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Selmi MA, Ceylan HI, Hammami R, Sassi RH, González-Fernández FT, Morgans R, Bragazzi NL. Repeated-sprint sets test: a new method for evaluating and forecasting fitness in elite young male soccer players. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8542. [PMID: 38609417 PMCID: PMC11014943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to explore the correlation between repeated sprint sets (RSS) ability and several physical attributes, including maximum sprint speed, maximal aerobic speed, maximal anaerobic speed, aerobic capacity, and explosive strength. Moreover, the aim was to assess the suitability of RSS as a comprehensive evaluation tool for physical qualities and to determine which physical field tests most accurately predict RSS in elite young male soccer players. A total of thirty-two young elite male soccer players (mean age 14.6 ± 0.3 years; predicted years from peak height velocity (PHV): - 0.4 ± 0.3; years in training: 3.7 ± 0.5) voluntarily participated in the study. The players participated in eight consecutive specific physical tests, with a minimum 72-h recovery between each session to minimize the impact of fatigue during the second trial. The participants completed the tests in the following order: RSS test, Vam-Eval test, a constant velocity test performed until exhaustion at 100% of vVO2max (tlim100), 20-m Multi-Stage Shuttle Run test (VMSRT), Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1), Maximal Anaerobic Shuttle Running Test (VMASRT), Maximal Sprinting Speed Test (20-m flying sprint), Countermovement Jump (CMJ), and Standing Long Jump test (SLJ). The results of the study showed that there were very large negative correlations between tlim100 and SST (sum of sprint times), and large negative correlations between Yo-Yo IR1, Vam-Eval, and SST during RSS in young elite male soccer players (p < 0.05). Additionally, VMASRT and SLJ demonstrated a moderate negative correlation with SST (p < 0.05). In contrast, significant positive correlations were found between 20-m flying sprint and the SST (p < 0.05). According to the stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, the primary predictors of SST, ranked by importance, were tlim100 and Yo-Yo IR1. These two predictors collectively accounted for 72% of the variance in players' SST (p < 0.0001). Due to the importance of aerobic capacity and short repeated accelerations/sprint sets for overall competitive performance in soccer, in conclusion, our results suggest that elite young male soccer players should perform both high intensity interval training and aeorobic capactity exercises as part of soccer training if the primary outcome is to improve repeated sprint ability performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amin Selmi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Halil Ibrahim Ceylan
- Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department, Kazim Karabekir Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Raouf Hammami
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Radhouane Haj Sassi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Ryland Morgans
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Canada.
- Human Nutrition Unit (HNU), Department of Food and Drugs, Medical School, University of Parma, Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy.
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Rabano-Munoz A, Suarez-Arrones L, Requena B, Asian-Clemente J. Relative Match Load in Young Professional Soccer Players during Soccer-7 and Soccer-11. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:134-140. [PMID: 37846482 DOI: 10.1055/a-2192-8704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in internal and external load during Soccer-7 and Soccer-11, comparing positional requirements and neuromuscular fatigue in both modalities. Twenty-four young soccer players were monitored in Soccer-7 and Soccer-11 matches using global positioning systems. Total distance covered (TD), distance covered at high speed (HSR), distance covered at very high speed (VHSR), peak speed, accelerations (Acc) and decelerations (Dec) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded differentiating between central backs (CB), midfielders (MF), external players (EX) and forwards (FW). Neuromuscular fatigue were assessed using a jump test. During Soccer-11, players showed significantly higher TD, HSR and VHSR, with low Acc and greater RPE compared with Soccer-7. During Soccer-11, all positions recorded significantly greater TD, distance at HSR and at VHSR than Soccer-7. In terms of playing position, CB, MF and FW achieved significantly higher Peak Speed during Soccer-1, but there was no difference for EX. During Soccer-7 all positions performed significantly higher numbers of Acc. Although the Soccer-7 modality is considered an optimal format for the development of young soccer players, there is a significant difference in match running activity for all playing positions with respect to the Soccer-11 format.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernardo Requena
- Research and Development Department, Football Science Institute, Granada , Spain
| | - Jose Asian-Clemente
- Performance Department, Real Betis Balompié, Seville, Spain
- Physical Performance & Sport Research, University of Pablo de Olavide of Sevilla, Sevile, Spain
