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Alijevic O, Jaka O, Alzualde A, Maradze D, Xia W, Frentzel S, Gifford AN, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J, Koshibu K. Differentiating the Neuropharmacological Properties of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Activating Alkaloids. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:668065. [PMID: 35392565 PMCID: PMC8980233 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.668065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids that target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are of great interest because of the critical role they play in mood and anxiety. However, understanding of the neuropharmacological effects of nicotinic alkaloids, such as cotinine and anatabine, is very limited. In this study, we investigated the neuropharmacological effects of three naturally occurring alkaloids-nicotine, cotinine, and anatabine-in vitro and in vivo. A single injection of nicotine induced anxiolytic-like behavioral features in mice by using the SmartCube® behavioral profiling system, while cotinine and anatabine had no detectable effect. The results were corroborated by using the zebrafish novel tank test (NTT), which showed a profound anxiolytic-like effect induced by multiple doses of nicotine after a single 20-min treatment. When the regulation of dopamine and norepinephrine release-the neurotransmitter systems relevant for anxiety-were examined in vitro, we found that nicotine stimulated the release of both norepinephrine and dopamine, while cotinine and anatabine mainly stimulated the dopamine release. The molecular targets of nicotine were confirmed to be nAChRs with its most potent activities against α4β2 and α6/3β2β3 subtypes in vitro. Anatabine was a weaker agonist for these receptors than nicotine. Cotinine was the least potent nAChR compound, only being able to activate α4β2 and α6/3β2β3 subtypes at high doses and no detectable activities against α3β4 and α7 subtypes at the concentrations tested. The observed effects were unlikely due to the off-target effect, because these alkaloids did not bind or regulate >160 other molecular targets in vitro. Thus, the present results suggest that natural nicotinic alkaloids can induce an anxiolytic-like behavior in nonclinical animal models, potency of which may depend on the activation of various nAChRs and regulation of various neurotransmitter systems. Further investigations would help understand their effects on humans, because non-clinical studies should not be taken as a direct indication for human behavior and nicotine is not risk free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Alijevic
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Diana Maradze
- Gifford Bioscience Ltd., The BioHub Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Wenhao Xia
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew N. Gifford
- Gifford Bioscience Ltd., The BioHub Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Kyoko Koshibu
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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2
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Horti AG. Development of [(18)F]ASEM, a specific radiotracer for quantification of the α7-nAChR with positron-emission tomography. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 97:566-575. [PMID: 26232729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The alpha-7 subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) is fundamental to physiology; it mediates various brain functions and represents an important target for drug discovery. Exploration of the brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) using positron-emission tomography (PET) will make it possible to better understand the important role of this receptor and to study its involvement in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, drug dependence, inflammation and many other disorders and simplify the development of nicotinic drugs for treatment of these disorders. Until recently, PET imaging of α7-nAChRs has been impeded by the absence of good radiotracers. This review describes various endeavors to develop α7-nAChR PET tracers by several research groups including the author's group. Most initial PET tracers for imaging α7-nAChRs did not exhibit suitable imaging properties due to their low specific binding. Newly discovered [(18)F]ASEM is the first highly specific α7-nAChR radioligand and in 2014 it was translated to human PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Horti
- Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-0816, USA.
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3
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Beinat C, Banister SD, Herrera M, Law V, Kassiou M. The therapeutic potential of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) agonists for the treatment of the cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. CNS Drugs 2015; 29:529-42. [PMID: 26242477 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-015-0260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Homomeric α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChRs) have implications in the regulation of cognitive processes such as memory and attention, and have shown promise as a therapeutic target for the treatment of the cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. Multiple α7 nAChR agonists have entered human trials; however, unfavorable side effects and pharmacokinetic issues have hindered the development of a clinical α7 nAChR agonist. Currently, EVP-6124 is in phase III clinical trials, and several other α7 nAChR agonists (GTS-21 and AQW051) are in earlier stages of development. This review will summarize the recent advances and failures of α7 nAChR agonists in clinical trials for the treatment of the aforementioned pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Beinat
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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4
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Arunrungvichian K, Boonyarat C, Fokin VV, Taylor P, Vajragupta O. Cognitive Improvements in a Mouse Model with Substituted 1,2,3-Triazole Agonists for Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1331-40. [DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntarat Arunrungvichian
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Drug Design and Discovery, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chantana Boonyarat
