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Spyrou K, Armendáriz MLP, Alcaraz PE, Carrasco RH, Udayanga MAS, Freitas TT. Does Total Playing Time Affect the Neuromuscular, Physiological, and Subjective Recovery of Futsal Players during a Congested Period? Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:139. [PMID: 38787008 PMCID: PMC11125896 DOI: 10.3390/sports12050139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to analyze the effects of a congested period (three games in four days) on countermovement (CMJ) jump-landing metrics, heart rate variability (HRV), and total recovery quality (TQR) score in under-19 male futsal players, and to detect the differences between those who played for more minutes (HIGHMIN) and less minutes (LOWMIN). Fourteen youth futsal players (age: 17.5 ± 0.5 years; body mass: 70.2 ± 8.5 kg; height: 1.80 ± 0.1 m) participated. HRV, TQR questionnaire, and CMJ metrics (i.e., CMJ height, relative peak power (PPREL), eccentric and concentric impulse, braking time, and time to peak force) were registered. A linear mixed model and effect sizes (ESs) were used to assess the differences between groups and days. Considering the total sample, a significant decrease was found in the PPREL and TQR score (p = 0.001-0.013 and ES = 0.28-0.99) on Days 2, 3, and 4 when compared to Day 1. HIGHMIN group presented a significant decrease in PPREL on Day 3 (p = 0.004; ES: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39-2.65) when compared to Day 1, and in the TRQ score on Day 3 (p = 0.002; ES: 1.98; 95% CI: 0.18-2.46) and 4 (p = 0.003; ES: 2.25; 95% CI: 0.52-3.38) when compared to Day 1. Non-significant differences were found for the rest of the metrics and in the group LOWMIN. In summary, neuromuscular performance (i.e., CMJ PPREL) and subjective recovery were impaired in players with higher playing minutes during a match-congested period when compared to those with less on-court time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Spyrou
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.L.P.A.); (P.E.A.); (T.T.F.)
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30830 Murcia, Spain
- Strength and Conditioning Society, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - María L. Pérez Armendáriz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.L.P.A.); (P.E.A.); (T.T.F.)
| | - Pedro E. Alcaraz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.L.P.A.); (P.E.A.); (T.T.F.)
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30830 Murcia, Spain
- Strength and Conditioning Society, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - M. A. Sajith Udayanga
- Department of Sports Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo 10250, Sri Lanka;
| | - Tomás T. Freitas
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.L.P.A.); (P.E.A.); (T.T.F.)
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30830 Murcia, Spain
- Strength and Conditioning Society, 30008 Murcia, Spain
- NAR Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo 04753-070, Brazil
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Perrotta AS, Day BD, Correa CJ, Scott AJ, Ramos J, Gnatiuk EA, Warburton DER. Physiological, anthropometric and athletic performance adaptations from completing a 1-month pre-season period. A two-year longitudinal study in female collegiate soccer players. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1353129. [PMID: 38529410 PMCID: PMC10961417 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1353129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Collegiate coaches and integrative support staff often utilize pre-season as a brief and intense training period to prepare athletes technically, tactically, and physiologically, to meet the demands of competition during a soccer season. This study sought to examine the dose-response from performing on-field soccer activities during a four-week pre-season period in female collegiate soccer players, and if the magnitude in response was associated with accumulated exercise stress. Methods A total of twenty-seven healthy female soccer players training as part of a collegiate soccer program volunteered to participate in this two-year longitudinal study. Data collection commenced prior to the start of each pre-season period, at the beginning of August, and was completed at the beginning of September, when pre-season ended. Data collection periods were separated by a 31-day period. Indices of cardiovascular function, anthropometry, and athletic performance were examined during each data collection period. Internal and external measures of accumulated exercise stress were recorded using the Polar Team Pro® system. Results When comparing the beginning to the end of pre-season, significant improvements were observed in body fat (%) [24.2 ± 6.0 "vs." 23.3 ± 5.6, p = 0.001], heart rate variability (rMSSD) [51.8 ± 25.1 "vs." 67.9 ± 34.6 ms, p = 0.002], resting heart (bpm) [73.8 ± 12.1 "vs." 64.3 ± 8.8, p = 0.001] and cardiorespiratory performance (YoYo IRTL-1) [925.8 ± 272.8 "vs." 1,062.6 ± 223.3 m, p = 0.001]. Significant reductions in musculoskeletal performance were observed through vertical jump height (cm) [24.9 ± 23.7, p = 0.04]. Change in the end of pre-season body weight (kg) was significantly associated with accumulated accelerations and decelerations [r ≥ 0.49, p = 0.01]. End of pre-season change in cardiorespiratory performance was significantly associated with both accumulated training load (au) and TRIMP (au) [r ≥ 0.63, p = 0.01]. Discussion In conclusion, performing a four-week pre-season period, involving only on-field training, can promote positive and significant adaptations in anthropometry, cardiovascular function, and athletic performance measures in female collegiate soccer players. The magnitudes of these adaptations were associated with both internal and external measures of accumulated exercise stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Perrotta
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Human Performance and Health, Windsor, ON, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Langara College, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brent D. Day
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Human Performance and Health, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Camila J. Correa
- Department of Kinesiology, Langara College, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anika J. Scott
- Department of Kinesiology, Langara College, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Ramos
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A. Gnatiuk
- Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Darren E. R. Warburton
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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González-Fernández FT, Silva AF, Castillo Rodriguez A, Onetti-Onetti W, Clemente FM. Effects of 8 weeks pre-season training on physical fitness, heart rate variability and cognition in women soccer players. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24955. [PMID: 38312538 PMCID: PMC10835283 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the variations (pre-post) of (i) Anthropometric measures: weight, body mass index, lean and muscle mass, (ii) Physical fitness: countermovement jump (CMJ) and VO2max, (iii) heart rate variability (HRV) (recumbent and sitting): mean RR, RMSSD, NN50 and NN50 %, (iv) Psychomotor Vigilance Task, and v) SART: ACC Go, ACC NoGo and reaction times in semi-professional women soccer players from the second division of the Spanish League. The analysis indicated that lean mass improved after the observation period (p = .05, d = -0.38), while no other significant changes in anthropometric measures were observed. Additionally, CMJ and aerobic power were also improved (p<.01, d>0.50). The RMSSD [recumbent (d = -0.73) and sitting (d = -0.52)] and NN50 [recumbent (d = -0.69) and sitting (d = -0.70)] increased after the period of observation (p < .05). Reaction time also significantly improved after the period of observation [PVT (d = 0.42) and SART (d = -0.89)]. Correlations performed between measures revealed that smaller body mass and body mass index were largely associated with greater NN50 (r < 0.83, p = .001). Additionally, greater CMJ and aerobic fitness were associated with greater HRV [recumbent (r = -51, p = .001) and sitting (r = -0.60, p = .01). The main findings of this study were that there was no relationship between cognitive performance and physical fitness, but HRV was related to body composition and physical fitness during the pre-season in women soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Alfonso Castillo Rodriguez
- Departamento de Didáctica de las Lenguas, Artes y Deportes, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía-Tech, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland
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Di Credico A, Petri C, Cataldi S, Greco G, Suarez-Arrones L, Izzicupo P. Heart rate variability, recovery and stress analysis of an elite rally driver and co-driver during a competition period. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504231223034. [PMID: 38179721 PMCID: PMC10771059 DOI: 10.1177/00368504231223034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
To ensure both optimal health and performances, monitoring physiological and psychological states is of main importance for athletes. It is well known that monitoring heart rate variability and using validated questionnaires is useful for monitoring both the health and training status of athletes of different sports. Motorsports such as rally require high levels of physical and mental preparation thus information about psychophysiological status of rally athletes is fundamental. The aim of this study was to assess the autonomic regulation, stress, recovery conditions of one driver and one co-driver competing at the Italian National Rally Championship during their competition period. Heart rate variability parameters, acute recovery and stress states were assessed the day before, during the two days of race and the day following the races. Results showed that driver and co-driver had a sharp decrease of mean RR intervals, root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats, and standard deviation of the N-N interval during race days, while the stress index showed the inverse trend, and this behaviour was clearly visible in the Poincaré plots and power spectrum density graphs. The acute recovery and stress states questionnaire showed significant differences in recovery and stress scoring for the driver but not for the co-driver, although the trends were similar. This study describes the psychophysiological demands of a rally competition period suggesting that a daily evaluation of heart rate variability, recovery, stress states is useful for monitoring health status in rally athletes and could be implemented to make decision about training and recovery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Credico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristian Petri