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Kryściak J, Tomczak M, Podgórski T, Chmura P, Konefał M, Chmura J, Maly T, Modric T, Andrzejewski M. Temporal changes in intensity and volume of external training loads during a 1 × 1 short-bout, small-sided games in elite youth soccer players. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17892. [PMID: 37857842 PMCID: PMC10587065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared external training load (ETL) and its temporal changes across repetitions during a speed endurance production (SEP) training comprised of 1 × 1 short-bout, small-sided games (SSGs) in elite youth soccer players. Twenty U18 players were divided into two groups (SEP1 and SEP2) performing six 30 s and 45 s bouts of SSG (work-to-rest ratio 1:4) on a 10 by 15 m field. ETL was characterized by the total distance covered, Player Load, the total number of accelerations/decelerations, and their relative values (per minute). Significant overall decreases in the ETL parameter values across six repetitions in both SSG groups were observed relative to the measurement in the first set beginning in 3rd (SEP1) or 4th (SEP2) repetitions. Significant greater decreases in Player Load (F(5.90) = 2.99, p < 0.05, η P2 = 0.14), Player Load per minute (F(5,90) = 11.32, p < 0.001, η P2 = 0.39), total distance per minute (F(3.43,61.73) = 7.72, p < 0.001, η P2 = 0.30) and accelerations per minute (F(5,90) = 2.59, p < 0.05, η P2 = 0.13) were observed in the 30-s games than in the 45-s games. In conclusion, the use of SSGs in SEP training is associated with a decrease in the effectiveness of physical work performed across repetitions. In practice, due to the decrease in the measured ETL indicators already in the 3rd or 4th repetition (especially in the SEP1 group), the work-to-rest ratio could be increased from the applied 1:4 to 1:6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kryściak
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Maciej Tomczak
- Department of Psychology, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Podgórski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Chmura
- Department of Team Games, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Konefał
- Department of Biological and Motor Sport Bases, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Chmura
- Department of Biological and Motor Sport Bases, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomas Maly
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Toni Modric
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Marcin Andrzejewski
- Department of Methodology of Recreation, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
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Gundersen H, Riiser A, Algroy E, Vestbøstad M, Saeterbakken AH, Clemm HH, Grendstad H, Hafstad A, Kristoffersen M, Rygh CB. Associations between biological maturity level, match locomotion, and physical capacities in youth male soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1592-1601. [PMID: 36004501 PMCID: PMC9804799 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biological maturity level has shown to affect sport performance in youths. However, most previous studies have used noninvasive methods to estimate maturity level. Thus, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the association between skeletal age (SA) as a measure of biological maturation level, match locomotion, and physical capacity in male youth soccer players. METHOD Thirty-eight Norwegian players were followed during two consecutive seasons (U14 and U15). Match locomotion was assessed with GPS-tracking in matches. SA, assessed by x-ray, physical capacities (speed, strength and endurance) and anthropometrics were measured in the middle of each season. Analysis of associations between SA, match locomotion, and physical capacities were adjusted for the potential confounding effect of body height and weight. RESULTS In matches, positive associations were found between SA and maximal speed and running distance in the highest speed zones. Further, SA was associated with 40 m sprint time and countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and with intermittent-endurance capacity after adjusting for body height (U14). Associations between SA and leg strength and power, and between SA and absolute VO2max were not significant after adjusting for body weight. There was no association between SA and total distance covered in matches. CONCLUSION Biological maturity level influence match locomotion and performance on physical capacity tests. It is important that players, parents and coaches are aware of the advantages more mature players have during puberty, and that less mature players also are given attention, appropriate training and match competition to ensure proper development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Gundersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural SciencesWestern Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus BergenBergenNorway
| | - Amund Riiser
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural SciencesWestern Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus SogndalSogndalNorway
| | | | - Mona Vestbøstad
- Department of Health and FunctioningWestern Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus BergenBergenNorway
| | - Atle H. Saeterbakken
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural SciencesWestern Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus SogndalSogndalNorway
| | - Hege Havstad Clemm
