeneration of the dopaminergic tract and behavioral impairments induced by four injections of the dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Moreover, treatment with DMF prevented dopamine depletion, increased tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter activities, and also reduced the number of α-synuclein-positive neurons. Furthermore, DMF treatment upregulated the Nrf-2 pathway, increased NeuN+/Nrf-2+ cell number in the striatum, induced activation of manganese superoxide dismutase and heme oxygenase-1, and regulated glutathione levels. Moreover, DMF reduced interleukin 1 levels, cyclooxygenase 2 activity, and nitrotyrosine neuronal nitrite oxide synthase expression. This treatment also modulated microglia activation, restored nerve growth factor levels, and preserved microtubule-associated protein 2 alterations. The protective effects of DMF treatment, via Nrf-2, were confirmed in in vitro studies, through inhibition of Nrf-2 by trigonelline. INNOVATION These findings demonstrate that DMF, both in a mouse model of PD and in vitro, provides, via regulation of the NF-κB/Nrf-2 pathway, novel cytoprotective modalities that further augment the natural antioxidant response in neurodegenerative and inflammatory disease models. CONCLUSION These results support the thesis that DMF may constitute a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of PD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 453-471.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Campolo
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Flavia Biundo
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy .,2 Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
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22
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Dopamine Activation Preserves Visual Motion Perception Despite Noise Interference of Human V5/MT. J Neurosci 2017; 36:9303-12. [PMID: 27605607 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4452-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED When processing sensory signals, the brain must account for noise, both noise in the stimulus and that arising from within its own neuronal circuitry. Dopamine receptor activation is known to enhance both visual cortical signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and visual perceptual performance; however, it is unknown whether these two dopamine-mediated phenomena are linked. To assess this, we used single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied to visual cortical area V5/MT to reduce the SNR focally and thus disrupt visual motion discrimination performance to visual targets located in the same retinotopic space. The hypothesis that dopamine receptor activation enhances perceptual performance by improving cortical SNR predicts that dopamine activation should antagonize TMS disruption of visual perception. We assessed this hypothesis via a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study with the dopamine receptor agonists cabergoline (a D2 agonist) and pergolide (a D1/D2 agonist) administered in separate sessions (separated by 2 weeks) in 12 healthy volunteers in a William's balance-order design. TMS degraded visual motion perception when the evoked phosphene and the visual stimulus overlapped in time and space in the placebo and cabergoline conditions, but not in the pergolide condition. This suggests that dopamine D1 or combined D1 and D2 receptor activation enhances cortical SNR to boost perceptual performance. That local visual cortical excitability was unchanged across drug conditions suggests the involvement of long-range intracortical interactions in this D1 effect. Because increased internal noise (and thus lower SNR) can impair visual perceptual learning, improving visual cortical SNR via D1/D2 agonist therapy may be useful in boosting rehabilitation programs involving visual perceptual training. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this study, we address the issue of whether dopamine activation improves visual perception despite increasing sensory noise in the visual cortex. We show specifically that dopamine D1 (or combined D1/D2) receptor activation enhances the cortical signal-to-noise-ratio to boost perceptual performance. Together with the previously reported effects of dopamine upon brain plasticity and learning (Wolf et al., 2003; Hansen and Manahan-Vaughan, 2014), our results suggest that combining rehabilitation with dopamine agonists could enhance both the saliency of the training signal and the long-term effects on brain plasticity to boost rehabilitation regimens for brain injury.
