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Zu Y, Liu Y, Lan L, Zhu C, Zhang C, Liu D. Consecutive baicalin treatment relieves its accumulation in rats with intrahepatic cholestasis by increasing MRP2 expression. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12689. [PMID: 36647350 PMCID: PMC9840109 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin, an important flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is a Chinese herb widely used in clinical practice. We previously reported the in vivo accumulation of baicalin in rats with intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC) after a single dose. However, the effects of the long-term administration of baicalin on its pharmacokinetics are unknown. Thus, we investigated the disposition of baicalin in normal rats and those with IHC after single and multiple consecutive administrations. In addition, we further investigated the effect of baicalin on multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) in vivo to explore the underlying mechanism. In our study, the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method established to determine baicalin concentrations in rat blood was simple, specific, and with linearity (R2 = 0.9980) in the range of 1.01-506.00 μg/mL. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for intra-day and inter-day precision were not more than 10.55%, and the intra-day and inter-day accuracies were 94.94%-109.13%. The recovery rate and stability were in line with the requirements of the quantitative analysis of biological samples as stated in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition). Compared with that in normal rats, the Cmax and t1/2 increased significantly in EE-induced rats with IHC, whereas the clearance (CL) decreased after a single administration of baicalin. However, the area under the curve decreased, CL increased, and the t1/2 was shortened after the continuous administration of baicalin in the IHC rat model compared with the single administration of baicalin, and the pharmacokinetic characteristics were similar to those in normal rats. Moreover, MRP2 expression increased in rats with IHC with the continuous administration of baicalin. Continuous baicalin intervention could effectively reduce its accumulation in rats with IHC, and the mechanism may be attributed to its enhancement of MRP2 expression.
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Morales Junior R, Telles JP, Kwiatkowski SYC, Juodinis VD, de Souza DC, Santos SRCJ. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations of antibiotics and antifungals in liver transplantation recipients. Liver Transpl 2023; 29:91-102. [PMID: 35643926 DOI: 10.1002/lt.26517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The liver plays a major role in drug metabolism. Liver transplantation impacts the intrinsic metabolic capability and extrahepatic mechanisms of drug disposition and elimination. Different levels of inflammation and oxidative stress during transplantation, the process of liver regeneration, and the characteristics of the graft alter the amount of functional hepatocytes and activity of liver enzymes. Binding of drugs to plasma proteins is affected by the hyperbilirubinemia status and abnormal synthesis of albumin and alpha-1-acid glycoproteins. Postoperative intensive care complications such as biliary, circulatory, and cardiac also impact drug distribution. Renally eliminated antimicrobials commonly present reduced clearance due to hepatorenal syndrome and the use of nephrotoxic immunosuppressants. In addition, liver transplantation recipients are particularly susceptible to multidrug-resistant infections due to frequent manipulation, multiple hospitalizations, invasive devices, and frequent use of empiric broad-spectrum therapy. The selection of appropriate anti-infective therapy must consider the pathophysiological changes after transplantation that impact the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics and antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Morales Junior
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics , Hospital Sírio-Libanês , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - João Paulo Telles
- Department of Infectious Diseases , AC Camargo Cancer Center , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa D'Amaro Juodinis
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics , Hospital Sírio-Libanês , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Daniela Carla de Souza
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics , Hospital Sírio-Libanês , São Paulo , Brazil
