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Na-Bangchang K, Teerachaisakul M, Muhamad P, Kasemnitichok Y, Sangnarong N, Boonprasert K, Tarasuk M, Plengsuriyakarn T. Antiproliferative and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Deprungsith Formulation and Its Bioactive Compounds Against Mild Psoriasis and Potential of Metabolic Herb-Drug Interactions. J Evid Based Integr Med 2023; 28:2515690X231191101. [PMID: 37553989 PMCID: PMC10413907 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x231191101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an incurable, chronic and auto-immune skin disorder with a global prevalence rate of approximately 2-3%. The study investigated the antipsoriasis activities of Deprungsith formulation and its bioactive components and their potential for inhibitory activities on human cytochrome P450 (CYP450). HaCaT and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers (n = 9) and psoriasis patients (n = 10) were exposed to Deprungsith formulation (Thai traditional medicine for psoriasis consisting of 16 plants), ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC), ligustilide and cyclosporin for 24 and 48 h. The antiproliferative, cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest activities were evaluated using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression levels were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The CYP450 inhibitory effect was investigated using a bioluminescent-based CYP450 assay. Deprungsith formulation and the bioactive compounds inhibited HaCaT cells and PBMCs with weak to moderate potencies. EPMC and ligustilide combination produced an additive effect. Most substances arrested cell transition at sub-G1 and S phases, leading to early and late apoptosis induction. With prolonged exposure (48 h), all test substances decreased PBMCs necrosis. The mRNA expression of all pro-inflammatory cytokines was downregulated. Deprungsith formulation, EPMC, ligustilide and ferulic acid inhibited CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 activities with weak to moderate potencies. Deprungsith formulation and bioactive components induced cell apoptosis by inhibiting cell transition at specific cell cycle phases, which was correlated with the mRNA downregulation of interleukin (IL-6, IL-12p19, IL-23) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). There is a low risk of potential adverse drug reactions and toxicity due to CYP450 interaction when Deprungsith formulation is concurrently administered with modern medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Monthaka Teerachaisakul
- Department of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Phunuch Muhamad
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Yositha Kasemnitichok
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Nattida Sangnarong
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Boonprasert
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Mayuri Tarasuk
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
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2
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Aguinaga Martínez MV, Jozičová N, Dušek J, Horstkotte B, Pávek P, Miró M, Sklenářová H. Real-time monitoring of Metridia luciferase release from cells upon interaction with model toxic substances by a fully automatic flow setup - A proof of concept. Talanta 2022; 245:123465. [PMID: 35427949 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript reports on a fully automatic sequential injection system incorporating a 3D printed module for real-time monitoring of the release of Metridia luciferase from a modified liver epithelial cell line. To this end, a simple and effective approach for the automation of flash-type chemiluminescence assays was developed. The 3D printed module comprised an apical and a basal compartment that enabled monitoring membrane processes on both sides of the cell monolayer aimed at elucidating the direction of luciferase release. A natural release was observed after transfection with the luciferase plasmid by online measurement of the elicited light from the reaction of the synthesized luciferase with the coelenterazine substrate. Model substances for acute toxicity from the group of cholic acids - chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids - were applied at the 1.0 and 0.5 mmol L-1 levels. The tested cholic acids caused changes in cell membrane permeability that was accompanied by an increased luciferase release. The obtained kinetic profiles were evaluated based on the delay between the addition of the toxic substance and the increase of the chemiluminescence signal. All experiments were carried out in a fully automatic system in ca. 5 min per sample in 30 min intervals and no manual interventions were needed for a sampling period of at least 6 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite V Aguinaga Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Av. Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Natali Jozičová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dušek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Burkhard Horstkotte
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pávek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Manuel Miró
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Hana Sklenářová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Characterization of fluorescent probe substrates to develop an efficient high-throughput assay for neonatal hepatic CYP3A7 inhibition screening. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19443. [PMID: 34593846 PMCID: PMC8484451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP3A7 is a member of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A enzyme sub-family that is expressed in the fetus and neonate. In addition to its role metabolizing retinoic acid and the endogenous steroid dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), it also has a critical function in drug metabolism and disposition during the first few weeks of life. Despite this, it is generally ignored in the preclinical testing of new drug candidates. This increases the risk for drug-drug interactions (DDI) and toxicities occurring in the neonate. Therefore, screening drug candidates for CYP3A7 inhibition is essential to identify chemical entities with potential toxicity risks for neonates. Currently, there is no efficient high-throughput screening (HTS) assay to assess CYP3A7 inhibition. Here, we report our testing of various fluorescent probes to assess CYP3A7 activity in a high-throughput manner. We determined that the fluorescent compound dibenzylfluorescein (DBF) is superior to other compounds in meeting the criteria considered for an efficient HTS assay. Furthermore, a preliminary screen of an HIV/HCV antiviral drug mini-library demonstrated the utility of DBF in a HTS assay system. We anticipate that this tool will be of great benefit in screening drugs that may be used in the neonatal population in the future.