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23
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Filipuzzi I, Cotesta S, Perruccio F, Knapp B, Fu Y, Studer C, Pries V, Riedl R, Helliwell SB, Petrovic KT, Movva NR, Sanglard D, Tao J, Hoepfner D. High-Resolution Genetics Identifies the Lipid Transfer Protein Sec14p as Target for Antifungal Ergolines. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006374. [PMID: 27855158 PMCID: PMC5147771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive infections by fungal pathogens cause more deaths than malaria worldwide. We found the ergoline compound NGx04 in an antifungal screen, with selectivity over mammalian cells. High-resolution chemogenomics identified the lipid transfer protein Sec14p as the target of NGx04 and compound-resistant mutations in Sec14p define compound-target interactions in the substrate binding pocket of the protein. Beyond its essential lipid transfer function in a variety of pathogenic fungi, Sec14p is also involved in secretion of virulence determinants essential for the pathogenicity of fungi such as Cryptococcus neoformans, making Sec14p an attractive antifungal target. Consistent with this dual function, we demonstrate that NGx04 inhibits the growth of two clinical isolates of C. neoformans and that NGx04-related compounds have equal and even higher potency against C. neoformans. Furthermore NGx04 analogues showed fungicidal activity against a fluconazole resistant C. neoformans strain. In summary, we present genetic evidence that NGx04 inhibits fungal Sec14p and initial data supporting NGx04 as a novel antifungal starting point. Emerging resistance to antibiotics led to an inglorious revival of infectious diseases. Furthermore, in the past 30 years, only one novel anti-fungal target has been discovered which was used to develop therapies against. Therefore pathogen-selective targets and knowledge about possible resistance determinants are of utmost importance to successfully develop new medicines. Here we describe the identification of anti-fungal ergolines, targeting the lipid transfer protein Sec14p, and inhibiting the growth of two clinical isolates of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Both, compound and target represent attractive points for further investigations: Sec14p as it differs significantly from the human homolog and as it has been implicated in fungal viability and pathogenicity, and, ergolines as they are used in the clinic against a variety of diseases demonstrating both efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireos Filipuzzi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Simona Cotesta
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Perruccio
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Britta Knapp
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yue Fu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Christian Studer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Verena Pries
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Riedl
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephen B. Helliwell
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katarina T. Petrovic
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - N. Rao Movva
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Sanglard
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jianshi Tao
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Dominic Hoepfner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
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Corvol JC, Poewe W. Pharmacogenetics of Parkinson's Disease in Clinical Practice. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2016; 4:173-180. [PMID: 30363349 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pharmacogenetics aims to identify the genetic factors participating in the heterogeneity of drug response. The ultimate goal is to provide personalized treatment by identifying responders and non-responders, individuals at risk of developing drug adverse effects, and by adjusting dosage. Several studies have been performed in Parkinson's disease (PD), to investigate drug response variability according to genetic factors for dopamine replacement therapies. Methods We performed a systematic literature search of articles related to pharmacogenetic studies in PD, and found 47 studies. Findings Motor response and adverse reactions to dopaminergic drugs were associated with genes encoding enzymes of their metabolism as well as their receptors or targets. Despite some interesting results, considerable work remains to be done to replicate and validate their clinical relevance before translation into clinical practice. Conclusions There are currently no guidelines published for pharmacogenetic factors related to PD drugs. More research is need in this field in order to improve our knowledge in drug response variability in PD. Algorithms taking into account clinical, pharmacological, and genetic factors are probably the most promising way to help for a personalized medicine in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR_S1127 ICM Paris France.,INSERM UMR_S1127 and CIC-1422 ICM Paris France.,CNRS UMR_7225 ICM Paris France.,Département des maladies du système nerveux AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris France
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
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Phillips JR, Eissa AM, Hewedi DH, Jahanshahi M, El-Gamal M, Keri S, Moustafa AA. Neural substrates and potential treatments for levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurosci 2016; 27:729-738. [PMID: 27362959 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily a motor disorder that involves the gradual loss of motor function. Symptoms are observed initially in the extremities, such as hands and arms, while advanced stages of the disease can effect blinking, swallowing, speaking, and breathing. PD is a neurodegenerative disease, with dopaminergic neuronal loss occurring in the substantia nigra pars compacta, thus disrupting basal ganglia functions. This leads to downstream effects on other neurotransmitter systems such as glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, and serotonin. To date, one of the main treatments for PD is levodopa. While it is generally very effective, prolonged treatments lead to levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). LID encompasses a family of symptoms ranging from uncontrolled repetitive movements to sustained muscle contractions. In many cases, the symptoms of LID can cause more grief than PD itself. The purpose of this review is to discuss the possible clinical features, cognitive correlates, neural substrates, as well as potential psychopharmacological and surgical (including nondopaminergic and deep brain stimulation) treatments of LID.
