1
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Chermat R, Refet-Mollof E, Kamio Y, Carrier JF, Wong P, Gervais T. Brachytherapy on-a-chip: a clinically-relevant approach for radiotherapy testing in 3d biology. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2335-2346. [PMID: 38568477 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00032c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We describe the first microfluidic device for in vitro testing of brachytherapy (BT), with applications in translational cancer research. Our PDMS-made BT-on-chip system allows highly precise manual insertion of clinical BT seeds, reliable dose calculation using standard clinically-used TG-43 formalism and easy culture of naturally hypoxic spheroids in less than 3 days, thereby increasing the translational potential of the device. As the BT-on-chip platform is designed to be versatile, we showcase three different gold-standard post-irradiation bioassays and recapitulate, for the first time on-chip, key clinical observations such as dose rate effect and hypoxia-induced radioresistance. Our results suggest that BT-on-chip can be used to safely and efficiently integrate BT and radiotherapy to translational research and drug development pipelines, without expensive equipment or complex workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodin Chermat
- μFO Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Elena Refet-Mollof
- μFO Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Yuji Kamio
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Département de radio-oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Jean-François Carrier
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montréal, Canada
- Département de radio-oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Philip Wong
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Gervais
- μFO Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montréal, Canada
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2
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Butler D, Reyes DR. Heart-on-a-chip systems: disease modeling and drug screening applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1494-1528. [PMID: 38318723 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00829k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, casting a substantial economic footprint and burdening the global healthcare system. Historically, pre-clinical CVD modeling and therapeutic screening have been performed using animal models. Unfortunately, animal models oftentimes fail to adequately mimic human physiology, leading to a poor translation of therapeutics from pre-clinical trials to consumers. Even those that make it to market can be removed due to unforeseen side effects. As such, there exists a clinical, technological, and economical need for systems that faithfully capture human (patho)physiology for modeling CVD, assessing cardiotoxicity, and evaluating drug efficacy. Heart-on-a-chip (HoC) systems are a part of the broader organ-on-a-chip paradigm that leverages microfluidics, tissue engineering, microfabrication, electronics, and gene editing to create human-relevant models for studying disease, drug-induced side effects, and therapeutic efficacy. These compact systems can be capable of real-time measurements and on-demand characterization of tissue behavior and could revolutionize the drug development process. In this review, we highlight the key components that comprise a HoC system followed by a review of contemporary reports of their use in disease modeling, drug toxicity and efficacy assessment, and as part of multi-organ-on-a-chip platforms. We also discuss future perspectives and challenges facing the field, including a discussion on the role that standardization is expected to play in accelerating the widespread adoption of these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Butler
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Darwin R Reyes
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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3
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Lee J, Maji S, Lee H. Fabrication and integration of a low-cost 3D printing-based glucose biosensor for bioprinted liver-on-a-chip. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300154. [PMID: 37632204 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, significant progress has been made in the development of more physiologically relevant organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems that can mimic tissue microenvironments. Despite the advantages of these microphysiological systems, such as portability, ability to mimic physiological flow conditions, and reduction of the number of reagents required for preparation and detection, they lack real-time analyte detection with high accuracy. To address this limitation, biosensor technologies have been integrated with OOC systems to facilitate simultaneous analysis of different analytes with a single device. However, the integration of biosensors with OOC systems is challenging because of the competing demands of low-cost, simple fabrication processes and speed. In this study, we fabricate a glucose-sensing device and integrate it with a liver-on-a-chip (LOC) platform. A carbon black-polylactic acid-based three-electrode system was printed using fused deposit molding 3D printing technology to simplify the fabrication process. The sensitivity of the fabricated glucose biosensing device was enhanced by coating the electrodes with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. A biosensing integration study performed using a perfusion-based LOC demonstrated the stability, biocompatibility, and sensitivity of the proposed glucose sensing device. Furthermore, drug-toxicity studies conducted using the LOC platform demonstrated the ability of the device to detect a broad range of glucose concentrations and its enhanced sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehee Lee
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University (KNU), Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Somnath Maji
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Kangwon National University (KNU), Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungseok Lee
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University (KNU), Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Kangwon National University (KNU), Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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4
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Choi DH, Oh D, Na K, Kim H, Choi D, Jung YH, Ahn J, Kim J, Kim CH, Chung S. Radiation induces acute and subacute vascular regression in a three-dimensional microvasculature model. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1252014. [PMID: 37909014 PMCID: PMC10613678 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1252014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation treatment is one of the most frequently used therapies in patients with cancer, employed in approximately half of all patients. However, the use of radiation therapy is limited by acute or chronic adverse effects and the failure to consider the tumor microenvironment. Blood vessels substantially contribute to radiation responses in both normal and tumor tissues. The present study employed a three-dimensional (3D) microvasculature-on-a-chip that mimics physiological blood vessels to determine the effect of radiation on blood vessels. This model represents radiation-induced pathophysiological effects on blood vessels in terms of cellular damage and structural and functional changes. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), apoptosis, and cell viability indicate cellular damage. Radiation-induced damage leads to a reduction in vascular structures, such as vascular area, branch length, branch number, junction number, and branch diameter; this phenomenon occurs in the mature vascular network and during neovascularization. Additionally, vasculature regression was demonstrated by staining the basement membrane and microfilaments. Radiation exposure could increase the blockage and permeability of the vascular network, indicating that radiation alters the function of blood vessels. Radiation suppressed blood vessel recovery and induced a loss of angiogenic ability, resulting in a network of irradiated vessels that failed to recover, deteriorating gradually. These findings demonstrate that this model is valuable for assessing radiation-induced vascular dysfunction and acute and chronic effects and can potentially improve radiotherapy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- R&D Research Center, Next&Bio Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Oh
- Korea University-Korea institute of Science and Technology (KU-KIST) Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhwan Na
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- R&D Research Center, Next&Bio Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dongjin Choi
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hun Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- R&D Research Center, Next&Bio Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinchul Ahn
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- R&D Research Center, Next&Bio Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chun-Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korea University-Korea institute of Science and Technology (KU-KIST) Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
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5
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Chopra H, Chakraborty S, Akash S, Chakraborty C, Dhama K. Organ-on-chip: a new paradigm for clinical trials - correspondence. Int J Surg 2023; 109:3240-3241. [PMID: 37352514 PMCID: PMC10583935 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Chopra
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and technical sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, West Tripura, Tripura
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Daffodil International University, Daffodil smart city, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh
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6
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Dai M, Xiao G, Shao M, Zhang YS. The Synergy between Deep Learning and Organs-on-Chips for High-Throughput Drug Screening: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:389. [PMID: 36979601 PMCID: PMC10046732 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips (OoCs) are miniature microfluidic systems that have arguably become a class of advanced in vitro models. Deep learning, as an emerging topic in machine learning, has the ability to extract a hidden statistical relationship from the input data. Recently, these two areas have become integrated to achieve synergy for accelerating drug screening. This review provides a brief description of the basic concepts of deep learning used in OoCs and exemplifies the successful use cases for different types of OoCs. These microfluidic chips are of potential to be assembled as highly potent human-on-chips with complex physiological or pathological functions. Finally, we discuss the future supply with perspectives and potential challenges in terms of combining OoCs and deep learning for image processing and automation designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manna Dai
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Computing and Intelligence Department, Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Gao Xiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Shao
- Department of Computer and Information Science, College of Engineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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7
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Wang Y, Gao Y, Pan Y, Zhou D, Liu Y, Yin Y, Yang J, Wang Y, Song Y. Emerging trends in organ-on-a-chip systems for drug screening. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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8
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Xiao M, Li X, Zhang X, Duan X, Lin H, Liu S, Sui G. Assessment of cancer-related signaling pathways in responses to polystyrene nanoplastics via a kidney-testis microfluidic platform (KTP). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159306. [PMID: 36216064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a new type of environmental pollutants, micro/nano plastics (MPs/NPs) derived from plastic products are commonly contact in daily life and lead to some serious health issues. The toxicity effects of MPs/NPs on the human body have aroused wide concerns. Although MPs/NPs have been reported to be transmitted into the kidney and reproductive organs, the molecular mechanisms of MPs/NPs toxicity remain unclear due to the lack of a physiologically relevant organ-organ linking platform in vitro. Here, we present a kidney-testis microfluidic platform (KTP) with NPs exposure that enables the communication of kidney and testis chambers and reproduces endothelium-linked chambers to simulate the state in vivo. The function of KTP was assessed by cell counting kit (CCK-8), tight junction protein claudin-2 and glucose consumption. Results revealed that MPs/NPs entered the kidney and testis via endocytosis. Immunofluorescence and ELISA analysis were performed on KTP at 200 μg/mL PS-NP to identify the dysregulated proteins on cancer-related signaling pathways, including the MAPK signaling pathway (RTK, RAS, ERK, JNK, P38, NRF2, TNF-α, and TNF-α-R) and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway (PI3K, AKT, MDM2, P53, and ΒΑD). This multi-organ platform (KTP) contributes to clarifying cancer pathways triggered by MPs/NPs exposure and provides a promising method for assessing diseases induced by environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Xiao
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, 200438 Shanghai, China
| | - Xinran Li
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, 200438 Shanghai, China
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, 200438 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Duan
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, 200438 Shanghai, China
| | - Houwei Lin
- Jiaxing University, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women and Children Hospital, 2468 East Zhonghuan Road, 314050 Jiaxing, China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, 200438 Shanghai, China.