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Stefania Cataldi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of the Study of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Greco
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of the Study of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luis Suarez-Arrones
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Pascal Izzicupo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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DeBlauw JA, Stein JA, Blackman C, Haas M, Makle S, Echevarria I, Edmonds R, Ives SJ. Heart rate variability of elite female rowers in preparation for and during the national selection regattas: a pilot study on the relation to on water performance. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1245788. [PMID: 37691642 PMCID: PMC10483281 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1245788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Elite athletes require a delicate balance of physiological and psychological stress and recovery-essential for achieving optimal performance. Monitoring heart rate variability (HRV) provides a non-invasive estimation of both physiological and psychological stress levels, offering potentially valuable insights into health, performance, and adaptability. Previous studies, primarily conducted on male participants, have shown an association between HRV and performance in the context of rowing training. However, given the rigorous nature of rowing training, it is crucial to investigate HRV in elite rowers, particularly during the U.S. national selection regattas (NSR). Purpose To comprehensively analyze elite female rowers, evaluating acute changes in HRV and subjective psychometrics during the NSR. Methods Five elite female rowers (26 ± 2 years, 180 ± 8 cm, 82 ± 8 kg, 19 ± 6%fat) were recruited and tracked prior to and during NSR I and II. Morning HRV measures were completed using photoplethysmography (HRV4training) along with self-reported levels of fatigue, soreness, rating of perceived exertion, mentally energy and physical condition. Results Significant decreases were observed in log transformed root-mean square of successive differences (LnRMSSD; p = 0.0014) and fatigue (p = 0.01) from pre-to-during NSR, while mental energy (p = 0.01), physical condition (p = 0.01), and motivation (p = 0.006) significantly increased. These psychometric measures returned to pre-NSR levels, at post-NSR (all p < 0.05), though HRV remained slightly suppressed. NSR on-water performance was not correlated to LnRMSSD or the change in LnRMSSD (p > 0.05). Discussion HRV and psychometric measures are sensitive to the stress of elite rowing competition in females. However, HRV was not associated with on-water rowing performance during an elite rowing competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A. DeBlauw
- Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Jesse A. Stein
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, MD, United States
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Carolyn Blackman
- Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Melissa Haas
- Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Seraya Makle
- Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Isis Echevarria
- Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Rohan Edmonds
- Department of Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Ives
- Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
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6
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Peleg-Sagy T, Zeller L, Perelman Y, Bortnik L, Maman T, Sagy I. The effect of pre-match sexual intercourse on football players' performance: a prospective cross over study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:250-255. [PMID: 35816144 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.14022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current research suggests that pre-competition sexual intercourse does not influence athletes' performance. Yet, high quality studies in this field are scarce. METHODS We aimed to investigate whether sexual activity negatively influences physiological performance. We conducted a prospective cross over study, which enrolled active players from the first team of a football club in the Israeli Football Premier League during the 2018-19 season. We gathered participants' physiological performance using GPS driven data per match. In addition, we assessed sexual activity the night before using telephone interviews at the end of every match. We used a linear mixed models methodology, accounting for each player as a cluster. RESULTS We enrolled 14 participants who participated in 88 football matches. The mean age was 29.7 (±3.8) years and the majority were in permanent relationships for longer than 6 months (78.6%). We identified sexual intercourses the night before the match in 9 (10.2%) cases. The average speed during the match was slower when participants had pre-match intercourse (6.5 vs. 6.0 Km/h, P=0.02). The results remained consistent when using linear mixed models analysis adjusted for age, for previous belief that a pre-match sexual intercourse may affect match performance and for player as a cluster (P=0.02, 95% C.I -0.85- -0.07). Other parameters were not associated with pre-match intercourse. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to show that sexual intercourse the night before a football match may have a negative influence on players' performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Peleg-Sagy
- Mental Health Center of Beer-Sheva, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lior Zeller
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Department of Rheumatology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Luckasz Bortnik
- Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tomer Maman
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Department of Rheumatology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Iftach Sagy
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel - .,Department of Rheumatology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Himariotis AT, Coffey KF, Noel SE, Cornell DJ. Validity of a Smartphone Application in Calculating Measures of Heart Rate Variability. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9883. [PMID: 36560256 PMCID: PMC9787958 DOI: 10.3390/s22249883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to determine the concurrent validity of the Elite HRV smartphone application when calculating heart rate variability (HRV) metrics in reference to an independent software criterion. A total of 5 minutes of R−R interval and natural log of root mean square of the successive differences (lnRMSSD) resting HRV data were simultaneously collected using two Polar H10 heart rate monitors (HRMs) in both the seated and supine positions from 22 participants (14 males, 8 females). One H10 HRM was paired with a Polar V800 watch and one with the Elite HRV application. When no artifact correction was applied, significant, but small, differences in the lnRMSSD data were observed between the software in the seated position (p = 0.022), and trivial and nonstatistically significant differences were observed in the supine position (p = 0.087). However, significant differences (p > 0.05) in the lnRMSSD data were no longer identifiable in either the seated or the supine positions when applying Very Low, Low, or Automatic artifact-correction filters. Additionally, excellent agreements (ICC3,1 = 0.938 − 0.998) and very strong to near-perfect (r = 0.889 − 0.997) relationships were observed throughout all correction levels. The Elite HRV smartphone application is a valid tool for calculating resting lnRMSSD HRV metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas T. Himariotis
- Health Assessment Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Kyle F. Coffey
- Health Assessment Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Sabrina E. Noel
- Health Assessment Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - David J. Cornell
- Health Assessment Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
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Brisola GMP, Dobbs WC, Zagatto AM, Esco MR. Tracking the Fatigue Status after a Resistance Exercise through Different Parameters. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:941-948. [PMID: 35853461 DOI: 10.1055/a-1766-5945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the sensitivity of back squat bar velocity, isometric mid-thigh pull, heart rate variability parameters, perceived recovery scale and step counts for tracking the muscular fatigue time-course (reduction in countermovement jump [CMJ] performance) after strenuous acute lower limb resistance exercise. Sixteen healthy men performed heart rate variability assessment, perceived recovery scale, CMJ, back squat bar velocity, isometric mid-thigh pull, and daily step counts before and 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post a strenuous acute lower limb resistance exercise (8×10 repetitions). The CMJ height decreased at 24 and 48 h after exercise session (p≤0.017), evidencing the muscular fatigue. The perceived recovery scale presented lower values compared to baseline until 72 h after exercise session (p<0.001 for all). The heart rate variability parameters and step counts were not significantly different across time. At 24 h post, only mean force of mid-thigh pull was decreased (p=0.044), while at 48 h post, only peak force of mid-thigh pull was decreased (p=0.020). On the last day (72 h), only bar velocity (mean) presented reduction (p=0.022). Therefore, the perceived recovery scale was the only variable sensible to tracking muscular fatigue, i. e. presenting a similar time-course to CMJ height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Motta Pinheiro Brisola