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Wang T, Yang L, Hua J, Xie H, Jiang X, Wang L. Simultaneous bioanalysis of rasagiline and its major metabolites in human plasma by LC–MS/MS: Application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 125:280-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Velázquez-Paniagua M, Vázquez-Álvarez A, Valverde-Aguilar G, Vergara-Aragón P. Current treatments in Parkinson's including the proposal of an innovative dopamine microimplant. REVISTA MÉDICA DEL HOSPITAL GENERAL DE MÉXICO 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hgmx.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Advances in understanding genomic markers and pharmacogenetics of Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 12:433-48. [PMID: 26910127 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2016.1158250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inheritance pattern of Parkinson's disease (PD) is likely multifactorial (owing to the interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental factors). Many pharmacogenetic studies have tried to establish a possible role of candidate genes in PD risk. Several studies have focused on the influence of genes in the response to antiparkinsonian drugs and in the risk of developing side-effects of these drugs. AREAS COVERED This review presents an overview of current knowledge, with particular emphasis on the most recent advances, both in case-control association studies on the role of candidate genes in the risk for PD as well as pharmacogenetic studies on the role of genes in the development of side effects of antiparkinsonian drugs. The most reliable results should be derived from meta-analyses of case-control association studies on candidate genes involving large series of PD patients and controls, and from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). EXPERT OPINION Prospective studies of large samples involving several genes with a detailed history of exposure to environmental factors in the same cohort of subjects, should be useful to clarify the role of genes in the risk for PD. The results of studies on the role of genes in the development of side-effects of antiparkinsonian drugs should, at this stage, only be considered preliminary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José A G Agúndez
- b Department of Pharmacology , University of Extremadura , Cáceres , Spain
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29
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Kurzawski M, Białecka M, Droździk M. Pharmacogenetic considerations in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2016; 5:27-35. [PMID: 25711452 DOI: 10.2217/nmt.14.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a lot of progress has been made in the identification of genetic biomarkers of drug response. Efforts to define the role of genetic polymorphisms in optimizing pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease were also undertaken. This report presents the current state of knowledge on pharmacogenetics of PD, including genes encoding enzymes involved in drug metabolism, drug transporters and direct targets of antiparkinsonian drugs. In most of cases, available data on pharmacogenetic factors that could turn out to be significant modifiers of therapy with anti-PD drugs is still very incomplete and makes it impossible to reach final conclusion about their usefulness in the clinic. More extensive studies, in more uniform, large patient groups, including genome-wide association studies, should be undertaken to finally confirm or deny the value of genetic tests in PD therapy individualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kurzawski
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Holst SC, Valomon A, Landolt HP. Sleep Pharmacogenetics: Personalized Sleep-Wake Therapy. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 56:577-603. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010715-103801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C. Holst
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Zürich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Amandine Valomon
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Zürich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Zürich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
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Zeid AM, Nasr JJM, Belal FF, Kitagawa S, Kaji N, Baba Y, Walash MI. Determination of six anti-Parkinson drugs using cyclodextrin-capillary electrophoresis method: application to pharmaceutical dosage forms. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26473a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Addition of β-cyclodextrin to the background electrolyte improves the separation efficiency of multi-component mixtures through inclusion complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M. Zeid
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Jenny Jeehan M. Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura
- Egypt
| | - Fathalla F. Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura
- Egypt
| | - Shinya Kitagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Noritada Kaji
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Mohamed I. Walash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura
- Egypt
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Linking genes to neurological clinical practice: the genomic basis for neurorehabilitation. J Neurol Phys Ther 2015; 39:52-61. [PMID: 25415554 DOI: 10.1097/npt.0000000000000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale genomics projects such as the Human Genome Project and the International HapMap Project promise significant advances in the ability to diagnose and treat many conditions, including those with a neurological basis. A major focus of research has emerged in the neurological sciences to elucidate the molecular and genetic basis of various neurological diseases. Indeed, genetic factors are implicated in susceptibility for many neurological disorders, with family history studies providing strong evidence of familial risk for conditions such as stroke, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. Heritability studies also suggest a strong genetic contribution to the risk for neurological diseases. Genome-wide association studies are also uncovering novel genetic variants associated with neurological disorders. Whole-genome and exome sequencing are likely to provide novel insights into the genetic basis of neurological disorders. Genetic factors are similarly associated with clinical phenotypes such as symptom severity and progression as well as response to treatment. Specifically, disease progression and functional restoration depend, in part, on the capacity for neural plasticity within residual neural tissues. Furthermore, such plasticity may be influenced in part by the presence of polymorphisms in several genes known to orchestrate neural plasticity including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Apolipoprotein E. (APOE). It is important for neurorehabilitation therapist practicing in the "genomic era" to be aware of the potential influence of genetic factors during clinical encounters, as advances in molecular sciences are revealing information of critical relevance to the clinical rehabilitation management of individuals with neurological conditions. Video Abstract available (See Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A88) for more insights from the authors.
