1
|
Mao E, Prieto Kullmer CN, Sakai HA, MacMillan DWC. Direct Bioisostere Replacement Enabled by Metallaphotoredox Deoxydifluoromethylation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5067-5073. [PMID: 38365186 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The replacement of a functional group with its corresponding bioisostere is a widely employed tactic during drug discovery campaigns that allows medicinal chemists to improve the ADME properties of candidates while maintaining potency. However, the incorporation of bioisosteres typically requires lengthy de novo resynthesis of potential candidates, which represents a bottleneck in their broader evaluation. An alternative would be to directly convert a functional group into its corresponding bioisostere at a late stage. Herein, we report the realization of this approach through the conversion of aliphatic alcohols into the corresponding difluoromethylated analogues via the merger of benzoxazolium-mediated deoxygenation and copper-mediated C(sp3)-CF2H bond formation. The utility of this method is showcased in a variety of complex alcohols and drug compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edna Mao
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Cesar N Prieto Kullmer
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Holt A Sakai
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cui Q, Huang C, Liu JY, Zhang JT. Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting the "Undruggable" Survivin: The Past, Present, and Future from a Medicinal Chemist's Perspective. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16515-16545. [PMID: 38092421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Survivin, a homodimeric protein and a member of the IAP family, plays a vital function in cell survival and cycle progression by interacting with various proteins and complexes. Its expression is upregulated in cancers but not detectable in normal tissues. Thus, it has been regarded and validated as an ideal cancer target. However, survivin is "undruggable" due to its lack of enzymatic activities or active sites for small molecules to bind/inhibit. Academic and industrial laboratories have explored different strategies to overcome this hurdle over the past two decades, with some compounds advanced into clinical testing. These strategies include inhibiting survivin expression, its interaction with binding partners and homodimerization. Here, we provide comprehensive analyses of these strategies and perspective on different small molecule survivin inhibitors to help drug discovery targeting "undruggable" proteins in general and survivin specifically with a true survivin inhibitor that will prevail in the foreseeable future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Cui
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Caoqinglong Huang
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Jing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Jian-Ting Zhang
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guillén-Navarro D, González-Vázquez R, León-Ávila G, Giono-Cerezo S. Quorum Quenching with a Diffusible Signal Factor Analog in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Pathogens 2023; 12:1448. [PMID: 38133331 PMCID: PMC10746098 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacillus associated with nosocomial infections in intensive care units, and nowadays, its acquired resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) by sul genes within class 1 integrons is a worldwide health problem. Biofilm and motility are two of the major virulence factors in this bacterium and are auto-induced by the diffusible signal factor (DSF). In recent studies, retinoids have been used to inhibit (Quorum Quenching) these virulence factors and for their antimicrobial effect. The aim was to reduce biofilm formation and motility with retinoic acid (RA) in S. maltophilia SXT-resistant strains. Eleven SXT-resistant strains and two SXT-susceptible strains were tested for biofilm formation/reduction and planktonic/sessile cell viability with RA and SXT-MIC50/RA; motility (twitching, swimming, swarming) was measured with/without RA; and MLST typing was determined. The biofilm formation of the strains was classified as follows: 15.38% (2/13) as low, 61.54% (8/13) as moderate, and 23.08% (3/13) as high. It was significantly reduced with RA and SXT-MIC50/RA (p < 0.05); cell viability was not significantly reduced with RA (p > 0.05), but it was with SXT-MIC50/RA (p < 0.05); and swimming (p < 0.05) and swarming (p < 0.05) decreased significantly. MLST typing showed the first and novel strains of Mexican S. maltophilia registered in PubMLST (ST479-485, ST497, ST23, ST122, ST175, ST212, and ST300). In conclusion, RA reduced biofilm formation and motility without affecting cell viability; furthermore, antimicrobial synergism with SXT-MIC50/RA in different and novel STs of S. maltophilia was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Guillén-Navarro
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Rosa González-Vázquez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret”, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza. Seris y Zaachila S/N, Col. La Raza, Alcaldía Azcapotzalco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Gloria León-Ávila
- Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Zoología, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Silvia Giono-Cerezo
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kazmi MZH, Schneider OM, Hall DG. Expanding the Role of Boron in New Drug Chemotypes: Properties, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Potential of Hemiboronic Naphthoids. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13768-13787. [PMID: 37752013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