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, KhonKaen University, 123 Muang, KhonKaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Valery V. Fokin
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Palmer Taylor
- Department
of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0650, United States
| | - Opa Vajragupta
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Drug Design and Discovery, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Arunrungvichian K, Fokin VV, Vajragupta O, Taylor P. Selectivity Optimization of Substituted 1,2,3-Triazoles as α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1317-30. [DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntarat Arunrungvichian
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Drug Design and Discovery, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department
of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0650, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Valery V. Fokin
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Opa Vajragupta
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Drug Design and Discovery, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Palmer Taylor
- Department
of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0650, United States
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6
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Biomolecular recognition of antagonists by α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: Antagonistic mechanism and structure-activity relationships studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 76:119-32. [PMID: 25963024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As the key constituent of ligand-gated ion channels in the central nervous system, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and neurodegenerative diseases are strongly coupled in the human species. In recently years the developments of selective agonists by using nAChRs as the drug target have made a large progress, but the studies of selective antagonists are severely lacked. Currently these antagonists rest mainly on the extraction of partly natural products from some animals and plants; however, the production of these crude substances is quite restricted, and artificial synthesis of nAChR antagonists is still one of the completely new research fields. In the context of this manuscript, our primary objective was to comprehensively analyze the recognition patterns and the critical interaction descriptors between target α7 nAChR and a series of the novel compounds with potentially antagonistic activity by means of virtual screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, and meanwhile these recognition reactions were also compared with the biointeraction of α7 nAChR with a commercially natural antagonist - methyllycaconitine. The results suggested clearly that there are relatively obvious differences of molecular structures between synthetic antagonists and methyllycaconitine, while the two systems have similar recognition modes on the whole. The interaction energy and the crucially noncovalent forces of the α7 nAChR-antagonists are ascertained according to the method of Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area. Several amino acid residues, such as B/Tyr-93, B/Lys-143, B/Trp-147, B/Tyr-188, B/Tyr-195, A/Trp-55 and A/Leu-118 played a major role in the α7 nAChR-antagonist recognition processes, in particular, residues B/Tyr-93, B/Trp-147 and B/Tyr-188 are the most important. These outcomes tally satisfactorily with the discussions of amino acid mutations. Based on the explorations of three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships, the structure-antagonistic activity relationships of antagonists and the characteristics of α7 nAChR-ligand recognitions were received a reasonable summary as well. These attempts emerged herein would not only provide helpful guidance for the design of α7 nAChR antagonists, but shed new light on the subsequent researches in antagonistic mechanism.
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Beinat C, Reekie T, Banister SD, O'Brien-Brown J, Xie T, Olson TT, Xiao Y, Harvey A, O'Connor S, Coles C, Grishin A, Kolesik P, Tsanaktsidis J, Kassiou M. Structure-activity relationship studies of SEN12333 analogues: determination of the optimal requirements for binding affinities at α7 nAChRs through incorporation of known structural motifs. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 95:277-301. [PMID: 25827398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have implications in the regulation of cognitive processes such as memory and attention and have been identified as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of the cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Structure affinity relationship studies of the previously described α7 agonist SEN12333 (8), have resulted in the identification of compound 45, a potent and selective agonist of the α7 nAChR with enhanced affinity and improved physicochemical properties over the parent compound (SEN12333, 8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Beinat
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tristan Reekie
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Samuel D Banister
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Teresa Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Thao T Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Yingxian Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Tsanaktsidis
- CSIRO Materials Science & Engineering, Ian Wark Laboratory, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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8
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[(125)I]Iodo-ASEM, a specific in vivo radioligand for α7-nAChR. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:488-493. [PMID: 25687449 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
[(125)I]Iodo-ASEM, a new radioligand with high affinity and selectivity for α7-nAChRs (K(i) = 0.5 nM; α7/α4β2 = 3414), has been synthesized in radiochemical yield of 33 ± 6% from the corresponding di-butyltriazene derivative and at high specific radioactivity (1600Ci/mmol; 59.2 MBq/μmol). [(125)I]Iodo-ASEM readily entered the brains of normal CD-1 mice and specifically and selectively labeled cerebral α7-nAChRs. [(125)I]iodo-ASEM is a new useful tool for studying α7-nAChR.