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent MedicineHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway,Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Halvard Grendstad
- Department of Physical PerformanceNorwegian School of Sport SciencesOsloNorway
| | - Arild Hafstad
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural SciencesWestern Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus BergenBergenNorway
| | - Morten Kristoffersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural SciencesWestern Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus BergenBergenNorway
| | - Cecilie Brekke Rygh
- Department of Health and FunctioningWestern Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus BergenBergenNorway
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Soós I, Borysławski K, Boraczyński M, Ihasz F, Podstawski R. Anthropometric and Physiological Profiles of Hungarian Youth Male Soccer Players of Varying Ages and Playing Positions: A Multidimensional Assessment with a Critical Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11041. [PMID: 36078756 PMCID: PMC9518191 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to create preliminary anthropometric and physiological profiles of Hungarian male soccer players belonging to different age categories (14, 15, 16, and 17-18-years) and assigned to different playing positions (forward, defender, midfielder, goalkeeper). METHODS Anthropometric and physiological profiles were created for four age groups: 14- (n = 20), 15- (n = 16), 16- (n = 22) and 17-18-year-olds (n = 23) representing the Hungarian soccer academy. Additionally, the variables were analyzed across the four player positions mentioned above. RESULTS The mean values of body mass, fat mass and BMI were within normal limits, although in some cases the anthropometric and body composition values were too high, particularly among the 17-18-year-olds. The mean values of HRrest were lowest among the 15-year-olds. The highest mean and maximal values of rVO2max and rVO2/AT [57.6 ± 8.12 (43.8-68.3) and 51.2 ± 7.24 (38.9-60.8) mL/kg/min, respectively] were noted in 14-year-olds. Goalkeepers performed significantly better than the remaining soccer players in terms of the most anthropometric and physiological characteristics, except for the Yo-Yo test (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The values of anthropometric parameters increased with age. As expected, the oldest group achieved the best results in the performance tests. Goalkeepers outperformed the players representing other playing positions in the tests when assessing lower limb strength, sprint performance (5- and 10-m distance), and agility tests. From a practical point of view, the presented anthropometric and physiological profiles of players representing different age groups and playing positions can be useful for soccer coaches, strength and conditioning specialists, and athletic trainers of other soccer clubs in terms of the individualization and optimalization of soccer training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Soós
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, H-7622 Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Michał Boraczyński
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ferenc Ihasz
- Faculty of Psychology and Pedagogy, Institute of Sports Sciences, Eötvös Lóránd University, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Robert Podstawski
- Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
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McBurnie AJ, Dos'Santos T, Johnson D, Leng E. Training Management of the Elite Adolescent Soccer Player throughout Maturation. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:170. [PMID: 34941808 PMCID: PMC8708071 DOI: 10.3390/sports9120170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Professional soccer clubs invest significantly into the development of their academy prospects with the hopes of producing elite players. Talented youngsters in elite development systems are exposed to high amounts of sports-specific practise with the aims of developing the foundational skills underpinning the capabilities needed to excel in the game. Yet large disparities in maturation status, growth-related issues, and highly-specialised sport practise predisposes these elite youth soccer players to an increased injury risk. However, practitioners may scaffold a performance monitoring and injury surveillance framework over an academy to facilitate data-informed training decisions that may not only mitigate this inherent injury risk, but also enhance athletic performance. Constant communication between members of the multi-disciplinary team enables context to build around an individual's training status and risk profile, and ensures that a progressive, varied, and bespoke training programme is provided at all stages of development to maximise athletic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair J McBurnie
- Football Medicine & Sports Science, Manchester United F.C., AON Training Complex, Manchester M31 4BH, UK
- Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Thomas Dos'Santos
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK
- Manchester Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 7EL, UK
| | - David Johnson
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Edward Leng
- Football Medicine & Sports Science, Manchester United F.C., AON Training Complex, Manchester M31 4BH, UK
