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Kichou H, Bonnier F, Caritá AC, Byrne HJ, Chourpa I, Munnier E. Confocal Raman spectroscopy coupled with in vitro permeation testing to study the effects of formalin fixation on the skin barrier function of reconstructed human epidermis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124617. [PMID: 38870697 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Confocal Raman Spectroscopy is recognised as a potent tool for molecular characterisation of biological specimens. There is a growing demand for In Vitro Permeation Tests (IVPT) in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic areas, increasingly conducted using Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE) skin models. In this study, chemical fixation of RHE in 10 % Neutral Buffered Formalin for 24 h has been examined for storing RHE samples at 4 °C for up to 21 days. Confocal Raman Spectroscopy (CRS), combined with Principal Components Analysis, revealed the molecular-level effects of fixation, notably in protein and lipid conformation within the stratum corneum and viable epidermis. IVPT by means of high-performance liquid chromatography, using caffeine as a model compound, showed minimal impact of formalin fixation on the cumulative amount, flux, and permeability coefficient after 12 h. While the biochemical architecture is altered, the function of the model as a barrier to maintain rate-limiting diffusion of active molecules within skin layers remains intact. This study opens avenues for enhanced flexibility and utility in skin model research, promising insights into mitigating the limited shelf life of RHE models by preserving performance in fixed samples for up to 21 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Kichou
- UPR CNRS 4301 CBM, Département NMNS « NanoMédicaments et NanoSondes », Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Franck Bonnier
- LVMH Recherche, 185 Av. de Verdun, 45800, Saint-Jean-de-Braye, France
| | - Amanda C Caritá
- UPR CNRS 4301 CBM, Département NMNS « NanoMédicaments et NanoSondes », Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Hugh J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, TU Dublin, City Campus, Camden Row, Dublin 8, D08 CKP1, Ireland
| | - Igor Chourpa
- UPR CNRS 4301 CBM, Département NMNS « NanoMédicaments et NanoSondes », Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Emilie Munnier
- UPR CNRS 4301 CBM, Département NMNS « NanoMédicaments et NanoSondes », Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France.
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2
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Kaiser K, Sørensen JA, Brewer JR. Novel Chip for Applying Mechanical Forces on Human Skin Models Under Dynamic Culture Conditions. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2024; 30:85-91. [PMID: 37950718 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years the need for in vitro skin models as a replacement for animal studies has resulted in significant progress in the development of skin-on-a-chip models. These devices allow the fine control of the microenvironment of the model and the incorporation of chemical and physical stimuli. In this study, we describe the development of an easy and low-budget open-top dynamic microfluidic device for skin-on-a-chip experiments using polydimethylsiloxane and a porous polyethylene terephthalate membrane. The chip allows the incorporation of compressive stimuli during the cultivation period by the use of syringe pumps. Proof-of-concept results show the successful differentiation of the cells and establishment of the skin structure in the chip. The microfluidic skin-on-a-chip models presented in this study can serve as a platform for future drug and feasibility studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kaiser
- SDU, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Jonathan R Brewer
- SDU, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Odense, Denmark
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3
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Zhao H, Chen Z, Kang X, Yang B, Luo P, Li H, He Q. The frontline of alternatives to animal testing: novel in vitro skin model application in drug development and evaluation. Toxicol Sci 2023; 196:152-169. [PMID: 37702017 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The FDA Modernization Act 2.0 has brought nonclinical drug evaluation into a new era. In vitro models are widely used and play an important role in modern drug development and evaluation, including early candidate drug screening and preclinical drug efficacy and toxicity assessment. Driven by regulatory steering and facilitated by well-defined physiology, novel in vitro skin models are emerging rapidly, becoming the most advanced area in alternative testing research. The revolutionary technologies bring us many in vitro skin models, either laboratory-developed or commercially available, which were all built to emulate the structure of the natural skin to recapitulate the skin's physiological function and particular skin pathology. During the model development, how to achieve balance among complexity, accessibility, capability, and cost-effectiveness remains the core challenge for researchers. This review attempts to introduce the existing in vitro skin models, align them on different dimensions, such as structural complexity, functional maturity, and screening throughput, and provide an update on their current application in various scenarios within the scope of chemical testing and drug development, including testing in genotoxicity, phototoxicity, skin sensitization, corrosion/irritation. Overall, the review will summarize a general strategy for in vitro skin model to enhance future model invention, application, and translation in drug development and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhao
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhaozeng Chen
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xingchen Kang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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4
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Kichou H, Bonnier F, Dancik Y, Bakar J, Michael-Jubeli R, Caritá AC, Perse X, Soucé M, Rapetti L, Tfayli A, Chourpa I, Munnier E. Strat-M® positioning for skin permeation studies: A comparative study including EpiSkin® RHE, and human skin. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123488. [PMID: 37805151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
In the development and optimization of dermatological products, In Vitro Permeation Testing (IVPT) is pivotal for controlled study of skin penetration. To enhance standardization and replicate human skin properties reconstructed human skin and synthetic membranes are explored as alternatives. Strat-M® is a membrane designed to mimic the multi-layered structure of human skin for IVPT. For instance, in Strat-M®, the steady-state fluxes (JSS) of resorcinol in formulations free of permeation enhancers were found to be 41 ± 5 µg/cm2·h for the aqueous solution, 42 ± 6 µg/cm2·h for the hydrogel, and 40 ± 6 µg/cm2·h for the oil-in-water emulsion. These results were closer to excised human skin (5 ± 3, 9 ± 2, 13 ± 6 µg/cm2·h) and surpassed the performance of EpiSkin® RHE (138 ± 5, 142 ± 6, and 162 ± 11 µg/cm2·h). While mass spectrometry and Raman microscopy demonstrated the qualitative molecular similarity of EpiSkin® RHE to human skin, it was the porous and hydrophobic polymer nature of Strat-M® that more faithfully reproduced the skin's diffusion-limiting barrier. Further validation through similarity factor analysis (∼80-85%) underscored Strat-M®'s significance as a reliable substitute for human skin, offering a promising approach to enhance realism and reproducibility in dermatological product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Kichou
- Université de Tours, EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Franck Bonnier
- LVMH Recherche, 185 Av. de Verdun, 45800 Saint-Jean-de-Braye, France
| | - Yuri Dancik
- Certara UK Ltd., Simcyp Division, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2B1, UK
| | - Joudi Bakar
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lip(sys)(2) « Lipides, Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques », 17 avenue des sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Rime Michael-Jubeli
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lip(sys)(2) « Lipides, Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques », 17 avenue des sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Amanda C Caritá
- Université de Tours, EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Xavier Perse
- Université de Tours, EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Martin Soucé
- Université de Tours, EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Laetitia Rapetti
- Alphenyx, 430 avenue du Maréchal Lattre de Tassigny, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Ali Tfayli
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lip(sys)(2) « Lipides, Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques », 17 avenue des sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Igor Chourpa
- Université de Tours, EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Emilie Munnier
- Université de Tours, EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France.