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Calabretta MM, Montali L, Lopreside A, Michelini E, Roda A. High-Throughput Bioluminescence Imaging and Reporter Gene Assay with 3D Spheroids from Human Cell Lines. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2081:3-14. [PMID: 31721114 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9940-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
3D cell culture models represent an attractive approach to decode intracellular and intercellular signaling, providing biologically relevant information and predictive data. Bioluminescent reporter gene assays and bioluminescence imaging in 3D cell models are very promising bioanalytical tools for several applications.Here we report a very straightforward method for bioluminescence imaging and bioluminescent reporter gene assays in 3D cell-culture models. Both the assays can be easily implemented in laboratories equipped with basic cell culture facilities and instrumentation for bioluminescence detection, that is, low-light detectors connected to inverted microscopes and luminometers, without the need for additional equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Montali
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonia Lopreside
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Michelini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,INBB, Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy. .,Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Aldo Roda
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,INBB, Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy
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Ortega Ugalde S, Ma D, Cali JJ, Commandeur JNM. Evaluation of Luminogenic Substrates as Probe Substrates for Bacterial Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: Application to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 24:745-754. [PMID: 31208248 PMCID: PMC6651611 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219853220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) encoded in the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are considered potential new drug targets due to the essential roles they play in bacterial viability and in the establishment of chronic intracellular infection. Identification of inhibitors of Mtb CYPs at present is conducted by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) optical titration experiments or by metabolism studies using endogenous substrates, such as cholesterol and lanosterol. The first technique requires high enzyme concentrations and volumes, while analysis of steroid hydroxylation is dependent on low-throughput analytical methods. Luciferin-based luminogenic substrates have proven to be very sensitive substrates for the high-throughput profiling of inhibitors of human CYPs. In the present study, 17 pro-luciferins were evaluated as substrates for Mtb CYP121A1, CYP124A1, CYP125A1, CYP130A1, and CYP142A1. Luciferin-BE was identified as an excellent probe substrate for CYP130A1, resulting in a high luminescence yield after addition of luciferase and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Its applicability for high-throughput screening was supported by a high Z'-factor and high signal-to-background ratio. Using this substrate, the inhibitory properties of a selection of known inhibitors could be characterized using significantly less protein concentration when compared to UV-vis optical titration experiments. Although several luminogenic substrates were also identified for CYP121A1, CYP124A1, CYP125A1, and CYP142A1, their relatively low yield of luminescence and low signal-to-background ratios make them less suitable for high-throughput screening since high enzyme concentrations will be needed. Further structural optimization of luminogenic substrates will be necessary to obtain more sensitive probe substrates for these Mtb CYPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ortega Ugalde
- 1 AIMMS-Division of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, North-Holland, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jan N M Commandeur
- 1 AIMMS-Division of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, North-Holland, The Netherlands
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6
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Baragaña B, Forte B, Choi R, Nakazawa Hewitt S, Bueren-Calabuig JA, Pisco JP, Peet C, Dranow DM, Robinson DA, Jansen C, Norcross NR, Vinayak S, Anderson M, Brooks CF, Cooper CA, Damerow S, Delves M, Dowers K, Duffy J, Edwards TE, Hallyburton I, Horst BG, Hulverson MA, Ferguson L, Jiménez-Díaz MB, Jumani RS, Lorimer DD, Love MS, Maher S, Matthews H, McNamara CW, Miller P, O'Neill S, Ojo KK, Osuna-Cabello M, Pinto E, Post J, Riley J, Rottmann M, Sanz LM, Scullion P, Sharma A, Shepherd SM, Shishikura Y, Simeons FRC, Stebbins EE, Stojanovski L, Straschil U, Tamaki FK, Tamjar J, Torrie LS, Vantaux A, Witkowski B, Wittlin S, Yogavel M, Zuccotto F, Angulo-Barturen I, Sinden R, Baum J, Gamo FJ, Mäser P, Kyle DE, Winzeler EA, Myler PJ, Wyatt PG, Floyd D, Matthews D, Sharma A, Striepen B, Huston CD, Gray DW, Fairlamb AH, Pisliakov AV, Walpole C, Read KD, Van Voorhis WC, Gilbert IH. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase as a drug target in malaria and cryptosporidiosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:7015-7020. [PMID: 30894487 PMCID: PMC6452685 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814685116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria and cryptosporidiosis, caused by apicomplexan parasites, remain major drivers of global child mortality. New drugs for the treatment of malaria and cryptosporidiosis, in particular, are of high priority; however, there are few chemically validated targets. The natural product cladosporin is active against blood- and liver-stage Plasmodium falciparum and Cryptosporidium parvum in cell-culture studies. Target deconvolution in P. falciparum has shown that cladosporin inhibits lysyl-tRNA synthetase (PfKRS1). Here, we report the identification of a series of selective inhibitors of apicomplexan KRSs. Following a biochemical screen, a small-molecule hit was identified and then optimized by using a structure-based approach, supported by structures of both PfKRS1 and C. parvum KRS (CpKRS). In vivo proof of concept was established in an SCID mouse model of malaria, after oral administration (ED90 = 1.5 mg/kg, once a day for 4 d). Furthermore, we successfully identified an opportunity for pathogen hopping based on the structural homology between PfKRS1 and CpKRS. This series of compounds inhibit CpKRS and C. parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis in culture, and our lead compound shows oral efficacy in two cryptosporidiosis mouse models. X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics simulations have provided a model to rationalize the selectivity of our compounds for PfKRS1 and CpKRS vs. (human) HsKRS. Our work validates apicomplexan KRSs as promising targets for the development of drugs for malaria and cryptosporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Baragaña
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Forte
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Choi
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, WA 98109
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Stephen Nakazawa Hewitt
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, WA 98109
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Juan A Bueren-Calabuig
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - João Pedro Pisco
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Peet
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - David M Dranow
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, WA 98109
- Beryllium Discovery Corp., Bainbridge Island, WA 98110
| | - David A Robinson
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Chimed Jansen
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Neil R Norcross
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sumiti Vinayak
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Mark Anderson
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie F Brooks
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Caitlin A Cooper
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Sebastian Damerow
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Delves
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, South Kensington, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Dowers
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - James Duffy
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Thomas E Edwards
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, WA 98109
- Beryllium Discovery Corp., Bainbridge Island, WA 98110
| | - Irene Hallyburton