| | - Guodong Sui
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, 200438 Shanghai, China.
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9
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Biomedical Microelectromechanical System for Molecular, Cellular, and Organ Study. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8984-0_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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10
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Zommiti M, Connil N, Tahrioui A, Groboillot A, Barbey C, Konto-Ghiorghi Y, Lesouhaitier O, Chevalier S, Feuilloley MGJ. Organs-on-Chips Platforms Are Everywhere: A Zoom on Biomedical Investigation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:646. [PMID: 36354557 PMCID: PMC9687856 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the decades, conventional in vitro culture systems and animal models have been used to study physiology, nutrient or drug metabolisms including mechanical and physiopathological aspects. However, there is an urgent need for Integrated Testing Strategies (ITS) and more sophisticated platforms and devices to approach the real complexity of human physiology and provide reliable extrapolations for clinical investigations and personalized medicine. Organ-on-a-chip (OOC), also known as a microphysiological system, is a state-of-the-art microfluidic cell culture technology that sums up cells or tissue-to-tissue interfaces, fluid flows, mechanical cues, and organ-level physiology, and it has been developed to fill the gap between in vitro experimental models and human pathophysiology. The wide range of OOC platforms involves the miniaturization of cell culture systems and enables a variety of novel experimental techniques. These range from modeling the independent effects of biophysical forces on cells to screening novel drugs in multi-organ microphysiological systems, all within microscale devices. As in living biosystems, the development of vascular structure is the salient feature common to almost all organ-on-a-chip platforms. Herein, we provide a snapshot of this fast-evolving sophisticated technology. We will review cutting-edge developments and advances in the OOC realm, discussing current applications in the biomedical field with a detailed description of how this technology has enabled the reconstruction of complex multi-scale and multifunctional matrices and platforms (at the cellular and tissular levels) leading to an acute understanding of the physiopathological features of human ailments and infections in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zommiti
- Research Unit Bacterial Communication and Anti-infectious Strategies (CBSA, UR4312), University of Rouen Normandie, 27000 Evreux, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc G. J. Feuilloley
- Research Unit Bacterial Communication and Anti-infectious Strategies (CBSA, UR4312), University of Rouen Normandie, 27000 Evreux, France
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11
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Meng F, Cheng H, Qian J, Dai X, Huang Y, Fan Y. In vitro fluidic systems: Applying shear stress on endothelial cells. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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12
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Chermat R, Ziaee M, Mak DY, Refet-Mollof E, Rodier F, Wong P, Carrier JF, Kamio Y, Gervais T. Radiotherapy on-chip: microfluidics for translational radiation oncology. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2065-2079. [PMID: 35477748 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00177b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The clinical importance of radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer patients justifies the development and use of research tools at the fundamental, pre-clinical, and ultimately clinical levels, to investigate their toxicities and synergies with systemic agents on relevant biological samples. Although microfluidics has prompted a paradigm shift in drug discovery in the past two decades, it appears to have yet to translate to radiotherapy research. However, the materials, dimensions, design versatility and multiplexing capabilities of microfluidic devices make them well-suited to a variety of studies involving radiation physics, radiobiology and radiotherapy. This review will present the state-of-the-art applications of microfluidics in these fields and specifically highlight the perspectives offered by radiotherapy on-a-chip in the field of translational radiobiology and precision medicine. This body of knowledge can serve both the microfluidics and radiotherapy communities by identifying potential collaboration avenues to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodin Chermat
- μFO Lab, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maryam Ziaee
- μFO Lab, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Y Mak
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elena Refet-Mollof
- μFO Lab, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Rodier
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philip Wong
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-François Carrier
- Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Radio-oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yuji Kamio
- Département de Radio-oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Gervais
- μFO Lab, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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14
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Tian J, Song X, Wang Y, Cheng M, Lu S, Xu W, Gao G, Sun L, Tang Z, Wang M, Zhang X. Regulatory perspectives of combination products. Bioact Mater 2022; 10:492-503. [PMID: 34901562 PMCID: PMC8637005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination products with a wide range of clinical applications represent a unique class of medical products that are composed of more than a singular medical device or drug/biological product. The product research and development, clinical translation as well as regulatory evaluation of combination products are complex and challenging. This review firstly introduced the origin, definition and designation of combination products. Key areas of systematic regulatory review on the safety and efficacy of device-led/supervised combination products were then presented. Preclinical and clinical evaluation of combination products was discussed. Lastly, the research prospect of regulatory science for combination products was described. New tools of computational modeling and simulation, novel technologies such as artificial intelligence, needs of developing new standards, evidence-based research methods, new approaches including the designation of innovative or breakthrough medical products have been developed and could be used to assess the safety, efficacy, quality and performance of combination products. Taken together, the fast development of combination products with great potentials in healthcare provides new opportunities for the advancement of regulatory review as well as regulatory science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Tian
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Song
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices & NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Maobo Cheng
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Guobiao Gao
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonglan Tang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices & NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices & NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices & NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Nadine S, Chung A, Diltemiz SE, Yasuda B, Lee C, Hosseini V, Karamikamkar S, de Barros NR, Mandal K, Advani S, Zamanian BB, Mecwan M, Zhu Y, Mofidfar M, Zare MR, Mano J, Dokmeci MR, Alambeigi F, Ahadian S. Advances in microfabrication technologies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Artif Organs 2022; 46:E211-E243. [PMID: 35349178 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineering provides various strategies to fabricate an appropriate microenvironment to support the repair and regeneration of lost or damaged tissues. In this matter, several technologies have been implemented to construct close-to-native three-dimensional structures at numerous physiological scales, which are essential to confer the functional characteristics of living tissues. METHODS In this article, we review a variety of microfabrication technologies that are currently utilized for several tissue engineering applications, such as soft lithography, microneedles, templated and self-assembly of microstructures, microfluidics, fiber spinning, and bioprinting. RESULTS These technologies have considerably helped us to precisely manipulate cells or cellular constructs for the fabrication of biomimetic tissues and organs. Although currently available tissues still lack some crucial functionalities, including vascular networks, innervation, and lymphatic system, microfabrication strategies are being proposed to overcome these issues. Moreover, the microfabrication techniques that have progressed to the preclinical stage are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS This article aims to highlight the advantages and drawbacks of each technique and areas of further research for a more comprehensive and evolving understanding of microfabrication techniques in terms of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nadine
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA.,CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ada Chung
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Brooke Yasuda
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Charles Lee
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Station 1, Lawrence, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Solmaz Karamikamkar
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Kalpana Mandal
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shailesh Advani
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Marvin Mecwan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Mofidfar
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | - João Mano
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Farshid Alambeigi
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
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16
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Biomedical Microelectromechanical System for Molecular, Cellular, and Organ Study. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9374-7_27-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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17
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Abstract
Traditional in vitro models can replicate many essential features of drug transport/permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) but are not entirely projecting in vivo central nervous system (CNS) uptake. Species differences fail to translate experimental therapeutics from the research laboratory to the clinic. Improved in vitro modeling of human BBB is vital for both CNS drug discovery and delivery. High-end human BBB models fabricated by microfluidic technologies offer some solutions to this problem. BBB's complex physiological microenvironment has been established by increasing device complexity in terms of multiple cells, dynamic conditions, and 3D designs. It is now possible to predict the therapeutic effects of a candidate drug and identify new druggable targets by studying multicellular interactions using the advanced in vitro BBB models. This chapter reviews the current as well as an ideal in vitro model of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Raut
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Aditya Bhalerao
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Behnam Noorani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA.