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Bauru - SP, Brazil
| | - Ward C Dobbs
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, United States.,Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Alessandro Moura Zagatto
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, United States
| | - Michael R Esco
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
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Santos IF, Lemos LK, Biral TM, de Souza Cavina AP, Junior EP, Toledo Teixeira Filho CA, Vendrame JW, Vanderlei FM. Relationship between heart rate variability and performance in eccentric training with blood flow restriction. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2022; 42:333-347. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Fernandes Santos
- Graduate in PhysiotherapyUniversidade Estadual Paulista (FCT/UNESP)Presidente PrudenteSPBrazil
| | - Leonardo Kesrouani Lemos
- Postgraduate Program in PhysiotherapyUniversidade Estadual Paulista (FCT/UNESP)Presidente PrudenteSPBrazil
| | - Taíse Mendes Biral
- Postgraduate Program in Movement SciencesUniversidade Estadual Paulista (FCT/UNESP)Presidente PrudenteSPBrazil
| | | | - Eduardo Pizzo Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Movement SciencesUniversidade Estadual Paulista (FCT/UNESP)Presidente PrudenteSPBrazil
| | | | - Julia Waszczuk Vendrame
- Graduate in PhysiotherapyUniversidade Estadual Paulista (FCT/UNESP)Presidente PrudenteSPBrazil
| | - Franciele Marques Vanderlei
- Postgraduate Program in Movement SciencesUniversidade Estadual Paulista (FCT/UNESP)Presidente PrudenteSPBrazil
- Department of PhysiotherapyUniversidade Estadual Paulista (FCT/UNESP)Presidente PrudenteSPBrazil
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10
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Botelho R, Abad CCC, Spadari RC, Winckler C, Garcia MC, Guerra RLF. Psychophysiological Stress Markers During Preseason Among Elite Female Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1648-1654. [PMID: 35622110 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Botelho, R, Abad, CCC, Spadari, RC, Winckler, C, Garcia, MC, and Guerra, RLF. Psychophysiological stress markers during preseason among elite female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1648-1654, 2022-This study aimed to investigate changes and correlations between mood states and various physiological stress markers after a 7-week preseason period among elite female soccer players. Twenty-four elite female soccer players participated in this study (26.4 ± 3.7 years). Their internal training load, mood states, day and evening salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations, blood creatine kinase concentration (CK), and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed during the first week of preseason (PRE), and again 7 weeks after a systematic training period (END). After the preseason, there were significant increases in subject negative mood scales (p ≤ 0.03; Effect Size [ES] > 0.60), total mood scores (p = 0.01; QI = 100/0/0; ES = 1.32), day and evening testosterone and cortisol concentrations (p ≤ 0.03; ES > 0.54), and CK concentrations (p = 0.01; QI = 100/0/0; ES = 1.54). Correlations were found between cortisol and tension (r = 0.53 and 0.60; p ≤ 0.02), cortisol and confusion (r = 0.75; p = 0.01), and cortisol and the LF/HF index of HRV (r = -0.52; p = 0.04). Mood states (except vigor), salivary testosterone, and cortisol concentrations, as well as CK, showed significant changes after a 7-week systematic training system. The cortisol was the factor most highly related to various mood states (including tension and confusion), and with the HRV indices. Coaches and researchers can use these data to design, monitor, and control soccer training programs, in particular throughout the preseason period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Botelho
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.,Sport Science Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar C C Abad
- Nucleus of High Performance in Sport (NAR), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Lusofona Faculty, Health and Science Department, Cotia, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina C Spadari
- Stress Biology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ciro Winckler
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil; and
| | - Márcia C Garcia
- Stress Biology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L F Guerra
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil; and.,Sport Science Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
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Santos AC, Turner TJ, Bycura DK. Current and Future Trends in Strength and Conditioning for Female Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052687. [PMID: 35270378 PMCID: PMC8909798 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Participation by female athletes in competitive sport has increased dramatically since the inception of Title IX, although female athletes are represented significantly less than their male counterparts in strength and conditioning (S&C) literature. This is apparent when examining current identified trends in the field, such as implementation of blood flow restriction (BFR) training, functional assessments to predict injuries, or the ever-increasing use of technology in sports. The aim of this review is to examine three prevalent trends in contemporary S&C literature as they relate to female athletes in order to expose areas lacking in research. We conducted journal and database searches to progressively deepen our examination of available research, starting first with broad emerging themes within S&C, followed next by an inquiry into literature concerning S&C practices in females, ending finally with a review of emerging topics concerning female athletes. To this end, 534 articles were reviewed from PubMed, Academic Search Complete, Google Scholar, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. Results demonstrate the utility of implementing BFR, functional movement assessments, and various technologies among this population to expand representation of female athletes in S&C literature, improve athletic capabilities and performance, and decrease potential for injury over time.
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12
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Post‐Exercise Cold‐ and Contrasting‐Water Immersion Effects on Heart Rate Variability Recovery in International Handball Female Players. J Hum Kinet 2022; 81:109-122. [PMID: 35291638 PMCID: PMC8884887 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of water immersion (WI) on cardiac parasympathetic reactivation during recovery from handball training sessions in elite female players during a two-week training camp. On the first three days of both weeks, players completed a crossover design with one of three 60-min delayed post-exercise WI protocols or passive rest (PAS). Recovery interventions consisted of a period of 6-min cold-WI (10°C; CWI6) and two contrasting periods cold- and hot-WI (36°C): one session included 3 min cold + 2 min hot + 3 min cold and the other session 5 × 2 min with cold at the very end. Short-term measures of heart rate variability (HRV) were collected before and after handball training sessions, and after WI. Derived parasympathetic HRV indices collected daily showed lower values post-training compared to pre-training values (p < 0.0001, large ES). Individual handball training sessions revealed similar clear depression of the vagal tone throughout the training camp. The comparison between each WI protocol and PAS revealed significant time × condition interaction particularly for CWI6. All parasympathetic indices revealed higher post-recovery values in CWI6 than PAS (p < 0.001 –p < 0.0001, with large ES ranging from 0.86 to 0.94). Surprisingly, 60-min delayed post-training WI revealed for most of parasympathetic HRV indices higher values than pre-training. This study highlighted that post-exercise parasympathetic disruption was exacerbated in response to handball training, and the 60-min delayed WI recovery interventions improved parasympathetic reactivity. Cardiac vagal tone can be highly improved with CWI6 compared to PAS. For the purpose of HRV modulations, CWI6 is recommended for short-term recovery.
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13
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Trends in Daily Heart Rate Variability Fluctuations Are Associated with Longitudinal Changes in Stress and Somatisation in Police Officers. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10010144. [PMID: 35052307 PMCID: PMC8776208 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of wearable sensors that allow for unobtrusive monitoring of physiological and behavioural patterns introduces new opportunities to study the impact of stress in a real-world context. This study explores to what extent within-subject trends in daily Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and daily HRV fluctuations are associated with longitudinal changes in stress, depression, anxiety, and somatisation. Nine Dutch police officers collected daily nocturnal HRV data using an Oura ring during 15–55 weeks. Participants filled in the Four-Dimensional Symptoms Questionnaire every 5 weeks. A sample of 47 five-week observations was collected and analysed using multiple regression. After controlling for trends in total sleep time, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and alcohol use, an increasing trend in the seven-day rolling standard deviation of the HRV (HRVsd) was associated with increases in stress and somatisation over 5 weeks. Furthermore, an increasing HRV trend buffered against the association between HRVsd trend and somatisation change, undoing this association when it was combined with increasing HRV. Depression and anxiety could not be related to trends in HRV or HRVsd, which was related to observed floor effects. These results show that monitoring trends in daily HRV via wearables holds promise for automated stress monitoring and providing personalised feedback.