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Jilek JL, Frost KL, Marie S, Myers CM, Goedken M, Wright SH, Cherrington NJ. Attenuated Ochratoxin A Transporter Expression in a Mouse Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Protects against Proximal Convoluted Tubule Toxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:1389-1395. [PMID: 34921099 PMCID: PMC9513848 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is an abundant mycotoxin, yet the toxicological impact of its disposition is not well studied. OTA is an organic anion transporter (OAT) substrate primarily excreted in urine despite a long half-life and extensive protein binding. Altered renal transporter expression during disease, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), may influence response to OTA exposure, but the impact of NASH on OTA toxicokinetics, tissue distribution, and associated nephrotoxicity is unknown. By inducing NASH in fast food-dieted/thioacetamide-exposed mice, we evaluated the effect of NASH on a bolus OTA exposure (12.5 mg/kg by mouth) after 3 days. NASH mice presented with less gross toxicity (44% less body weight loss), and kidney and liver weights of NASH mice were 11% and 24% higher, respectively, than healthy mice. Organ and body weight changes coincided with reduced renal proximal tubule cells vacuolation, degeneration, and necrosis, though no OTA-induced hepatic lesions were found. OTA systemic exposure in NASH mice increased modestly from 5.65 ± 1.10 to 7.95 ± 0.61 mg*h/ml per kg BW, and renal excretion increased robustly from 5.55% ± 0.37% to 13.11% ± 3.10%, relative to healthy mice. Total urinary excretion of OTA increased from 24.41 ± 1.74 to 40.07 ± 9.19 µg in NASH mice, and kidney-bound OTA decreased by ∼30%. Renal OAT isoform expression (OAT1-5) in NASH mice decreased by ∼50% with reduced OTA uptake by proximal convoluted cells. These data suggest that NASH-induced OAT transporter reductions attenuate renal secretion and reabsorption of OTA, increasing OTA urinary excretion and reducing renal exposure, thereby reducing nephrotoxicity in NASH. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: These data suggest a disease-mediated transporter mechanism of altered tissue-specific toxicity after mycotoxin exposure, despite minimal systemic changes to ochratoxin A (OTA) concentrations. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the clinical relevance of this functional model and the potential effect of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis on OTA and other organic anion substrate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Jilek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Kayla L Frost
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Solène Marie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Cassandra M Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Michael Goedken
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Stephen H Wright
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
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4
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Inhibiting uptake activity of organic anion transporter 2 by bile acids. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 43:100448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2022.100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Steatosis Alters the Activity of Hepatocyte Membrane Transporters in Obese Rats. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102733. [PMID: 34685713 PMCID: PMC8534847 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat accumulation (steatosis) in ballooned hepatocytes alters the expression of membrane transporters in Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats. The aim of the study was to quantify the functions of these transporters and their impact on hepatocyte concentrations using a clinical hepatobiliary contrast agent (Gadobenate dimeglumine, BOPTA) for liver imaging. In isolated and perfused rat livers, we quantified BOPTA accumulation and decay profiles in fa/+ (normal) and fa/fa hepatocytes by placing a gamma counter over livers. Profiles of BOPTA accumulation and decay in hepatocytes were analysed with nonlinear regressions to characterise BOPTA influx and efflux across hepatocyte transporters. At the end of the accumulation period, BOPTA hepatocyte concentrations and influx clearances were not significantly different in fa/+ and fa/fa livers. In contrast, bile clearance was significantly lower in fatty hepatocytes while efflux clearance back to sinusoids compensated the low efflux into canaliculi. The time when BOPTA cellular efflux impacts the accumulation profile of hepatocyte concentrations was slightly delayed (2 min) by steatosis, anticipating a delayed emptying of hepatocytes. The experimental model is useful for quantifying the functions of hepatocyte transporters in liver diseases.