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18
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DePalma TJ, Sivakumar H, Skardal A. Strategies for developing complex multi-component in vitro tumor models: Highlights in glioblastoma. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114067. [PMID: 34822927 PMCID: PMC10560581 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many research groups have begun to utilize bioengineered in vitro models of cancer to study mechanisms of disease progression, test drug candidates, and develop platforms to advance personalized drug treatment options. Due to advances in cell and tissue engineering over the last few decades, there are now a myriad of tools that can be used to create such in vitro systems. In this review, we describe the considerations one must take when developing model systems that accurately mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment (TME) and can be used to answer specific scientific questions. We will summarize the importance of cell sourcing in models with one or multiple cell types and outline the importance of choosing biomaterials that accurately mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tumor or tissue that is being modeled. We then provide examples of how these two components can be used in concert in a variety of model form factors and conclude by discussing how biofabrication techniques such as bioprinting and organ-on-a-chip fabrication can be used to create highly reproducible complex in vitro models. Since this topic has a broad range of applications, we use the final section of the review to dive deeper into one type of cancer, glioblastoma, to illustrate how these components come together to further our knowledge of cancer biology and move us closer to developing novel drugs and systems that improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J DePalma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hemamylammal Sivakumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aleksander Skardal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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19
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Yu P, Duan Z, Liu S, Pachon I, Ma J, Hemstreet GP, Zhang Y. Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity Assessment in 3D Cellular Models. MICROMACHINES 2021; 13:mi13010003. [PMID: 35056167 PMCID: PMC8780064 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The kidneys are often involved in adverse effects and toxicity caused by exposure to foreign compounds, chemicals, and drugs. Early predictions of these influences are essential to facilitate new, safe drugs to enter the market. However, in current drug treatments, drug-induced nephrotoxicity accounts for 1/4 of reported serious adverse reactions, and 1/3 of them are attributable to antibiotics. Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is driven by multiple mechanisms, including altered glomerular hemodynamics, renal tubular cytotoxicity, inflammation, crystal nephropathy, and thrombotic microangiopathy. Although the functional proteins expressed by renal tubules that mediate drug sensitivity are well known, current in vitro 2D cell models do not faithfully replicate the morphology and intact renal tubule function, and therefore, they do not replicate in vivo nephrotoxicity. The kidney is delicate and complex, consisting of a filter unit and a tubular part, which together contain more than 20 different cell types. The tubular epithelium is highly polarized, and maintaining cellular polarity is essential for the optimal function and response to environmental signals. Cell polarity depends on the communication between cells, including paracrine and autocrine signals, as well as biomechanical and chemotaxis processes. These processes affect kidney cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. For drug disposal research, the microenvironment is essential for predicting toxic reactions. This article reviews the mechanism of drug-induced kidney injury, the types of nephrotoxicity models (in vivo and in vitro models), and the research progress related to drug-induced nephrotoxicity in three-dimensional (3D) cellular culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yu
- Difficult & Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (P.Y.); (Z.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Difficult & Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (P.Y.); (Z.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Difficult & Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (P.Y.); (Z.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ivan Pachon
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Jianxing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | | | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-713-1189
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20
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Tajeddin A, Mustafaoglu N. Design and Fabrication of Organ-on-Chips: Promises and Challenges. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1443. [PMID: 34945293 PMCID: PMC8707724 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The advent of the miniaturization approach has influenced the research trends in almost all disciplines. Bioengineering is one of the fields benefiting from the new possibilities of microfabrication techniques, especially in cell and tissue culture, disease modeling, and drug discovery. The limitations of existing 2D cell culture techniques, the high time and cost requirements, and the considerable failure rates have led to the idea of 3D cell culture environments capable of providing physiologically relevant tissue functions in vitro. Organ-on-chips are microfluidic devices used in this context as a potential alternative to in vivo animal testing to reduce the cost and time required for drug evaluation. This emerging technology contributes significantly to the development of various research areas, including, but not limited to, tissue engineering and drug discovery. However, it also brings many challenges. Further development of the technology requires interdisciplinary studies as some problems are associated with the materials and their manufacturing techniques. Therefore, in this paper, organ-on-chip technologies are presented, focusing on the design and fabrication requirements. Then, state-of-the-art materials and microfabrication techniques are described in detail to show their advantages and also their limitations. A comparison and identification of gaps for current use and further studies are therefore the subject of the final discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tajeddin
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34596, Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Nur Mustafaoglu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34596, Istanbul, Turkey;
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Tuzla 34596, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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Three-Dimensional Culture Systems for Dissecting Notch Signalling in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212473. [PMID: 34830355 PMCID: PMC8618738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems opened up new horizons in studying the biology of tissues and organs, modelling various diseases, and screening drugs. Producing accurate in vitro models increases the possibilities for studying molecular control of cell–cell and cell–microenvironment interactions in detail. The Notch signalling is linked to cell fate determination, tissue definition, and maintenance in both physiological and pathological conditions. Hence, 3D cultures provide new accessible platforms for studying activation and modulation of the Notch pathway. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in different 3D culture systems, including spheroids, organoids, and “organ-on-a-chip” models, and their use in analysing the crucial role of Notch signalling in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, pathology, and regeneration.