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9
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Beinat C, Reekie T, Hibbs D, Xie T, Olson TT, Xiao Y, Harvey A, O'Connor S, Coles C, Tsanaktsidis J, Kassiou M. Investigations of amide bond variation and biaryl modification in analogues of α7 nAChR agonist SEN12333. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:200-5. [PMID: 25019477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of experimental evidence support the involvement of the α7 nAChR in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Modulators of the α7 nAChR have been extensively reviewed for the treatment of the cognitive deficits associated with these pathologies. SEN12333 represents a novel α7 nAChR agonist chemotype with potential for reduced side effects but requiring further SAR exploration. The present work investigates the amide bond of SEN12333, specifically its connectivity and replacement with the tetrazole functionality, a known cis amide isostere. The results reveal the original amide bond connectivity of SEN12333 to be favorable for binding affinity and agonist activity at α7 nAChRs. The use of a tetrazole isostere completely abolishes affinity and functional activity and suggests that SEN12333 binds in a linear conformation. Results reported herein also suggest the pyridine nitrogen within the terminal aromatic ring of SEN12333 is not essential for binding affinity or functional activity. Further SAR investigations involving manipulation of other moieties contained within SEN12333 are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Beinat
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tristan Reekie
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David Hibbs
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Teresa Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Thao T Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Yingxian Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | | | | | - John Tsanaktsidis
- CSIRO Materials Science & Engineering, Ian Wark Laboratory, Bayview Avenue, Clayton Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Brain and Mind Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
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10
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Kombo DC, Bencherif M. Comparative study on the use of docking and Bayesian categorization to predict ligand binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) subtypes. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:3212-22. [PMID: 24328365 DOI: 10.1021/ci400493a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have carried out a comparative study between docking into homology models and Bayesian categorization, as applied to virtual screening of nicotinic ligands for binding at various nAChRs subtypes (human and rat α4β2, α7, α3β4, and α6β2β3). We found that although results vary with receptor subtype, Bayesian categorization exhibits higher accuracy and enrichment than unconstrained docking into homology models. However, docking accuracy is improved when one sets up a hydrogen-bond (HB) constraint between the cationic center of the ligand and the main-chain carbonyl group of the conserved Trp-149 or its homologue (a residue involved in cation-π interactions with the ligand basic nitrogen atom). This finding suggests that this HB is a hallmark of nicotinic ligands binding to nAChRs. Best predictions using either docking or Bayesian were obtained with the human α7 nAChR, when 100 nM was used as cutoff for biological activity. We also found that ligand-based Bayesian-derived enrichment factors and structure-based docking-derived enrichment factors highly correlate to each other. Moreover, they correlate with the mean molecular fractional polar surface area of actives ligands and the fractional hydrophobic/hydrophilic surface area of the binding site, respectively. This result is in agreement with the fact that hydrophobicity strongly contributes in promoting nicotinic ligands binding to their cognate nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Kombo
- Targacept, Inc., 100 North Main Street, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States
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11
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Computational studies of novel carbonyl-containing diazabicyclic ligands interacting with α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) reveal alternative binding modes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5105-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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QM-polarized ligand docking accurately predicts the trend in binding affinity of a series of arylmethylene quinuclidine-like derivatives at the α4β2 and α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4842-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Horti AG, Ravert HT, Gao Y, Holt DP, Bunnelle WH, Schrimpf MR, Li T, Ji J, Valentine H, Scheffel U, Kuwabara H, Wong DF, Dannals RF. Synthesis and evaluation of new radioligands [(11)C]A-833834 and [(11)C]A-752274 for positron-emission tomography of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:395-402. [PMID: 23294899 PMCID: PMC3596482 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) is one of the major neuronal nAChR subtypes. α7-nAChR is involved in variety of neuronal processes and disorders including schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. A number of α7-nAChR PET radioligands have been developed, but a quality radiotracer remains to be discovered. METHODS High binding affinity α7-nAChR ligands A-833834 and A-752274 were radiolabeled with (11)C. Baseline and blockade biodistribution studies in the mouse brain of [(11)C]A-833834 (5-(6-(5-[(11)C]methylhexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)pyridazin-3-yl)-1H-indole) and [(11)C]A-752274 (2-(6-[(11)C]methyl-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-yl)-7-(6-methyl-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-yl)-9H-fluoren-9-one) were performed. [(11)C]A-752274 was evaluated in a baseline baboon PET study. RESULTS [(11)C]A-833834 and [(11)C]A-752274 were synthesized by radiomethylation of corresponding des-methyl precursors. The radioligands were prepared with radiochemical yield of 12%-32%, high specific radioactivity (330-403GBq/μmol) and radiochemical purity>95%. Dissection studies with [(11)C]A-833834 demonstrated low specific α7-nAChR binding in the mouse brain. [(11)C]A-752274 specifically (~50%) labeled α7-nAChR in the mouse thalamus. However, [(11)CA-752274 exhibited low brain uptake in baboon (%SUV<100). CONCLUSION Two novel α7-nAChR ligands radioligands were synthesized and studied in animals. Specific binding of [(11)C]A-833834 in the mouse brain is low due to the insufficient binding affinity of the radioligand. The very high binding affinity [(11)C]A-752274 exhibited good specific binding in the α7-nAChR-rich mouse brain regions. The low uptake of [(11)C]A-752274 in the baboon brain is due to its high hydrophilicity, rapid metabolism or other properties. Future development of α7-nAChR PET radioligands will be based on compounds with high binding affinities and good blood-brain barrier permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Horti