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin G Horst
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, WA 98109
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Matthew A Hulverson
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Liam Ferguson
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rajiv S Jumani
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Donald D Lorimer
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, WA 98109
- Beryllium Discovery Corp., Bainbridge Island, WA 98110
| | - Melissa S Love
- Biology Department, Calibr at Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Steven Maher
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Holly Matthews
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, South Kensington, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Case W McNamara
- Biology Department, Calibr at Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Peter Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Sandra O'Neill
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Kayode K Ojo
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Maria Osuna-Cabello
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Pinto
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - John Post
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Riley
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Rottmann
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Universität Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura M Sanz
- Diseases of the Developing World, Global Health, GlaxoSmithKline, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Scullion
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Arvind Sharma
- Structural Parasitology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 110067 New Delhi, India
| | - Sharon M Shepherd
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Yoko Shishikura
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick R C Simeons
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Erin E Stebbins
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Laste Stojanovski
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ursula Straschil
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, South Kensington, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio K Tamaki
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jevgenia Tamjar
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Leah S Torrie
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Amélie Vantaux
- Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, 12 201 Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Benoît Witkowski
- Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, 12 201 Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Universität Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manickam Yogavel
- Structural Parasitology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 110067 New Delhi, India
| | - Fabio Zuccotto
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert Sinden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, South Kensington, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Baum
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, South Kensington, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco-Javier Gamo
- Diseases of the Developing World, Global Health, GlaxoSmithKline, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Universität Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dennis E Kyle
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Elizabeth A Winzeler
- Skaggs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Peter J Myler
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, WA 98109
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Paul G Wyatt
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - David Floyd
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - David Matthews
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Amit Sharma
- Structural Parasitology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 110067 New Delhi, India
| | - Boris Striepen
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - David W Gray
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Alan H Fairlamb
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei V Pisliakov
- Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
- Physics, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Walpole
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Kevin D Read
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Wesley C Van Voorhis
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, WA 98109
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Ian H Gilbert
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH Dundee, United Kingdom;
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7
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Shen H, Yao Z, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Yao C, Tong C. miR-21 enhances the protective effect of loperamide on rat cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation, reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis via regulating Akap8 and Bard1 expression. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:1312-1320. [PMID: 30680008 PMCID: PMC6327625 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective therapies to reduce ischemia/reperfusion and hypoxia/reoxygenation injury are currently lacking. Furthermore, the effects of loperamide and microRNA (miR)-21 on hypoxia/reoxygenation injury of cardiomyocytes have remained to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of loperamide and miR-21 on cardiomyocytes during hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes were pre-treated with loperamide prior to hypoxia/reoxygenation. The viability of H9c2 cells was measured with a cell counting kit 8 and apoptosis was detected with an Annexin V-phycoerythrin/7-aminoactinomycin D apoptosis kit. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species were detected with a specific kit. Genes regulated by miR-21 were screened with an mRNA chip and confirmed using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The direct targeting relationship of miR-21 with certain mRNAs was then confirmed using a Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay system. The results indicated that the apoptotic rate and reactive oxygen species levels in rat cardiomyocytes were markedly increased after hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment. Pre-treatment with loperamide significantly protected H9c2 cells against apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production after hypoxia/reoxygenation. The protection was markedly decreased by miR-21 inhibitor and enhanced by miR-21 mimics. Screening for genes associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis revealed that the relative expression of A-kinase anchoring protein 8 (Akap8) and BRCA1 associated RING domain 1 (Bard1) was consistent with the experimental results on apoptosis and reactive oxygen species. Compared with the group treated by hypoxia/reoxygenation alone, pre-treatment with loperamide markedly decreased the expression of BRCA1-interacting protein C-terminal helicase 1, Akap8 and Bard1 after hypoxia/reoxygenation. The decrease in the expression of Akap8 and Bard1 was markedly attenuated by miR-21 inhibitor and enhanced by miR-21 mimics. miR-21 mimics directly targeted the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of Akap8 and Bard1 mRNA to thereby decrease their expression. In conclusion, the protection of rat cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production by loperamide was markedly enhanced by miR-21. miR-21 directly targets the 3′-UTR of Akap8 and Bard1 mRNA and enhances the inhibitory effects of loperamide on Akap8 and Bard1 expression in rat cardiomyocytes after hypoxia/reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Weipeng Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chenling Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyang Tong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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8
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Cevenini L, Calabretta MM, Calabria D, Roda A, Michelini E. Luciferase Genes as Reporter Reactions: How to Use Them in Molecular Biology? ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 154:3-17. [PMID: 25898810 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