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Agúndez JAG, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E. Drug and xenobiotic biotransformation in the blood-brain barrier: a neglected issue. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:335. [PMID: 25368552 PMCID: PMC4201098 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug biotransformation is a crucial mechanism for facilitating the elimination of chemicals from the organism and for decreasing their pharmacological activity. Published evidence suggests that brain drug metabolism may play a role in the development of adverse drug reactions and in the clinical response to drugs and xenobiotics. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been regarded mainly as a physical barrier for drugs and xenobiotics, and little attention has been paid to the BBB as a drug-metabolizing barrier. The presence of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the BBB is likely to have functional implications because local metabolism may inactivate drugs or may modify the drug's ability to cross the BBB, thus modifying drug response and the risk of developing adverse drug reactions. In this perspective paper, we discuss the expression of relevant xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in the brain and in the BBB, and we cover current advances and future directions on the potential role of these BBB drug-metabolizing enzymes as modifiers of drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A G Agúndez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Extremadura Cáceres, Spain ; ISCIII Research Network of Adverse Reactions to Allergens and Drugs Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Elena García-Martín
- ISCIII Research Network of Adverse Reactions to Allergens and Drugs Madrid, Spain ; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Extremadura Cáceres, Spain
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Džoljić E, Novaković I, Krajinovic M, Grbatinić I, Kostić V. Pharmacogenetics of drug response in Parkinson's disease. Int J Neurosci 2014; 125:635-44. [PMID: 25226559 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2014.963851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating, demoralizing and financially devastating condition affecting 1% of population at the age of 60 years. Thus, very important issue to address is individual therapy optimization. Recent results have shown evidence that variable efficacy of treatment and risk of motor and mental complications could have genetic origin. Significant roles in that process play (pharmaco)genomic/genetic studies of PD. Variability in genes coding for drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug receptors and proteins involved in drug pathway signaling is an important factor determining inter-individual variability in drug responses. Interpersonal differences in drug responses are clearly documented although individualized treatment of PD is not widely known. Treatment with antiparkinsonian drugs is associated with the development of complications, such as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), hallucinations and excessive daytime sleepiness. Carriers of specific genetic polymorphisms are particularly susceptible to development of some of these drug adverse effects. Pharmacogenomics aims to understand the relationship between genetic factors and inter-individual variations in drug responses, and to translate this information in therapy tailored to individual patient genetics. Relatively few efforts have been made to investigate the role of pharmacogenetics in the individual response to anti-PD drugs. Thus, many genetic variations and polymorphisms in myriad of different proteins can influence individual response to anti-PD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Džoljić
- 1Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Pretorius E, Swanepoel AC, Buys AV, Vermeulen N, Duim W, Kell DB. Eryptosis as a marker of Parkinson's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2014; 6:788-819. [PMID: 25411230 PMCID: PMC4247384 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A major trend in recent Parkinson's disease (PD) research is the investigation of biological markers that could help in identifying at-risk individuals or to track disease progression and response to therapies. Central to this is the knowledge that inflammation is a known hallmark of PD and of many other degenerative diseases. In the current work, we focus on inflammatory signalling in PD, using a systems approach that allows us to look at the disease in a more holistic way. We discuss cyclooxygenases, prostaglandins, thromboxanes and also iron in PD. These particular signalling molecules are involved in PD pathophysiology, but are also very important in an aberrant coagulation/hematology system. We present and discuss a hypothesis regarding the possible interaction of these aberrant signalling molecules implicated in PD, and suggest that these molecules may affect the erythrocytes of PD patients. This would be observable as changes in the morphology of the RBCs and of PD patients relative to healthy controls. We then show that the RBCs of PD patients are indeed rather dramatically deranged in their morphology, exhibiting eryptosis (a kind of programmed cell death). This morphological indicator may have useful diagnostic and prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