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Motion Analysis of Match Play in U14 Male Soccer Players and the Influence of Position, Competitive Level and Contextual Variables. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147287. [PMID: 34299737 PMCID: PMC8307654 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate match running performance in U14 male soccer players in Norway, and the influence of position, competitive level and contextual factors on running performance. Locomotion was monitored in 64 different U14 players during 23 official matches. Matches were played at two different competitive levels: U14 elite level (n = 7) and U14 sub-elite level (n = 16). The inclusion criterion was completed match halves played in the same playing position. The variables’ influence on match running performance was assessed using mixed-effect models, pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni correction, and effect size. The results showed that the U14 players, on average, moved 7645 ± 840 m during a match, of which 1730 ± 681 m (22.6%) included high-intensity running (HIR, 13.5–18.5 km·h−1) and sprinting (>18.5 km·h−1). Wide midfielders (WM) and fullbacks (FB) covered the greatest sprint distance (569 ± 40 m) and, in addition to the centre midfield position (CM), also covered the greatest total distance (TD) (8014 ± 140 m) and HIR distance (1446 ± 64 m). Centre forwards (CF) performed significantly more accelerations (49.5 ± 3.8) compared other positions. TD (7952 ± 120 m vs. 7590 ± 94 m) and HIR (1432 ± 57 m vs. 1236 ± 43 m) were greater in U14 elite-level matches compared with sub-elite matches. Greater TD and sprint distances were performed in home matches, but, on the other hand, more accelerations and decelerations were performed in matches played away or in neutral locations. Significantly higher TD, HIR and sprinting distances were also found in lost or drawn matches. In conclusion, physical performance during matches is highly related to playing position, and wide positions seem to be the most physically demanding. Further, competitive level and contextual match variables are associated with players’ running performance.
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9
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Palucci Vieira LH, Carling C, Barbieri FA, Aquino R, Santiago PRP. Match Running Performance in Young Soccer Players: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2020; 49:289-318. [PMID: 30671900 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-01048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, athletic performance has been extensively assessed in youth soccer players through laboratory and field testing. Only recently has running performance via time-motion analysis been assessed during match play. Match running data are often useful in a practical context to aid game understanding and decision making regarding training content and prescriptions. A plethora of previous reviews have collated and appraised the literature on time-motion analysis in professional senior players, but none have solely examined youth players. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present systematic review was to provide a critical appraisal and summary of the original research articles that have evaluated match running performance in young male soccer players. METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement, literature searches were performed in four databases: PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and SciELO. We used the following descriptors: soccer, football, young, youth, junior, physical performance, running performance, match running performance, movement patterns, time-motion analysis, distances covered, activity profile, work rate, match analysis, and match performance. Articles were included only if they were original articles written in the English language, studied populations of male children and/or adolescents (aged ≤ 20 years), were published/ahead of print on or before 31 December 2017 and showed at least one outcome measure regarding match running performance, such as total distance covered, peak game speed or indicators of activities performed at established speed thresholds. RESULTS A total of 5801 records were found. After duplicates were removed and exclusion and inclusion criteria applied, 50 articles were included (n = 2615 participants). Their outcome measures were extracted and findings were synthesized. The majority of the reviewed papers covered the European continent (62%) and used global positioning systems (GPS) (64%). Measurement error of the tools used to obtain position data and running metrics was systematically overlooked among the studies. The main aims of studies were to examine differences across playing positions (20%), age groups (26%) and match halves (36%). Consistent findings pointed to the existence of positional role and age effects on match running output (using fixed running speed thresholds), but there was no clear consensus about reductions in activity over the course of match play. Congested schedules negatively affected players' running performance. While over 32% of all studies assessed the relationships between match running performance and physical capacity, biochemical markers and body composition, ~ 70% of these did not account for playing position. CONCLUSIONS This review collated scientific evidence that can aid soccer conditioning professionals in understanding external match loads across youth categories. Coaches working with youth development