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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14
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Pharmacological properties and predicted binding mode of arylmethylene quinuclidine-like derivatives at the α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1450-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Kombo DC, Tallapragada K, Jain R, Chewning J, Mazurov AA, Speake JD, Hauser TA, Toler S. 3D molecular descriptors important for clinical success. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:327-42. [PMID: 23244494 DOI: 10.1021/ci300445e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of clinical drug candidates are greatly influenced by their requisite physicochemical properties. In particular, it has been shown that 2D molecular descriptors such as fraction of Sp3 carbon atoms (Fsp3) and number of stereo centers correlate with clinical success. Using the proteomic off-target hit rate of nicotinic ligands, we found that shape-based 3D descriptors such as the radius of gyration and shadow indices discriminate off-target promiscuity better than do Fsp3 and the number of stereo centers. We have deduced the relevant descriptor values required for a ligand to be nonpromiscuous. Investigating the MDL Drug Data Report (MDDR) database as compounds move from the preclinical stage toward the market, we have found that these shape-based 3D descriptors predict clinical success of compounds at preclinical and phase1 stages vs compounds withdrawn from the market better than do Fsp3 and LogD. Further, these computed 3D molecular descriptors correlate well with experimentally observed solubility, which is among well-known physicochemical properties that drive clinical success. We also found that about 84% of launched drugs satisfy either Shadow index or Fsp3 criteria, whereas withdrawn and discontinued compounds fail to meet the same criteria. Our studies suggest that spherical compounds (rather than their elongated counterparts) with a minimal number of aromatic rings may exhibit a high propensity to advance from clinical trials to market.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Kombo
- Targacept, Inc., 200 East First Street, Suite 300, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101-4165, USA.
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16
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Mazurov AA, Kombo DC, Hauser TA, Miao L, Dull G, Genus JF, Fedorov NB, Benson L, Sidach S, Xiao Y, Hammond PS, James JW, Miller CH, Yohannes D. Discovery of (2S,3R)-N-[2-(Pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl]benzo[b]furan-2-carboxamide (TC-5619), a Selective α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist, for the Treatment of Cognitive Disorders. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9793-809. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly A. Mazurov
- Targacept, Inc., Winston-Salem, North
Carolina 27101-4165,
United States
| | - David C. Kombo
- Targacept, Inc., Winston-Salem, North
Carolina 27101-4165,
United States
| | - Terry A. Hauser
- Targacept, Inc., Winston-Salem, North
Carolina 27101-4165,
United States
| | - Lan Miao
- Targacept, Inc., Winston-Salem, North
Carolina 27101-4165,
United States
| | - Gary Dull
- Targacept, Inc., Winston-Salem, North
Carolina 27101-4165,
United States
| | - John F. Genus
- Targacept, Inc., Winston-Salem, North
Carolina 27101-4165,
United States
| | - Nikolai B. Fedorov
- Targacept, Inc., Winston-Salem, North
Carolina 27101-4165,
United States
| | - Lisa Benson
- Targacept, Inc., Winston-Salem, North
Carolina 27101-4165,
United States
| | - Serguei Sidach
- Targacept, Inc., Winston-Salem, North
Carolina 27101-4165,
United States
| | - Yunde Xiao
- Targacept, Inc., Winston-Salem, North
Carolina 27101-4165,
United States
| | - Philip S. Hammond
- Targacept, Inc., Winston-Salem, North
Carolina 27101-4165,
United States
| | - John W. James
- Targacept, Inc., Winston-Salem, North
Carolina 27101-4165,
United States
| | - Craig H. Miller
- Targacept, Inc., Winston-Salem, North
Carolina 27101-4165,
United States
| | - Daniel Yohannes
- Targacept, Inc., Winston-Salem, North
Carolina 27101-4165,
United States
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17
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Zanaletti R, Bettinetti L, Castaldo C, Ceccarelli I, Cocconcelli G, Comery TA, Dunlop J, Genesio E, Ghiron C, Haydar SN, Jow F, Maccari L, Micco I, Nencini A, Pratelli C, Scali C, Turlizzi E, Valacchi M. N-[5-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-4-piperidin-1-ylbutyramide (SEN78702, WYE-308775): a medicinal chemistry effort toward an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist preclinical candidate. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10277-81. [PMID: 23083093 DOI: 10.1021/jm3013568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChR) represent promising therapeutic candidates for the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. A medicinal chemistry effort around previously reported compound 1 (SEN15924, WAY-361789) led to the identification of 12 (SEN78702, WYE-308775) a potent and selective full agonist of the α7 nAChR that demonstrated improved plasma stability, brain levels, and efficacy in behavioral cognition models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Zanaletti
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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18
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Breining SR, Melvin M, Bhatti BS, Byrd GD, Kiser MN, Hepler CD, Hooker DN, Zhang J, Reynolds LA, Benson LR, Fedorov NB, Sidach SS, Mitchener JP, Lucero LM, Lukas RJ, Whiteaker P, Yohannes D. Structure-activity studies of 7-heteroaryl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-enes: a novel class of highly potent nicotinic receptor ligands. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9929-45. [PMID: 23025891 DOI: 10.1021/jm3011299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The potential for nicotinic ligands with affinity for the α4β2 or α7 subtypes to treat such diverse diseases as nicotine addiction, neuropathic pain, and neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders has been exhibited clinically for several compounds while preclinical activity in relevant in vivo models has been demonstrated for many more. For several therapeutic programs, we sought nicotinic ligands with various combinations of affinity and function across both subtypes, with an emphasis on dual α4β2-α7 ligands, to explore the possibility of synergistic effects. We report here the structure-activity relationships (SAR) for a novel series of 7-heteroaryl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-enes and characterize many of the analogues for activity at multiple nicotinic subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Breining
- Targacept, Inc. 200 East First Street, Suite 300, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, USA.