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22
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Carvalho V, Rodrigues RO, Lima RA, Teixeira S. Computational Simulations in Advanced Microfluidic Devices: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12101149. [PMID: 34683199 PMCID: PMC8539624 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerical simulations have revolutionized research in several engineering areas by contributing to the understanding and improvement of several processes, being biomedical engineering one of them. Due to their potential, computational tools have gained visibility and have been increasingly used by several research groups as a supporting tool for the development of preclinical platforms as they allow studying, in a more detailed and faster way, phenomena that are difficult to study experimentally due to the complexity of biological processes present in these models—namely, heat transfer, shear stresses, diffusion processes, velocity fields, etc. There are several contributions already in the literature, and significant advances have been made in this field of research. This review provides the most recent progress in numerical studies on advanced microfluidic devices, such as organ-on-a-chip (OoC) devices, and how these studies can be helpful in enhancing our insight into the physical processes involved and in developing more effective OoC platforms. In general, it has been noticed that in some cases, the numerical studies performed have limitations that need to be improved, and in the majority of the studies, it is extremely difficult to replicate the data due to the lack of detail around the simulations carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Carvalho
- MEtRICs, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ALGORITMI, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Raquel O. Rodrigues
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Rui A. Lima
- MEtRICs, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
- CEFT, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Senhorinha Teixeira
- ALGORITMI, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
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23
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Chen G. Journal of Materials Chemistry B and Biomaterials Science Editor's choice web collection: "Recent advances in microfluidics". J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3606-3607. [PMID: 33870389 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb90057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Guoping Chen introduces a Journal of Materials Chemistry B and Biomaterials Science Editor's choice web collection on recent advances in microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Chen
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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24
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Gähwiler EKN, Motta SE, Martin M, Nugraha B, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY. Human iPSCs and Genome Editing Technologies for Precision Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639699. [PMID: 34262897 PMCID: PMC8273765 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) originate from the reprogramming of adult somatic cells using four Yamanaka transcription factors. Since their discovery, the stem cell (SC) field achieved significant milestones and opened several gateways in the area of disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. In parallel, the emergence of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) revolutionized the field of genome engineering, allowing the generation of genetically modified cell lines and achieving a precise genome recombination or random insertions/deletions, usefully translated for wider applications. Cardiovascular diseases represent a constantly increasing societal concern, with limited understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. The ability of iPSCs to differentiate into multiple cell types combined with CRISPR-Cas9 technology could enable the systematic investigation of pathophysiological mechanisms or drug screening for potential therapeutics. Furthermore, these technologies can provide a cellular platform for cardiovascular tissue engineering (TE) approaches by modulating the expression or inhibition of targeted proteins, thereby creating the possibility to engineer new cell lines and/or fine-tune biomimetic scaffolds. This review will focus on the application of iPSCs, CRISPR-Cas9, and a combination thereof to the field of cardiovascular TE. In particular, the clinical translatability of such technologies will be discussed ranging from disease modeling to drug screening and TE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K. N. Gähwiler
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E. Motta
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Martin
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Bramasta Nugraha
- Molecular Parasitology Lab, Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Staicu CE, Jipa F, Axente E, Radu M, Radu BM, Sima F. Lab-on-a-Chip Platforms as Tools for Drug Screening in Neuropathologies Associated with Blood-Brain Barrier Alterations. Biomolecules 2021; 11:916. [PMID: 34205550 PMCID: PMC8235582 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and organ-on-a-chip (OOC) devices are highly versatile platforms that enable miniaturization and advanced controlled laboratory functions (i.e., microfluidics, advanced optical or electrical recordings, high-throughput screening). The manufacturing advancements of LOCs/OOCs for biomedical applications and their current limitations are briefly discussed. Multiple studies have exploited the advantages of mimicking organs or tissues on a chip. Among these, we focused our attention on the brain-on-a-chip, blood-brain barrier (BBB)-on-a-chip, and neurovascular unit (NVU)-on-a-chip applications. Mainly, we review the latest developments of brain-on-a-chip, BBB-on-a-chip, and NVU-on-a-chip devices and their use as testing platforms for high-throughput pharmacological screening. In particular, we analyze the most important contributions of these studies in the field of neurodegenerative diseases and their relevance in translational personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Elena Staicu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
- Center for Advanced Laser Technologies, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Măgurele, Romania; (F.J.); (E.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Florin Jipa
- Center for Advanced Laser Technologies, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Măgurele, Romania; (F.J.); (E.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Emanuel Axente
- Center for Advanced Laser Technologies, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Măgurele, Romania; (F.J.); (E.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Mihai Radu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, ‘Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Măgurele, Romania;
| | - Beatrice Mihaela Radu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Felix Sima
- Center for Advanced Laser Technologies, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Măgurele, Romania; (F.J.); (E.A.); (F.S.)
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26
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Cascarano P, Comes MC, Mencattini A, Parrini MC, Piccolomini EL, Martinelli E. Recursive Deep Prior Video: A super resolution algorithm for time-lapse microscopy of organ-on-chip experiments. Med Image Anal 2021; 72:102124. [PMID: 34157611 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2021.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Biological experiments based on organ-on-chips (OOCs) exploit light Time-Lapse Microscopy (TLM) for a direct observation of cell movement that is an observable signature of underlying biological processes. A high spatial resolution is essential to capture cell dynamics and interactions from recorded experiments by TLM. Unfortunately, due to physical and cost limitations, acquiring high resolution videos is not always possible. To overcome the problem, we present here a new deep learning-based algorithm that extends the well-known Deep Image Prior (DIP) to TLM Video Super Resolution without requiring any training. The proposed Recursive Deep Prior Video method introduces some novelties. The weights of the DIP network architecture are initialized for each of the frames according to a new recursive updating rule combined with an efficient early stopping criterion. Moreover, the DIP loss function is penalized by two different Total Variation-based terms. The method has been validated on synthetic, i.e., artificially generated, as well as real videos from OOC experiments related to tumor-immune interaction. The achieved results are compared with several state-of-the-art trained deep learning Super Resolution algorithms showing outstanding performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Cascarano
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 5, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Maria Colomba Comes
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy; Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Arianna Mencattini
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy; Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Parrini
- Institute Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Elena Loli Piccolomini
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mura Anteo Zamboni 7, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Eugenio Martinelli
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy; Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
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27
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Wang L, Wu J, Chen J, Dou W, Zhao Q, Han J, Liu J, Su W, Li A, Liu P, An Z, Xu C, Sun Y. Advances in reconstructing intestinal functionalities in vitro: From two/three dimensional-cell culture platforms to human intestine-on-a-chip. Talanta 2021; 226:122097. [PMID: 33676654 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Standard two/three dimensional (2D/3D)-cell culture platforms have facilitated the understanding of the communications between various cell types and their microenvironments. However, they are still limited in recapitulating the complex functionalities in vivo, such as tissue formation, tissue-tissue interface, and mechanical/biochemical microenvironments of tissues and organs. Intestine-on-a-chip platforms offer a new way to mimic intestinal behaviors and functionalities by constructing in vitro intestinal models in microfluidic devices. This review summarizes the advances and limitations of the state-of-the-art 2D/3D-cell culture platforms, animal models, intestine chips, and the combined multi-organ chips related with intestines. Their applications to studying intestinal functions, drug testing, and disease modeling are introduced. Different intestinal cell sources are compared in terms of gene expression abilities and the recapitulated intestinal morphologies. Among these cells, cells isolated form human intestinal tissues and derived from pluripotent stem cells appear to be more suitable for in vitro reconstruction of intestinal organs. Key challenges of current intestine-on-a-chip platforms and future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China.