: The latest advances in molecular biology have made available several biotechnological tools that take advantage of the high detectability and quantum efficiency of bioluminescence (BL), with an ever-increasing number of novel applications in environmental, pharmaceutical, food, and forensic fields. Indeed, BL proteins are being used to develop ultrasensitive binding assays and cell-based assays, thanks to their high detectability and to the availability of highly sensitive BL instruments. The appealing aspect of molecular biology tools relying on BL reactions is their general applicability in both in vitro assays, such as cell cultures or purified proteins, and in vivo settings, such as in whole-animal BL imaging. The aim of this chapter is to provide the reader with an overview of state-of-the-art bioluminescent tools based on luciferase genes, highlighting molecular biology strategies that have been applied so far, together with some selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cevenini
- Dept. of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - M M Calabretta
- Dept. of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Calabria
- Dept. of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Roda
- Dept. of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Michelini
- Dept. of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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9
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Kaskova ZM, Tsarkova AS, Yampolsky IV. 1001 lights: luciferins, luciferases, their mechanisms of action and applications in chemical analysis, biology and medicine. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 45:6048-6077. [PMID: 27711774 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00296j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence (BL) is a spectacular phenomenon involving light emission by live organisms. It is caused by the oxidation of a small organic molecule, luciferin, with molecular oxygen, which is catalysed by the enzyme luciferase. In nature, there are approximately 30 different BL systems, of which only 9 have been studied to various degrees in terms of their reaction mechanisms. A vast range of in vitro and in vivo analytical techniques have been developed based on BL, including tests for different analytes, immunoassays, gene expression assays, drug screening, bioimaging of live organisms, cancer studies, the investigation of infectious diseases and environmental monitoring. This review aims to cover the major existing applications for bioluminescence in the context of the diversity of luciferases and their substrates, luciferins. Particularly, the properties and applications of d-luciferin, coelenterazine, bacterial, Cypridina and dinoflagellate luciferins and their analogues along with their corresponding luciferases are described. Finally, four other rarely studied bioluminescent systems (those of limpet Latia, earthworms Diplocardia and Fridericia and higher fungi), which are promising for future use, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinaida M Kaskova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia. and Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Aleksandra S Tsarkova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia. and Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Ilia V Yampolsky
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia. and Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
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Becker JP, Clemens JR, Theile D, Weiss J. Bortezomib and ixazomib protect firefly luciferase from degradation and can flaw respective reporter gene assays. Anal Biochem 2016; 509:124-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Kim YH, Bae YJ, Kim HS, Cha HJ, Yun JS, Shin JS, Seong WK, Lee YM, Han KM. Measurement of Human Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Induction Based on Mesalazine and Mosapride Citrate Treatments Using a Luminescent Assay. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:486-92. [PMID: 26336590 PMCID: PMC4556210 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug metabolism mostly occurs in the liver. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a drug-metabolizing enzyme that is responsible for many important drug metabolism reactions. Recently, the US FDA and EU EMA have suggested that CYP enzyme induction can be measured by both enzymatic activity and mRNA expression. However, these experiments are time-consuming and their inter-assay variability can lead to misinterpretations of the results. To resolve these problems and establish a more powerful method to measure CYP induction, we determined CYP induction by using luminescent assay. Luminescent CYP assays link CYP enzyme activity to firefly luciferase luminescence technology. In this study, we measured the induction of CYP isozymes (1A2, 2B6, 2C9, and 3A4) in cryopreserved human hepatocytes (HMC424, 478, and 493) using a luminometer. We then examined the potential induction abilities (unknown so far) of mesalazine, a drug for colitis, and mosapride citrate, which is used as an antispasmodic drug. The results showed that mesalazine promotes CYP2B6 and 3A4 activities, while mosapride citrate promotes CYP1A2, 2B6, and 3A4 activities. Luminescent CYP assays offer rapid and safe advantages over LC-MS/MS and qRT-PCR methods. Furthermore, luminescent CYP assays decrease the interference between the optical properties of the test compound and the CYP substrates. Therefore, luminescent CYP assays are less labor intensive, rapid, and can be used as robust tools for high-throughput CYP screening during early drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoon Kim
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug safety, Cheongju 363-700
| | - Young-Ji Bae
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug safety, Cheongju 363-700
| | - Hyung Soo Kim
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug safety, Cheongju 363-700
| | - Hey-Jin Cha
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug safety, Cheongju 363-700
| | - Jae-Suk Yun
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug safety, Cheongju 363-700
| | - Ji-Soon Shin
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug safety, Cheongju 363-700
| | - Won-Keun Seong
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug safety, Cheongju 363-700
| | - Yong-Moon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Moon Han
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug safety, Cheongju 363-700 ; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
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12
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Mann A, Semenenko I, Meir M, Eyal S. Molecular Imaging of Membrane Transporters' Activity in Cancer: a Picture is Worth a Thousand Tubes. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 17:788-801. [PMID: 25823669 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging allows the non-invasive assessment of membrane transporter expression and function in living subjects. Such technologies have the potential to become diagnostic and prognostic tools, allowing detection, localization, and prediction of response of tumors and their metastases to therapy. Beyond tumors, imaging can also help understand the role of transporters in adverse drug effects and drug clearance. Here, we review molecular imaging technologies that monitor transporter-mediated processes. We emphasize emerging probe substrates and potential clinical applications of imaging the function of membrane transporters in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniv Mann
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Room 613, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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13
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Ramji R, Cheong CF, Hirata H, Rahman ARA, Lim CT. Rapid quantification of live cell receptors using bioluminescence in a flow-based microfluidic device. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:943-951. [PMID: 25336403 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The number of receptors expressed by cells plays an important role in controlling cell signaling events, thus determining its behaviour, state and fate. Current methods of quantifying receptors on cells are either laborious or do not maintain the cells in their native form. Here, a method integrating highly sensitive bioluminescence, high precision microfluidics and small footprint of lensfree optics is developed to quantify cell surface receptors. This method is safe to use, less laborious, and faster than the conventional radiolabelling and near field scanning methods. It is also more sensitive than fluorescence based assays and is ideal for high throughput screening. In quantifying β(1) adrenergic receptors expressed on the surface of H9c2 cardiomyocytes, this method yields receptor numbers from 3.12 × 10(5) to 9.36 × 10(5) receptors/cell which are comparable with current methods. This can serve as a very good platform for rapid quantification of receptor numbers in ligand/drug binding and receptor characterization studies, which is an important part of pharmaceutical and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Ramji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA, #03-12, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575