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19
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Lemoine D, Jiang R, Taly A, Chataigneau T, Specht A, Grutter T. Ligand-gated ion channels: new insights into neurological disorders and ligand recognition. Chem Rev 2012; 112:6285-318. [PMID: 22988962 DOI: 10.1021/cr3000829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Lemoine
- Laboratoire de Biophysicochimie des Récepteurs Canaux, UMR 7199 CNRS, Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg , 67400 Illkirch, France
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20
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Wala EP, Crooks PA, McIntosh JM, Holtman JR. Novel small molecule α9α10 nicotinic receptor antagonist prevents and reverses chemotherapy-evoked neuropathic pain in rats. Anesth Analg 2012; 115:713-20. [PMID: 22610850 PMCID: PMC4502964 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31825a3c72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy is a common dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy. There are no clinically proven analgesics for the treatment of this condition. Drugs from different classes have been tested with mixed results. Identification of novel molecular targets for analgesic(s) is important. Antagonism of the α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype (absent in brain) is thought to underlie analgesic efficacy of peptide α-conotoxins. We found novel nonpeptide small molecule analogs from a family of tetrakis-, tris-, and bis-azaaromatic quaternary ammonium salts (high potency with selectivity as antagonists at the α9α10 nAChRs) to produce dose-related analgesia in rat models of nerve injury-evoked neuropathy and persistent inflammatory pain. No tests were done in a model of neuropathy induced by drug administration (ie, chemotherapy). METHODS In this study, a lead bis-analog, ZZ1-61c, was characterized in a rat model of vincristine-evoked neuropathy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were repeatedly dosed with the vinca-alkaloid, vincristine (100 μg/kg/day IP, days 1 to 5 and 8 to 12). ZZ1-61c (100 μg/kg/day IP) was given either along with or after completion of vincristine (commencing by day 15 when neuropathy was maximum). Responsiveness was assessed with von Frey hairs and the paw-pressure test. The effects of ZZ1-61c on motor function (rotarod) and muscle strength (grip test) were characterized in naïve rats. RESULTS The development of neuropathy was demonstrated with repeated dosing of vincristine (pain hypersensitivity in response to mechanical stimulation). ZZ1-61c showed both preventive and restorative effects on this condition: (1) vincristine-evoked sensitivity to pressure was reduced by coadministration of ZZ1-61c; (2) established neuropathy was diminished by ZZ1-61c after cessation of chemotherapy. ZZ1-61c did not cause motor dysfunction (rotarod) or muscular weakness (the grip test). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that ZZ1-61c, a novel compound with a unique mechanism of antagonistic action at the α9α10 nAChR, may be a potential drug candidate for prevention and attenuation of neuropathic pain resulting from chemotherapy. Such a strategy may provide effective treatment that circumvents toxicity of centrally acting agonists at nAChR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta P Wala
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0293, USA.