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Laatikainen O, Sneck S, Turpeinen M. Medication-related adverse events in health care-what have we learned? A narrative overview of the current knowledge. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 78:159-170. [PMID: 34611721 PMCID: PMC8748358 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-021-03213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Although medication-related adverse events (MRAEs) in health care are vastly studied, high heterogeneity in study results complicates the interpretations of the current situation. The main objective of this study was to form an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of the prevalence, risk factors, and surveillance of MRAEs in health care. Methods Electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched with applicable search terms to collect information on medication-related adverse events. In order to obtain an up-to-date view of MRAEs, only studies published after 2000 were accepted. Results The prevalence rates of different MRAEs vary greatly between individual studies and meta-analyses. Study setting, patient population, and detection methods play an important role in determining detection rates, which should be regarded while interpreting the results. Medication-related adverse events are more common in elderly patients and patients with lowered liver or kidney function, polypharmacy, and a large number of additional comorbidities. However, the risk of MRAEs is also significantly increased by the use of high-risk medicines but also in certain care situations. Preventing MRAEs is important as it will decrease patient mortality and morbidity but also reduce costs and functional challenges related to them. Conclusions Medication-related adverse events are highly common and have both immediate and long-term effects to patients and healthcare systems worldwide. Conclusive solutions for prevention of all medication-related harm are impossible to create. In the future, however, the development of efficient real-time detection methods can provide significant improvements for event prevention and forecasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Laatikainen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - S Sneck
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Turpeinen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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7
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Sharma S, Stine JG, Verbeek T, Bezinover D. Management of Patients With Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Undergoing Liver Transplantation: Considerations for the Anesthesiologist. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 36:2616-2627. [PMID: 34391652 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) currently affects more than 25% of the world population and is rising. NAFLD can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis that is associated with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and can result in cirrhosis with subsequent liver failure. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has now emerged as one of the leading etiologies for a liver transplant among adults in the United States. Given the rising incidence of liver transplants in patients with NASH-related cirrhosis, it is essential for anesthesiologists to be familiar with this condition as well as with NASH-related comorbidities and perioperative complications. Not only is NASH linked to metabolic syndrome, but it also is independently associated with cardiovascular disease, renal and thyroid dysfunction, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and a hypercoagulable state. The association with these conditions can affect the perioperative outcome of these patients, particularly because of increased mortality from major adverse cardiovascular events and sepsis. In order to decrease the perioperative morbidity and mortality of patients with NASH undergoing a liver transplant, a multidisciplinary approach to their perioperative management is essential, along with careful preoperative evaluation and aggressive intraoperative and postoperative monitoring. The focus of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of challenges associated with liver transplants in patients with NASH and to provide suggestions for appropriate patient selection and perioperative management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Sharma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA.
| | - Jonathan G Stine
- Liver Center, Pennsylvania State University, Penn State Health Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Department of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Thomas Verbeek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Dmitri Bezinover
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Liver Center, Pennsylvania State University, Penn State Health Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
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Li Z, Lyu Y, Zhao J, Li D, Lin Z, To KKW, Yan X, Zuo Z. Disease Status-Dependent Drug-Herb Interactions: NASH Lowered the Risk of Hepatotoxicity in Rats Coadministered With Simvastatin and Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:622040. [PMID: 33967756 PMCID: PMC8103205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.622040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Concurrent use of simvastatin (SV) and Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (GJ) was adopted in patients with multi-morbidity, such as stroke rehabilitation patients with NASH. Although hepatotoxicity has been reported in both of them and NASH could alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs/herbs, the interaction between SV and GJ and the related hepatotoxicity remained uninvestigated under neither healthy nor NASH condition. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential hepatotoxicity resulted from the interactions between SV and GJ in both healthy and NASH rats. Both healthy and NASH rats received two-week SV (p. o., 8.66 mg/kg, once daily) and/or GJ (p.o., 325 mg/kg, twice daily). Pharmacokinetic profiles of SV, simvastatin acid (SVA, active metabolite of SV), and geniposide (major component in GJ); hepatic Cyp2c11/Oatp1b2/P-gp expression; and biomarker levels of liver function, lipid levels, and liver histology were compared to demonstrate the interactions in rats. To explore the mechanism of the interaction-mediated hepatotoxicity, hepatic genipin-protein adduct content and iNOS/COX-1/COX-2 expressions from related groups were compared. Moreover, liver histology of healthy/NASH rats at 90 days after discontinuation of two-week GJ in the absence and presence of SV was evaluated to estimate the long-term impact of the interactions. GJ reduced the systemic exposures of SV and SVA by up-regulating the hepatic P-gp expression in healthy but not NASH rats. Meanwhile, SV increased the systemic exposure of geniposide via inhibiting the activity of P-gp in both healthy and NASH rats. Although neither SV nor GJ induced hepatotoxicity in healthy rats, their co-treatment elevated serum ALT and AST levels, which may attribute to the aggravated genipin-protein adduct formation, inflammation infiltration, and iNOS/COX-1 expressions in the liver. In NASH rats, SV and/or GJ reduced serum ALT, AST, LDL/vLDL, and TC levels via alleviating hepatic inflammation infiltration and iNOS/COX-1 expressions. Moreover, in comparison to NASH rats, more severe fibrosis was observed in the livers of healthy rats at 90 days after discontinuation of two-week SV and GJ coadministration. Although interactions between SV and GJ induced short-term and long-term liver injuries in healthy rats, NASH condition in rats could lower such risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yuanfeng Lyu
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zhixiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kenneth Kin Wah To
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Lin YS, Thummel KE, Thompson BD, Totah RA, Cho CW. Sources of Interindividual Variability. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2342:481-550. [PMID: 34272705 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1554-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of drugs are dependent on numerous factors that influence their disposition. A dose that is efficacious and safe for one individual may result in sub-therapeutic or toxic blood concentrations in others. A significant source of this variability in drug response is drug metabolism, where differences in presystemic and systemic biotransformation efficiency result in variable degrees of systemic exposure (e.g., AUC, Cmax, and/or Cmin) following administration of a fixed dose.Interindividual differences in drug biotransformation have been studied extensively. It is recognized that both intrinsic factors (e.g., genetics, age, sex, and disease states) and extrinsic factors (e.g., diet , chemical exposures from the environment, and the microbiome) play a significant role. For drug-metabolizing enzymes, genetic variation can result in the complete absence or enhanced expression of a functional enzyme. In addition, upregulation and downregulation of gene expression, in response to an altered cellular environment, can achieve the same range of metabolic function (phenotype), but often in a less predictable and time-dependent manner. Understanding the mechanistic basis for variability in drug disposition and response is essential if we are to move beyond the era of empirical, trial-and-error dose selection and into an age of personalized medicine that will improve outcomes in maintaining health and treating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne S Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Kenneth E Thummel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brice D Thompson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rheem A Totah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christi W Cho
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Sharma S, Suresh Ahire D, Prasad B. Utility of Quantitative Proteomics for Enhancing the Predictive Ability of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models Across Disease States. J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 60 Suppl 1:S17-S35. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University Spokane Washington USA
| | - Deepak Suresh Ahire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University Spokane Washington USA
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University Spokane Washington USA
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Monascus purpureus-fermented common buckwheat protects against dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through the regulation of liver metabolome and intestinal microbiome. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Huang ZR, Deng JC, Li QY, Cao YJ, Lin YC, Bai WD, Liu B, Rao PF, Ni L, Lv XC. Protective Mechanism of Common Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Dyslipidemia in Mice Fed a High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6530-6543. [PMID: 32383865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective mechanism of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with dyslipidemia in mice that were fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFD). Results showed that oral supplementation of common buckwheat significantly improved physiological indexes and biochemical parameters related to dyslipidemia and NAFLD in mice fed with HFD. Furthermore, the HFD-induced reductions in fecal short-chain fatty acids were reversed by common buckwheat intervention, which also increased the fecal bile acid (BA) abundance compared with HFD-induced hyperlipidemic mice. Liver metabolomics based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry demonstrated that common buckwheat supplementation made significant regulatory effects on the pentose phosphate pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism, primary BA biosynthesis, and so forth. The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed that common buckwheat supplementation significantly altered the structure of the intestinal microbiota in mice fed with HFD. The correlations between lipid metabolic parameters and intestinal microbial phylotypes were also revealed by the heatmap and network. Additionally, common buckwheat intervention regulated the mRNA expressions of genes responsible for liver lipid metabolism and BA homeostasis, thus promoting BA synthesis and excretion. These findings confirmed that common buckwheat has the outstanding ability of improving lipid metabolism and could be used as a potential functional food for the prevention of NAFLD and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Rui Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Cong Deng