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14
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Ribeiro J, Gantois P, Moreira V, Miranda F, Romano N, Nakamura FY. Individual-based Creatine Kinase Reference Values in Response to Soccer Match-play. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:533-537. [PMID: 35000188 DOI: 10.1055/a-1678-7340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the creatine kinase reference limits for professional soccer players based on their own normal post-match response. The creatine kinase concentration was analyzed in response to official matches in 25 players throughout a 3-year period. Samples were obtained between 36-43 hours following 70 professional soccer matches and corresponded to 19.1±12.1 [range: 6-49] samples per player. Absolute reference limits were calculated as 2.5th and 97.5th percentile of the samples collected. Creatine kinase values were also represented as a percentage change from the individual's season mean and represented by 90th, 95th and 97.5th percentiles. The absolute reference limits for creatine kinase concentration calculated as 97.5th and 2.5th percentiles were 1480 U.L-1 and 115.8 U.L-1, respectively. The percentage change from the individual's season mean was 97.45±35.92% and players were in the 90th, 95th and 97.5th percentiles when the percentages of these differences were 50.01, 66.7, and 71.34% higher than player's season mean response, respectively. The data allowed us to determine whether the creatine kinase response is typical or if it is indicative of a higher than normal creatine kinase elevation and could be used as a practical guide for detection of muscle overload, following professional soccer match-play.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ribeiro
- Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development, (CIDESD), Portugal; University of Maia, ISMAI, Portugal.,Department of Performance Optimization, GOD, Sporting Clube de Braga SAD, Braga, Portugal
| | - Petrus Gantois
- Physical Education, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Vitor Moreira
- Department of Performance Optimization, GOD, Sporting Clube de Braga SAD, Braga, Portugal
| | - Francisco Miranda
- Department of Performance Optimization, GOD, Sporting Clube de Braga SAD, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Fábio Yuzo Nakamura
- Federal University of Paraiba, Department Sports Sciences, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD Multicentric Research Group, Vila Real, Portugal
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15
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Cardoso AS, Klein L, Harden L, Costa RR, Kruel LFM. Heart rate profile and heart rate variability in volleyball athletes: a systematic review with meta-analyses. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742021021620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Klein
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Luan Harden
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Rochelle Rocha Costa
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil; Faculdade de Educação Física, Brasil
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16
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Lopes-Silva JP, Soares GDSS, Rocha JCC, Rocha ALSD, Correia-Oliveira CR. Caffeine Delays Parasympathetic Reactivation After a High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise in Handball Players. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2021.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Lopes-Silva
- Applied Research Group to Performance and Health, CESMAC University Center, School of Physical Education, Maceió, Brazil
| | | | - Julio Cesar Correia Rocha
- Applied Research Group to Performance and Health, CESMAC University Center, School of Physical Education, Maceió, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Silva da Rocha
- Applied Research Group to Performance and Health, CESMAC University Center, School of Physical Education, Maceió, Brazil
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17
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Botonis PG, Smilios I, Toubekis AG. Supercompensation in Elite Water Polo: Heart Rate Variability and Perceived Recovery. Sports Med Int Open 2021; 5:E53-E58. [PMID: 34395824 PMCID: PMC8354367 DOI: 10.1055/a-1494-9254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the association of heart rate variability assessed with the logarithm of the root mean square of successive differences (LnRMSSD) and perceived recovery status of nine elite water polo players with the fluctuations of the internal training load (ITL). ITL, post-wakening LnRMSSD, and measures of perceived recovery were obtained across one regeneration week, during two mesocycles of intensified preseason training (PR1, PR2) and during two mesocycles of in-season training (IN1, IN2). ITL at PR1 and PR2 was increased by 60–70% compared to regeneration week (p<0.01) and was reduced by 30% at IN1 and IN2 compared to PR1 and PR2 (p<0.01). Weekly averaged LnRMSSD (LnRMSSD
mean
) was higher in IN2 compared to regeneration week and PR2 (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). Perceived recovery was higher at IN1 and IN2 compared to PR2 (p=0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). ITL correlated with LnRMSSD in the preseason (r=–0.26, p=0.03). Nonetheless, similar association was not apparent during the in-season period (r=0.02, p=0.88). Cardiac autonomic perturbations may not occur when an increment of internal training load is less than 60–70%. However, the reduction of training load in season by 30% improves both LnRMSSD
mean
and perceived recovery status, implying that training periodization may lead players in supercompensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros G Botonis
- Department of Aquatic Sports, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Athens, Greece, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Smilios
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Argyris G Toubekis
- Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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18
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Berriel GP, Peyré-Tartaruga LA, Lopes TR, Schons P, Zagatto AM, Sánchez-Sánchez J, Ramirez-Campillo R, Nakamura FY. Relationship between vertical jumping ability and endurance capacity with internal training loads in professional volleyball players during preseason. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:317-323. [PMID: 33871236 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to quantify internal training load and changes in vertical jumping ability and endurance capacity of professional volleyball players during the preseason, and to explore relationships between players` physical qualities at the beginning of the preseason with internal training load accumulated during the first two weeks of training. METHODS Sixteen male professional volleyball players from a team participating in the Brazilian National Super League took part in the study. Before and after a 10-week preseason, their vertical jumping ability and endurance capacity were assessed by squat jump, countermovement jump without and with arm swing, and YoYo endurance test, level 1. The internal training load was quantified by the session rating of perceived exertion method. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance, magnitude-based inference and Pearson's correlation. RESULTS The internal training load varied between 1388 ± 111 a.u. and 3852 ± 149 a.u., and performance in all the tests was positively changed (small to moderate effect sizes) at end of preseason training. Significant (P < 0.05) very large and large correlations were observed between squat jump (r = -0.81) and YoYo endurance test (r = -0.64) performances and internal training load accumulated during the first two training weeks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the internal training load and training strategies undertaken by the investigated team were effective to improve players` vertical jumping ability and endurance capacity. Coaches need to improve these physical qualities of volleyball players in order to improve their tolerance to training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme P Berriel
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil -
| | - Leonardo A Peyré-Tartaruga
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Pulmonology Department of the Hospital of Clinics of Porto Alegre, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago R Lopes
- São Paulo Association for Medicine Development, São Paulo, Brazil.,Exercise Physiology Lab, Olympic Center of Training and Research, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Schons
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Pulmonology Department of the Hospital of Clinics of Porto Alegre, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alessandro M Zagatto
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Javier Sánchez-Sánchez
- Research Group Planning and Assessment of Training and Athletic Performance, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Research Group Planning and Assessment of Training and Athletic Performance, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sport, University of Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Fábio Y Nakamura
- The College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
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19
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Taylor JB, Ford KR, Queen RM, Owen EC, Gisselman AS. Incorporating Internal and External Training Load Measurements in Clinical Decision Making After ACL Reconstruction: A Clinical Commentary. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:565-578. [PMID: 33842052 PMCID: PMC8016425 DOI: 10.26603/001c.21152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Poor outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr), including the relatively high risk of suffering a subsequent ACL injury, suggest the need to optimize rehabilitation and return-to-sport testing. The purpose of this commentary is to introduce clinicians to the concept of monitoring training load during rehabilitation, to review methods of quantifying internal and external loads, and to suggest ways that these technologies can be incorporated into rehabilitation progressions and return-to-sport decisions after anterior ACLr. DESCRIPTION OF TOPIC WITH RELATED EVIDENCE Quantifying and identifying the effects of training load variables, external (distance, impacts, decelerations) and internal (heart rate, heart rate variability) workload, during rehabilitation can indicate both positive (improved physical, physiological, or psychological capacity) or negative (heightened risk for injury or illness) adaptations and allow for the ideal progression of exercise prescription. When used during return-to-sport testing, wearable technology can provide robust measures of movement quality, readiness, and asymmetry not identified during performance-based testing. DISCUSSION / RELATION TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Researchers have reported the actual in-game demands of men and women of various ages and competition levels during multi-directional sport. Wearable technology can provide similar variables during rehabilitation, home exercise programs, and during on-field transition back to sport to ensure patients have met the expected fitness capacity of their sport. Additionally, clinicians can use internal load measures to objectively monitor patient's physiological responses to rehabilitation progressions and recovery rather than relying on subjective patient-reported data. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
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20
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Muñoz-López A, Nakamura F, Naranjo Orellana J. Soccer Matches but Not Training Sessions Disturb Cardiac-Autonomic Regulation During National Soccer Team Training Camps. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2021; 92:43-51. [PMID: 32027578 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1708843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to monitor changes in autonomic nervous system (ANS) function. Monitoring HRV via the natural log of the root-mean-square difference of successive normal RR intervals (lnRMSSD), a decrease was related to lower parasympathetic activity and a fatigued state, and an increase was related to higher parasympathetic activity and better physical conditioning. This study analyzed daily ANS function changes among professional soccer players at national team training camps during preparation for the UEFA Eurocup 2016. Method: 23 professional soccer players were distributed into two groups: First eleven (players who played more than 60 minutes per soccer match) and Reserves (the rest of the players). HRV and session training load (s-TL) were monitored. Between-group daily differences were assessed using two-way mixed repeated measures ANOVA. Results: s-TL significantly increased (p < .05) at the beginning of each camp and significantly decreased the day before the soccer match (p < .001). There was a significant time by group interaction in lnRMSSD (p = .024). Changes were found in the First eleven group from match day +1 to match day +2 (+0.523 ms, p = .003). After the soccer match, there were between-group differences (p < .05) at +24h and +72h in lnRMSSD. Conclusions: During national team training camps, ANS function was only modified 24h and 72h after playing soccer matches, in players who played a minimum of 60 minutes. This knowledge can help coaches to monitor the impact of soccer matches during training camps to detect fatigue and improve recovery.