| | - Wenkun Dou
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Rd, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Qili Zhao
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System (IRAIS) and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotic (tjKLIR), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Junlei Han
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Weiguang Su
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Anqing Li
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Pengbo Liu
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Zhao An
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chonghai Xu
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Rd, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
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Hargrove-Grimes P, Low LA, Tagle DA. Microphysiological systems: What it takes for community adoption. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1435-1446. [PMID: 33899539 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211008872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS) are promising in vitro tools which could substantially improve the drug development process, particularly for underserved patient populations such as those with rare diseases, neural disorders, and diseases impacting pediatric populations. Currently, one of the major goals of the National Institutes of Health MPS program, led by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), is to demonstrate the utility of this emerging technology and help support the path to community adoption. However, community adoption of MPS technology has been hindered by a variety of factors including biological and technological challenges in device creation, issues with validation and standardization of MPS technology, and potential complications related to commercialization. In this brief Minireview, we offer an NCATS perspective on what current barriers exist to MPS adoption and provide an outlook on the future path to adoption of these in vitro tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passley Hargrove-Grimes
- 390834National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lucie A Low
- 390834National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Danilo A Tagle
- 390834National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Rothbauer M, Bachmann BE, Eilenberger C, Kratz SR, Spitz S, Höll G, Ertl P. A Decade of Organs-on-a-Chip Emulating Human Physiology at the Microscale: A Critical Status Report on Progress in Toxicology and Pharmacology. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:470. [PMID: 33919242 PMCID: PMC8143089 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip technology has the potential to accelerate pharmaceutical drug development, improve the clinical translation of basic research, and provide personalized intervention strategies. In the last decade, big pharma has engaged in many academic research cooperations to develop organ-on-a-chip systems for future drug discoveries. Although most organ-on-a-chip systems present proof-of-concept studies, miniaturized organ systems still need to demonstrate translational relevance and predictive power in clinical and pharmaceutical settings. This review explores whether microfluidic technology succeeded in paving the way for developing physiologically relevant human in vitro models for pharmacology and toxicology in biomedical research within the last decade. Individual organ-on-a-chip systems are discussed, focusing on relevant applications and highlighting their ability to tackle current challenges in pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.E.M.B.); (C.E.); (S.R.A.K.); (S.S.); (G.H.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-22, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara E.M. Bachmann
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.E.M.B.); (C.E.); (S.R.A.K.); (S.S.); (G.H.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Eilenberger
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.E.M.B.); (C.E.); (S.R.A.K.); (S.S.); (G.H.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian R.A. Kratz
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.E.M.B.); (C.E.); (S.R.A.K.); (S.S.); (G.H.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Drug Delivery and 3R-Models Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences & Institute for Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University Frankfurt Am Main, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.E.M.B.); (C.E.); (S.R.A.K.); (S.S.); (G.H.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Höll
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.E.M.B.); (C.E.); (S.R.A.K.); (S.S.); (G.H.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.E.M.B.); (C.E.); (S.R.A.K.); (S.S.); (G.H.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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Lee J, Mehrotra S, Zare-Eelanjegh E, Rodrigues RO, Akbarinejad A, Ge D, Amato L, Kiaee K, Fang Y, Rosenkranz A, Keung W, Mandal BB, Li RA, Zhang T, Lee H, Dokmeci MR, Zhang YS, Khademhosseini A, Shin SR. A Heart-Breast Cancer-on-a-Chip Platform for Disease Modeling and Monitoring of Cardiotoxicity Induced by Cancer Chemotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004258. [PMID: 33094918 PMCID: PMC8049959 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is one of the most serious side effects of cancer chemotherapy. Current approaches to monitoring of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity (CIC) as well as model systems that develop in vivo or in vitro CIC platforms fail to notice early signs of CIC. Moreover, breast cancer (BC) patients with preexisting cardiac dysfunctions may lead to different incident levels of CIC. Here, a model is presented for investigating CIC where not only induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiac tissues are interacted with BC tissues on a dual-organ platform, but electrochemical immuno-aptasensors can also monitor cell-secreted multiple biomarkers. Fibrotic stages of iPSC-derived cardiac tissues are promoted with a supplement of transforming growth factor-β 1 to assess the differential functionality in healthy and fibrotic cardiac tissues after treatment with doxorubicin (DOX). The production trend of biomarkers evaluated by using the immuno-aptasensors well-matches the outcomes from conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, demonstrating the accuracy of the authors' sensing platform with much higher sensitivity and lower detection limits for early monitoring of CIC and BC progression. Furthermore, the versatility of this platform is demonstrated by applying a nanoparticle-based DOX-delivery system. The proposed platform would potentially help allow early detection and prediction of CIC in individual patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Lee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Shreya Mehrotra
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Elaheh Zare-Eelanjegh
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Raquel O Rodrigues
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal
| | - Alireza Akbarinejad
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-175, Iran
| | - David Ge
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Luca Amato
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kiavash Kiaee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - YongCong Fang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Aliza Rosenkranz
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Wendy Keung
- Dr. Li Dak Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Ronald A Li
- Dr. Li Dak Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ting Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - HeaYeon Lee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- MARA Nanotech New York, inc., New York, NY, 10031-9101, USA
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Terrell JA, Jones CG, Kabandana GKM, Chen C. From cells-on-a-chip to organs-on-a-chip: scaffolding materials for 3D cell culture in microfluidics. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:6667-6685. [PMID: 32567628 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00718h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is an emerging research area to integrate scaffolding materials in microfluidic devices for 3D cell culture (organs-on-a-chip). The technology of organs-on-a-chip holds the potential to obviate the gaps between pre-clinical and clinical studies. As accumulating evidence shows the importance of extracellular matrix in in vitro cell culture, significant efforts have been made to integrate 3D ECM/scaffolding materials in microfluidics. There are two families of materials that are commonly used for this purpose: hydrogels and electrospun fibers. In this review, we briefly discuss the properties of the materials, and focus on the various technologies to obtain the materials (e.g. extraction of collagen from animal tissues) and to include the materials in microfluidic devices. Challenges and potential solutions of the current materials and technologies were also thoroughly discussed. At the end, we provide a perspective on future efforts to make these technologies more translational to broadly benefit pharmaceutical and pathophysiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Terrell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 21250, MD, USA.