programs should consider that data derived from a given population may not be relevant for other populations, since game rules, match format and configuration are essentially unstandardized among studies for age-matched players. Despite limited evidence, periodization training emphasizing technical-tactical content can improve match running performance. Occurrence of acute and residual impairments in the running performance of young soccer players is common. Prescription of postmatch recovery strategies, such as cold water immersion and spa treatment, can potentially help reduce these declines, although additional research is warranted. This review also highlighted areas requiring further investigation, such as the possible influence of environmental and contextual constraints and a more integrative approach combining tactical and technical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Henrique Palucci Vieira
- FMRP Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenue Bandeirantes 3900-Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.,LaBioCoM Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Campus Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,MOVI-LAB Human Movement Research Laboratory, Physical Education Department, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University UNESP, Campus Bauru, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Christopher Carling
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- MOVI-LAB Human Movement Research Laboratory, Physical Education Department, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University UNESP, Campus Bauru, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Aquino
- FMRP Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenue Bandeirantes 3900-Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.,CIFI2D, FADEUP Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Roberto Pereira Santiago
- FMRP Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenue Bandeirantes 3900-Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil. .,LaBioCoM Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Campus Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Palucci Vieira LH, Aquino R, Moura FA, Barros RMLD, Arpini VM, Oliveira LP, Bedo BLS, Santiago PRP. Team Dynamics, Running, and Skill-Related Performances of Brazilian U11 to Professional Soccer Players During Official Matches. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:2202-2216. [PMID: 29702518 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Palucci Vieira, LH, Aquino, R, Moura, FA, Barros, RMLd, Arpini, VM, Oliveira, LdP, Bedo, BLdS, and Pereira Santiago, PR. Team dynamics, running, and skill-related performances of Brazilian U11 to professional soccer players during official matches. J Strength Cond Res 33(8): 2202-2216, 2019-Analyses of movements during soccer competition have been used previously to help develop conditioning programs. However, this has not been extensively studied in youth populations. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to examine (1) dynamics of collective tactical movements, (2) running, and (3) skill-related performances during soccer matches disputed by children to senior players. A total of 120 Brazilian players in the age groups U11, U13, U15, U17, U20, and professional (PRO) were monitored during official competition matches (N = 12). Using semiautomatic video-based tracking (30 Hz), match running variables including total distance traveled, average speed, maximum sprint speed, and high-intensity activities were evaluated. Tactical metrics were computed as team surface area, spread, and median frequency. Through notational analysis, technical skills such as involvements with the ball, passes, ball touches, duels, and goal attempts were also recorded. One-way analysis of variance and magnitude-based inferences were used to detect differences between ages. Although the average speed, team surface area, and spread tended to present stabilized increases from the U15 (e.g., U15 > U13 > U11), maximal sprinting speed (PRO > U17 > U15, U13, U11) and percentage at very high-intensity activities (U20 > PRO, U17 > U15 > U13 > U11) demonstrated continuous gains. Median frequencies were higher in the younger groups (U13, U15, U17 > U20, PRO), although the percentage of successful passes was higher in the older groups (PRO > U17, U15 > U13, U11). We concluded that Brazilian U11 to PRO players present different performance profiles for running, collective movement dynamics, and technical skills, and that the rate of development regarding these components varies. Coaches should be aware of these differences to select and adapt training content for each age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz H Palucci Vieira
- FMRP Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,LaBioCoM Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, USP University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Aquino
- FMRP Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,LaBioCoM Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, USP University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Moura
- Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M L de Barros
- LIB Laboratory of Instrumentation for Biomechanics, UNICAMP Campinas State University, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor M Arpini
- LaBioCoM Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, USP University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas P Oliveira