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21
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Nakamura FY, Antunes P, Nunes C, Costa JA, Esco MR, Travassos B. Heart Rate Variability Changes From Traditional vs. Ultra-Short-Term Recordings in Relation to Preseason Training Load and Performance in Futsal Players. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 34:2974-2981. [PMID: 30601391 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nakamura, FY, Antunes, P, Nunes, C, Costa, JA, Esco, MR, and Travassos, B. Heart rate variability changes from traditional vs. ultra-short-term recordings in relation to preseason training load and performance in futsal players. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2974-2981, 2020-The aims of this study were to analyze heart rate variability (HRV) changes in futsal players during preseason training using both "criterion" (10-minute) and ultra-shortened (2-minute) measures, and to determine whether they were related to changes in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test, level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) performance and accumulated training load (TL). Eleven male competitive futsal players (age = 25.19 ± 4.70 years; body mass = 73.15 ± 11.70 kg; and height = 176.90 ± 5.01 cm) volunteered for the study. Data collection took place during the first to the fourth weeks of preseason training. Training load was monitored with session ratings of perceived exertion. The total distance (TD) covered during the Yo-Yo IR1 was recorded during week 1 and week 4. Heart rate variability was measured through the log-transformed root mean square of successive normal-to-normal interval differences using the ultra-short analysis, with its weekly mean (lnRMSSDM) and coefficient of variation (lnRMSSDCV) recorded, and by means of the criterion method (weeks 1 and 4). lnRMSSDM was likely higher at week 4 compared with week 1 using both criterion and ultra-short recordings. Moderate-to-large correlations were found between changes in the lnRMSSDM and lnRMSSDCV values and changes in TL and TD (r values ranged from -0.48 to 0.65). Changes in ultra-short HRV measures (i.e., increase in lnRMSSDM and decrease in lnRMSSDCV) during futsal preseason were associated with increased performance. The players who accumulated higher perceived TLs displayed smaller improvements in the Yo-Yo IR1 performance and HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Y Nakamura
- The College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Multicentric Research Group, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro Antunes
- Department of Sport Sciences, Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Célia Nunes
- Department of Mathematics, Center of Mathematics and Applications (CMA), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Júlio A Costa
- Faculty of Sport, Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; and
| | - Michael R Esco
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| | - Bruno Travassos
- Department of Sport Sciences, Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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22
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Pinto JCBDL, Medeiros RMV, Mortatti AL, Nakamura FY, Fortes LDS, Machado DGDS, Fonteles AI. Do heart rate variability is relationed to endurance performance in female futsal players? REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CINEANTROPOMETRIA E DESEMPENHO HUMANO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-0037.2021v23e73799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
abstract The study aimed to verify the correlation between resting heart rate variability (HRVrest) and endurance performance in female futsal players, as well as to evaluate the reliability of this parasympathetic autonomic marker. A total of 16 female futsal players (age: 22 ± 3 years; VO2max: 42.3 ± 2.0 ml.kg-1.min-1) were evaluated during the first week of preseason training. Vagal modulation was evaluated from the HRVrest (i.e., log-transformed root mean square of successive R-R interval differences - Ln-RMSSD) for two consecutive days, while endurance performance was evaluated by the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test, Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1). Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the variables. Strong correlation between the HRVrest index and endurance performance (r = 0.643; p = 0.007). Reliability was tested through the intraclass correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation (CV), and Bland-Altman analysis of the agreement. Furthermore, acceptable repeatability of HRVrest, but with great inter-subject variability (ICC = 0.670, 95%CI = 0.056-0.885, CV = 15.8%). The current study demonstrated a strong correlation between Ln-RMSSD and endurance performance, and despite the acceptable values of intrasubject reliability, HRVrest presented high inter-individual variability in female futsal players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fábio Yuzo Nakamura
- Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil; James Cook University, Australia; “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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23
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Williams TD, Esco MR, Fedewa MV, Bishop PA. Inter- and Intra-Day Comparisons of Smartphone-Derived Heart Rate Variability across Resistance Training Overload and Taper Microcycles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010177. [PMID: 33383719 PMCID: PMC7795557 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine if smartphone-derived heart rate variability (HRV) could detect changes in training load during an overload microcycle and taper, and (2) to determine the reliability of HRV measured in the morning and measured immediately prior to the testing session. Twelve powerlifters (male = 10, female = 2) completed a 3-week resistance training program consisting of an introduction microcycle, overload microcycle, and taper. Using a validated smartphone application, daily measures of resting, ultra-short natural logarithm of root mean square of successive differences were recorded in the morning (LnRMSSDM) and immediately before the test session (LnRMSSDT) following baseline, post-overload, and post-taper testing. LnRMSSDM decreased from baseline (82.9 ± 13.0) to post-overload (75.0 ± 9.9, p = 0.019), while post-taper LnRMSSDM (81.9 ± 7.1) was not different from post-overload (p = 0.056) or baseline (p = 0.998). No differences in LnRMSSDT (p < 0.05) were observed between baseline (78.3 ± 9.0), post-overload (74.4 ± 10.2), and post-taper (78.3 ± 8.0). LnRMSSDM and LnRMSSDT were strongly correlated at baseline (ICC = 0.71, p < 0.001) and post-overload (ICC = 0.65, p = 0.010), whereas there was no relationship at post-taper (ICC = 0.44, p = 0.054). Bland–Altman analyses suggest extremely wide limits of agreement (Bias ± 1.96 SD) between LnRMSSDM and LnRMSSDT at baseline (4.7 ± 15.2), post-overload (0.5 ± 16.9), and post-taper (3.7 ± 15.3). Smartphone-derived HRV, recorded upon waking, was sensitive to resistance training loads across an overload and taper microcycles in competitive strength athletes, whereas the HRV was taken immediately prior to the testing session was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D. Williams
- Department of Kinesiology, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (M.R.E.); (M.V.F.); (P.A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael R. Esco
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (M.R.E.); (M.V.F.); (P.A.B.)
| | - Michael V. Fedewa
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (M.R.E.); (M.V.F.); (P.A.B.)
| | - Phillip A. Bishop
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (M.R.E.); (M.V.F.); (P.A.B.)