New chemotypes and bioisosteres can open a new chemical space in drug discovery and help meet an urgent demand for novel agents to fight infections and other diseases. With the aim of identifying new boron-containing drug chemotypes, this article details a comprehensive evaluation of the pseudoaromatic hemiboronic naphthoids, benzoxaza- and benzodiazaborines. Relevant physical properties in aqueous media (acidity, solubility, log P, and stability) of prototypic members of four subclasses were determined. Both scaffolds are amenable to common reactions used in drug discovery, such as chemoselective Suzuki-Miyaura, Chan-Lam, and amidation reactions. Small model libraries were prepared to assess the scope of these transformations, and the entire collection was screened for antifungal (Candida albicans) and antibacterial activity (MRSA, Escherichia coli), unveiling promising benzoxazaborines with low micromolar minimum inhibitory concentration values. Select DMPK assays of representative compounds suggest promising drug-like behavior for all four subclasses. Moreover, several drug isosteres were evaluated for anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity as appropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zain H Kazmi
- Department of Chemistry, Centennial Center for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Olivia M Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Centennial Center for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Dennis G Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Centennial Center for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yadav S, Ahamad S, Gupta D, Mathur P. Lead optimization, pharmacophore development and scaffold design of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors as potential COVID-19 therapeutics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1811-1827. [PMID: 35014595 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2024449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic agents being designed against COVID-19 have targeted either the virus directly or the host cellular machinery. A particularly attractive host target is the ubiquitous and constitutively active serine-threonine kinase, Protein kinase CK2 (CK2). CK2 enhances viral protein synthesis by inhibiting the sequestration of host translational machinery as stress granules and assists in viral egression via association with the N-protein at filopodial protrusions of the infected cell. CK2 inhibitors such as Silmitasertib have been proposed as possible therapeutic candidates in COVID-19 infections. The present study aims to optimize Silmitasertib, develop pharmacophore models and design unique scaffolds to modulate CK2. The lead optimization phase involved the generation of compounds structurally similar to Silmitasertib via bioisostere replacement followed by a multi-stage docking approach to identify drug-like candidates. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed for two promising candidates (ZINC-43206125 and PC-57664175) to estimate their binding stability and interaction. Top scoring candidates from the lead optimization phase were utilized to build ligand-based pharmacophore models. These models were then merged with structure-based pharmacophores (e-pharmacophores) to build a hybrid hypothesis. This hybrid hypothesis was validated against a decoy set and used to screen a diverse kinase inhibitors library to identify favored chemical features in the retrieved actives. These chemical features include; an anion, an aromatic ring and an H-bond acceptor. Based on the knowledge of these features; de-novo scaffold design was carried out which identified phenindiones, carboxylated steroids, macrocycles and peptides as novel scaffolds with the potential to modulate CK2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Yadav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shahzaib Ahamad
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Puniti Mathur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Osman AM, Arabi AA. Quantum and Classical Evaluations of Carboxylic Acid Bioisosteres: From Capped Moieties to a Drug Molecule. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:588-598. [PMID: 36643455 PMCID: PMC9835796 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Using the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules, the average electron density (AED) tool was developed and employed to quantitatively evaluate the similarities between bioisosteric moieties in drug design. Bioisosteric replacements are valuable in drug molecules to fine-tune their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties while maintaining their biological activity. This study was performed on non-classical bioisosteres of carboxylic acid. It was found that the AED of a given bioisostere is generally transferable, within less than 5% difference, irrespective of its environment. It was shown that the AED tool succeeds at depicting not only the similarities of bioisosteric groups but also at highlighting, as counter examples, the differences in non-bioisosteric groups. For the first time, the AED was used to evaluate bioisosterism in an FDA-approved drug molecule, furosemide, and in five analogues of this medicine. In one of the analogues, non-bioisosteric moieties were exchanged, and in four of the analogues, carboxylic acid was replaced with either furan or sulfonamide, and vice versa. It was also found that irrespective of the pH, the AED tool consistently reproduced experimental predictions. The distinct power of the AED tool in quantitatively and precisely measuring the similarity among bioisosteric groups is contrasted with the relatively ambiguous bioisosteric evaluations through the classical qualitative electrostatic potential (ESP) maps. The ESP maps were demonstrated to fail, even qualitatively, in depicting the similarities, in some cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M.