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Mason W, Levin AM, Buhl K, Ouchi T, Parker B, Tan J, Ashammakhi N, Jones LR. Translational Research Techniques for the Facial Plastic Surgeon: An Overview. Facial Plast Surg 2023; 39:466-473. [PMID: 37339663 DOI: 10.1055/a-2113-5023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS) is an incredibly diverse, multispecialty field that seeks innovative and novel solutions for the management of physical defects on the head and neck. To aid in the advancement of medical and surgical treatments for these defects, there has been a recent emphasis on the importance of translational research. With recent technological advancements, there are now a myriad of research techniques that are widely accessible for physician and scientist use in translational research. Such techniques include integrated multiomics, advanced cell culture and microfluidic tissue models, established animal models, and emerging computer models generated using bioinformatics. This study discusses these various research techniques and how they have and can be used for research in the context of various important diseases within the field of FPRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Mason
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Albert M Levin
- Department of Public Health Science, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
- Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Katherine Buhl
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Takahiro Ouchi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Bianca Parker
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jessica Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, Michigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, Michigan
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Michigan
| | - Lamont R Jones
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
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6
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Urzì O, Gasparro R, Costanzo E, De Luca A, Giavaresi G, Fontana S, Alessandro R. Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures: The Bridge between In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12046. [PMID: 37569426 PMCID: PMC10419178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although historically, the traditional bidimensional in vitro cell system has been widely used in research, providing much fundamental information regarding cellular functions and signaling pathways as well as nuclear activities, the simplicity of this system does not fully reflect the heterogeneity and complexity of the in vivo systems. From this arises the need to use animals for experimental research and in vivo testing. Nevertheless, animal use in experimentation presents various aspects of complexity, such as ethical issues, which led Russell and Burch in 1959 to formulate the 3R (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) principle, underlying the urgent need to introduce non-animal-based methods in research. Considering this, three-dimensional (3D) models emerged in the scientific community as a bridge between in vitro and in vivo models, allowing for the achievement of cell differentiation and complexity while avoiding the use of animals in experimental research. The purpose of this review is to provide a general overview of the most common methods to establish 3D cell culture and to discuss their promising applications. Three-dimensional cell cultures have been employed as models to study both organ physiology and diseases; moreover, they represent a valuable tool for studying many aspects of cancer. Finally, the possibility of using 3D models for drug screening and regenerative medicine paves the way for the development of new therapeutic opportunities for many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Urzì
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (O.U.); (R.G.); (E.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Roberta Gasparro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (O.U.); (R.G.); (E.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Elisa Costanzo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (O.U.); (R.G.); (E.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Angela De Luca
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Simona Fontana
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (O.U.); (R.G.); (E.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (O.U.); (R.G.); (E.C.); (R.A.)
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7
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Biondo NE, Argenta DF, Caon T. A Comparative Analysis of Biological and Synthetic Skin Models for Drug Transport Studies. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1209-1221. [PMID: 36959412 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Ethical restrictions as well as practical or economic issues related to use of animal and human skin has been the main reason the growth in the number of investigations with alternative models. Reconstructed skin models, for example, have been useful to evaluate the in vitro toxicity of compounds; however, these models usually overestimate the amount of drug permeated due to impaired barrier properties. In this review, the performance of synthetic and biological skin models in transport studies was compared by considering two compounds with different physicochemical properties. The advantages and limitations of each skin model are discussed in detail. Although synthetic and reconstructed skin models have shown to be useful in the formulation optimization step, they present many limitations: (1) impaired barrier properties; (2) lack of follicular transport; (3) no metabolism in synthetic membranes; (4) differences in terms of lipid organization; (5) more affected by formulation constituents. Therefore, animal and human tissues should still be prioritized in drug transport studies until new advances in alternative models are achieved. Investigations of the impact of cell-culture conditions on skin formation, in turn, bring perspectives related to the development of unhealthy/injured skin models (an aspect that still deserves attention).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Esposto Biondo
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, S/N - Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Débora Fretes Argenta
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, S/N - Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago Caon
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, S/N - Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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8
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Tan TY, Wee HN, Lee LS, Han HY, Ong CT, Neela M, Masilamani J, Phan TT, Ching J. Sensitive ex vivo human skin transdermal assay testing method with mass spectrometric analysis for cosmetics application. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:6124-6128. [PMID: 35678279 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cosmetics manufacturers are focused on cosmetic delivery systems into the skin, but the level of diffusion of the systems in the skin tissues is not well understood. The current methods, such as Franz diffusion, assess analyte diffusion in the whole skin or artificial membranes, which has limitations for understanding skin delivery systems. AIMS Our study aimed to create a transdermal delivery method which is based on dermal-epidermal separation of human skin, allowing us to assess each layer of skin separately for its efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS During the experiment, resveratrol was used as the target analyte by applying it to the skin and then separating it into dermis and epidermis. Each layer is treated individually and subjected to a high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis to detect resveratrol levels. As a result, the efficiency of resveratrol diffusion in the dermal and epidermal layers of the skin can be evaluated. RESULTS We found that resveratrol was detected in both the dermal and epidermal layers using our method. CONCLUSIONS Hence, we developed a sensitive method for transdermal delivery testing that can be used to evaluate skin delivery systems for cosmetic or pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsze Yin Tan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Hai Ning Wee
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Lye Siang Lee
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Hong Yu Han
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Chee Tian Ong
- CellResearch Corporation Group of Companies, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - M Neela
- CellResearch Corporation Group of Companies, Singapore City, Singapore
| | | | - Thang T Phan
- CellResearch Corporation Group of Companies, Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Jianhong Ching
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore.,KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
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9