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21
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Mazurov AA, Miao L, Bhatti BS, Strachan JP, Akireddy S, Murthy S, Kombo D, Xiao YD, Hammond P, Zhang J, Hauser TA, Jordan KG, Miller CH, Speake JD, Gatto GJ, Yohannes D. Discovery of 3-(5-chloro-2-furoyl)-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane (TC-6683, AZD1446), a novel highly selective α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist for the treatment of cognitive disorders. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9181-94. [PMID: 22793665 DOI: 10.1021/jm3006542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diversification of essential nicotinic cholinergic pharmacophoric elements, i.e., cationic center and hydrogen bond acceptor, resulted in the discovery of novel potent α4β2 nAChR selective agonists comprising a series of N-acyldiazabicycles. Core characteristics of the series are an exocyclic carbonyl moiety as a hydrogen bond acceptor and endocyclic secondary amino group. These features are positioned at optimal distance and with optimal relative spatial orientation to provide near optimal interactions with the receptor. A novel potent and highly selective α4β2 nAChR agonist 3-(5-chloro-2-furoyl)-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane (56, TC-6683, AZD1446) with favorable pharmaceutical properties and in vivo efficacy in animal models has been identified as a potential treatment for cognitive deficits associated with psychiatric or neurological conditions and is currently being progressed to phase 2 clinical trials as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly A Mazurov
- Targacept, Inc., Winston Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States.
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22
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Pérez EG, Cassels BK, Eibl C, Gündisch D. Synthesis and evaluation of N1-alkylindole-3-ylalkylammonium compounds as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3719-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Zanaletti R, Bettinetti L, Castaldo C, Cocconcelli G, Comery T, Dunlop J, Gaviraghi G, Ghiron C, Haydar SN, Jow F, Maccari L, Micco I, Nencini A, Scali C, Turlizzi E, Valacchi M. Discovery of a novel alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist series and characterization of the potent, selective, and orally efficacious agonist 5-(4-acetyl[1,4]diazepan-1-yl)pentanoic acid [5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl] amide (SEN15924, WAY-361789). J Med Chem 2012; 55:4806-23. [PMID: 22468936 DOI: 10.1021/jm300247y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChR) are implicated in the modulation of many cognitive functions such as attention, working memory, and episodic memory. For this reason, α7 nAChR agonists represent promising therapeutic candidates for the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. A medicinal chemistry effort, around our previously reported chemical series, permitted the discovery of a novel class of α7 nAChR agonists with improved selectivity, in particular against the α3 receptor subtype and better ADME profile. The exploration of this series led to the identification of 5-(4-acetyl[1,4]diazepan-1-yl)pentanoic acid [5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl] amide (25, SEN15924, WAY-361789), a novel, full agonist of the α7 nAChR that was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Compound 25 proved to be potent and selective, and it demonstrated a fair pharmacokinetic profile accompanied by efficacy in rodent behavioral cognition models (novel object recognition and auditory sensory gating).
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Zanaletti
- Siena Biotech SpA , Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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24
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Kombo DC, Mazurov AA, Chewning J, Hammond PS, Tallapragada K, Hauser TA, Speake J, Yohannes D, Caldwell WS. Discovery of novel α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands via pharmacophoric and docking studies of benzylidene anabaseine analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1179-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Dallanoce C, Magrone P, Matera C, Frigerio F, Grazioso G, De Amici M, Fucile S, Piccari V, Frydenvang K, Pucci L, Gotti C, Clementi F, De Micheli C. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of novel spirocyclic quinuclidinyl-Δ2-isoxazoline derivatives as potent and selective agonists of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:889-903. [PMID: 21365765 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A set of racemic spirocyclic quinuclidinyl-Δ(2)-isoxazoline derivatives was synthesized using a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition-based approach. Target compounds were assayed for binding affinity toward rat neuronal homomeric (α7) and heteromeric (α4β2) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Δ(2) -Isoxazolines 3 a (3-Br), 6 a (3-OMe), 5 a (3-Ph), 8 a (3-OnPr), and 4 a (3-Me) were the ligands with the highest affinity for the α7 subtype (K(i) values equal to 13.5, 14.2, 25.0, 71.6, and 96.2 nM, respectively), and showed excellent α7 versus α4β2 subtype selectivity. These compounds, tested in electrophysiological experiments against human α7 and α4β2 receptors stably expressed in cell lines, behaved as partial α7 agonists with varying levels of potency. The two enantiomers of (±)-3-methoxy-1-oxa-2,7-diaza-7,10-ethanospiro[4.5]dec-2-ene sesquifumarate 6 a were prepared using (+)-dibenzoyl-L- or (-)-dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid as resolving agents. Enantiomer (R)-(-)-6 a was found to be the eutomer, with K(i) values of 4.6 and 48.7 nM against rat and human α7 receptors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Dallanoce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche Pietro Pratesi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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26