- School of Ocean Science and Biochemistry Engineering, Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University, Fuqing, Fujian 350300, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Yi Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- College of Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University of International Studies and Trade, Fuzhou, Fujian 350202, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Jia Cao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Ping-Fan Rao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Li Ni
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Cong Lv
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
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Howard M, Barber J, Alizai N, Rostami-Hodjegan A. Dose adjustment in orphan disease populations: the quest to fulfill the requirements of physiologically based pharmacokinetics. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:1315-1330. [PMID: 30465453 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1546288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the media is engaged and fascinated by the idea of 'Precision Medicine', the nuances related to 'Precision Dosing' seem to be largely ignored. Assuming the 'right drug' is selected, clinicians still need to decide on the 'right dose' for individuals. Ideally, optimal dosing should be studied in clinical trials; however, many drugs on the market lack evidence-based dosing recommendations, and small groups of patients (orphan disease populations) are dependent on local guidance and clinician experience to determine drug dosage adjustments. Areas Covered: This report explores the current understanding of dosing adjustment in special populations and examines the requirements for developing 'in silico' models for pediatric, elderly and pregnant patients. The report also highlights current use of modeling to provide evidence-based recommendations for drug labeling in the absence of complete clinical trials in orphan disease populations. Expert Opinion: Physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) is an attractive prospect for determining the best drug dosage adjustments in special populations. However, it is not sufficient for individualized, or even stratified dosing, unless the systems (drug-independent) data required to build robust PBPK models are obtained. Such models are not a substitute for clinical trials, but they are an alternative to undocumented and inconsistent guesswork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn Howard
- a Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Jill Barber
- a Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Naved Alizai
- b Leeds General Infirmary , Leeds Children's Hospital , Leeds , UK
| | - Amin Rostami-Hodjegan
- a Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
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Takyar V, Nath A, Beri A, Gharib AM, Rotman Y. How healthy are the "Healthy volunteers"? Penetrance of NAFLD in the biomedical research volunteer pool. Hepatology 2017; 66:825-833. [PMID: 28470683 PMCID: PMC5570632 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Healthy volunteers are crucial for biomedical research. Inadvertent inclusion of subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as controls can compromise study validity and subject safety. Given the rising prevalence of NAFLD in the general population, we sought to identify its prevalence and potential impact in volunteers for clinical trials. We conducted a cross-sectional study of subjects who were classified as healthy volunteers between 2011 and 2015 and had no known liver disease. Subjects were classified as presumed NAFLD (pNF; alanine aminotransferase [ALT] level ≥ 20 for women or ≥ 31 for men and body mass index [BMI] > 25 kg/m2 ), healthy non-NAFLD controls (normal ALT and BMI), or indeterminate. A total of 3160 subjects participated as healthy volunteers in 149 clinical trials (1-29 trials per subject); 1732 of these subjects (55%) had a BMI > 25 kg/m2 and 1382 (44%) had abnormal ALT. pNF was present in 881 subjects (27.9%), and these subjects were older than healthy control subjects and had higher triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and HbA1c and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.001 for all). The 149 trials included 101 non-interventional, 33 interventional, and 15 vaccine trials. The impact on study validity of recruiting NAFLD subjects as controls was estimated as likely, probable, and unlikely in 10, 41, and 98 trials, respectively. The proportion of pNF subjects (28%-29%) did not differ by impact. Only 14% of trials used both BMI and ALT for screening. ALT cutoffs for screening were based on local reference values. Grade 3-4 ALT elevations during the study period were rare but more common in pNF subjects than in healthy control subjects (4 versus 1). CONCLUSION NAFLD is common and often overlooked in volunteers for clinical trials, despite its potential impact on subject safety and validity of study findings. Increased awareness of NAFLD prevalence and stricter ALT cutoffs may ameliorate this problem. (Hepatology 2017;66:825-833).