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Holzknecht J, Dubrac S, Hedtrich S, Galgóczy L, Marx F. Small, Cationic Antifungal Proteins from Filamentous Fungi Inhibit Candida albicans Growth in 3D Skin Infection Models. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0029922. [PMID: 35499318 PMCID: PMC9241769 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00299-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging resistance of human-pathogenic fungi to antifungal drugs urges the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. The small, cationic antifungal proteins (AFPs) from filamentous ascomycetes represent promising candidates for next-generation antifungals. These bio-molecules need to be tested for tolerance in the host and efficacy against fungal pathogens before they can be safely applied in humans. Testing of the efficacy and possible adverse effects of new drug candidates in three-dimensional (3D) human-cell based models represents an advantageous alternative to animal experiments. In, this study, as a proof-of-principle, we demonstrate the usefulness of 3D skin infection models for screening new antifungal drug candidates for topical application. We established a cutaneous infection with the opportunistic human-pathogenic yeast Candida albicans in a commercially available 3D full-thickness (FT) skin model to test the curative potential of distinct AFPs from Penicillium chrysogenum (PAFopt, PAFB, and PAFC) and Neosartorya (Aspergillus) fischeri (NFAP2) in vitro. All tested AFPs were comparably well tolerated by the skin models. The infected 3D models exhibited reduced epidermal permeability barriers, allowing C. albicans to colonize the epidermal and dermal layers, and showed increased secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and the chemokine IL-8. AFP treatment diminished the fungal burden and penetration depth of C. albicans in the infected models. The epidermal permeability barrier was restored and the secretion of IL-8 was decreased following AFP treatment. In summary, our study proves that the tested AFPs exhibit antifungal potential against cutaneous C. albicans infection in a 3D FT skin model. IMPORTANCE Candida albicans represents one of the most prevalent opportunistic fungal pathogens, causing superficial skin and mucosal infections in humans with certain predisposing health conditions and life-threatening systemic infections in immunosuppressed patients. The emerging drug resistance of this human-pathogenic yeast and the limited number of antifungal drugs for prevention and treatment of infections urgently demands the identification of new antifungal compounds with novel mechanisms of action. Small, cationic antifungal proteins (AFPs) from filamentous fungi represent promising candidates for next-generation antifungals for topical application. These bio-molecules need to be tested for tolerance by the host and efficacy in pathogen clearance prior to being involved in clinical trials. In a proof-of-principle study, we provide evidence for the suitability of 3D human-cell based models as advantageous alternatives to animal experiments. We document the tolerance of specific AFPs and their curative efficacy against cutaneous C. albicans infection in a 3D skin model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanett Holzknecht
- Biocenter, Institute of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - László Galgóczy
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Florentine Marx
- Biocenter, Institute of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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10
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Olkowska E, Gržinić G. Skin models for dermal exposure assessment of phthalates. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133909. [PMID: 35143861 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are a class of compounds that have found widespread use in industrial applications, in particular in the polymer, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. While ingestion, and to a lesser degree inhalation, have been considered as the major exposure routes, especially for higher molecular weight phthalates, dermal exposure is an important route for lower weight phthalates such as diethyl phthalate (DEP). Assessing the dermal permeability of such compounds is of great importance for evaluating the impact and toxicity of such compounds in humans. While human skin is still the best model for studying dermal permeation, availability, cost and ethical concerns may preclude or restrict its use. A range of alternative models has been developed over time to substitute for human skin, especially in the early phases of research. These include ex vivo animal skin, human reconstructed skin and artificial skin models. While the results obtained using such alternative models correlate to a lesser or greater degree with those from in vivo human studies, the use of such models is nevertheless vital in dermal permeation research. This review discusses the alternative skin models that are available, their use in phthalate permeation studies and possible new avenues of phthalate research using skin models that have not been used so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Olkowska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Debowa Str. 23A, 80-204, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Goran Gržinić
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Debowa Str. 23A, 80-204, Gdansk, Poland
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11
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Kichou H, Dancik Y, Eklouh-Molinier C, Huang N, Soucé M, Gressin L, Gillet G, Chourpa I, Munnier E, Bonnier F. Highlighting the efficiency of ultrasound-based emulsifier-free emulsions to penetrate reconstructed human skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 44:262-270. [PMID: 35313006 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cosmetic industry endeavours to strengthen the greener and safer claims of processes to respond to the high demand from customers for natural and environmentally friendly products. High Frequency Ultrasonication Technology (HFUT) is a physical process enabling the stabilisation of emulsions without requiring additional ingredients such as Emulsifying Surfactants (ES) to be introduced into the formulations. In this study, key formulation characteristics of an emulsion synthesised by HFUT and a reference emulsion (RE) were compared, as well as the permeation kinetics of caffeine, used as a model active cosmetic ingredient, from both types of emulsions. METHODS The pH, particle size and viscosity of emulsions prepared by the HFUT and the RE were determined and compared. The permeation of caffeine from the HFUT emulsion and the RE applied to the surface of reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) models was compared. RESULTS The ES-free formulations prepared by HFUT displayed a nearly 2-fold lower average particle size and over 3-fold greater viscosity, compared to the RE. Despite these differences, the absence of ES in the HFUT emulsion did not significantly alter the permeation kinetics of caffeine through RHE. The caffeine steady-state flux, lag time and permeability coefficients differed by 20 to 30% only. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the potential of the HFUT to yield topical cosmetic products with lower requirements ingredients-wise, without losing efficacy, supporting the possible implementation of the technology in the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Kichou
- Université de Tours, Faculté de Pharmacie, EA6295 NMNS « NanoMédicaments et NanoSondes », France
| | - Yuri Dancik
- Université de Tours, Faculté de Pharmacie, EA6295 NMNS « NanoMédicaments et NanoSondes », France.,Le STUDIUM Institute of Advanced Studies, 1 rue Dupanloup, 45000, Orléans, France.,Certara UK Ltd, Simcyp Division, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield, S1 2B1, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicolas Huang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Martin Soucé
- Université de Tours, Faculté de Pharmacie, EA6295 NMNS « NanoMédicaments et NanoSondes », France
| | | | | | - Igor Chourpa
- Université de Tours, Faculté de Pharmacie, EA6295 NMNS « NanoMédicaments et NanoSondes », France
| | - Emilie Munnier
- Université de Tours, Faculté de Pharmacie, EA6295 NMNS « NanoMédicaments et NanoSondes », France
| | - Franck Bonnier
- Université de Tours, Faculté de Pharmacie, EA6295 NMNS « NanoMédicaments et NanoSondes », France
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12
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Dermal Delivery of Lipid Nanoparticles: Effects on Skin and Assessment of Absorption and Safety. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:83-114. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Sguizzato M, Ferrara F, Mariani P, Pepe A, Cortesi R, Huang N, Simelière F, Boldrini P, Baldisserotto A, Valacchi G, Esposito E. "Plurethosome" as Vesicular System for Cutaneous Administration of Mangiferin: Formulative Study and 3D Skin Tissue Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081124. [PMID: 34452085 PMCID: PMC8398752 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin is dramatically exposed to toxic pollutants such as ozone. To counteract the skin disorders induced by the air pollution, natural antioxidants such as mangiferin could be employed. A formulative study for the development of vesicular systems for mangiferin based on phosphatidylcholine and the block copolymer pluronic is described. Plurethosomes were designed for mangiferin transdermal administration and compared to ethosome and transethosome. Particularly, the effect of vesicle composition was investigated on size distribution, inner and outer morphology by photon correlation spectroscopy, small angle X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The potential of selected formulations as vehicles for mangiferin was studied, evaluating encapsulation efficiency and in vitro diffusion parameters by Franz cells. The mangiferin antioxidant capacity was verified by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Vesicle size spanned between 200 and 550 nm, being influenced by phosphatidylcholine concentration and by the presence of polysorbate or pluronic. The vesicle supramolecular structure was multilamellar in the case of ethosome or plurethosome and unilamellar in the case of transethosome. A linear diffusion of mangiferin in the case of ethosome and transethosomes and a biphasic profile in the case of plurethosomes indicated the capability of multilamellar vesicles to retain the drug more efficaciously than the unilamellar ones. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential effect of mangiferin against pollutants was evaluated on 3D human skin models exposed to O3. The protective effect exerted by plurethosomes and transethosomes suggests their possible application to enhance the cutaneous antioxidant defense status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Sguizzato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Francesca Ferrara
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Paolo Mariani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy; (P.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessia Pepe
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy; (P.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Rita Cortesi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Nicolas Huang
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (N.H.); (F.S.)
| | - Fanny Simelière
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (N.H.); (F.S.)
| | - Paola Boldrini
- Center of Electron Microscopy, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Anna Baldisserotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Animal Science Department, NC Research Campus, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (E.E.); Tel.: +39-0532-455230 (E.E.)
| | - Elisabetta Esposito
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (E.E.); Tel.: +39-0532-455230 (E.E.)