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32
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De Vitis E, La Pesa V, Gervaso F, Romano A, Quattrini A, Gigli G, Moroni L, Polini A. A microfabricated multi-compartment device for neuron and Schwann cell differentiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7019. [PMID: 33782434 PMCID: PMC8007719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the complex communication between different cell populations and their interaction with the microenvironment in the central and peripheral nervous systems is fundamental in neuroscience research. The development of appropriate in vitro approaches and tools, able to selectively analyze and/or probe specific cells and cell portions (e.g., axons and cell bodies in neurons), driving their differentiation into specific cell phenotypes, has become therefore crucial in this direction. Here we report a multi-compartment microfluidic device where up to three different cell populations can be cultured in a fluidically independent circuit. The device allows cell migration across the compartments and their differentiation. We showed that an accurate choice of the device geometrical features and cell culture parameters allows to (1) maximize cell adhesion and proliferation of neuron-like human cells (SH-SY5Y cells), (2) control the inter-compartment cell migration of neuron and Schwann cells, (3) perform long-term cell culture studies in which both SH-SY5Y cells and primary rat Schwann cells can be differentiated towards specific phenotypes. These results can lead to a plethora of in vitro co-culture studies in the neuroscience research field, where tuning and investigating cell-cell and cell-microenvironment interactions are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora De Vitis
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. de Giorgi, Università Del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Velia La Pesa
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Gervaso
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Romano
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. de Giorgi, Università Del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Polini
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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Inbody SC, Sinquefield BE, Lewis JP, Horton RE. Biomimetic microsystems for cardiovascular studies. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C850-C872. [PMID: 33760660 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00026.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditional tissue culture platforms have been around for several decades and have enabled key findings in the cardiovascular field. However, these platforms failed to recreate the mechanical and dynamic features found within the body. Organs-on-chips (OOCs) are cellularized microfluidic-based devices that can mimic the basic structure, function, and responses of organs. These systems have been successfully utilized in disease, development, and drug studies. OOCs are designed to recapitulate the mechanical, electrical, chemical, and structural features of the in vivo microenvironment. Here, we review cardiovascular-themed OOC studies, design considerations, and techniques used to generate these cellularized devices. Furthermore, we will highlight the advantages of OOC models over traditional cell culture vessels, discuss implementation challenges, and provide perspectives on the state of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby C Inbody
- Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Bridgett E Sinquefield
- Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Joshua P Lewis
- Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Renita E Horton
- Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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34
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Santos Rosalem G, Gonzáles Torres LA, de Las Casas EB, Mathias FAS, Ruiz JC, Carvalho MGR. Microfluidics and organ-on-a-chip technologies: A systematic review of the methods used to mimic bone marrow. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243840. [PMID: 33306749 PMCID: PMC7732112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is an organ responsible for crucial processes in living organs, e. g., hematopoiesis. In recent years, Organ-on-a-Chip (OoC) devices have been used to satisfy the need for in vitro systems that better mimic the phenomena occurring in the BM microenvironment. Given the growing interest in these systems and the diversity of developed devices, an integrative systematic literature review is required. We have performed this review, following the PRISMA method aiming to identify the main characteristics and assess the effectiveness of the devices that were developed to represent the BM. A search was performed in the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct databases using the keywords (("bone marrow" OR "hematopoietic stem cells" OR "haematopoietic stem cells") AND ("organ in a" OR "lab on a chip" OR "microfluidic" OR "microfluidic*" OR ("bioreactor" AND "microfluidic*"))). Original research articles published between 2009 and 2020 were included in the review, giving a total of 21 papers. The analysis of these papers showed that their main purpose was to study BM cells biology, mimic BM niches, model pathological BM, and run drug assays. Regarding the fabrication protocols, we have observed that polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material and soft lithography method were the most commonly used. To reproduce the microenvironment of BM, most devices used the type I collagen and alginate. Peristaltic and syringe pumps were mostly used for device perfusion. Regarding the advantages compared to conventional methods, there were identified three groups of OoC devices: perfused 3D BM; co-cultured 3D BM; and perfused co-cultured 3D BM. Cellular behavior and mimicking their processes and responses were the mostly commonly studied parameters. The results have demonstrated the effectiveness of OoC devices for research purposes compared to conventional cell cultures. Furthermore, the devices have a wide range of applicability and the potential to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Santos Rosalem
- Mechanical Engineering Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jeronimo Conceição Ruiz
- Biosystems and Genomics Group, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Computational and Systems Biology of the Institute Oswaldo Cruz (PGBCS/IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lohse S, Wasmer MS, Reydon TAC. Integrating Philosophy of Science into Research on Ethical, Legal and Social Issues in the Life Sciences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1162/posc_a_00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This paper argues that research on normative issues in the life sciences will benefit from a tighter integration of philosophy of science. We examine research on ethical, legal and social issues in the life sciences (“ELSI”) and discuss three illustrative examples of normative issues that arise in different areas of the life sciences. These examples show that important normative questions are highly dependent on epistemic issues which so far have not been addressed sufficiently in ELSI, RRI and related areas of research. Accordingly, we argue for the integration of research on the epistemic aspects of the relevant areas of science into ELSI research to provide a better basis for addressing normative questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lohse
- Centre for Ethics and Law in the Life Sciences (CELLS) and the Institute of Philosophy, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin S. Wasmer
- Centre for Ethics and Law in the Life Sciences (CELLS) and the Institute of Philosophy, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas A. C. Reydon
- Centre for Ethics and Law in the Life Sciences (CELLS) and the Institute of Philosophy, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
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36
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Development of a pancreas-liver organ-on-chip coculture model for organ-to-organ interaction studies. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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37
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Quan Y, Sun M, Tan Z, Eijkel JCT, van den Berg A, van der Meer A, Xie Y. Organ-on-a-chip: the next generation platform for risk assessment of radiobiology. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39521-39530. [PMID: 35515392 PMCID: PMC9057494 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05173j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip devices have been widely used in biomedical science and technology, for example for experimental regenerative medicine and precision healthcare. The main advantage of organ-on-a-chip technology is the facility to build a specific human model that has functional responses on the level of organs or tissues, thereby avoiding the use of animal models, as well as greatly improving new drug discovery processes for personal healthcare. An emerging application domain for organs-on-chips is the study of internal irradiation for humans, which faces the challenges of the lack of a clear model for risk estimation of internal irradiation. We believe that radiobiology studies will benefit from organ-on-a-chip technology by building specific human organ/tissues in vitro. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the state-of-the-art in organ-on-a-chip research in different domains, and conclude with the challenges of radiobiology studies at internal low-dose irradiation. Organ-on-a-chip technology has the potential to significantly improve the radiobiology study as it can mimic the function of human organs or tissues, and here we summarize its potential benefits and possible breakthrough areas, as well as its limitations in internal low-dose radiation studies. Organ-on-a-chip technology has great potential for the next generation risk estimation of low dose internal irradiation, due to its success in mimicking human organs/tissues, which possibly can significantly improve on current animal models.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Quan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang Sichuan 621000 China
| | - Miao Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Nanofluidics and Interfaces, School of Physical and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Zhaoyi Tan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang Sichuan 621000 China
| | - Jan C T Eijkel
- BIOS, Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institution for Nanotechnology, University of Twente 7522 NB Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS, Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institution for Nanotechnology, University of Twente 7522 NB Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Andries van der Meer
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente 7522 NB Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Yanbo Xie
- Joint Laboratory of Nanofluidics and Interfaces, School of Physical and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
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Afflerbach AK, Kiri MD, Detinis T, Maoz BM. Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Promising Cell Source for Integration in Novel In Vitro Models. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1306. [PMID: 32927777 PMCID: PMC7565384 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human-relevance of an in vitro model is dependent on two main factors-(i) an appropriate human cell source and (ii) a modeling platform that recapitulates human in vivo conditions. Recent years have brought substantial advancements in both these aspects. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising cell source, as these cells can differentiate into multiple cell types, yet do not raise the ethical and practical concerns associated with other types of stem cells. In turn, advanced bioengineered in vitro models such as microfluidics, Organs-on-a-Chip, scaffolds, bioprinting and organoids are bringing researchers ever closer to mimicking complex in vivo environments, thereby overcoming some of the limitations of traditional 2D cell cultures. This review covers each of these advancements separately and discusses how the integration of MSCs into novel in vitro platforms may contribute enormously to clinical and fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Afflerbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark D. Kiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
| | - Tahir Detinis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
| | - Ben M. Maoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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3D-bioprinted all-inclusive bioanalytical platforms for cell studies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14669. [PMID: 32887912 PMCID: PMC7474064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovative drug screening platforms should improve the discovery of novel and personalized cancer treatment. Common models such as animals and 2D cell cultures lack the proper recapitulation of organ structure and environment. Thus, a new generation of platforms must consist of cell models that accurately mimic the cells’ microenvironment, along with flexibly prototyped cell handling structures that represent the human environment. Here, we adapted the 3D-bioprinting technology to develop multiple all-inclusive high throughputs and customized organ-on-a-chip-like platforms along with printed 3D-cell structures. Such platforms are potentially capable of performing 3D cell model analysis and cell-therapeutic response studies. We illustrated spherical and rectangular geometries of bio-printed 3D human colon cancer cell constructs. We also demonstrated the utility of directly 3D-bioprinting and rapidly prototyping of PDMS-based microfluidic cell handling arrays in different geometries. Besides, we successfully monitored the post-viability of the 3D-cell constructs for seven days. Furthermore, to mimic the human environment more closely, we integrated a 3D-bioprinted perfused drug screening microfluidics platform. Platform’s channels subject cell constructs to physiological fluid flow, while its concave well array hold and perfused 3D-cell constructs. The bio-applicability of PDMS-based arrays was also demonstrated by performing cancer cell-therapeutic response studies.