A. Osman
- College
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alya A. Arabi
- College
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Centre
for Computational Science, University College
London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Lead optimization represents the tedious process of fine-tuning lead compounds from biologically active hits to suitable drug candidates for clinical trials. By chemically modifying a hit structure, an improved compound can be obtained in terms of activity, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties. The carboxylic acid moiety is known to be a crucial functionality in many pharmaceutically active compounds. Despite its common use as a key functionality in drugs, its presence in a lead molecule is often associated with poor pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity. In this literature overview, we discuss how the shortcomings of a carboxylic acid can be circumvented by replacing this functionality with bioisosteres. In this way, the positive aspects of this moiety, such as its activity, for example, by virtue of its capacity to form hydrogen bonds, can be maintained or even improved. To that end, we provide an overview of the most promising carboxylic acid bioisosteres and discuss a selection of synthetic routes towards the main functionalities.
Collapse
|
8
|
Horgan C, O' Sullivan TP. Recent Developments in the Practical Application of Novel Carboxylic Acid Bioisosteres. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2203-2234. [PMID: 34420501 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210820112126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The carboxylic acid is an important functional group which features in the pharmacophore of some 450 drugs. Unfortunately, some carboxylic acid-containing drugs have been withdrawn from market due to unforeseen toxicity issues. Other issues associated with the carboxylate moiety include reduced metabolic stability or limited passive diffusion across biological membranes. Medicinal chemists often turn to bioisosteres to circumvent such obstacles. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the various applications of novel carboxylic acid bioisosteres which have appeared in the literature since 2013. RESULTS We have summarised the most recent developments in carboxylic acid bioisosterism. In particular, we focus on the changes in bioactivity, selectivity or physiochemical properties brought about by these substitutions, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each isostere. CONCLUSION The topics discussed herein highlight the continued interest in carboxylate bioisosteres. The development of novel carboxylic acid substitutes which display improved pharmacological profiles is testament to the innovation and creativity required to overcome the challenges faced in modern drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conor Horgan
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork. Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alves L, Santos DA, Cendron R, Rocho FR, Matos TKB, Leitão A, Montanari CA. Nitrile-based peptoids as cysteine protease inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 41:116211. [PMID: 33991733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptidomimetics of the class of dipeptidyl nitrile analog peptoids were synthesized as inhibitors of mammalian cysteine proteases of the papain superfamily. The dipeptidyl nitrile side chains were attached to the peptide backbone's nitrogen atom, not to the α-carbons. Synthesized nitrile-based peptoid analogs that lack the hydrogen amide at P2-P3 are responsible for many of the secondary structure elements in peptides and proteins, making them resistant to proteolysis. The designed peptoids would lose a hydrogen bond with cruzain Asp161 decreasing the affinity toward the enzyme. A structure-activity relationship and matched molecular pair-based analysis between the dipeptidyl nitrile Neq0409 and its peptoid 4a yielded the following cruzain affinities: pKiNeq0409 = 6.5 and pKi4a = 5.2. respectively. A retrosynthetic matched molecular pair cliff (RMMP-cliff) analysis with a ΔpKiNeq0409-4a of 1.3 log is found for this transformation. These novel peptoids were then optimized, leading to compound 4i, with high cruzain inhibition (pKi = 6.8). Cross-class cathepsin activity was observed for some of these novel compounds against cathepsins K, L and S, while other compounds presented a selective inhibition of cathepsin K (4b, 4c, 4k) over ten times higher than the other enzymes. The putative mode of binding was determined by using covalent docking, which also aided to describe the structure-activity relationship (SAR). Interestingly, none of the peptoids inhibited CatB to any appreciable extent. These results provide guidance to identify novel bioactive nitrile-based peptoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Alves
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Group (NEQUIMED), Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Deborah A Santos
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Group (NEQUIMED), Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos/SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Cendron
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Group (NEQUIMED), Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Rocho
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Group (NEQUIMED), Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago K B Matos
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Group (NEQUIMED), Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Andrei Leitão
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Group (NEQUIMED), Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos/SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos A Montanari