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14
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Leite MN, Viegas JSR, Praça FSG, de Paula NA, Ramalho LNZ, Bentley MVLB, Frade MAC. Ex vivo model of human skin (hOSEC) for assessing the dermatokinetics of the anti-melanoma drug Dacarbazine. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 160:105769. [PMID: 33610737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alternative models to replace animals in experimental studies remain a challenge in testing the effectiveness of dermatologic and cosmetic drugs. We proposed a model of human organotypic skin explant culture (hOSEC) to assess the profile of cutaneous drug skin distribution, adopting dacarbazine as a model, and respective new methodologies for dermatokinetic analysis. The viability tests were evaluated in primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and skin by MTT and TTC assays, respectively. Then, dacarbazine was applied to the culture medium, and the hOSEC method was applied to verify the dynamics of skin distribution of dacarbazine and determine its dermatokinetic profile. The results of cell and tissue viability showed that both were considered viable. The dermatokinetic results indicated that dacarbazine can be absorbed through the skin, reaching a concentration of 36.36 µg/mL (18,18%) of the initial dose (200 µg/mL) after 12 h in culture. Histological data showed that the skin maintained its structure throughout the tested time that the hOSEC method was applied. No apoptotic cells were observed in the epidermal and dermal layers. No visible changes in the dermo-epidermal junction and no inflammatory processes with the recruitment of defense cells were observed. Hence, these findings suggest that the hOSEC concept as an alternative ex vivo model for assessing the dynamics of skin distribution of drugs, such as dacarbazine, and determining their respective dermatokinetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Nani Leite
- Division of Dermatology - Wound Healing & Hansen's Disease Lab, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Santos Rosa Viegas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Silva Garcia Praça
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Natália Aparecida de Paula
- Division of Dermatology - Wound Healing & Hansen's Disease Lab, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leandra Náira Zambelli Ramalho
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Marco Andrey Cipriani Frade
- Division of Dermatology - Wound Healing & Hansen's Disease Lab, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Sabo S, Waters LJ. Poly(dimethylsiloxane): A Sustainable Human Skin Alternative for Transdermal Drug Delivery Prediction. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1018-1024. [PMID: 33275991 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advantages of transdermal drug delivery (TDD), which makes it a fast-growing area of research in pharmaceutics, numerous challenges affect their development, which limits exploring the full potential of this alternate drug delivery route. In trying to address one of these problems, it is strongly believed that the need for a sustainable skin alternative is paramount. Efforts made in an attempt to provide a sustainable alternative to employing skin in pharmaceutical analysis, by better utilising a polymer membrane, namely poly(dimethylsiloxane), also known as PDMS are discussed. Several combined properties of this polymer, which includes its relative stability in comparison with human skin, make it a good candidate for the replacement of skin. Modifications undertaken to this polymer membrane (to create an enhanced skin mimic for permeation analysis) are discussed and reviewed in this paper, including the improved ability to predict permeability for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. Optimisations related to studying TDD including limitations encountered are also documented and reviewed. It is hoped that such developments in this field will ultimately lead to researchers replacing skin with optimised polymer-based alternatives to predict transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sani Sabo
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Laura J Waters
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
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16
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Dancik Y, Kichou H, Eklouh-Molinier C, Soucé M, Munnier E, Chourpa I, Bonnier F. Freezing Weakens the Barrier Function of Reconstructed Human Epidermis as Evidenced by Raman Spectroscopy and Percutaneous Permeation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1041. [PMID: 33143093 PMCID: PMC7694161 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and characterization of reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) is an active area of R&D. RHE can replace animal tissues in pharmaceutical, toxicological and cosmetic sciences, yielding scientific and ethical advantages. RHEs remain costly, however, due to consumables and time required for their culture and a short shelf-life. Storing, i.e., freezing RHE could help reduce costs but to date, little is known on the effects of freezing on the barrier function of RHE. We studied such effects using commercial EpiSkin™ RHE stored at -20, -80 and -150 °C for 1 and 10 weeks. We acquired intrinsic Raman spectra in the stratum corneum (SC) of the RHEs as well as spectra obtained following topical application of resorcinol in an aqueous solution. In parallel, we quantified the effects of freezing on the permeation kinetics of resorcinol from time-dependent permeation experiments. Principal component analyses discriminated the intrinsic SC spectra and the spectra of resorcinol-containing RHEs, in each case on the basis of the freezing conditions. Permeation of resorcinol through the frozen RHE increased 3- to 6-fold compared to fresh RHE, with the strongest effect obtained from freezing at -20 °C for 10 weeks. Due to the extensive optimization and standardization of EpiSkin™ RHE, the effects observed in our work may be expected to be more pronounced with other RHEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Dancik
- Le STUDIUM Institute of Advanced Studies, 1 rue Dupanloup, 45000 Orléans, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, EA 6295 NanoMédicaments et NanoSondes, 37200 Tours, France; (H.K.); (C.E.-M.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Hichem Kichou
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, EA 6295 NanoMédicaments et NanoSondes, 37200 Tours, France; (H.K.); (C.E.-M.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Christophe Eklouh-Molinier
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, EA 6295 NanoMédicaments et NanoSondes, 37200 Tours, France; (H.K.); (C.E.-M.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Martin Soucé
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, EA 6295 NanoMédicaments et NanoSondes, 37200 Tours, France; (H.K.); (C.E.-M.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Emilie Munnier
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, EA 6295 NanoMédicaments et NanoSondes, 37200 Tours, France; (H.K.); (C.E.-M.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Igor Chourpa
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, EA 6295 NanoMédicaments et NanoSondes, 37200 Tours, France; (H.K.); (C.E.-M.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Franck Bonnier
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, EA 6295 NanoMédicaments et NanoSondes, 37200 Tours, France; (H.K.); (C.E.-M.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (I.C.)