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24
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Iizuka T, Kon M, Maegawa T, Yuda J, Aoyanagi T, Takahashi H, Atomi T, Shimizu M, Atomi Y. Comparison of Morning Heart Rate Variability at the Beginning and End of a Competition Season in Elite Speed Skaters. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8120164. [PMID: 33327399 PMCID: PMC7764897 DOI: 10.3390/sports8120164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify whether the physiological fatigue status of elite speed skaters is influenced by the approximately five-month international competition season by comparing morning heart rate variability (HRV) at the beginning of the competition season (Japan Single Distances Championships: JSDC) with that at the end of the competition season (World Single Distances Championships: WSDC). Five international-class speed skaters participated in the study. HRV indices and subjective fatigue were measured each morning of the four days prior to the first races of the JSDC and WSDC in the 2007/2008 season. The parasympathetic HRV indices: root mean square of the successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD) (JSDC, 61.0 ms; WSDC, 42.1 ms; p < 0.05), high-frequency component power (HF) (JSDC, 1393 ms2; WSDC, 443 ms2; p < 0.05), and normalized unit of HF (HFnu) (JSDC, 53.2%; WSDC, 25.5%; p < 0.05) were lower for the WSDC than for the JSDC. The decrease in these indices may reflect the skaters’ accumulated fatigue during the course of the competition season. Morning measurements of HRV may thus be an efficient way for elite speed skaters and coaches to objectively monitor physiological fatigue throughout the competition season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Iizuka
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
- Nippon Badminton Association, Tokyo 160-0013, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kon
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Nagoya 466-8666, Japan;
| | - Taketeru Maegawa
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan;
| | - Jun Yuda
- Faculty of Physical Education, Japan Women’s College of Physical Education, Tokyo 157-8565, Japan;
| | - Toru Aoyanagi
- Department of Sport Life Management, Nippon Sport Science University, Kanagawa 227-0033, Japan;
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan;
| | - Tomoaki Atomi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan;
| | - Miho Shimizu
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Yoriko Atomi
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Iizuka T, Ohiwa N, Atomi T, Shimizu M, Atomi Y. Morning Heart Rate Variability as an Indication of Fatigue Status in Badminton Players during a Training Camp. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8110147. [PMID: 33182645 PMCID: PMC7697084 DOI: 10.3390/sports8110147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify whether changes in the fatigue status of elite athletes during a precompetition period could be evaluated using morning heart rate variability (HRV) indices. Eight Japanese National Badminton Team players (age, 23.0 ± 2.8 years) participated in this study. HRV and subjective fatigue were measured during the first (days 1–4: Phase 1) and the second half (days 5–8: Phase 2) of an 8-day national team training camp. The global and parasympathetic HRV indices were as follows: standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN) (Phase 1, 87.5 ms; Phase 2, 104.3 ms; p < 0.05), root mean square of the successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD) (Phase 1, 66.6 ms; Phase 2, 103.6 ms; p < 0.05), and high-frequency component power (HF) (Phase 1, 1412.0 ms2; Phase 2, 3318.5 ms2; p < 0.05). All the aforementioned indices increased significantly from Phase 1 to Phase 2. Significant correlations were observed between the change in subjective fatigue and changes in SDNN, RMSSD, and HF (ρ = −0.80, p = 0.017; ρ = −0.77, p = 0.027; and ρ = −0.80, p = 0.017, respectively). Measuring morning HRV indices may be effective for objectively evaluating changes in the fatigue status of elite athletes during a precompetition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Iizuka
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
- Nippon Badminton Association, Tokyo 160-0013, Japan
| | - Nao Ohiwa
- Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan;
| | - Tomoaki Atomi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan;
| | - Miho Shimizu
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Yoriko Atomi
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Rabbani A, Kargarfard M, Twist C. Fitness Monitoring in Elite Soccer Players: Group vs. Individual Analyses. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:3250-3257. [PMID: 33105377 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rabbani, A, Kargarfard, M, and Twist, C. Fitness monitoring in elite soccer players; group vs. individual analyses. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3250-3257, 2020-The aims of this study were to (a) examine changes in group and individual HR measures during a submaximal warm-up test, and (b) investigate the relationship between accumulated internal training loads and HR changes during an in-season phase among elite soccer players (n = 14). Before and after an in-season phase (24 days), exercise HR (HRex) and HR recovery (HRR) expressed either as the number of beats recovered (HRR60s) or as the mean HR (HRpost1) during 1 minute of recovery were analyzed. Heart rate measures were expressed as the % of maximal HR. Session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) was computed for all training/match sessions. Group and individual HR changes were analyzed using magnitude-based inferences. Pearson correlation coefficients were also used to examine the relationships. Group analyses of HR changes revealed there were possibly to likely trivial changes in all HR measures. When analyzing individual data, no substantial change was observed for HRR60s%. However, substantial changes in HRex% and HRpost1% were observed for 4/14 and 5/14 players, respectively. The relationships between HRex% and HRpost1% were nearly perfect (r = 0.90, confidence limits [0.82-0.95]). The associations between changes in HRex% and HRpost1% were also nearly perfect (r = 0.92, 0.80-0.97). A very large inverse correlation was observed between HRex% and accumulated sRPE (r = -0.75, -0.44 to -0.90). This study highlights the value of conducting individual vs. group aerobic fitness monitoring. This study also showed the importance of how HRR is reported when aerobic fitness monitoring of elite soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rabbani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran; and
| | - Mehdi Kargarfard
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran; and
| | - Craig Twist
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
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Egan-Shuttler JD, Edmonds R, Ives SJ. The Efficacy of Heart Rate Variability in Tracking Travel and Training Stress in Youth Female Rowers: A Preliminary Study. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:3293-3300. [PMID: 33105382 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Egan-Shuttler, JD, Edmonds, R, and Ives, SJ. The efficacy of heart rate variability in tracking travel and training stress in youth female rowers: A preliminary study. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3293-3300, 2020-Heart rate variability (HRV) is a reliable indicator of cardiac parasympathetic activity and has been used in athletic populations to measure training adaptations. To date, there is limited research showing whether HRV is practical in youth female athletes and rowers during short periods of overload training. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the practicality of HRV in documenting training responses during a period of overload training in youth female rowers. Time-domain (SD of N-N intervals, SDNN; root mean square of successive differences, RMSSD) and nonlinear (SD1) indices of HRV were recorded during baseline training, daily during the 6-day training camp, and 1 week after the camp in 5 athletes from an elite, high-school, rowing team. Training duration and rate of perceived exertion were recorded to document training load. Training load during the camp was 76% above the athlete's normal workload (2,258 ± 459 vs. 1,280 ± 356 arbitrary units (a.u.)). Using progressive statistics, cardiac vagal activity (RMSSD and SD1) was very likely reduced during each day of the camp when compared with baseline training, although returned to baseline within a week of the training camp. Interestingly, SDNN was reduced throughout the training camp and remained reduced up to a week after the training camp (78% likely; effect size = -0.32). These insights add value to HRV's use in youth sport and provides coaches with an easy, cost-effective means to monitor the physiological response to training, allowing fine-tuning of training, potentially enhancing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian D Egan-Shuttler
- Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom; and
| | - Rohan Edmonds
- Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York
- Department of Exercise Science and Pre-Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Stephen J Ives
- Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York
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Denby K, Caruso R, Schlicht E, Ives SJ. The Impact of Wrist Percooling on Physiological and Perceptual Responses during a Running Time Trial Performance in the Heat. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207559. [PMID: 33080833 PMCID: PMC7590038 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Environmental heat stress poses significant physiological challenge and impairs exercise performance. We investigated the impact of wrist percooling on running performance and physiological and perceptual responses in the heat. In a counterbalanced design, 13 trained males (33 ± 9 years, 15 ± 7% body fat, and maximal oxygen consumption, VO2max 59 ± 5 mL/kg/min) completed three 10 km running time trials (27 °C, 60% relative humidity) while wearing two cooling bands: (1) both bands were off (off/off), (2) one band on (off/on), (3) both bands on (on/on). Heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), mean arterial pressure (MAP), core temperature (TCO), thermal sensation (TS), and fatigue (VAS) were recorded at baseline and recovery, while running speed (RS) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected during the 10 km. Wrist cooling had no effect (p > 0.05) at rest, except modestly increased HR (3-5 ∆beats/min, p < 0.05). Wrist percooling increased (p < 0.05) RS (0.25 ∆mi/h) and HR (5 ∆beats/min), but not TCO (∆ 0.3 °C), RPE, or TS. Given incomplete trials, the distance achieved at 16 min was not different between conditions (off/off 1.96 ± 0.16 vs. off/on 1.98 ± 0.19 vs. on/on 1.99 ± 0.24 miles, p = 0.490). During recovery HRV, MAP, or fatigue were unaffected (p > 0.05). We demonstrate that wrist percooling elicited a faster running speed, though this coincides with increased HR; although, interestingly, sensations of effort and thermal comfort were unaffected, despite the faster speed and higher HR.