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Dallanoce C, Magrone P, Matera C, Lo Presti L, De Amici M, Riganti L, Clementi F, Gotti C, De Micheli C. Synthesis of novel chiral Δ2-isoxazoline derivatives related to ABT-418 and estimation of their affinity at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:5594-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Ghiron C, Haydar SN, Aschmies S, Bothmann H, Castaldo C, Cocconcelli G, Comery TA, Di L, Dunlop J, Lock T, Kramer A, Kowal D, Jow F, Grauer S, Harrison B, La Rosa S, Maccari L, Marquis KL, Micco I, Nencini A, Quinn J, Robichaud AJ, Roncarati R, Scali C, Terstappen GC, Turlizzi E, Valacchi M, Varrone M, Zanaletti R, Zanelli U. Novel Alpha-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists Containing a Urea Moiety: Identification and Characterization of the Potent, Selective, and Orally Efficacious Agonist 1-[6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]-3-(4-piperidin-1-ylbutyl) Urea (SEN34625/WYE-103914). J Med Chem 2010; 53:4379-89. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901692q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ghiron
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simon N. Haydar
- Chemical Sciences and Neuroscience Discovery Research, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-8000
| | - Suzan Aschmies
- Chemical Sciences and Neuroscience Discovery Research, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-8000
| | - Hendrick Bothmann
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cristiana Castaldo
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Thomas A. Comery
- Chemical Sciences and Neuroscience Discovery Research, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-8000
| | - Li Di
- Chemical Sciences and Neuroscience Discovery Research, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-8000
| | - John Dunlop
- Chemical Sciences and Neuroscience Discovery Research, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-8000
| | - Tim Lock
- Chemical Sciences and Neuroscience Discovery Research, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-8000
| | - Angela Kramer
- Chemical Sciences and Neuroscience Discovery Research, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-8000
| | - Dianne Kowal
- Chemical Sciences and Neuroscience Discovery Research, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-8000
| | - Flora Jow
- Chemical Sciences and Neuroscience Discovery Research, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-8000
| | - Steve Grauer
- Chemical Sciences and Neuroscience Discovery Research, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-8000
| | - Boyd Harrison
- Chemical Sciences and Neuroscience Discovery Research, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-8000
| | - Salvatore La Rosa
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Maccari
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Karen L. Marquis
- Chemical Sciences and Neuroscience Discovery Research, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-8000
| | - Iolanda Micco
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Arianna Nencini
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Joanna Quinn
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Albert J. Robichaud
- Chemical Sciences and Neuroscience Discovery Research, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-8000
| | - Renza Roncarati
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Scali
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Georg C. Terstappen
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elisa Turlizzi
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Michela Valacchi
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Varrone
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zanaletti
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ugo Zanelli
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
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28
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Design of novel α7-subtype-preferring nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists: Application of docking and MM-PBSA computational approaches, synthetic and pharmacological studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6353-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Holtman JR, Crooks PA, Johnson-Hardy JK, Wala EP. The analgesic and toxic effects of nornicotine enantiomers alone and in interaction with morphine in rodent models of acute and persistent pain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2009; 94:352-62. [PMID: 19800911 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholinic receptors (nAChR) are promising targets for the development of novel analgesics. Nicotine and other nAChR-agonists produce profound analgesia in rodent models of acute and persistent pain. However, significant side-effects are of concern. Nornicotine (N-desmethyl-nicotine) appears to activate different nAChR subtypes, has a better pharmacokinetic profile, and produces less toxicity than nicotine. Little is known about its analgesic properties. In the present study, the S(-)- and R(+)-enantiomers of nornicotine were characterized with regard to analgesia and side-effects profile. Efficacy was demonstrated in rat models of pain where central sensitization is involved: i.e. the chronic constriction nerve injury model of peripheral neuropathy and the formalin model of tonic inflammatory pain. The desirable (analgesic) properties resided predominantly in the S(-)- rather than the R(+)-enantiomer. In contrast, undesirable effects (motor in-coordination, reduced locomotor activity, ataxia) were more pronounced with the R(+)-enantiomer. This is an interesting finding, which may suggest separation of toxicity from analgesia by utilization of S(-)-enantiomer of nornicotine. Maximum analgesic effectiveness without significant side-effects was achieved when S(-)-nornicotine (sub-analgesic dose) was combined with a low-dose of the micro-opioid, morphine. These preclinical data suggest that S(-)-nornicotine may be of value, either alone or in combination with an opioid, for treatment of a broad-spectrum of pain (i.e. nociceptive, neuropathic, and mixed pain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Holtman
- Anesthesiology/Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40536, United States.