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17
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Supe S, Takudage P. Methods for evaluating penetration of drug into the skin: A review. Skin Res Technol 2020; 27:299-308. [PMID: 33095948 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin being the largest organ of the human body plays a very important role in the permeation and penetration of the drug. In addition, the transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) plays a major role in managing dermal infections and attaining sustained plasma drug concentration. Thus, evaluation of percutaneous penetration of the drug through the skin is important in developing TDDS for human use. MATERIAL AND METHODS Various techniques are used for getting the desired drug penetration, permeation, and absorption through the skin in managing these dermal disorders. The development of novel pharmaceutical dosage forms for dermal use is much explored in the current era. However, it is very important to evaluate these methods to determine the bioequivalence and risk of these topically applied drugs, which ultimately penetrate and are absorbed through the skin. RESULTS Currently, numerous skin permeation models are being developed and persuasively used in studying dermatopharmacokinetic (DPK) profile and various models have been developed, to evaluate the TDD which include ex vivo human skin, ex vivo animal skin, and artificial or reconstructed skin models. CONCLUSION This review discusses the general physiology of the skin, the physiochemical characteristics affecting particle penetration, understand the models used for human skin permeation studies and understanding their advantages, and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibani Supe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Chemical technology, Mumbai, India
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18
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Hardwick RN, Betts CJ, Whritenour J, Sura R, Thamsen M, Kaufman EH, Fabre K. Drug-induced skin toxicity: gaps in preclinical testing cascade as opportunities for complex in vitro models and assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:199-214. [PMID: 31598618 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00519f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the body and serves as the principle barrier to the environment. Composed of multiple cell types arranged in stratified layers with highly specialized appendages, it serves sensory and immune surveillance roles in addition to its primary mechanical function. Several complex in vitro models of skin (i.e. microphysiological systems (MPS) including but not limited to 3D tissues, organ-on-a-chip, organoids), have been developed and assays validated for regulatory purposes. As such, skin is arguably the most advanced organ with respect to model development and adoption across industries including chemical, cosmetic, and to a somewhat lesser extent, pharmaceutical. Early adoption of complex skin models and associated assays for assessment of irritation and corrosion spurred research into other areas such as sensitization, absorption, phototoxicity, and genotoxicity. Despite such considerable advancements, opportunities remain for immune capabilities, inclusion of appendages such as hair follicles, fluidics, and innervation, among others. Herein, we provide an overview of current complex skin model capabilities and limitations within the drug development scheme, and recommendations for future model development and assay qualification and/or validation with the intent to facilitate wider adoption of use within the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon N Hardwick
- Translational Safety Sciences, Theravance Biopharma, US, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Catherine J Betts
- Pathology Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jessica Whritenour
- Pfizer, Inc., Drug Safety Research and Development, Eastern Point Rd, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | - Maike Thamsen
- Pharmacology, Theravance Biopharma, US, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elad H Kaufman
- Biology, Theravance Biopharma, US, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristin Fabre
- MPS Center of Excellence, Drug Safety & Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
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19
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Naito C, Yamaguchi T, Katsumi H, Kimura S, Kamei S, Morishita M, Sakane T, Kawabata K, Yamamoto A. Utility of Three-Dimensional Skin From Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Tool to Evaluate Transdermal Drug Permeation. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3524-3527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Hyaluronan as tunable drug delivery system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:83-96. [PMID: 31421148 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hyaluronan (HA) polymer is an important macromolecule of extracellular matrix with remarkable structure and functions: it is a linear and unbranched polymer without sulphate or phosphate groups and has key role in several biological processes in mammals. It is ubiquitous in mammalian tissues with several and specific functions, influencing cell proliferation and migration as well as angiogenesis and inflammation. To exert these important functions in tissues HA modifies the concentration and size. Considering this HA content in tissues is carefully controlled by different mechanisms including covalent modification of the synthetic enzymes and epigenetic control of their gene expression. The function of HA is also critical in several pathologies including cancer, diabetes and chronic inflammation. Among these biological roles, the structural properties of HA allow to use this polymer in regenerative medicine including cosmetics and drug delivery. HA takes advantage from its capacity to form gels even at concentration of 1% producing scaffolds with very intriguing mechanical properties. These hydrogels are useful in regenerative medicine as biocompatible material for advanced therapeutic uses. In this review we highlight the biological aspects of HA addressing the mechanisms controlling the HA content in tissues and its role as drug delivery system.
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21
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Characteristics of Skin Deposition of Itraconazole Solubilized in Cream Formulation. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11040195. [PMID: 31013633 PMCID: PMC6523664 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Itraconazole (ITZ) is an anti-fungal agent generally used to treat cutaneous mycoses. For efficient delivery of ITZ to the skin tissues, an oil-in-water (O/W) cream formulation was developed. The O/W cream base was designed based on the solubility measurement of ITZ in various excipients. A physical mixture of the O/W cream base and ITZ was also prepared as a control formulation to evaluate the effects of the solubilized state of ITZ in cream base on the in vitro skin deposition behavior of ITZ. Polarized light microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that ITZ was fully solubilized in the O/W cream formulation. The O/W cream formulation exhibited considerably enhanced deposition of ITZ in the stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis compared with that of the physical mixture, largely owing to its high solubilization capacity for ITZ. Therefore, the O/W cream formulation of ITZ developed in this study is promising for the treatment of cutaneous mycoses caused by fungi such as dermatophytes and yeasts.