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Group (NEQUIMED), Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Klenner MA, Pascali G, Fraser BH, Darwish TA. Kinetic isotope effects and synthetic strategies for deuterated carbon-11 and fluorine-18 labelled PET radiopharmaceuticals. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 96-97:112-147. [PMID: 33892374 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The deuterium labelling of pharmaceuticals is a useful strategy for altering pharmacokinetic properties, particularly for improving metabolic resistance. The pharmacological effects of such metabolites are often assumed to be negligible during standard drug discovery and are factored in later at the clinical phases of development, where the risks and benefits of the treatment and side-effects can be wholly assessed. This paradigm does not translate to the discovery of radiopharmaceuticals, however, as the confounding effects of radiometabolites can inevitably show in preliminary positron emission tomography (PET) scans and thus complicate interpretation. Consequently, the formation of radiometabolites is crucial to take into consideration, compared to non-radioactive metabolites, and the application of deuterium labelling is a particularly attractive approach to minimise radiometabolite formation. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the deuterated carbon-11 and fluorine-18 radiopharmaceuticals employed in PET imaging experiments. Specifically, we explore six categories of deuterated radiopharmaceuticals used to investigate the activities of monoamine oxygenase (MAO), choline, translocator protein (TSPO), vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), neurotransmission and the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease; from which we derive four prominent deuteration strategies giving rise to a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) for reducing the rate of metabolism. Synthetic approaches for over thirty of these deuterated radiopharmaceuticals are discussed from the perspective of deuterium and radioisotope incorporation, alongside an evaluation of the deuterium labelling and radiolabelling efficacies across these independent studies. Clinical and manufacturing implications are also discussed to provide a more comprehensive overview of how deuterated radiopharmaceuticals may be introduced to routine practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A Klenner
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia.
| | - Giancarlo Pascali
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Benjamin H Fraser
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Tamim A Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marín-Luna M, Claramunt RM, Elguero J, Alkorta I. Theoretical and Spectroscopic Characterization of API-Related Azoles in Solution and in Solid State. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4847-4857. [PMID: 32811407 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200818212846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Azoles are a family of five-membered azacyclic compounds with relevant biological and pharmacological activity. Different subclasses of azoles are defined depending on the atomic arrangement and the number of nitrogen atoms present in the ring: pyrazoles, indazoles, imidazoles, benzimidazoles, triazoles, benzotriazoles, tetrazoles and pentazoles. The complete characterization of their structure and the knowledge about their crystal packing and physical and chemical properties are of vital importance for the advancement in the design of new azole-containing drugs. In this review, we report the latest recent contributions to azole chemistry, in particular, those in which theoretical studies have been performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marín-Luna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rosa M Claramunt
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo Senda del Rey, 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
N-Alkyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]hydrazine-1-carboxamides and Their Analogues: Synthesis and Multitarget Biological Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102268. [PMID: 32408517 PMCID: PMC7287908 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the isosterism concept, we have designed and synthesized homologous N-alkyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]hydrazine-1-carboxamides (from C1 to C18) as potential antimicrobial agents and enzyme inhibitors. They were obtained from 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzohydrazide by three synthetic approaches and characterized by spectral methods. The derivatives were screened for their inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) via Ellman’s method. All the hydrazinecarboxamides revealed a moderate inhibition of both AChE and BuChE, with IC50 values of 27.04–106.75 µM and 58.01–277.48 µM, respectively. Some compounds exhibited lower IC50 for AChE than the clinically used drug rivastigmine. N-Tridecyl/pentadecyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]hydrazine-1-carboxamides were identified as the most potent and selective inhibitors of AChE. For inhibition of BuChE, alkyl chain lengths from C5 to C7 are optimal substituents. Based on molecular docking study, the compounds may work as non-covalent inhibitors that are placed in a close proximity to the active site triad. The compounds were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and nontuberculous mycobacteria (M. avium, M. kansasii). Reflecting these results, we prepared additional analogues of the most active carboxamide (n-hexyl derivative 2f). N-Hexyl-5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine (4) exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations within this study (MIC ≥ 62.5 µM), however, this activity is mild. All the compounds avoided cytostatic properties on two eukaryotic cell lines (HepG2, MonoMac6).