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Nascimento-Gonçalves E, Ferreira R, Oliveira PA, Colaço BJA. An Overview of Current Alternative Models for Use in the Context of Prostate Cancer Research. Altern Lab Anim 2020; 48:58-69. [PMID: 32614643 DOI: 10.1177/0261192920929701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, particularly in elderly populations. To mitigate the expected increase in prostate cancer-related morbidity and mortality as a result of an expanding aged population, safer and more effective therapeutics are required. To this end, plenty of research is focusing on the mechanisms underlying cancer initiation and development, the metastatic process and on the discovery of new therapies. While animal models are used (mainly rats and mice) for the study of prostate cancer, alternative models and methods are increasingly being considered to replace, or at least reduce, the number of animals used in this particular field of research. In this review, we cover some of the alternative models that are currently available for use in the study of prostate cancer, including: mathematical models; 2-D and 3-D cell cultures; microfluidic devices; the chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane-based model; and zebrafish embryo-based models. The main advantages and limitations, as well as some examples of applications, are given for each type of model. According to our analysis, immortalised cell lines are still the most commonly used models in the field of prostate cancer research. However, the use of alternative models for prostate cancer research will likely become more prevalent in the coming years partly because of the increasing societal pressure to reduce the numbers of laboratory animals. In this context, the development and dissemination of effective non-animal alternative models assumes particular relevance and will be instrumental in leveraging their success. Taking these perspectives into account, we believe that technological advances will lead to more effective cell culture systems, namely 3-D cultures or organ-on-a-chip devices, which can be used to replace animal-based models in prostate cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Nascimento-Gonçalves
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, 386361University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, 56066University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Foodstuffs (QOPNA/LAQV), Department of Chemistry, 56062University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Foodstuffs (QOPNA/LAQV), Department of Chemistry, 56062University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, 386361University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, 56066University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Jorge Antunes Colaço
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, 56066University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Zootechnics, 56066University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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Azizipour N, Avazpour R, Rosenzweig DH, Sawan M, Ajji A. Evolution of Biochip Technology: A Review from Lab-on-a-Chip to Organ-on-a-Chip. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E599. [PMID: 32570945 PMCID: PMC7345732 DOI: 10.3390/mi11060599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Following the advancements in microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technologies, a novel biomedical application for microfluidic based devices has emerged in recent years and microengineered cell culture platforms have been created. These micro-devices, known as organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms mimic the in vivo like microenvironment of living organs and offer more physiologically relevant in vitro models of human organs. Consequently, the concept of OOC has gained great attention from researchers in the field worldwide to offer powerful tools for biomedical researches including disease modeling, drug development, etc. This review highlights the background of biochip development. Herein, we focus on applications of LOC devices as a versatile tool for POC applications. We also review current progress in OOC platforms towards body-on-a-chip, and we provide concluding remarks and future perspectives for OOC platforms for POC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Azizipour
- Institut de Génie Biomédical, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada;
| | - Rahi Avazpour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada;
| | - Derek H. Rosenzweig
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada;
- Injury, Repair and Recovery Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3H 2R9, Canada
| | - Mohamad Sawan
- Polystim Neurotech Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- CenBRAIN Laboratory, School of Engineering, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Abdellah Ajji
- Institut de Génie Biomédical, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada;
- NSERC-Industry Chair, CREPEC, Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
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Zhao Z, Vizetto-Duarte C, Moay ZK, Setyawati MI, Rakshit M, Kathawala MH, Ng KW. Composite Hydrogels in Three-Dimensional in vitro Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:611. [PMID: 32656197 PMCID: PMC7325910 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
3-dimensional (3D) in vitro models were developed in order to mimic the complexity of real organ/tissue in a dish. They offer new possibilities to model biological processes in more physiologically relevant ways which can be applied to a myriad of applications including drug development, toxicity screening and regenerative medicine. Hydrogels are the most relevant tissue-like matrices to support the development of 3D in vitro models since they are in many ways akin to the native extracellular matrix (ECM). For the purpose of further improving matrix relevance or to impart specific functionalities, composite hydrogels have attracted increasing attention. These could incorporate drugs to control cell fates, additional ECM elements to improve mechanical properties, biomolecules to improve biological activities or any combinations of the above. In this Review, recent developments in using composite hydrogels laden with cells as biomimetic tissue- or organ-like constructs, and as matrices for multi-cell type organoid cultures are highlighted. The latest composite hydrogel systems that contain nanomaterials, biological factors, and combinations of biopolymers (e.g., proteins and polysaccharide), such as Interpenetrating Networks (IPNs) and Soft Network Composites (SNCs) are also presented. While promising, challenges remain. These will be discussed in light of future perspectives toward encompassing diverse composite hydrogel platforms for an improved organ environment in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Catarina Vizetto-Duarte
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zi Kuang Moay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Moumita Rakshit
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kee Woei Ng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry & Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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43
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Water-in-oil microcompartments for the study of biomimetic drug metabolism. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 569:378-385. [PMID: 32126350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microcompartments in the form of water-in-oil droplets have been utilized to construct artificial cells and simulate human body environment. However, the performance of subcellular structure involved metabolism in emulsion droplets has not been explored, and the underlying mechanism is still being elucidated. In this work, drug metabolism is presented on the basis of great amounts of microcompartments formed of picoliter-volume droplets with different radius (R), using a commercial four-way valve as a droplet generator. A model substrate, phenacetin, and its metabolite, paracetamol, are quantitatively analyzed by liquid-chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and the reaction kinetics is characterized. In microdroplets of varying size (R = 18, 27, 42, and 51 μm, respectively), both conversion ratio and reaction rate constant of the metabolism are influenced in different degree. For instance, the substrate conversion ratio after 60 min of incubation in R = 27 μm droplets improves from 15% to 42%, and the reaction rate constant improves nearly five-fold, compared to that in bulk phase. The influence of microcompartment size on metabolism rate is further explored by simulation using a diffusion-reaction model. The droplet-based strategy is rapid, accurate and cost-efficient, fitting especially into biomimetic metabolism studies.