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Takyar
- Liver & Energy Metabolism Unit, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anand Nath
- Liver & Energy Metabolism Unit, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Department of Medicine, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrea Beri
- Laboratory for Informatics Development, Biomedical Translational Research Information System, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ahmed M. Gharib
- Biomedical and Metabolic Imaging Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yaron Rotman
- Liver & Energy Metabolism Unit, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Atilano-Roque A, Roda G, Fogueri U, Kiser JJ, Joy MS. Effect of Disease Pathologies on Transporter Expression and Function. J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 56 Suppl 7:S205-21. [PMID: 27385176 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transporters are important determinants of drug absorption, distribution, and excretion. The clinical relevance of drug transporters in drug disposition and toxicology depends on their localization in liver, kidney, and brain. There has been growing evidence regarding the importance of disease status on alterations in metabolizing enzymes and transporter proteins. This review focuses on uptake and efflux transporter proteins in liver, kidney, and brain and discusses mechanisms of altered transporter expression and function secondary to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandla Atilano-Roque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gavriel Roda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Uma Fogueri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer J Kiser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Melanie S Joy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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王 鹤, 孙 鹏, 刘 克. 肝脏转运体表达和功能的变化对肝疾病的影响. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:1427-1437. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i16.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
转运体是药物吸收、分布、代谢和排泄的重要决定因素, 在肝脏表达尤为广泛. 肝脏转运体可以摄取大多数内源性物质、营养物质和外源性物质进入肝脏, 在肝脏内经过一系列的代谢转化, 最终将其外排入胆汁, 并由胆汁排到肝外. 越来越多的证据表明, 肝脏疾病状态下转运体的表达和功能会发生改变, 影响药物在体内的处置过程, 进而增加药物相互作用的可能性, 同时加大了疾病药物治疗的难度. 本文从肝脏摄取型和外排型转运体两方面出发, 针对肝脏转运体表达和功能的变化对肝疾病的影响作一综述.
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Cheng Y, Freeden C, Zhang Y, Abraham P, Shen H, Wescott D, Humphreys WG, Gan J, Lai Y. Biliary excretion of pravastatin and taurocholate in rats with bile salt export pump (Bsep) impairment. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2017; 37:276-86. [PMID: 27059119 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The bile salt export pump (BSEP) is expressed on the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes regulating liver bile salt excretion, and impairment of BSEP function may lead to cholestasis in humans. This study explored drug biliary excretion, as well as serum chemistry, individual bile acid concentrations and liver transporter expressions, in the SAGE Bsep knockout (KO) rat model. It was observed that the Bsep protein in KO rats was decreased to 15% of that in the wild type (WT), as quantified using LC-MS/MS. While the levels of Ntcp and Mrp2 were not significantly altered, Mrp3 expression increased and Oatp1a1 decreased in KO animals. Compared with the WT rats, the KO rats had similar serum chemistry and showed normal liver transaminases. Although the total plasma bile salts and bile flow were not significantly changed in Bsep KO rats, individual bile acids in plasma and liver demonstrated variable changes, indicating the impact of Bsep KO. Following an intravenous dose of deuterium labeled taurocholic acid (D4-TCA, 2 mg/kg), the D4-TCA plasma exposure was higher and bile excretion was delayed by approximately 0.5 h in the KO rats. No differences were observed for the pravastatin plasma concentration-time profile or the biliary excretion after intravenous administration (1 mg/kg). Collectively, the results revealed that these rats have significantly lower Bsep expression, therefore affecting the biliary excretion of endogenous bile acids and Bsep substrates. However, these rats are able to maintain a relatively normal liver function through the remaining Bsep protein and via the regulation of other transporters. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Cheng
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Research and Development Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Chris Freeden
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Research and Development Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yueping Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Research and Development Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Pamela Abraham
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Research and Development Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Research and Development Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Debra Wescott
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Research and Development Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - W Griffith Humphreys
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Research and Development Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jinping Gan
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Research and Development Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yurong Lai
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Research and Development Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
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18
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Prasad B, Vrana M, Mehrotra A, Johnson K, Bhatt DK. The Promises of Quantitative Proteomics in Precision Medicine. J Pharm Sci 2016; 106:738-744. [PMID: 27939376 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine approach has a potential to ensure optimum efficacy and safety of drugs at individual patient level. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) models could play a significant role in precision medicine by predicting interindividual variability in drug disposition and response. In order to develop robust PBPK/PD models, it is imperative that the critical physiological parameters affecting drug disposition and response and their variability are precisely characterized. Currently used PBPK/PD modeling software, for example, Simcyp and Gastroplus, encompass information such as organ volumes, blood flows to organs, body fat composition, glomerular filtration rate, etc. However, the information on the interindividual variability of the majority of the proteins associated with PK and PD, for example, drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and receptors, are not fully incorporated into these PBPK modeling platforms. Such information is significant because the population factors such as age, genotype, disease, and gender can affect abundance or activity of these proteins. To fill this critical knowledge gap, mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics has emerged as an important technique to characterize interindividual variability in the protein abundance of drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and receptors. Integration of these quantitative proteomics data into in silico PBPK/PD modeling tools will be crucial toward precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, P.O. Box 357610, Washington 98195.