- FMRP Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Botafogo Football Club, Youth Training Department, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno L S Bedo
- LaBioCoM Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, USP University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R P Santiago
- FMRP Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,LaBioCoM Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, USP University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Goto H, Saward C. The Running and Technical Performance of U13 to U18 Elite Japanese Soccer Players During Match Play. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 34:1564-1573. [PMID: 31498224 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Goto, H and Saward, C. The running and technical performance of U13 to U18 elite Japanese soccer players during match play. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1564-1573, 2020-The aims of the current study were (a) to examine age-related differences in match running performance with 2 different approaches (speed vs. metabolic power) in U13-U18 Japanese elite soccer players and (b) to examine age-related differences in technical match performance in U13-U18 Japanese elite soccer players. Participants were 110 outfield players from academies of 2 professional soccer clubs in Japan. Forty-eight 11-a-side official league matches (13, 6, 9, 7, 6, and 7 matches for U13, U14, U15, U16, U17, and U18 age-groups, respectively) were analyzed (152 complete match files). Global positioning system (15 Hz) and video analysis were used to analyze running and technical performance during matches, respectively. Total distance covered in absolute terms (U13 < [U14 and U15] < [U16-U18]; p < 0.05 for all), high-intensity running distance ([U13-U15] < [U16-U18]; p < 0.05 for all), and distance covered during the metabolic power zone of ≥35 W·kg relative to match playing time ([U13 < U16], [U13-U15] < [U17 and U18]; p < 0.05 for all) increased with age. The speed zone based approach (high-intensity running distance, ≥4.0 m·s) underestimated high-intensity demands compared with the metabolic power zone based approach (≥20 W·kg) by ∼33 to ∼57% (p < 0.01 for all), with the underestimation declining with age (p < 0.001). Pass accuracy improved with age from 73% at U13 to 85% at U18 (p < 0.001). Therefore, distance covered at high speeds and at high metabolic powers, and pass accuracy increase with age. Moreover, the speed zone based approach underestimates the demands of match play in Japanese elite youth soccer players. The current results could support coaches to develop players, identify talent, and produce age-specific training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heita Goto
- Faculty of Sports Science, Kyusyu Kyoritsu University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan; and
| | - Chris Saward
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Young D, Mourot L, Beato M, Coratella G. The Match Heart Rate and Running Profile of Elite Under-21 Hurlers During Competitive Match-Play. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 32:2925-2933. [PMID: 29489710 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Young, D, Mourot, L, Beato, M, and Coratella, G. The match heart rate and running profile of elite under-21 hurlers during competitive match-play. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2925-2933, 2018-The aims of the current study were to examine the physical and physiological demands of elite under-21 male hurling match-play across halves of play and between positions. Global positioning systems (10 Hz) and heart rate (HR) monitors were used to collect data from 95 players during 10 games. Total distance (TD), relative speed, high-speed running (HSR), sprint distance, total sprints, and mean length of sprint was 6,688 ± 942 m, 112 ± 16 m·min, 661 ± 203 m, 274 ± 111 m, 18 ± 8 m, and 16 ± 5 m, respectively. Players' mean HR (HRmean) and peak HR (HRpeak) was 165 ± 9 b·min and 190 ± 7 b·min, respectively. Decrements in TD (p < 0.05, effect size [ES] = 0.81), HSR (p < 0.05, ES = 0.69), and HRmean (p < 0.05, ES = 0.80) were found between halves. Full backs covered significantly less TD than half backs (p < 0.05, ES = -1.24), midfielders (p < 0.05, ES = -1.39), and half forwards (p < 0.05, ES = -1.85). Half forwards covered a greater TD than full forwards (p < 0.05, ES = 0.94), greater HSR than full backs (p < 0.05, ES = 1.13), and greater sprint distance than half backs (p < 0.05, ES = 1.41). Between-half decreases were evident in TD, HSR, and HRmean, with no significant positional differences observed in TD, HSR, number of sprints, length of sprint, HRpeak, and HRmean between half backs, midfielders, and half forwards. The current findings provide data that coaches should consider to customize training program design for under-21 hurlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Young
- Research Unit EA3920 Prognostic Markers and Regulatory Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases and Exercise Performance, Exercise Performance Health Innovation Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Laurent Mourot
- Research Unit EA3920 Prognostic Markers and Regulatory Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases and Exercise Performance, Exercise Performance Health Innovation Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Research Unit EA3920 Prognostic Factors and Regulatory Factors of Cardiac and Vascular Pathologies, Exercise Performance Health Innovation Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Marco Beato