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Zhang Q, Sito L, Mao M, He J, Zhang YS, Zhao X. Current advances in skin-on-a-chip models for drug testing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2. [PMID: 33521629 DOI: 10.21037/mps.2018.08.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skin-on-a-chip models are highly desirable in drug testing compared to conventional 2D cell culture and animal models as they can replicate organ-specific 3D structural organization and physiological functions at a relatively low cost. To engineer a physiologically relevant skin model, human skin structures have been integrated onto microfluidic platforms to construct skin-on-a-chip systems that can mimic the complex in vivo situation. In this mini-review, we first briefly introduce some critical technologies employed to develop in vitro skin-on-a-chip models. We then review the applications of the state-of-the-art skin-on-a-chip models in drug testing, with a focus on using models of full-thickness skin equivalents (FTSEs), skin models with additional components such as vasculature, immune cells and hair follicles as well as multi-organ-on-a-chip models. Finally, we discuss some current challenges and future directions of development of complex, and in vivo-like skin-on-a-chip models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Linda Sito
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Mao Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.,State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiankang He
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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23
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Niehues H, Bouwstra JA, El Ghalbzouri A, Brandner JM, Zeeuwen PLJM, van den Bogaard EH. 3D skin models for 3R research: The potential of 3D reconstructed skin models to study skin barrier function. Exp Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Niehues
- Department of Dermatology; Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc); Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS); Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Joke A. Bouwstra
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology; Cluster BioTherapeutics; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research; Leiden University; Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Johanna M. Brandner
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology; University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Patrick L. J. M. Zeeuwen
- Department of Dermatology; Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc); Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS); Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ellen H. van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology; Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc); Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS); Nijmegen The Netherlands
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24
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Ahadian S, Civitarese R, Bannerman D, Mohammadi MH, Lu R, Wang E, Davenport-Huyer L, Lai B, Zhang B, Zhao Y, Mandla S, Korolj A, Radisic M. Organ-On-A-Chip Platforms: A Convergence of Advanced Materials, Cells, and Microscale Technologies. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29034591 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significant advances in biomaterials, stem cell biology, and microscale technologies have enabled the fabrication of biologically relevant tissues and organs. Such tissues and organs, referred to as organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms, have emerged as a powerful tool in tissue analysis and disease modeling for biological and pharmacological applications. A variety of biomaterials are used in tissue fabrication providing multiple biological, structural, and mechanical cues in the regulation of cell behavior and tissue morphogenesis. Cells derived from humans enable the fabrication of personalized OOC platforms. Microscale technologies are specifically helpful in providing physiological microenvironments for tissues and organs. In this review, biomaterials, cells, and microscale technologies are described as essential components to construct OOC platforms. The latest developments in OOC platforms (e.g., liver, skeletal muscle, cardiac, cancer, lung, skin, bone, and brain) are then discussed as functional tools in simulating human physiology and metabolism. Future perspectives and major challenges in the development of OOC platforms toward accelerating clinical studies of drug discovery are finally highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad Ahadian
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Robert Civitarese
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Dawn Bannerman
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Rick Lu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Erika Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Locke Davenport-Huyer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Ben Lai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Serena Mandla
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Anastasia Korolj
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
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Assessment of skin barrier function and biochemical changes of ex vivo human skin in response to physical and chemical barrier disruption. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 116:138-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Strüver K, Friess W, Hedtrich S. Development of a Perfusion Platform for Dynamic Cultivation of in vitro Skin Models. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1159/000476071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Csongradi C, du Plessis J, Aucamp ME, Gerber M. Topical delivery of roxithromycin solid-state forms entrapped in vesicles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 114:96-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wallmeyer L, Dietert K, Sochorová M, Gruber AD, Kleuser B, Vávrová K, Hedtrich S. TSLP is a direct trigger for T cell migration in filaggrin-deficient skin equivalents. Sci Rep 2017; 7:774. [PMID: 28377574 PMCID: PMC5428778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding for filaggrin (FLG) are major predisposing factors for atopic dermatitis (AD). Besides genetic predisposition, immunological dysregulations considerably contribute to its pathophysiology. For example, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is highly expressed in lesional atopic skin and significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of AD by activating dendritic cells that then initiate downstream effects on, for example, T cells. However, little is known about the direct interplay between TSLP, filaggrin-deficient skin and other immune cells such as T lymphocytes. In the present study, FLG knockdown skin equivalents, characterised by intrinsically high TSLP levels, were exposed to activated CD4+ T cells. T cell exposure resulted in an inflammatory phenotype of the skin equivalents. Furthermore, a distinct shift from a Th1/Th17 to a Th2/Th22 profile was observed following exposure of T cells to filaggrin-deficient skin equivalents. Interestingly, TSLP directly stimulated T cell migration exclusively in filaggrin-deficient skin equivalents even in the absence of dendritic cells, indicating a hitherto unknown role of TSLP in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Wallmeyer
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Dietert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michaela Sochorová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Abd E, Yousef SA, Pastore MN, Telaprolu K, Mohammed YH, Namjoshi S, Grice JE, Roberts MS. Skin models for the testing of transdermal drugs. Clin Pharmacol 2016; 8:163-176. [PMID: 27799831 PMCID: PMC5076797 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s64788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of percutaneous permeation of molecules is a key step in the evaluation of dermal or transdermal delivery systems. If the drugs are intended for delivery to humans, the most appropriate setting in which to do the assessment is the in vivo human. However, this may not be possible for ethical, practical, or economic reasons, particularly in the early phases of development. It is thus necessary to find alternative methods using accessible and reproducible surrogates for in vivo human skin. A range of models has been developed, including ex vivo human skin, usually obtained from cadavers or plastic surgery patients, ex vivo animal skin, and artificial or reconstructed skin models. Increasingly, largely driven by regulatory authorities and industry, there is a focus on developing standardized techniques and protocols. With this comes the need to demonstrate that the surrogate models produce results that correlate with those from in vivo human studies and that they can be used to show bioequivalence of different topical products. This review discusses the alternative skin models that have been developed as surrogates for normal and diseased skin and examines the concepts of using model systems for in vitro–in vivo correlation and the demonstration of bioequivalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abd
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Shereen A Yousef
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Michael N Pastore
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Krishna Telaprolu
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Yousuf H Mohammed
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Sarika Namjoshi
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Jeffrey E Grice
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Michael S Roberts
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Rezaei Kolahchi A, Khadem Mohtaram N, Pezeshgi Modarres H, Mohammadi MH, Geraili A, Jafari P, Akbari M, Sanati-Nezhad A. Microfluidic-Based Multi-Organ Platforms for Drug Discovery. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:E162. [PMID: 30404334 PMCID: PMC6189912 DOI: 10.3390/mi7090162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Development of predictive multi-organ models before implementing costly clinical trials is central for screening the toxicity, efficacy, and side effects of new therapeutic agents. Despite significant efforts that have been recently made to develop biomimetic in vitro tissue models, the clinical application of such platforms is still far from reality. Recent advances in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK-PD) modeling, micro- and nanotechnology, and in silico modeling have enabled single- and multi-organ platforms for investigation of new chemical agents and tissue-tissue interactions. This review provides an overview of the principles of designing microfluidic-based organ-on-chip models for drug testing and highlights current state-of-the-art in developing predictive multi-organ models for studying the cross-talk of interconnected organs. We further discuss the challenges associated with establishing a predictive body-on-chip (BOC) model such as the scaling, cell types, the common medium, and principles of the study design for characterizing the interaction of drugs with multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Rezaei Kolahchi
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Nima Khadem Mohtaram
- Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Hassan Pezeshgi Modarres
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran 11155-9516, Iran.
| | - Armin Geraili
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran 11155-9516, Iran.