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Shalfawi SAI. Bayesian Estimation of Correlation between Measures of Blood Pressure Indices, Aerobic Capacity and Resting Heart Rate Variability Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation and 95% High Density Interval in Female School Teachers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186750. [PMID: 32947985 PMCID: PMC7558932 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Several explanations regarding the disparity observed in the literature with regard to heart rate variability (HRV) and its association with performance parameters have been proposed: the time of day when the recording was conducted, the condition (i.e., rest, active, post activity) and the mathematical and physiological relationships that could have influenced the results. A notable observation about early studies is that they all followed the frequentist approach to data analyses. Therefore, in an attempt to explain the disparity observed in the literature, the primary purpose of this study was to estimate the association between measures of HRV indices, aerobic performance parameters and blood pressure indices using the Bayesian estimation of correlation on simulated data using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and the equal probability of the 95% high density interval (95% HDI). Methods: The within-subjects with a one-group pretest experimental design was chosen to investigate the relationship between baseline measures of HRV (rest; independent variable), myocardial work (rate–pressure product (RPP)), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and aerobic performance parameters. The study participants were eight local female schoolteachers aged 54.1 ± 6.5 years (mean ± SD), with a body mass of 70.6 ± 11.5 kg and a height of 164.5 ± 6.5 cm. Their HRV data were analyzed in R package, and the Bayesian estimation of correlation was calculated employing the Bayesian hierarchical model that uses MCMC simulation integrated in the JAGS package. Results: The Bayesian estimation of correlation using MCMC simulation reproduced and supported the findings reported regarding norms and the within-HRV-indices associations. The results of the Bayesian estimation showed a possible association (regardless of the strength) between pNN50% and MAP (rho = 0.671; 95% HDI = 0.928–0.004), MeanRR (ms) and RPP (rho = −0.68; 95% HDI = −0.064–−0.935), SDNN (ms) and RPP (rho = 0.672; 95% HDI = 0.918–0.001), LF (ms2) and RPP (rho = 0.733; 95% HDI = 0.935–0.118) and SD2 and RPP (rho = 0.692; 95% HDI = 0.939–0.055). Conclusions: The Bayesian estimation of correlation with 95% HDI on MCMC simulated data is a new technique for data analysis in sport science and seems to provide a more robust approach to allocating credibility through a meaningful mathematical model. However, the 95% HDI found in this study, accompanied by the theoretical explanations regarding the dynamics between the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system in relation to different recording conditions (supine, reactivation, rest), recording systems, time of day (morning, evening, sleep etc.) and age of participants, suggests that the association between measures of HRV indices and aerobic performance parameters has yet to be explicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaher A I Shalfawi
- Department of Education and Sports Science, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
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Alterations in Cardiac Vagal Modulation-to-Vagal Tone Ratio in response to accumulated exercise stress in intermittent team sport. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2020-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Study aim: This investigation examined the cardiac vagal modulation-to-vagal tone ratio and its utility to represent the dose response to accumulated exercise stress in intermittent team sport.
Material and methods: Fourteen international calibre female field hockey players training as part of a national team were participants over a three-week period. Exercise stress was expressed through cardiovascular strain using heart rate (HR) dynamics and was quantified as a training load (AU) and time spent exercising above anaerobic threshold (min). Cardiac autonomic activity was examined using heart rate variability; R-R intervals (ms) were collected immediately upon awakening throughout each weekend. The square root of the mean squared differences of successive R–R intervals were individually calculated, and log transformed prior to being averaged (Ln rMSSD) along with the corresponding mean R-R interval length. Multiple linear regression analysis examined the association between cardiac autonomic activity and indices of accumulated exercise stress.
Results: Significant inverse associations (95% CI) between the Ln rMSSD:R-R ratio and both training load [r = –0.48 (–0.70: –0.18), p = 0.012] and time spent exercising above anaerobic threshold [r = –0.51 (–0.72 : –0.22), p = 0.006] were observed. The association between mean R-R interval length and Ln rMSSD was not significant [r = 0.05, p = 0.950].
Conclusion: The current study demonstrated high intensity exercise, as defined through time spent above anaerobic threshold, displayed a stronger association with the Ln rMSSD:R-R ratio compared to a HR-derived training load when examining the dose response to accumulated intermittent exercise.
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Muñoz-López A, Naranjo-Orellana J. Individual versus team heart rate variability responsiveness analyses in a national soccer team during training camps. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11726. [PMID: 32678200 PMCID: PMC7367264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) analyses can be performed using group or individual changes. Individual changes could be of potential interest during training camps for national soccer teams. The purpose of this study was to compare whether analysis of individual daily HRV could detect changes in cardiac autonomic responses during training camps for national soccer teams. During two different training camps, 34 professional soccer players were monitored daily over 9 days, using heart rate monitors. Players were divided into First Eleven (those who participated in the main squad) or Reserves. Daily HRV was individually analyzed using a day-to-day method or a baseline (days prior to first match) method, using the smallest worthwhile change and the typical error in the estimate to establish a trivial (random change) zone. Group changes were also analyzed using an ANOVA one-way repeated measures test. Players’ responsiveness was classified as High-, Low- or Non-response depending on individual changes. Both analyses showed substantial daily individual changes after playing a soccer match, regardless of the group. However, group changes showed that only First Eleven players had significant changes after playing a soccer match. In conclusion, individual daily HRV analyses are useful in detecting individual changes in professional soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Muñoz-López
- Departamento de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo, Education Sciences School, University of Seville, Desk 4.78, c/Pirotecnica s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain.
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Marcel-Millet P, Ravier G, Esco MR, Groslambert A. Does firefighters' physical fitness influence their cardiac parasympathetic reactivation? Analysis with post-exercise heart rate variability and ultra-short-term measures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2020; 28:153-161. [PMID: 32586212 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2020.1738689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. This study assessed the influence of firefighters' physical fitness on performances and parasympathetic reactivation in rescue interventions, and tested the validity of post-exercise ultra-short-term heart rate variability. Methods. Twenty-four firefighters were assigned to two groups based on their fitness and performed three simulated interventions. The mean completion time was recorded. The post-exercise root mean square of successive differences of R-R intervals (LnRMSSD) was determined from both criterion (between 5 and 10 min) and ultra-short-term (every 1-min segment from minutes 0-6) analyses. Results. Completion time was better for the highest fitness group in the three simulated interventions while post-exercise LnRMSSD was not influenced by the firefighters' fitness. Reliability between ultra-short-term and criterion analyses differed between the segments tested; minute 5-6 revealed the highest intra-class correlations (0.86-0.97). Concerning sensitivity of both analyses, the criterion analysis revealed differences between the three rescue interventions and the fitness test, but these results were not observed with ultra-short-term measures. Conclusions. Fitness was associated with firefighters' performances but not with parasympathetic reactivation in the firefighting intervention. The ultra-short-term measures do not seem to be a suitable post-exercise LnRMSSD analysis because of the low sensitivity to reveal differences among exercise conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilles Ravier
- Department of Sport and Performance, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France
| | | | - Alain Groslambert
- Department of Sport and Performance, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France
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Ayuso-Moreno R, Fuentes-García JP, Collado-Mateo D, Villafaina S. Heart rate variability and pre-competitive anxiety according to the demanding level of the match in female soccer athletes. Physiol Behav 2020; 222:112926. [PMID: 32407830 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a highly-demanding match and a lowly-demanding match on pre-competitive heart rate variability (HRV) and anxiety in semi-professional female soccer athletes. A total of 14 players, with a mean age of 23.78 (4.93), from the Cáceres Women Football Club of the Spanish Second National Division participated in our study. They were evaluated in two microcycles which correspond to a highly- and a lowly-demanding matches. For each microcycle a baseline and a pre-competitive measures were collected. Results indicated that HRV was significantly reduced before a highly demanding match whereas a lowly-demanding match did not lead to any change. Significant differences in HRV and cognitive anxiety were observed when compared the highly and the lowly demanding matches, which means an increase in the anxiety levels before the highly-demanding match. HRV could be an indicator of precompetitive anxiety in semi-professional female soccer players. This could be used by coaches or physical trainers as a tool to examine the precompetitive anxiety in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ayuso-Moreno
- Faculty of Sport Science. University of Extremadura. Avda: Universidad S/N, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | | | | | - Santos Villafaina
- Faculty of Sport Science. University of Extremadura. Avda: Universidad S/N, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
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Abstract
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has been typically used to monitor athletes’ physical fitness readiness. The supine position maximizes parasympathetic tone, which is important for monitoring in continuous aerobic sports, however, this is not the case of team sports that rely on anaerobic intermittent bouts, thus increasing sympathetic activation and vagal withdrawal. We hypothesized that HRV during sympathetic activation and vagal withdrawal would be a useful marker to evaluate perceived physical fitness in team sports. HRV was measured in both supine and standing positions during the mornings of 4 match days in 14 professional players. The supine Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences (RMSSD), as well as spectral analysis indices were recorded. Perceived physical fitness was assessed after each match by means of a visual analogue scale (VAS). Supine RMSSD was moderately correlated with perceived physical fitness (rho = 0.416), however, larger correlations were observed for supine and standing spectral indices (rho > 0.5). Correlation between RMSSD and Total Power was very large, thus questioning the usual interpretation of RMSSD (rho > 0.7). Standing Spectral HRV analyses may be a useful method for evaluating perceived physical fitness in the context of team sports. RMSSD may reflect the overall variability of HR and not only the parasympathetic influence, as observed in the current study.