| | - Marc Vrana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, P.O. Box 357610, Washington 98195
| | - Aanchal Mehrotra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, P.O. Box 357610, Washington 98195
| | - Katherine Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, P.O. Box 357610, Washington 98195
| | - Deepak Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, P.O. Box 357610, Washington 98195
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Pozzo L, Vornoli A, Coppola I, Croce CMD, Giorgetti L, Gervasi PG, Longo V. Effect of HFD/STZ on expression of genes involved in lipid, cholesterol and glucose metabolism in rats. Life Sci 2016; 166:149-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Laho T, Clarke JD, Dzierlenga AL, Li H, Klein DM, Goedken M, Micuda S, Cherrington NJ. Effect of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis on renal filtration and secretion of adefovir. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 115:144-51. [PMID: 27381944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Adefovir, an acyclic nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat hepatitis B viral infection, is primarily eliminated renally through cooperation of glomerular filtration with active tubular transport. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a variable in drug disposition, yet the impact on renal transport processes has yet to be fully understood. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis on the pharmacokinetics of adefovir in rats given a control or methionine and choline deficient diet to induce nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. METHODS Animals received a bolus dose of 7mg/kg (35μCi/kg) [(3)H] adefovir with consequent measurement of plasma and urine concentrations. Inulin clearance was used to determine glomerular filtration rate. RESULTS Methionine and choline deficient diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis prolonged the elimination half-life of adefovir. This observation occurred in conjunction with reduced distribution volume and hepatic levels of adefovir. Notably, despite these changes, renal clearance and overall clearance were not changed, despite markedly reduced glomerular filtration rate in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Alteration of glomerular filtration rate was fully compensated for by a significant increase in tubular secretion of adefovir. Analysis of renal transporters confirmed transcriptional up-regulation of Mrp4, the major transporter for adefovir tubular secretion. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates changes to glomerular filtration and tubular secretion that alter pharmacokinetics of adefovir in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-induced changes in renal drug elimination processes could have major implications in variable drug response and the potential for toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Laho
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA; Charles University, Department of Pharmacology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - John D Clarke
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Anika L Dzierlenga
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hui Li
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David M Klein
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers University, Department of Translational Sciences Research Pathology Services, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Charles University, Department of Pharmacology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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21
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Chen H, Huang X, Min J, Li W, Zhang R, Zhao W, Liu C, Yi L, Mi S, Wang N, Wang Q, Zhu C. Geniposidic acid protected against ANIT-induced hepatotoxity and acute intrahepatic cholestasis, due to Fxr-mediated regulation of Bsep and Mrp2. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:197-207. [PMID: 26723467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Geniposidic acid (GPA) is the main constituent of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Rubiaceae), which has long been used to treat inflammation, jaundice and hepatic disorders. The cholagogic effect of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Rubiaceae) and GPA have been widely reported, but the underlying occurrence mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This investigation was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotection effect and potential mechanisms of GPA derived from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Rubiaceae) on fighting against α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) caused liver injury with acute intrahepatic cholestasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were intragastrically (i.g.) administered with the GPA (100, 50 and 25mg/kg B.W. every 24h) for seven consecutive days, and then they were treated with ANIT (i.g. 65mg/kg once in the 5th day) which induced liver injury with acute intrahepatic cholestasis. Serum and bile biochemical analysis, bile flow rate and liver histopathology were measured to evaluate the protective effect of GPA fight against ANIT treatment. The protein and mRNA expression levels of farnesoid X receptor (Fxr), bile-salt export pump (Bsep), multidrug