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14
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Full-quantum chemical calculations of the absorption maxima of oxyluciferin in the catalytic center of firefly luciferase containing adenosine monophosphate. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Walls ZF, Gupta SV, Amidon GL, Lee KD. Synthesis and characterization of valyloxy methoxy luciferin for the detection of valacyclovirase and peptide transporter. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4781-4783. [PMID: 25240255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An amino acid ester derivative of luciferin (valoluc) was synthesized to mimic the transport and activation of valacyclovir. This molecule was characterized in vitro for specificity and enzymatic constants, and then assayed in two different, physiologically-relevant conditions. It was demonstrated that valoluc activation is sensitive to the same cellular factors as valacyclovir and thus has the potential to elucidate the dynamics of amino acid ester prodrug therapies in a functional, high-throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary F Walls
- Center for Molecular Drug Targeting (CMDT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Sheeba Varghese Gupta
- Center for Molecular Drug Targeting (CMDT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- Center for Molecular Drug Targeting (CMDT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Kyung-Dall Lee
- Center for Molecular Drug Targeting (CMDT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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16
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Michelini E, Cevenini L, Calabretta MM, Calabria D, Roda A. Exploiting in vitro and in vivo bioluminescence for the implementation of the three Rs principle (replacement, reduction, and refinement) in drug discovery. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5531-9. [PMID: 24908412 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence-based analytical tools are suitable for high-throughput and high-content screening assays, finding widespread application in several fields related to the drug discovery process. Cell-based bioluminescence assays, because of their peculiar advantages of predictability, possibility of automation, multiplexing, and miniaturization, seem the most appealing tool for the high demands of the early stages of drug screening. Reporter gene technology and the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer principle are widely used, and receptor binding studies of new agonists/antagonists for a variety of human receptors expressed in different cell lines can be performed. Moreover, bioluminescence can be used for in vitro and in vivo real-time monitoring of pathophysiological processes within living cells and small animals. New luciferases and substrates have recently arrived on the market, further expanding the spectrum of applications. A new generation of probes are also emerging that promise to revolutionize the preclinical imaging market. This formidable toolbox is demonstrated to facilitate the implementation of the three Rs principle in the early drug discovery process, in compliance with ethical and responsible research to reduce cost and improve the reliability and predictability of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Michelini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy,
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17
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Acerinol, a cyclolanstane triterpenoid from Cimicifuga acerina, reverses ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance in HepG2/ADM and MCF-7/ADR cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 733:34-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Pasko P, Bukowska-Strakova K, Gdula-Argasinska J, Tyszka-Czochara M. Rutabaga (Brassica napus L. var. napobrassica) seeds, roots, and sprouts: a novel kind of food with antioxidant properties and proapoptotic potential in Hep G2 hepatoma cell line. J Med Food 2014; 16:749-59. [PMID: 23957358 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rutabaga (Brassica napus L. var. napobrassica) is a popular crop, especially in North Europe and North America, its sprouts are a new kind of vegetable. Rutabaga roots, and particularly sprouts, have not been investigated so far for antioxidant and anticancer effect on human tumor cells (Hep G2). Therefore, in vitro tests were conducted to find out whether rutabaga seeds, roots, and sprouts exert a cytotoxic effect on mammalian cells and combine them with other biological properties of particular parts of the plant. Rutabaga methanol extracts were measured for total phenolic, total flavonoid concentrations, and total antioxidant activity. Cytotoxicity of the investigated extracts was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) and Hep G2 cells culture. Cell membrane integrity was assessed in CHO-K1 and Hep G2 cells by luminescence ToxiLight BioAssay. The results of the investigation have shown that sprouts have significantly higher antioxidant activity than seeds and roots, which may result from different contents of polyphenols. Rutabaga extracts (especially 8 day sprouts) inhibited the tumor cell line Hep G2 proliferation and had a slight effect on the normal mammalian CHO-K1 culture. An advanced analysis of previously observed morphological changes and cytotoxic properties demonstrated that the evaluated extracts exerted cell death via apoptosis. These findings strongly suggest that one of the biological activities of rutabaga is antiproliferative and proapoptotic potential specific to tumor cells. The obtained results demonstrate the antioxidant property of rutabaga and its potential as a nutritional supplement in cancer prevention. These findings also strongly advocate the application of rutabaga sprouts (especially harvested in conditions presented in this article) in functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Pasko
- Department of Food Chemistry & Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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19
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Evans MK, Tovmasyan A, Batinic-Haberle I, Devi GR. Mn porphyrin in combination with ascorbate acts as a pro-oxidant and mediates caspase-independent cancer cell death. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 68:302-14. [PMID: 24334253 PMCID: PMC4404036 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to therapy-mediated apoptosis in inflammatory breast cancer, an aggressive and distinct subtype of breast cancer, was recently attributed to increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression, glutathione (GSH) content, and decreased accumulation of reactive species. In this study, we demonstrate the unique ability of two Mn(III) N-substituted pyridylporphyrin (MnP)-based SOD mimics (MnTE-2-PyP(5+) and MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+)) to catalyze oxidation of ascorbate, leading to the production of excessive levels of peroxide, and in turn cell death. The accumulation of peroxide, as a consequence of MnP+ascorbate treatment, was fully reversed by the administration of exogenous catalase, showing that hydrogen peroxide is essential for cell death. Cell death as a consequence of the action of MnP+ascorbate corresponded to decreases in GSH levels, prosurvival signaling (p-NF-κB, p-ERK1/2), and in expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, the most potent caspase inhibitor. Although markers of classical apoptosis were observed, including PARP cleavage and annexin V staining, administration of a pan-caspase inhibitor, Q-VD-OPh, did not reverse the observed cytotoxicity. MnP+ascorbate-treated cells showed nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor, suggesting the possibility of a mechanism of caspase-independent cell death. Pharmacological ascorbate has already shown promise in recently completed phase I clinical trials, in which its oxidation and subsequent peroxide formation was catalyzed by endogenous metalloproteins. The catalysis of ascorbate oxidation by an optimized metal-based catalyst (such as MnP) carries a large therapeutic potential as an anticancer agent by itself or in combination with other modalities such as radio- and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myron K Evans
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Gayathri R Devi
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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20