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Rajan SAP, Aleman J, Wan M, Pourhabibi Zarandi N, Nzou G, Murphy S, Bishop CE, Sadri-Ardekani H, Shupe T, Atala A, Hall AR, Skardal A. Probing prodrug metabolism and reciprocal toxicity with an integrated and humanized multi-tissue organ-on-a-chip platform. Acta Biomater 2020; 106:124-135. [PMID: 32068138 PMCID: PMC11083435 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current drug development techniques are expensive and inefficient, partially due to the use of preclinical models that do not accurately recapitulate in vivo drug efficacy and cytotoxicity. To address this challenge, we report on an integrated, in vitro multi-organoid system that enables parallel assessment of drug efficiency and toxicity on multiple 3D tissue organoids. Built in a low-cost, adhesive film-based microfluidic device, these miniaturized structures require less than 200 µL fluid volume and are amenable to both matrix-based 3D cell culture and spheroid aggregate integration, each supported with an in situ photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid hydrogel. Here, we demonstrate this technology first with a three-organoid device consisting of liver, cardiac, and lung constructs. We show that these multiple tissue types can be kept in common circulation with high viability for 21 days and validate the platform by investigating liver metabolism of the prodrug capecitabine into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and observing downstream toxicity in lung and cardiac organoids. Then we expand the integrated system to accommodate six humanized constructs, including liver, cardiac, lung, endothelium, brain, and testes organoids. Following a 14-day incubation in common media, we demonstrate multi-tissue interactions by metabolizing the alkylating prodrug ifosfamide in the liver organoid to produce chloroacetaldehyde and induce downstream neurotoxicity. Our results establish an expandable, multi-organoid body-on-a-chip system that can be fabricated easily and used for the accurate characterization of drug interactions in vitro. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The use of 3-dimensional (3D) in vitro models in drug development has advanced over the past decade. However, with several exceptions, the majority of research studies using 3D in vitro models, such as organoids, employ single tissue types, in isolated environments with no "communication" between different tissues. This is a significant limiting factor because in the human body there is significant signaling between different cells, tissues, and organs. Here we employ a low-cost, adhesive film-based microfluidic device approach, paired with a versatile extracellular matrix-derived hyaluronic acid hydrogel to support integrated systems of 3 and 6 3D organoid and cell constructs. Moreover, we demonstrate an integrated response to drugs, in which downstream toxicity is dependent on the presence of liver organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiny Amala Priya Rajan
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Virginia Tech -Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Julio Aleman
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - MeiMei Wan
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Nima Pourhabibi Zarandi
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Goodwell Nzou
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Sean Murphy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Colin E Bishop
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Hooman Sadri-Ardekani
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Tom Shupe
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Adam R Hall
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Virginia Tech -Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157.
| | - Aleksander Skardal
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Virginia Tech -Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Rd., Columbus, OH 43210; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210.
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Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease that requires a multimodal approach to diagnose, manage and treat. A better understanding of the disease biology can lead to identification of novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and the discovery of the novel therapeutics with the goal of improving patient outcomes. Employing advanced technologies can facilitate this, enabling better diagnostic and treatment for cancer patients. In this regard, microfluidic technology has emerged as a promising tool in the studies of cancer, including single cancer cell analysis, modeling angiogenesis and metastasis, drug screening and liquid biopsy. Microfluidic technologies have opened new ways to study tumors in the preclinical and clinical settings. In this chapter, we highlight novel application of this technology in area of fundamental, translational and clinical cancer research.
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Unprecedented Potential for Neural Drug Discovery Based on Self-Organizing hiPSC Platforms. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051150. [PMID: 32143423 PMCID: PMC7179160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have transformed conventional drug discovery pathways in recent years. In particular, recent advances in hiPSC biology, including organoid technologies, have highlighted a new potential for neural drug discovery with clear advantages over the use of primary tissues. This is important considering the financial and social burden of neurological health care worldwide, directly impacting the life expectancy of many populations. Patient-derived iPSCs-neurons are invaluable tools for novel drug-screening and precision medicine approaches directly aimed at reducing the burden imposed by the increasing prevalence of neurological disorders in an aging population. 3-Dimensional self-assembled or so-called ‘organoid’ hiPSCs cultures offer key advantages over traditional 2D ones and may well be gamechangers in the drug-discovery quest for neurological disorders in the coming years.
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Skardal A, Aleman J, Forsythe S, Rajan S, Murphy S, Devarasetty M, Pourhabibi Zarandi N, Nzou G, Wicks R, Sadri-Ardekani H, Bishop C, Soker S, Hall A, Shupe T, Atala A. Drug compound screening in single and integrated multi-organoid body-on-a-chip systems. Biofabrication 2020; 12:025017. [PMID: 32101533 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab6d36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Current practices in drug development have led to therapeutic compounds being approved for widespread use in humans, only to be later withdrawn due to unanticipated toxicity. These occurrences are largely the result of erroneous data generated by in vivo and in vitro preclinical models that do not accurately recapitulate human physiology. Herein, a human primary cell- and stem cell-derived 3D organoid technology is employed to screen a panel of drugs that were recalled from market by the FDA. The platform is comprised of multiple tissue organoid types that remain viable for at least 28 days, in vitro. For many of these compounds, the 3D organoid system was able to demonstrate toxicity. Furthermore, organoids exposed to non-toxic compounds remained viable at clinically relevant doses. Additional experiments were performed on integrated multi-organoid systems containing liver, cardiac, lung, vascular, testis, colon, and brain. These integrated systems proved to maintain viability and expressed functional biomarkers, long-term. Examples are provided that demonstrate how multi-organoid 'body-on-a-chip' systems may be used to model the interdependent metabolism and downstream effects of drugs across multiple tissues in a single platform. Such 3D in vitro systems represent a more physiologically relevant model for drug screening and will likely reduce the cost and failure rate associated with the approval of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Skardal
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, United States of America. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States of America
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Willems SBJ, Zegers J, Bunschoten A, Wagterveld RM, van Leeuwen FWB, Velders AH, Saggiomo V. COvalent monolayer patterns in Microfluidics by PLasma etching Open Technology – COMPLOT. Analyst 2020; 145:1629-1635. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02407g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Plasma microcontact patterning (PμCP) and replica molding were combined to make PDMS/glass microfluidic devices with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) patterns attached covalently on the glass surface inside microchannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan B. J. Willems
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology
- Wageningen University and Research
- 6708 WG Wageningen
- the Netherlands
- Wetsus
| | - Jaccoline Zegers
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology
- Wageningen University and Research
- 6708 WG Wageningen
- the Netherlands
| | - Anton Bunschoten
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology
- Wageningen University and Research
- 6708 WG Wageningen
- the Netherlands
- Interventional Molecular Imaging
| | - R. Martijn Wagterveld
- Wetsus
- European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology
- 8911 MA Leeuwarden
- the Netherlands
| | - Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology
- Wageningen University and Research
- 6708 WG Wageningen
- the Netherlands
- Interventional Molecular Imaging
| | - Aldrik H. Velders
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology
- Wageningen University and Research
- 6708 WG Wageningen
- the Netherlands
- Interventional Molecular Imaging
| | - Vittorio Saggiomo
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology
- Wageningen University and Research
- 6708 WG Wageningen
- the Netherlands
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50
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Akbari S, Arslan N, Senturk S, Erdal E. Next-Generation Liver Medicine Using Organoid Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:345. [PMID: 31921856 PMCID: PMC6933000 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
"Liver medicine" refers to all diagnostic and treatment strategies of diseases and conditions that cause liver failure directly or indirectly. Despite significant advances in the field of liver medicine in recent years, improved tools are needed to efficiently define the pathophysiology of liver diseases and provide effective therapeutic options to patients. Recently, organoid technology has been established as the state-of-the-art cell culture tool for studying human biology in health and disease. In general, organoids are simplified three-dimensional (3D) mini-organ structures that can be grown in a 3D matrix where the structural and functional aspects of real organs are efficiently recapitulated. The generation of organoids is facilitated by exogenous factors that regulate multiple signaling pathways and promote the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of the cells to promote spontaneous self-organization and tissue-specific organogenesis. Newly established protocols suggest that liver-specific organoids can be derived from either pluripotent stem cells or liver-specific stem/progenitor cells. Today, robust and long-term cultures of organoids with the closest physiology to in vivo liver, in terms of cellular composition and function, open a new era in studying and understanding the disease pathology as well as high-throughput drug screening. Of note, these next-generation cell culture systems have immense potential to be further improved by genome editing and bioengineering technologies to foster the development of patient-specific therapeutic options for clinical applications. Here, we will discuss recent advances and challenges in the generation of human liver organoids and highlight emerging concepts for their potential applications in liver medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nur Arslan
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, İzmir, Turkey.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Serif Senturk
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, İzmir, Turkey.,Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Erdal
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, İzmir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
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