- Faculty of Health and Science, Department of Science and Technology, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Coratella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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13
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Béliard S, Cassirame J, Ennequin G, Coratella G, Tordi N. The effects of a calf pump device on second half performance of a simulated soccer match in competitive youth players. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:708-716. [PMID: 30286704 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1522947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
During soccer matches, performance decrements have been reported that relate to both physical abilities and technical skills. To investigate the effects of low-frequency electrical stimulation LFES (VeinoplusSport®, Ad Rem Technology, France) administered during half-time recovery on performance alterations during the second half. Twenty-two highly trained young players undertook a soccer-match simulation (SAFT90). During half-time, they were randomly assigned to LFES group or Placebo group. Each half was split into 3 bouts of 12 minutes. Following each bout, maximal strike speed (MSS), sprint test (ST), maximal sprint accelerations (MA) and metabolic power (MP) were determined in both groups. Arterial (AF) and venous flows (VF) were measured at rest and at the end of half-time. LEFS group exhibited beneficial effects on performance compared to the Placebo group with a likely effect for MSS, ST, MA, and a possible effect for MP. AF and VF increased statistically more in LEFS group compared to Placebo group. The use of specific calf-pump LFES during half-time of a youth simulated soccer match attenuated the decrease in performance during the second half compared to Placebo group. This effect is most marked at the beginning of the second half with regards to explosive parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Béliard
- a PEPITE EA4267, Exercise Performance Hearth Innovation (EPHI) , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France.,b Service de Cardiologie, Angiologie , Centre Hospitalier Louis-Pasteur , Dole , France
| | - J Cassirame
- c EA4660, Laboratory Culture, Sport, Health, Society , University Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
| | - G Ennequin
- a PEPITE EA4267, Exercise Performance Hearth Innovation (EPHI) , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
| | - G Coratella
- c EA4660, Laboratory Culture, Sport, Health, Society , University Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
| | - N Tordi
- a PEPITE EA4267, Exercise Performance Hearth Innovation (EPHI) , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
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Hazir T, Kose MG, Kin-Isler A. The validity of Running Anaerobic Sprint Test to assess anaerobic power in young soccer players. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-182117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Olthof SBH, Frencken WGP, Lemmink KAPM. Match-derived relative pitch area changes the physical and team tactical performance of elite soccer players in small-sided soccer games. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:1557-1563. [PMID: 29125029 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1403412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Small-sided games (SSGs) are used in training sessions to prepare for full-sized matches. For the same number of players, smaller pitch sizes result in decreased physical performance and shorter interpersonal distances. A relative pitch area derived from the full-sized match results in larger pitch sizes and this may increase the fit between SSGs and full-sized matches. This study aimed to investigate SSGs with a traditional small pitch and a match-derived relative pitch area in youth elite soccer players. Four age categories (under-13, under-15, under-17 and under-19) played 4 vs. 4 plus goalkeepers on a small (40x30m, 120m2 relative pitch area) and large pitch (68x47m, 320m2 relative pitch area). The number of games per age category ranged 15-30. Positional data (LPM-system) were collected to determine physical (total distance covered, high intensity distance and number of sprints) and team tactical (inter-team distance, LPW-ratio, surface area, stretch indices, goalkeeper-defender distance) performance measures and tactical variability. On a large pitch, physical performance significantly increased, inter-team and intra-team distances were significantly larger and tactical variability of intra-team distance measures significantly increased. The match-derived relative pitch area is an important training manipulation and leads to changes in physical and tactical performance 4 vs. 4 plus goalkeepers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid B H Olthof
- a Center for Human Movement Sciences , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Wouter G P Frencken
- a Center for Human Movement Sciences , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands.,b Football Club Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Koen A P M Lemmink
- a Center for Human Movement Sciences , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
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