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Yang C, Li Q, Li Y. Targeting nuclear receptors with marine natural products. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:601-35. [PMID: 24473166 PMCID: PMC3944506 DOI: 10.3390/md12020601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are important pharmaceutical targets because they are key regulators of many metabolic and inflammatory diseases, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, cirrhosis, and fibrosis. As ligands play a pivotal role in modulating nuclear receptor activity, the discovery of novel ligands for nuclear receptors represents an interesting and promising therapeutic approach. The search for novel NR agonists and antagonists with enhanced selectivities prompted the exploration of the extraordinary chemical diversity associated with natural products. Recent studies involving nuclear receptors have disclosed a number of natural products as nuclear receptor ligands, serving to re-emphasize the translational possibilities of natural products in drug discovery. In this review, the natural ligands of nuclear receptors will be described with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action and their therapeutic potentials, as well as on strategies to determine potential marine natural products as nuclear receptor modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center of Cell Biology Research, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Qianrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center of Cell Biology Research, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center of Cell Biology Research, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Mügge C, Liu R, Görls H, Gabbiani C, Michelucci E, Rüdiger N, Clement JH, Messori L, Weigand W. Novel platinum(ii) compounds with O,S bidentate ligands: synthesis, characterization, antiproliferative properties and biomolecular interactions. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:3072-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52284a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Niles AL, Moravec RA, Riss TL. Update on in vitro cytotoxicity assays for drug development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 3:655-69. [PMID: 23506147 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.6.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND in vitro cytotoxicity testing provides a crucial means of ranking compounds for consideration in drug discovery. The choice of using a particular viability or cytotoxicity assay technology may be influenced by specific research goals. OBJECTIVE Although the high-throughput screening (HTS) utility is typically dependent upon sensitivity and scalability, it is also impacted by signal robustness and resiliency to assay interferences. Further consideration should be given to data quality, ease-of-use, reagent stability, and matters of cost-effectiveness. METHODS Here we focus on three main classes of assays that are at present the most popular, useful, and practical for HTS drug discovery efforts. These methods measure: i) viability by metabolism reductase activities; ii) viability by bioluminescent ATP assays; or iii) cytotoxicity by enzymes 'released' into culture medium. Multi-parametric technologies are also briefly discussed. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Each of these methods has its relative merits and detractions; however multi-parametric methods using both viability and cytotoxicity markers may mitigate the inherent shortcomings of single parameter measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Niles
- Senior Research Scientist Promega Corporation, Research and Development, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin, 53711, USA +1 608 247 4330, ext. 1447 ; +1 608 298 4818 ;
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Arrabito G, Galati C, Castellano S, Pignataro B. Luminometric sub-nanoliter droplet-to-droplet array (LUMDA) and its application to drug screening by phase I metabolism enzymes. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:68-72. [PMID: 23132304 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40948h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we show the fabrication of the Luminometric Sub-nanoliter Droplet-to-droplet Array (LUMDA chip) by inkjet printing. The chip is easy to be implemented and allows for a multiplexed multi-step biochemical assay in sub-nanoliter liquid spots. This concept is here applied to the integral membrane enzyme CYP3A4, i.e. the most relevant enzymatic target for phase I drug metabolism, and to some structurally-related inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Arrabito
- Scuola Superiore di Catania, Via Valdisavoia, 9 95123 Catania, Italy
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24
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Cali JJ, Ma D, Wood MG, Meisenheimer PL, Klaubert DH. Bioluminescent assays for ADME evaluation: dialing in CYP selectivity with luminogenic substrates. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:1115-30. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.695345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Keyaerts M, Remory I, Caveliers V, Breckpot K, Bos TJ, Poelaert J, Bossuyt A, Lahoutte T. Inhibition of firefly luciferase by general anesthetics: effect on in vitro and in vivo bioluminescence imaging. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30061. [PMID: 22253879 PMCID: PMC3254645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging is routinely performed in anesthetized mice. Often isoflurane anesthesia is used because of its ease of use and fast induction/recovery. However, general anesthetics have been described as important inhibitors of the luciferase enzyme reaction. Aim To investigate frequently used mouse anesthetics for their direct effect on the luciferase reaction, both in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane, ketamine, xylazine, medetomidine, pentobarbital and avertin were tested in vitro on luciferase-expressing intact cells, and for non-volatile anesthetics on intact cells and cell lysates. In vivo, isoflurane was compared to unanesthetized animals and different anesthetics. Differences in maximal photon emission and time-to-peak photon emission were analyzed. Results All volatile anesthetics showed a clear inhibitory effect on the luciferase activity of 50% at physiological concentrations. Avertin had a stronger inhibitory effect of 80%. For ketamine and xylazine, increased photon emission was observed in intact cells, but this was not present in cell lysate assays, and was most likely due to cell toxicity and increased cell membrane permeability. In vivo, the highest signal intensities were measured in unanesthetized mice and pentobarbital anesthetized mice, followed by avertin. Isoflurane and ketamine/medetomidine anesthetized mice showed the lowest photon emission (40% of unanesthetized), with significantly longer time-to-peak than unanesthetized, pentobarbital or avertin-anesthetized mice. We conclude that, although strong inhibitory effects of anesthetics are present in vitro, their effect on in vivo BLI quantification is mainly due to their hemodynamic effects on mice and only to a lesser extent due to the direct inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Keyaerts
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI) Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Design, conformational studies and analysis of structure-function relationships of PTH (1-11) analogues: the essential role of Val in position 2. Amino Acids 2011; 43:207-18. [PMID: 21918876 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The N-terminal 1-34 segment of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is fully active in vitro and in vivo and it elicits all the biological responses characteristic of the native intact PTH. Recent studies reported potent helical analogues of the PTH (1-11) with helicity-enhancing substitutions. This work describes the synthesis, biological activity, and conformational studies of analogues obtained from the most active non-natural PTH (1-11) peptide H-Aib-Val-Aib-Glu-Ile-Gln-Leu-Nle-His-Gln-Har-NH2; specifically, the replacement of Val in position 2 with D-Val, L-(αMe)-Val and N-isopropyl-Gly was studied. The synthesized analogues were characterized functionally by in-cell assays and their structures were determined by CD and NMR spectroscopy. To clarify the relationship between the structure and activity, the structural data were used to generate a pharmacophoric model, obtained overlapping all the analogues. This model underlines the fundamental functional role of the side chain of Val2 and, at the same time, reveals that the introduction of conformationally constrained Cα-tetrasubstituted α-amino acids in the peptides increases their helical content, but does not necessarily ensure significant biological activity.