resistance associated protein2 (Mrp2), were evaluated to study the effect of liver protection about GPA against ANIT induced hepatotoxicity and underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Some abnormalities were observed on ANIT treated rats including weight loss, reduced food intake and hair turned yellow. Obtained results demonstrated that at dose 100 and 50mg/kg B.W. (P<0.01) and 25mg/kg B.W. (P<0.05) of GPA pretreated dramatically prevented ANIT induced decreased in bile flow rate. Compared with ANIT treated group, the results of bile biochemical parameters about total bile acid (TBA) was increased by GPA at groups with any dose (P<0.01), glutathione (GSH) was increased significantly at high dose (P<0.01) and medium dose (P<0.05), total bilirubin (TB) was increased at high and medium dose (P<0.05), direct bilirubin (DB) was only increased at high dose (P<0.01). Serum levels of glutamic-Oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GT), TB, DB and TBA in comparison with ANIT treated group (P<0.01) were reduced by GPA (between 100 and 50mg/kg B.W.) pretreatment. Histopathology of the liver tissue showed that pathological damages and hepatic portal area filled with bile were relieved after GPA pretreatment compared with ANIT treated group. The protein and mRNA expression of Fxr, Bsep and Mrp2 were decreased in ANIT treated group. On the contrary, the protein and mRNA of Fxr, Bsep and Mrp2 were up regulated significantly pretreatment by GPA at dose of high and medium groups. On protein level of Bsep and Mrp2 the result shown no statistical difference in GPA (25mg/kg B.W.), but it was not same shown in mRNA level. CONCLUSION The results of this investigation have demonstrated that the GPA exerts a dose dependent hepatoprotection effect on ANIT induced liver damage with acute intrahepatic cholestasis in rats, which may due to Fxr mediated regulation of bile transporters like Bsep and Mrp2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xiaotao Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jianbin Min
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Weirong Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Changhui Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Lang Yi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Suiqing Mi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ningsheng Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, PR China
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Zhu PL, Pan SY, Zhou SF, Zhang Y, Wang XY, Sun N, Chu ZS, Yu ZL, Ko KM. Effects of combined dietary supplementation with fenofibrate and Schisandrae Fructus pulp on lipid and glucose levels and liver function in normal and hypercholesterolemic mice. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:923-35. [PMID: 25733812 PMCID: PMC4338776 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s73544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Currently, combined therapy using herbs and synthetic drugs has become a feasible therapeutic intervention against some diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of supplementation with fenofibrate (FF), a chemical drug used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, and the aqueous extract of Schisandrae Fructus (SF, a Chinese herb) pulp (AqSF-P) or an SF-related synthetic analog, bicyclol (BY), on serum/hepatic lipid levels and liver status in normal and hypercholesterolemic (HCL) mice. Methods Male mice obtained from the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) were fed on a normal diet (ND) or high cholesterol/bile salt (0.5%/0.15%, w/w) diet (HCBD) containing FF (0.03% or 0.1%, w/w) with or without AqSF-P (0.3%−9.0%, based on crude herbal material, w/w) or BY (0.025%, w/w) for 10 days. Then serum lipid levels and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, as well as hepatic triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and glucose levels, were measured. Results Oral supplementation with FF significantly reduced serum and hepatic TG, TC, and hepatic glucose levels (approximately 79%) in mice fed with ND or HCBD. FF supplementation combined with AqSF-P or BY increased FF-induced reduction in hepatic TC and TG contents in ND-fed mice (up to 67%) and in HCBD-fed mice (up to 54%), when compared with FF supplementation alone. Hepatic glucose-lowering effect of FF was enhanced (up to 19%) by AqSF-P cosupplementation in both normal and HCL mice. FF supplementation enhanced the excretion of fecal TC (by 75%) in mice fed with HCBD. Fecal TC contents were increased by 14%/9% in the combination therapy with FF and AqSF-P in ND-/HCBD-fed mice. Serum ALT activity was elevated by 45% in HCBD-fed mice. FF caused a significant increase in ALT activity by 198% and 120% in normal and HCL mice, respectively. BY markedly attenuated the ALT activity by 54% in mice fed with ND supplemented with 0.1% FF and by 42% in mice fed with HCBD supplemented with 0.03% FF. Conclusion AqSF-P cosupplementation augmented the hepatic lipid-/glucose-lowering effects of FF. BY ameliorated FF-induced liver injury in normal and HCL mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Li Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Sheng Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kam-Ming Ko
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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