Collapse
|
13
|
Azizian H, Esmailnejad A, Fathi Vavsari V, Mahernia S, Amanlou M, Balalaie S. Pantoprazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Urease Inhibition Assay and In Silico Molecular Modeling Studies. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Homa Azizian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International CampusIran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Atefeh Esmailnejad
- Peptide Chemistry Research CenterK. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416 Tehran Iran
| | - Vaezeh Fathi Vavsari
- Peptide Chemistry Research CenterK. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416 Tehran Iran
| | - Shabnam Mahernia
- Drug Design and Development Research CenterThe Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Drug Design and Development Research CenterThe Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research CenterK. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416 Tehran Iran
- Medical Biology Research CenterKermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Peptidomimetic Synthesis: Drug Discovery for Alzheimer's Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31879928 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0227-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The biomolecular system mainly consists of nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, and sugar chains, and they play a critical role in cell growth, differentiation induction, apoptosis, and immunity. Among these components, peptides are the most commonly studied due to their relatively low molecular weight and high biocompatibility as well as in vitro and in vivo lability and often applied as drugs, agricultural chemicals, food, and tools in diagnostic and biological research. Peptidomimetics have been reported to function as protein-protein interaction inhibitors and thus could serve in many biomolecular systems. This chapter describes the synthesis of peptidomimetics used for discovery of drugs that target β-secretase inhibitors and amyloid-β aggregation inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease. For this purpose, natural amino acids and other synthetic acids or amines were used in a solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS).
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao Z, Dai X, Li C, Wang X, Tian J, Feng Y, Xie J, Ma C, Nie Z, Fan P, Qian M, He X, Wu S, Zhang Y, Zheng X. Pyrazolone structural motif in medicinal chemistry: Retrospect and prospect. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 186:111893. [PMID: 31761383 PMCID: PMC7115706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pyrazolone structural motif is a critical element of drugs aimed at different biological end-points. Medicinal chemistry researches have synthesized drug-like pyrazolone candidates with several medicinal features including antimicrobial, antitumor, CNS (central nervous system) effect, anti-inflammatory activities and so on. Meanwhile, SAR (Structure-Activity Relationship) investigations have drawn attentions among medicinal chemists, along with a plenty of analogues have been derived for multiple targets. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the biological activity and SAR for pyrazolone analogues, wishing to give an overall retrospect and prospect on the pyrazolone derivatives. The pyrazolone structural motif is a critical element of drugs aimed at different biological end-points. The pyrazolone analogues have been carried out to drug-like candidates with broad range of medicinal properties. This review wishes to give an overall retrospect and prospect on the pyrazolone derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xufen Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jiale Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ying Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jing Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Cong Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhuang Nie
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Peinan Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Mingcheng Qian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xirui He
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China
| | - Shaoping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China; Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Häring M, Nandi SK, Rodríguez-López J, Haldar D, Martín VS, Lozano-Gorrín AD, Saldías C, Díaz DD. 5-(1 H-1,2,3-Triazol-5-yl)isophthalic Acid: A Versatile Ligand for the Synthesis of New Supramolecular Metallogels. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:2111-2117. [PMID: 31459459 PMCID: PMC6647994 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The gelation ability of 5-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl)isophthalic acid (click-TIA) in the presence of different metal acetates has been studied in different solvents and ligand/metal ratios. This manuscript is focused on the metallogel obtained from the combination of click-TIA and copper(II) acetate, which has been used as a model system in terms of characterization and gelation studies. Sonication treatment of the initial mixture of compounds and the nature of the counter anion were found to be critical factors for the supramolecular assembly of the metal/click-TIA complexes and, hence, for the formation of stable and homogeneous metallogels. The gel materials have been characterized with a variety of techniques including infrared, rheology, UV-vis spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Häring
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Sujay Kumar Nandi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Julio Rodríguez-López
- Instituto
Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González”
(CIBICAN), “Síntesis Orgánica Sostenible, Unidad
Asociada al CSIC”, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Francisco Sánchez 2, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Debasish Haldar
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Víctor S. Martín
- Instituto
Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González”
(CIBICAN), “Síntesis Orgánica Sostenible, Unidad
Asociada al CSIC”, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Francisco Sánchez 2, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Antonio Diego Lozano-Gorrín
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto
Universitario de Materiales y Nanotecnología (IMN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38200, Tenerife, Spain
| | - César Saldías
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
- Instituto
de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco