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Meisenheimer PL, Uyeda HT, Ma D, Sobol M, McDougall MG, Corona C, Simpson D, Klaubert DH, Cali JJ. Proluciferin acetals as bioluminogenic substrates for cytochrome P450 activity and probes for CYP3A inhibition. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:2403-10. [PMID: 21890735 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.041541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450) assays use probe substrates to interrogate the influence of new chemical entities toward P450 enzymes. We report the synthesis and study of a family of bioluminogenic luciferin acetal substrates that are oxidized by P450 enzymes to form luciferase substrates. The luciferin acetals were screened against a panel of purified P450 enzymes. In particular, one proluciferin acetal has demonstrated sensitive and selective CYP3A4-catalyzed oxidation to a luciferin ester-K(m) and k(cat) are 2.88 μM and 5.87 pmol metabolite · min(-1) · pmol enzyme(-1), respectively. The proluciferin acetal was used as a probe substrate to measure IC(50) values of known inhibitors against recombinant CYP3A4 or human liver microsomes. IC(50) values for the known inhibitors correlate strongly with IC(50) values calculated from the traditional high-performance liquid chromatography-based probe substrate testosterone. Luciferin acetals are rapidly oxidized to unstable hemi-orthoesters by CYP3A resulting in luciferin esters and, therefore, are conducive to simple rapid CYP3A bioluminescent assays.
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Rozhko T, Bondareva L, Mogilnaya O, Vydryakova G, Bolsunovsky A, Stom D, Kudryasheva N. Detoxification of AM-241 solutions by humic substances: bioluminescent monitoring. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 400:329-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gandelman OA, Church VL, Moore CA, Kiddle G, Carne CA, Parmar S, Jalal H, Tisi LC, Murray JAH. Novel bioluminescent quantitative detection of nucleic acid amplification in real-time. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14155. [PMID: 21152399 PMCID: PMC2994769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The real-time monitoring of polynucleotide amplification is at the core of most molecular assays. This conventionally relies on fluorescent detection of the amplicon produced, requiring complex and costly hardware, often restricting it to specialised laboratories. Principal Findings Here we report the first real-time, closed-tube luminescent reporter system for nucleic acid amplification technologies (NAATs) enabling the progress of amplification to be continuously monitored using simple light measuring equipment. The Bioluminescent Assay in Real-Time (BART) continuously reports through bioluminescent output the exponential increase of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) produced during the isothermal amplification of a specific nucleic acid target. BART relies on the coupled conversion of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) produced stoichiometrically during nucleic acid synthesis to ATP by the enzyme ATP sulfurylase, and can therefore be coupled to a wide range of isothermal NAATs. During nucleic acid amplification, enzymatic conversion of PPi released during DNA synthesis into ATP is continuously monitored through the bioluminescence generated by thermostable firefly luciferase. The assay shows a unique kinetic signature for nucleic acid amplifications with a readily identifiable light output peak, whose timing is proportional to the concentration of original target nucleic acid. This allows qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific targets, and readily differentiates between negative and positive samples. Since quantitation in BART is based on determination of time-to-peak rather than absolute intensity of light emission, complex or highly sensitive light detectors are not required. Conclusions The combined chemistries of the BART reporter and amplification require only a constant temperature maintained by a heating block and are shown to be robust in the analysis of clinical samples. Since monitoring the BART reaction requires only a simple light detector, the iNAAT-BART combination is ideal for molecular diagnostic assays in both laboratory and low resource settings.