| | - Parya Jafari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran 11155-9516, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Planz V, Lehr CM, Windbergs M. In vitro models for evaluating safety and efficacy of novel technologies for skin drug delivery. J Control Release 2016; 242:89-104. [PMID: 27612408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For preclinical testing of novel therapeutics, predictive in vitro models of the human skin are required to assess efficacy, absorption and safety. Simple as well as more sophisticated three-dimensional organotypic models of the human skin emerged as versatile and powerful tools simulating healthy as well as diseased skin states. Besides addressing the demands of research and industry, such models serve as valid alternative to animal testing. Recently, the acceptance of several models by regulatory authorities corroborates their role as important building block for preclinical development. However, valid assessment of readout parameters derived from these models requires suitable analytical techniques. Standard analytical methods are mostly destructive and limited regarding in-depth investigation on molecular level. The combination of adequate in vitro models with modern non-invasive analytical modalities bears a great potential to address important skin drug delivery related questions. Topics of interest are for instance the assessment of repeated dosing effects and xenobiotic biotransformation, which cannot be analyzed by destructive techniques. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current in vitro skin models differing in functional complexity and mimicking healthy as well as diseased skin states. Further, benefits and limitations regarding analytical evaluation of efficacy, absorption and safety of novel drug carrier systems applied to such models are discussed along with a prospective view of anticipated future directions. In addition, emerging non-invasive imaging modalities are introduced and their significance and potential to advance current knowledge in the field of skin drug delivery is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Planz
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; PharmBioTec GmbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; PharmBioTec GmbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Maike Windbergs
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; PharmBioTec GmbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Khiao In M, Wallmeyer L, Hedtrich S, Richardson KC, Plendl J, Kaessmeyer S. The effect of endothelialization on the epidermal differentiation in human three-dimensional skin constructs - A morphological study. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016; 61:157-74. [PMID: 26519229 DOI: 10.3233/ch-151988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inducing vascularization in three-dimensional skin constructs continues to be difficult. In this study, two variations of human full-thickness skin constructs were examined. Type KCFB consists of keratinocytes (epidermal equivalent) and fibroblasts that were embedded in a collagen matrix (dermal equivalent). Type KCFB-EC consists of keratinocytes as well as fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells. The epidermal equivalent of KCFB-EC constructs underwent cellular alterations in their differentiation possibly induced by the presence of endothelial cells. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of endothelial cells, i.e., endothelialization of the dermal equivalent on the differentiation of keratinocytes by comparing the morphology and ultrastructure of the two types of skin constructs, as well as to excised normal human skin. HYPOTHESIS The differentiation of keratinocytes is influenced by the presence of endothelial cells. METHODS, PATIENTS, MATERIAL KCFB constructs (keratinocytes, fibroblasts) and KCFB-EC skin constructs(kera-tinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells) were prepared according to Küchler et al. [25]. After two weeks, the skin constructs were processed for analysis by light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (TEM), followed by quantitative, semi-quantitative as well as qualitative assessment. For comparison, analysis by LM and TEM of excised normal human skin was also performed. RESULTS Both KCFB and KCFB-EC skin constructs and the human skin had all strata of stratified soft-cornified epidermis present. The comparison of the respective layers of the skin constructs brought the following characteristics to light: The KCFB-EC constructs had significantly more mitotic cells in the stratum spinosum, more cell layers in the stratum granulosum and more keratohyalin granules compared to KCFB skin constructs. Additionally, the epidermal architecture was unorganized in the endothelialized constructs and features of excessive epidermal differentiation appeared in KCFB-EC skin constructs. CONCLUSION The endothelialization of the dermal equivalent caused changes in the differentiation of the epidermis of KCFB-EC skin constructs that may be interpreted as an unbalanced, i.e., uncontrolled or enhanced maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khiao In
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - L Wallmeyer
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - S Hedtrich
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - K C Richardson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - J Plendl
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - S Kaessmeyer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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Mathes C, Melero A, Conrad P, Vogt T, Rigo L, Selzer D, Prado W, De Rossi C, Garrigues T, Hansen S, Guterres S, Pohlmann A, Beck R, Lehr CM, Schaefer U. Nanocarriers for optimizing the balance between interfollicular permeation and follicular uptake of topically applied clobetasol to minimize adverse effects. J Control Release 2016; 223:207-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Stimulation of PPARα normalizes the skin lipid ratio and improves the skin barrier of normal and filaggrin deficient reconstructed skin. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 80:102-10. [PMID: 26472199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic options for atopic dermatitis mostly address the symptoms but causal therapies are still missing. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) agonists exert beneficial effects in patients suffering this disease, whereas the stimulation of PPARα and γ seemed most promising. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the effects of the PPARα specific agonist WY14643, the PPARγ agonist ciglitazone, and the dual PPARα+γ agonist docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the homeostasis and barrier function of filaggrin deficient skin. METHODS The effects of the PPAR agonists on skin differentiation were evaluated via qPCR, Western blot, histological or immunofluorescence staining. Skin lipid organization was determined by ATR-FTIR and lipid composition was analyzed by HPTLC. Ultimately, the skin barrier function was assessed by skin absorption studies using the radioactively labeled compound testosterone. RESULTS Significant upregulation of filaggrin after DHA and WY14643 supplementation, but no effect of ciglitazone, on protein and mRNA level was detected. DHA and WY14643, but not ciglitazone, normalized the molar ratio of the main skin barrier lipids to 1:1:1 (free fatty acids:ceramides:cholesterol). Furthermore, DHA and WY14643 supplementation normalized the skin lipid profile in filaggrin deficient skin, but only WY14643 significantly improved the skin barrier function. CONCLUSION Supplementation particularly with the PPARα agonist WY14643 improved the homeostasis and barrier function of filaggrin deficient skin models by normalization of the free fatty acid profile underlining the potential of PPAR agonists for the treatment of filaggrin-associated skin diseases.