Sánchez 3, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Panja A, Ghosh K. Triazole-amide isosteric pyridine-based supramolecular gelators in metal ion and biothiol sensing with excellent performance in adsorption of heavy metal ions and picric acid from water. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04380a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pyridine-based gelators 1–4 of triazole-amide isosteric relationship have been considered in metal ion sensing, heavy metal and picric acid adsorption from water. The change from triazole to isosteric amide has marked effect on gelling properties of the gelators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Panja
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kalyani
- Kalyani-741235
- India
| | - Kumaresh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kalyani
- Kalyani-741235
- India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Häring M, Rodríguez-López J, Grijalvo S, Tautz M, Eritja R, Martín VS, Díaz Díaz D. Isosteric Substitution of 4H-1,2,4-Triazole by 1H-1,2,3-Triazole in Isophthalic Derivative Enabled Hydrogel Formation for Controlled Drug Delivery. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2963-2972. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Häring
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julio Rodríguez-López
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (CIBICAN), “Síntesis Orgánica Sostenible, Unidad Asociada al CSIC”, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Santiago Grijalvo
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC−CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus Tautz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ramón Eritja
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC−CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor S. Martín
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (CIBICAN), “Síntesis Orgánica Sostenible, Unidad Asociada al CSIC”, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC−CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hamada Y. Recent progress in prodrug design strategies based on generally applicable modifications. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1627-1632. [PMID: 28285913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of prodrugs has progressed with the aim of improving drug bioavailability by overcoming various barriers that reduce drug benefits in clinical use, such as stability, duration, water solubility, side effect profile, and taste. Many conventional drugs act as the precursors of an active agent in vivo; for example, the anti-HIV agent azidothymidine (AZT) is converted into its corresponding active triphosphate ester in the body, meaning that AZT is a prodrug in the broadest sense. However prodrug design is generally difficult owing to the lack of general versatility. Thus, these prodrugs, broadly defined, are often discovered by chance or trial-and-error. Recently, many prodrugs that could release the corresponding parent drugs with or without enzymatic action under physiological conditions have been reported. These prodrugs can be easily designed and synthesized because of their generally applicable modifications. This digest paper provides an overview of recent development in prodrug strategies for drugs with a carboxylic acid or hydroxyl/amino group on the basis of a generally applicable modification strategy, such as esterification, amidation, or benzylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Hamada
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo, Kobe 650-0043, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hamada Y, Kiso Y. New directions for protease inhibitors directed drug discovery. Biopolymers 2016; 106:563-79. [PMID: 26584340 PMCID: PMC7161749 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteases play crucial roles in various biological processes, and their activities are essential for all living organisms-from viruses to humans. Since their functions are closely associated with many pathogenic mechanisms, their inhibitors or activators are important molecular targets for developing treatments for various diseases. Here, we describe drugs/drug candidates that target proteases, such as malarial plasmepsins, β-secretase, virus proteases, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4. Previously, we reported inhibitors of aspartic proteases, such as renin, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease, human T-lymphotropic virus type I protease, plasmepsins, and β-secretase, as drug candidates for hypertension, adult T-cell leukaemia, human T-lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy, malaria, and Alzheimer's disease. Our inhibitors are also described in this review article as examples of drugs that target proteases. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 563-579, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Hamada
- Medicinal Chemistry LaboratoryKobe Pharmaceutical University, MotoyamakitaHigashinada‐kuKobe658‐8558Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kiso
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio‐Science and TechnologyTamura‐choNagahama526‐0829Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Novel prodrugs with a spontaneous cleavable guanidine moiety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1685-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
Hamada Y. A novel N-terminal degradation reaction of peptides via N-amidination. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1690-5. [PMID: 26916439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The cleavage of amide bonds requires considerable energy. It is difficult to cleave the amide bonds in peptides at room temperature, whereas ester bonds are cleaved easily. If peptide bonds can be selectively cleaved at room temperature, it will become a powerful tool for life science research, peptide prodrug, and tissue-targeting drug delivery systems. To cleave a specific amide bond at room temperature, the decomposition reaction of arginine methyl ester was investigated. Arginine methyl ester forms a dimer; the dimer releases a heterocyclic compound and ornithine methyl ester at room temperature. We designed and synthesized N-amidinopeptides based on the decomposition reaction of arginine methyl ester. Alanyl-alanine anilide was used as the model peptide and could be converted into N-degraded peptide, alanine anilide, via an N-amidination reaction at close to room temperature. Although the cleavage rate in pH 7.4 phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37°C was slow (t1/2=35.7h), a rapid cleavage rate was observed in 2% NaOH aq (t1/2=1.5min). To evaluate the versatility of this reaction, a series of peptides with Lys, Glu, Ser, Cys, Tyr, Val, and Pro residue at the N-terminal were synthesized; they showed rapid cleavage rates of t1/2 values from 1min to 10min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Hamada