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Michelini E, Cevenini L, Mezzanotte L, Coppa A, Roda A. Cell-based assays: fuelling drug discovery. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:227-38. [PMID: 20623273 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been estimated that over a billion dollars in resources can be consumed to obtain clinical approval, and only a few new chemical entities are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) each year. Therefore it is of utmost importance to obtain the maximum amount of information about biological activity, toxicological profile, biochemical mechanisms, and off-target interactions of drug-candidate leads in the earliest stages of drug discovery. Cell-based assays, because of their peculiar advantages of predictability, possibility of automation, multiplexing, and miniaturization, seem the most appealing tool for the high demands of the early stages of the drug-discovery process. Nevertheless, cellular screening, relying on different strategies ranging from reporter gene technology to protein fragment complementation assays, still presents a variety of challenges. This review focuses on main advantages and limitations of different cell-based approaches, and future directions and trends in this fascinating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Michelini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Mentana, 7, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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31
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Synthesis and structural studies of new analogues of PTH(1–11) containing Cα-tetra-substituted amino acids in position 8. Amino Acids 2010; 39:1369-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Shou WZ, Zhang J. Recent development in high-throughput bioanalytical support forin vitroADMET profiling. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:321-36. [DOI: 10.1517/17425250903547829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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MacArthur R, Leister W, Veith H, Shinn P, Southall N, Austin CP, Inglese J, Auld DS. Monitoring compound integrity with cytochrome P450 assays and qHTS. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING 2009; 14:538-46. [PMID: 19483146 PMCID: PMC3430136 DOI: 10.1177/1087057109336954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe how room temperature storage of a 1120-member compound library prepared in either DMSO or in a hydrated-DMSO/water (67/33) mixture affects the reproducibility of potency values as monitored using cytochrome P450 1A2 and 2D6 isozyme assays. The bioluminescent assays showed Z' factors of 0.71 and 0.62, with 17% and 32% of the library found as active against the CYP 1A2 and 2D6 isozymes, respectively. The authors tested the library using quantitative high-throughput screening to generate potency values for every library member, which was measured at 7 time intervals spanning 37 weeks. They calculated the minimum significant ratio (MSR) from these potency values at each time interval and found that for the library stored in DMSO, the CYP 1A2 and 2D6 assay MSRs progressed from approximately 2.0 to 5.0. The hydrated conditions showed similar performance in both MSR progression and analytical quality control results. Based on this study, the authors recommend that DMSO samples be stored in 1536-well plates for <4 months at room temperature. Furthermore, the study illustrates the degree and time scale of apparent compound potency changes due to sample storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan MacArthur
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - William Leister
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Henrike Veith
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Paul Shinn
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Noel Southall
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Christopher P. Austin
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - James Inglese
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Douglas S. Auld
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
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34
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Gregory KJ, Sun Y. Reduction of sample evaporation in small volume microplate luminescence assays. Anal Biochem 2009; 387:321-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Caporale A, Biondi B, Schievano E, Wittelsberger A, Mammi S, Peggion E. Structure-function relationship studies of PTH(1-11) analogues containing D-amino acids. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 611:1-7. [PMID: 19303868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an 84-amino acid peptide hormone. Produced in the parathyroid glands, it acts primarily on bone and kidney to maintain extracellular calcium levels within normal limits. It has been shown that the 1-34 amino acid fragment of PTH is sufficient to bind and activate the PTH type-I receptor. Recent investigations focusing on the interaction of N-terminal fragments of PTH with PTH type-I receptor showed that certain modifications can increase signalling potency in peptides as short as 11 amino acids. To understand the role of the side chains of all the amino acid residues in PTH(1-11), we synthesized all-D PTH, three retro-inverso analogues of the most active modified PTH(1-11), H-Aib-Val-Aib-Glu-Ile-Gln-Leu-Nle-His-Gln-Har-NH(2), and we substituted every L-AA of the latter with the corresponding D-AA, obtaining a library of PTH(1-11) analogues that were tested as agonists. The library was synthesized by SPPS, employing the Fmoc protocol. The biological tests showed that the activity of the D-Har11 analogue is of the same order of magnitude of that of the most active modified PTH(1-11). This behaviour is paralleled by an increase of the helical content on going from the D-Val(2) to the D-Har(11) analogue. This is in agreement with previous work where a correlation between activity and helical content has been demonstrated. The importance of a positively charged group in the C-terminal position is shown to be independent of the configuration of the C(alpha)-carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caporale
- University of Padua, Dept of Chemical Sciences, Padova, Italy.
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Auld DS, Zhang YQ, Southall NT, Rai G, Landsman M, MacLure J, Langevin D, Thomas CJ, Austin CP, Inglese J. A basis for reduced chemical library inhibition of firefly luciferase obtained from directed evolution. J Med Chem 2009; 52:1450-8. [PMID: 19215089 PMCID: PMC3430137 DOI: 10.1021/jm8014525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We measured the "druggability" of the ATP-dependent luciferase derived from the firefly Photuris pennsylvanica that was optimized using directed evolution (Ultra-Glo, Promega). Quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) was used to determine IC(50)s of 198899 samples against a formulation of Ultra-Glo luciferase (Kinase-Glo). We found that only 0.1% of the Kinase-Glo inhibitors showed an IC(50) < 10 microM compared to 0.9% found from a previous qHTS against the firefly luciferase from Photinus pyralis (lucPpy). Further, the maximum affinity identified in the lucPpy qHTS was 50 nM, while for Kinase-Glo this value increased to 600 nM. Compounds with interactions stretching outside the luciferin binding pocket were largely lost with Ultra-Glo luciferase. Therefore, Ultra-Glo luciferase will show less compound interference when used as an ATP sensor compared to lucPpy. This study demonstrates the power of large-scale quantitative analysis of structure-activity relationships (>100K compounds) in addressing important questions such as a target's druggability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Auld
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3370, USA.
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Shan L, Zhang R, Zhang W, Lee E, Sridhar R, Snyderwine EG, Wang PC. Image-based evaluation of the molecular events underlying HC11 mammary epithelial cell differentiation. Anal Biochem 2008; 382:122-8. [PMID: 18722992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an image-based technique for signal pathway analysis, target validation, and compound screening related to mammary epithelial cell differentiation. This technique used the advantages of optical imaging and the HC11-Lux model system. The HC11-Lux cell line is a subclone of HC11 mammary epithelial cells transfected stably with a luciferase construct of the beta-casein gene promoter (p-344/-1betac-Lux). The promoter activity was imaged optically in real time following lactogenic induction. The imaging signal intensity was closely correlated with that measured using a luminometer following protein extraction (R=0.99, P<0.0001) and consistent with the messenger RNA (mRNA) level of the endogenous beta -casein gene. Using this technique, we examined the roles of JAK2/Stat5A, Raf-1/MEK/MAKP, and PI3K/Akt signal pathways with respect to differentiation. The imaging studies showed that treatment of the cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF), AG490 (JAK2-specific inhibitor), and LY294002 (PI3K-specific inhibitor) blocked lactogenic differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. PD98059 (MEK-specific inhibitor) could reverse EGF-mediated differentiation arrest. These results indicate that these pathways are essential in cell differentiation. This simple, sensitive, and reproducible technique permits visualization and real-time evaluation of the molecular events related to milk protein production. It can be adopted for high-throughput screening of small molecules for their effects on mammary epithelial cell growth, differentiation, and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shan
- Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA
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