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30
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Nicotinic receptors: allosteric transitions and therapeutic targets in the nervous system. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2009; 8:733-50. [PMID: 19721446 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic receptors - a family of ligand-gated ion channels that mediate the effects of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine - are among the most well understood allosteric membrane proteins from a structural and functional perspective. There is also considerable interest in modulating nicotinic receptors to treat nervous-system disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and tobacco addiction. This article describes both recent advances in our understanding of the assembly, activity and conformational transitions of nicotinic receptors, as well as developments in the therapeutic application of nicotinic receptor ligands, with the aim of aiding novel drug discovery by bridging the gap between these two rapidly developing fields.
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31
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Bunnelle WH, Tietje KR, Frost JM, Peters D, Ji J, Li T, Scanio MJC, Shi L, Anderson DJ, Dyhring T, Grønlien JH, Ween H, Thorin-Hagene K, Meyer MD. Octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole: A Diamine Scaffold for Construction of Either α4β2 or α7-Selective Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (nAChR) Ligands. Substitutions that Switch Subtype Selectivity. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4126-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900249k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William H. Bunnelle
- Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, Department R47W, Building AP9A, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6117
- NeuroSearch A/S, 93 Pederstrupvej, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Karin R. Tietje
- Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, Department R47W, Building AP9A, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6117
- NeuroSearch A/S, 93 Pederstrupvej, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Jennifer M. Frost
- Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, Department R47W, Building AP9A, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6117
- NeuroSearch A/S, 93 Pederstrupvej, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Dan Peters
- Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, Department R47W, Building AP9A, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6117
- NeuroSearch A/S, 93 Pederstrupvej, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Jianguo Ji
- Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, Department R47W, Building AP9A, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6117
- NeuroSearch A/S, 93 Pederstrupvej, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Tao Li
- Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, Department R47W, Building AP9A, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6117
- NeuroSearch A/S, 93 Pederstrupvej, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Marc J. C. Scanio
- Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, Department R47W, Building AP9A, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6117
- NeuroSearch A/S, 93 Pederstrupvej, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Lei Shi
- Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, Department R47W, Building AP9A, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6117
- NeuroSearch A/S, 93 Pederstrupvej, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - David J. Anderson
- Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, Department R47W, Building AP9A, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6117
- NeuroSearch A/S, 93 Pederstrupvej, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Tino Dyhring
- Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, Department R47W, Building AP9A, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6117
- NeuroSearch A/S, 93 Pederstrupvej, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Jens H. Grønlien
- Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, Department R47W, Building AP9A, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6117
- NeuroSearch A/S, 93 Pederstrupvej, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Hilde Ween
- Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, Department R47W, Building AP9A, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6117
- NeuroSearch A/S, 93 Pederstrupvej, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Thorin-Hagene
- Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, Department R47W, Building AP9A, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6117
- NeuroSearch A/S, 93 Pederstrupvej, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Michael D. Meyer
- Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, Department R47W, Building AP9A, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6117
- NeuroSearch A/S, 93 Pederstrupvej, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
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Feuerbach D, Lingenhoehl K, Olpe HR, Vassout A, Gentsch C, Chaperon F, Nozulak J, Enz A, Bilbe G, McAllister K, Hoyer D. The selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 agonist JN403 is active in animal models of cognition, sensory gating, epilepsy and pain. Neuropharmacology 2008; 56:254-63. [PMID: 18793655 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 (nAChR alpha7) is involved in central nervous system disorders like schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease as well as in inflammatory disorders like sepsis and pancreatitis. The present article describes the in vivo effects of JN403, a compound recently characterized to be a potent and selective partial nAChR alpha7 agonist. JN403 rapidly penetrates into the brain after i.v. and after p.o. administration in mice and rats. In the social recognition test in mice JN403 facilitates learning/memory performance over a broad dose range. JN403 shows anxiolytic-like properties in the social exploration model in rats and the effects are retained after a 6h pre-treatment period and after subchronic administration. The effect on sensory inhibition was investigated in DBA/2 mice, a strain with reduced sensory inhibition under standard experimental conditions. Systemic administration of JN403 restores sensory gating in DBA/2 mice, both in anaesthetized and awake animals. Furthermore, JN403 shows anticonvulsant potential in the audiogenic seizure paradigm in DBA/2 mice. In the two models of permanent pain tested, JN403 produces a significant reversal of mechanical hyperalgesia. The onset was fast and the duration lasted for about 6h. Altogether, the present set of data suggests that nAChR alpha7 agonists, like JN403 may be beneficial for improving learning/memory performance, restoring sensory gating deficits, and alleviating pain, epileptic seizures and conditions of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Feuerbach
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, WSJ386.725, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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Faghih R, Gopalakrishnan M, Briggs CA. Allosteric modulators of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. J Med Chem 2008; 51:701-12. [PMID: 18198823 DOI: 10.1021/jm070256g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Faghih
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064, USA.
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