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Design and synthesis of potent, selective phenylimidazole-based FVIIa inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2169-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
24
|
Hamada Y, Miyamoto N, Kiso Y. Novel β-amyloid aggregation inhibitors possessing a turn mimic. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1572-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
25
|
Alghamdi RH, O'Reilly P, Lu C, Gomes J, Lagace TA, Basak A. LDL-R promoting activity of peptides derived from human PCSK9 catalytic domain (153-421): design, synthesis and biochemical evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 92:890-907. [PMID: 25679794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High level of Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) in circulation in the blood is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke. Currently the statin drugs which inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase responsible for cholesterol synthesis in the liver are very effective in lowering LDL-cholesterol. However these drugs are often associated with serious side effects particularly for ∼10-12% of cases. Therefore there is a need to develop non-statin based cholesterol reducing agents. Recently it was revealed that the secreted Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9 (PCSK9) binds with LDL-receptor (LDL-R) causing its degradation in the lysosome with the result of LDL-C accumulating in the blood. Thus PCSK9 has become an alternative target for development of non-statin cholesterol reducing agents. It is established that the catalytic domain of PCSK9 (aa153-421) and the EGF-A domain of LDL-R (aa314-355) are involved in the above bind leading to the reduction of LDL-R level and accumulation of LDL-C. OBJECTIVE The major goal of this study is to identify peptide/s from the catalytic domain of hPCSK9 that can block the binding of hPCSK9 and LDL-R and therefore can reduce LDL-R degradation leading to the clearance of LDL-C from the plasma. RESULTS Using 51 synthetic linear peptides (P1-P51) of 15aa long with 10 amino acids overlapping sequences spanning the entire catalytic segment of hPCSK9 (aa153-421), we identified two domains of hPCSK9 namely (aa323-358) and (aa365-384) that exhibited strong binding affinity towards synthetic EGF-A peptide. The results were based on mass spectrometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and native gel electrophoresis. Thus peptides containing the above segments in part (P35-P39 and P42-P47) exhibited LDL-R promoting activity when added exogenously to culture medium of growing human hepatic cells like HepG2 and HuH7. The effects were particularly significant with peptides P36, P37, P46 and P47. Interestingly, the first two peptides are present within the disulphide loop Cys(323)-Cys(358) and contain the key gain of function mutation D(374)/Y site while the last two peptides contain another disulphide bridge loop Cys(375)-Cys(378) and the second most potent gain of function mutation R(357)/H. Further studies revealed that S-S bridged cyclic loop peptide hPCSK9(365-384) exhibited the highest (∼3.5-fold) LDL-R promoting activity in both HepG2 and HuH7 when applied at 5 μM concentration level. This effect is completely abrogated when one of the Cys residues is substituted by Ala thereby preventing any S-S bond formation. This suggested its critical role in the bioactivity. It is proposed that LDL-R promoting activity of this and other selected PCSK9 catalytic peptides such as P36, P37, P46 and P47 are most likely mediated via intervention of PCSK9:LDL-R complex formation. Our findings may find useful application in future development of small molecule PCSK9 inhibitors for intervention of hypercholesterolemia and associated cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha H Alghamdi
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Health Science, U Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Paul O'Reilly
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Health Science, U Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Chunyu Lu
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Health Science, U Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - James Gomes
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Health Science, U Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Thomas A Lagace
- Lipoprotein Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Ajoy Basak
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Health Science, U Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, U Ottawa, 725 Parkdale Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y4E9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bachl J, Mayr J, Sayago FJ, Cativiela C, Díaz Díaz D. Amide–triazole isosteric substitution for tuning self-assembly and incorporating new functions into soft supramolecular materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5294-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08593k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the proof-of-concept demonstration for the synthesis of novel supramolecular soft gel materials based on amide–triazole isometric substitution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Bachl
- Universität Regensburg
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Judith Mayr
- Universität Regensburg
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Francisco J. Sayago
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Carlos Cativiela
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Universität Regensburg
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Meanwell NA. The Influence of Bioisosteres in Drug Design: Tactical Applications to Address Developability Problems. TACTICS IN CONTEMPORARY DRUG DESIGN 2014; 9. [PMCID: PMC7416817 DOI: 10.1007/7355_2013_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The application of bioisosteres in drug discovery is a well-established design concept that has demonstrated utility as an approach to solving a range of problems that affect candidate optimization, progression, and durability. In this chapter, the application of isosteric substitution is explored in a fashion that focuses on the development of practical solutions to problems that are encountered in typical optimization campaigns. The role of bioisosteres to affect intrinsic potency and selectivity, influence conformation, solve problems associated with drug developability, including P-glycoprotein recognition, modulating basicity, solubility, and lipophilicity, and to address issues associated with metabolism and toxicity is used as the underlying theme to capture a spectrum of creative applications of structural emulation in the design of drug candidates.