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Cai B, Xia W, Bredenberg S, Li H, Engqvist H. Bioceramic microneedles with flexible and self-swelling substrate. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 94:404-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Witting M, Molina M, Obst K, Plank R, Eckl KM, Hennies HC, Calderón M, Frieß W, Hedtrich S. Thermosensitive dendritic polyglycerol-based nanogels for cutaneous delivery of biomacromolecules. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1179-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dumont C, Prieto P, Asturiol D, Worth A. Review of the Availability ofIn VitroandIn SilicoMethods for Assessing Dermal Bioavailability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2015.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Dumont
- The European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Pilar Prieto
- The European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - David Asturiol
- The European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Andrew Worth
- The European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
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Feasibility study for intraepidermal delivery of proteins using a solid microneedle array. Int J Pharm 2015; 486:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Witting M, Boreham A, Brodwolf R, Vávrová K, Alexiev U, Friess W, Hedtrich S. Interactions of hyaluronic Acid with the skin and implications for the dermal delivery of biomacromolecules. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1391-401. [PMID: 25871518 DOI: 10.1021/mp500676e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels are interesting delivery systems for topical applications. Besides moisturizing the skin and improving wound healing, HA facilitates topical drug absorption and is highly compatible with labile biomacromolecules. Hence, in this study we investigated the influence of HA hydrogels with different molecular weights (5 kDa, 100 kDa, 1 MDa) on the skin absorption of the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). To elucidate the interactions of HA with the stratum corneum and the skin absorption of HA itself, we combined FLIM and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Our results revealed distinct formulation and skin-dependent effects. In barrier deficient (tape-stripped) skin, BSA alone penetrated into dermal layers. When BSA and HA were applied together, however, penetration was restricted to the epidermis. In normal skin, penetration enhancement of BSA into the epidermis was observed when applying low molecular weight HA (5 kDa). Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis indicated close interactions between HA and BSA under these conditions. FTIR spectroscopic analysis of HA interactions with stratum corneum constituents showed an α-helix to β-sheet interconversion of keratin in the stratum corneum, increased skin hydration, and intense interactions between 100 kDa HA and the skin lipids resulting in a more disordered arrangement of the latter. In conclusion, HA hydrogels restricted the delivery of biomacromolecules to the stratum corneum and viable epidermis in barrier deficient skin, and therefore seem to be potential topical drug vehicles. In contrast, HA acted as an enhancer for delivery in normal skin, probably mediated by a combination of cotransport, increased skin hydration, and modifications of the stratum corneum properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Witting
- †Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Boreham
- ‡Department of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Brodwolf
- ‡Department of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- §Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ulrike Alexiev
- ‡Department of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Friess
- †Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- †Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,∥Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Rosenberger S, Dick A, Latzko S, Hausser I, Stark HJ, Rauh M, Schneider H, Krieg P. A mouse organotypic tissue culture model for autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1347-57. [PMID: 25078898 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses (ARCIs) are keratinization disorders caused by impaired skin barrier function. Mutations in the genes encoding the lipoxygenases 12R-LOX and eLOX-3 are the second most common cause of ARCIs. In recent years, human skin equivalents recapitulating the ARCI phenotype have been established. OBJECTIVES To develop a murine organotypic tissue culture model for ARCI. METHODS Epidermal keratinocytes were isolated from newborn 12R-LOX-deficient mice and cocultivated with mouse dermal fibroblasts embedded in a scaffold of native collagen type I. RESULTS With this experimental set-up the keratinocytes formed a well-organized multilayered stratified epithelium resembling skin architecture in vivo. All epidermal layers were present and the keratinocytes within showed the characteristic morphological features. Markers for differentiation and maturation indicated regular epidermal morphogenesis. The major components of epidermal structures were expressed, and were obviously processed and assembled properly. In contrast to their wild-type counterparts, 12R-LOX-deficient skin equivalents showed abnormal vesicular structures in the upper epidermal layers correlating with altered lipid composition and increased transepidermal water loss, comparable with 12R-LOX-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS The mouse skin equivalents faithfully recapitulate the 12R-LOX-deficient phenotype observed in vivo, classifying them as appropriate in vitro models to study molecular mechanisms involved in the development of ARCI and to evaluate novel therapeutic agents. In contrast to existing human three-dimensional skin models, the generation of these murine models is not constrained by a limited supply of material and does not depend on in vitro expansion and/or genetic manipulations that could result in inadvertent genotypic and phenotypic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rosenberger
- Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Stiefel C, Schwack W. Photoprotection in changing times - UV filter efficacy and safety, sensitization processes and regulatory aspects. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 37:2-30. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Stiefel
- Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Hohenheim; Garbenstrasse 28 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - W. Schwack
- Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Hohenheim; Garbenstrasse 28 70599 Stuttgart Germany
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Tfayli A, Bonnier F, Farhane Z, Libong D, Byrne HJ, Baillet-Guffroy A. Comparison of structure and organization of cutaneous lipids in a reconstructed skin model and human skin: spectroscopic imaging and chromatographic profiling. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:441-3. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Tfayli
- Group of Analytical Chemistry of Paris-Sud (GCAPS); Faculty of Pharmacy; University Paris-Sud; Chatenay-Malabry France
| | - Franck Bonnier
- Focas Research Institute; Dublin Institute of Technology; Dublin 8 Ireland
| | - Zeineb Farhane
- Group of Analytical Chemistry of Paris-Sud (GCAPS); Faculty of Pharmacy; University Paris-Sud; Chatenay-Malabry France
| | - Danielle Libong
- Group of Analytical Chemistry of Paris-Sud (GCAPS); Faculty of Pharmacy; University Paris-Sud; Chatenay-Malabry France
| | - Hugh J. Byrne
- Focas Research Institute; Dublin Institute of Technology; Dublin 8 Ireland
| | - Arlette Baillet-Guffroy
- Group of Analytical Chemistry of Paris-Sud (GCAPS); Faculty of Pharmacy; University Paris-Sud; Chatenay-Malabry France
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Petrova A, Celli A, Jacquet L, Dafou D, Crumrine D, Hupe M, Arno M, Hobbs C, Cvoro A, Karagiannis P, Devito L, Sun R, Adame LC, Vaughan R, McGrath JA, Mauro TM, Ilic D. 3D In vitro model of a functional epidermal permeability barrier from human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 2:675-89. [PMID: 24936454 PMCID: PMC4050479 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornification and epidermal barrier defects are associated with a number of clinically diverse skin disorders. However, a suitable in vitro model for studying normal barrier function and barrier defects is still lacking. Here, we demonstrate the generation of human epidermal equivalents (HEEs) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). HEEs are structurally similar to native epidermis, with a functional permeability barrier. We exposed a pure population of hESC/iPSC-derived keratinocytes, whose transcriptome corresponds to the gene signature of normal primary human keratinocytes (NHKs), to a sequential high-to-low humidity environment in an air/liquid interface culture. The resulting HEEs had all of the cellular strata of the human epidermis, with skin barrier properties similar to those of normal skin. Such HEEs generated from disease-specific iPSCs will be an invaluable tool not only for dissecting molecular mechanisms that lead to epidermal barrier defects but also for drug development and screening. Manufacture of HEEs with a functional epidermal barrier in vitro from hESCs/iPSCs Unique model for skin diseases with defective epidermal permeability barriers Easily adaptable model for use in regenerative and aesthetic medicine Cost-effective model for testing new drugs and cosmetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Petrova
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Assisted Conception Unit, Division of Women's Health, Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK ; St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anna Celli
- Department of Dermatology, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Laureen Jacquet
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Assisted Conception Unit, Division of Women's Health, Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Dimitra Dafou
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Debra Crumrine
- Department of Dermatology, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Melanie Hupe
- Department of Dermatology, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Matthew Arno
- Genomics Centre, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Carl Hobbs
- Histology Laboratory, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Aleksandra Cvoro
- Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Liani Devito
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Assisted Conception Unit, Division of Women's Health, Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Richard Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Lillian C Adame
- Department of Dermatology, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Robert Vaughan
- Clinical Transplantation Laboratory, GSTS and MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Theodora M Mauro
- Department of Dermatology, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Dusko Ilic
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Assisted Conception Unit, Division of Women's Health, Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Microneedle-Assisted Permeation of Lidocaine Carboxymethylcellulose with Gelatine Co-polymer Hydrogel. Pharm Res 2013; 31:1170-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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