| | - Albe C Swanepoel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
| | - Antoinette V Buys
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, University of Pretoria, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
| | - Natasha Vermeulen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
| | - Wiebren Duim
- Department of Neurology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
| | - Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, Lancs, UK
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Londin ER, Clark P, Sponziello M, Kricka LJ, Fortina P, Park JY. Performance of exome sequencing for pharmacogenomics. Per Med 2014; 12:109-115. [PMID: 26257813 PMCID: PMC4526024 DOI: 10.2217/pme.14.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM We present the potential false-negative rate of exome sequencing for the detection of pharmacogenomic variants. MATERIALS & METHODS Depth of coverage of 1928 pharmacogenomically relevant variant positions was ascertained from 62 exome-sequenced samples. RESULTS Approximately 14% of the 1928 variant locations examined had inadequate depth of coverage (<20x). The variants with inadequate coverage were predominantly located outside of protein-coding portions and included some clinically relevant variant positions, such as the warfarin VKORC1 variant. CONCLUSION While the use of exome sequencing is becoming more prevalent in fundamental research, clinical trials and clinical use; there is a possibility of false-negative results. The possible quality issues such as false-negative rate should be considered with the use of exome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Londin
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cellular Biology, Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
| | - Peter Clark
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marialuisa Sponziello
- Department of Internal Medicine & Medical Specialties, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Larry J Kricka
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Jason Y Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center & Children’s Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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McGraw SM, Hoover DL, Shirey MP. Exercise Guidelines for Patients With Parkinson’s Disease. HOME HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1084822313514977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological condition with no known cure. This disease progression is characterized by severe motor degeneration that often limits functional mobility during gross motor skills common in activities of daily living, work, and recreation. Exercise programs have been shown to slow symptom onset and lessen the progression of PD, helping to improve quality of life of individuals with this condition. This article provides an overview of recent studies addressing the impact of exercise programs on individuals with PD, and also provides home health care professions with suggestions for exercise program implementation within this clinical population.
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García-Martín E, Canto G, Agúndez JAG. Metabolic considerations of drugs in the treatment of allergic diseases. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:1437-52. [PMID: 23902458 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.823400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinical management of allergic diseases involves a number of drugs, most of which are extensively metabolized. This review aims to analyze the metabolism and the clinical implications of altered metabolism for these drugs. AREAS COVERED The authors present an overview of current knowledge of the metabolism of: antihistamine drugs, glucocorticoids, inhaled β-2 bronchodilators, anticholinergics and other drugs used in allergic diseases, such as cromoglycate, omalizumab, montelukast and epinephrine. Polymorphic drug metabolism is relevant for chlorpheniramine, loratadine and montelukast. Inhibition of drug metabolism is relevant for loratadine, methylprednisolone, fluticasone, mometasone, triamcinolone or prednisolone. Polymorphic pre-systemic metabolism may be relevant to budesonide, fluticasone, beclomethasone, mometasone or salmeterol. The authors also discuss the current information on gene variations according to the 1,000 genomes catalog and other databases. Finally, the authors review the clinical implications of these variations with a particular regard to drugs used in the management of allergic diseases. EXPERT OPINION Most drugs used in allergic diseases are extensively metabolized. Drug interaction or adverse reactions related to altered metabolism are relevant issues that should be considered in the management of allergic diseases. However, much additional research is required before defining pharmacogenomic biomarkers for the management of drugs used in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena García-Martín
- University of Extremadura, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology , Avda. de la Universidad s/n, E-10071, Cáceres , Spain +34927257000 ext 89676 ;
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