Collapse
|
28
|
Hamada Y, Suzuki K, Nakanishi T, Sarma D, Ohta H, Yamaguchi R, Yamasaki M, Hidaka K, Ishiura S, Kiso Y. Structure-activity relationship study of BACE1 inhibitors possessing a chelidonic or 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic scaffold at the P(2) position. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 24:618-23. [PMID: 24360554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported potent substrate-based pentapeptidic BACE1 inhibitors possessing a hydroxymethylcarbonyl isostere as a substrate transition-state mimic. While these inhibitors exhibited potent activities in enzymatic and cellular assays (KMI-429 in particular inhibited Aβ production in vivo), these inhibitors contained some natural amino acids that seemed to be required to improve enzymatic stability in vivo and permeability across the blood-brain barrier, so as to be practical drug. Recently, we synthesized non-peptidic and small-sized BACE1 inhibitors possessing a heterocyclic scaffold at the P2 position. Herein we report the SAR study of BACE1 inhibitors possessing this heterocyclic scaffold, a chelidonic or 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Hamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan; Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan.
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakanishi
- Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Diganta Sarma
- Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ohta
- Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yamaguchi
- Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Moe Yamasaki
- Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Koushi Hidaka
- Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Shoichi Ishiura
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kiso
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan; Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan; Laboratory of Peptide Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Tamura-cho, Nagahama 526-0829, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Novel BACE1 inhibitors with a non-acidic heterocycle at the P1′ position. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6665-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
30
|
Hamada Y. The Significance of Quantum Chemical Interactions for Medicinal Science and Design of β-Secretase Inhibitors. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2013; 133:1113-20. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.13-00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Hamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Konno H, Sema Y, Ishii M, Hattori Y, Nosaka K, Akaji K. Practical synthesis of peptide C-terminal aldehyde on a solid support. Tetrahedron Lett 2013; 54:4848-4850. [PMID: 32287443 PMCID: PMC7111760 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated practical synthetic routes for the preparation of peptide aldehyde on a solid support. Peptide aldehyde was synthesized via efficient transformation of acetal/thioacetal structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sema
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Manabu Ishii
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yasunao Hattori
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nosaka
- Department of Chemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichi Akaji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by progressive intellectual deterioration, is the most common cause of dementia. β-Secretase (or BACE1) expression is a trigger for amyloid β peptide formation, a cause of AD, and thus is a molecular target for the development of drugs against AD. Many BACE1 inhibitors have been identified by academic and pharmaceutical research groups and a number of advanced technologies in drug discovery have been applied to the drug discovery. AREAS COVERED The purpose of this review is to present and discuss the methodologies used for BACE1 inhibitor drug discovery via substrate- and structure-based design, high-throughput screening and fragment-based drug design. The authors also review the advantages and disadvantages of these methodologies. EXPERT OPINION Many BACE1 inhibitors have been designed using X-ray crystal structure-based drug design as well as through in silico screening. Nevertheless, there are serious problems with regards to deciding the best X-ray crystal structure for designing BACE1 inhibitors through computational approaches. There are two prominent configurations of BACE1 but there is still room for improvement. Future developments may make it possible to identify BACE1 inhibitors as potential drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Hamada
- Kobe Gakuin University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|