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Perrotta AS, Koehle MS, White MD, Taunton JE, Warburton DER. Consecutive non-training days over a weekend for assessing cardiac parasympathetic variation in response to accumulated exercise stress. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:1072-1082. [PMID: 31672096 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1688397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the association between day-to-day resting cardiac parasympathetic variability over consecutive non-training days (i.e. weekend) and accumulated exercise stress when quantified using indices of cardiovascular strain. Methods: Twelve international calibre female field hockey players training as part of a national team were participants over a four-week mesocycle prior to a 2016 Olympic qualifying tournament. On-field exercise stress was examined using heart rate (HR) dynamics and quantified as; (1) training load and (2) time (min) spent above anaerobic threshold. The square root of the mean squared differences of successive cardiac cycles (R-R intervals) recorded on Saturday and Sunday were individually calculated and log-transformed prior to being averaged (Ln rMSSDweekend). Day-to-day variation in Ln rMSSD over the weekend was expressed using the coefficient of variation (Ln rMSSDCV). Non-linear regression analysis examined the association between accumulated exercise stress and Ln rMSSDCV. Results: A quadratic association between each index of exercise stress and Ln rMSSDCV was identified. After converting the coefficient of determination into a correlation coefficient (90% CL), the respective association between Ln rMSSDCV and training load (AU); r = 0.40 (0.16:0.59) and time above threshold; r = 0.35 (0.06:0.59) were observed. Conclusion: Ln rMSSDCV derived over consecutive non-training days displayed a moderate, yet significant association between accumulated exercise stress when expressed as global or high-intensity indices of cardiovascular strain. Weekend assessments may offer a practical and appropriate juncture between microcycles to assess the magnitude of perturbation in cardiac autonomic homeostasis prior to entering subsequent training periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Perrotta
- Cardiovascular Physiology & Rehabilitation Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michael S Koehle
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Sports Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Faculty of Education, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Matthew D White
- Department of Biomedical Physiology & Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Jack E Taunton
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Sports Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Darren E R Warburton
- Cardiovascular Physiology & Rehabilitation Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Faculty of Education, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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de Souza Cavina AP, Pizzo Junior E, Machado AF, Biral TM, Pastre CM, Vanderlei FM. Load monitoring on Pilates training: a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Trials 2019; 20:597. [PMID: 31623638 PMCID: PMC6798512 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently there are campaigns to raise the awareness of the need to practice physical exercise with several objectives, mainly as a preventive measure. The Pilates method is a form of therapeutic exercise for maintaining and improving health. However, despite being popular, there is still no scientific evidence on the standardization and progression of the method. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a protocol to monitor the progression of daily Pilates loads between the basic, intermediate, and advanced levels, as well as to analyze the effects of the method on psychometric, cardiorespiratory, and autonomic measures. Methods/design In total, 54 healthy men underwent 36 sessions of Pilates mat work. Before each training session, cardiorespiratory measures, pain (visual analogue scale), and a psychometric questionnaire were collected. Heart rate (HR), subjective perception of effort (SPE), and RR intervals were measured during the sessions and used later in the analysis of the progression of training load by monitoring the internal training load and heart rate variability. At the end of the sessions, cardiorespiratory measures, the visual analogue scale, and the psychometric questionnaire were measured again. After 15 min of rest, the final HR measurement was made and the participants noted the effort on the SPE scale. The psychometric, cardiorespiratory, and autonomic measures were evaluated before and after each of the 36 training sessions. Discussion This is a parallel randomized clinical trial of standardized Pilates training, with the aim of estimating training loads and measuring the efficacy of Pilates through clinical, cardiorespiratory, and autonomic outcomes. The protocol can easily be reproduced and could be used to support professionals in prescribing the method. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03232866. Registered on 28 July 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3684-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allysiê Priscilla de Souza Cavina
- Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCT/UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - FCT/UNESP, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Rua Roberto Simonsen, 305 - Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Pizzo Junior
- Graduate in Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCT/UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Aryane Flauzino Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCT/UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Taíse Mendes Biral
- Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCT/UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Marcelo Pastre
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCT/UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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Costa J, Figueiredo P, Nakamura F, Rago V, Rebelo A, Brito J. Intra-individual variability of sleep and nocturnal cardiac autonomic activity in elite female soccer players during an international tournament. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218635. [PMID: 31527865 PMCID: PMC6748428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe individual sleeping patterns and nocturnal cardiac autonomic activity of National team female soccer players during an international tournament. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty elite female soccer players (aged 25.2±3.1 years) wore wrist actigraph units and heart rate (HR) monitors during night-sleep throughout 9 consecutive days (6 day-time training sessions [DT], 2 day-time matches [DM], and 1 evening-time match [EM]) of an international tournament. Training and match loads were monitored using the session-rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and wearable 18-Hz GPS (total distance covered [TD], training and match exposure time, and high-speed running [HSR]) to characterize training and match loads. RESULTS Individually, s-RPE, TD, exposure time, and HSR during training sessions ranged from 20 to 680 arbitrary units (AU), 892 to 5176 m, 20 to 76 min, and 80 to 1140 m, respectively. During matches, s-RPE, TD, exposure time, and HSR ranged from 149 to 876 AU, 2236 to 11210 m, 20 to 98 min, and 629 to 3213 m, respectively. Individually, players slept less than recommended (<7 hours) on several days of the tournament, especially after EM (n = 8; TST ranging between 6:00-6:54 h). Total sleep time coefficient of variation (CV) ranged between 3.1 and 18.7%. However, all players presented good sleep quality (i.e., sleep efficiency ≥75%; individual range between: 75-98%) on each day of the tournament. Most of the players presented small fluctuations in nocturnal cardiac autonomic activity (individual nocturnal heart rate variability [HRV] ranged from 3.91-5.37 ms and HRV CV ranged from 2.8-9.0%), while two players presented higher HRV CV (11.5 and 11.7%; respectively). CONCLUSION Overall, this study highlights the substantial individual variability in sleep and HRV measures, suggesting the adoption of an individual approach to monitor sleep, training and match loads and recovery, to better understand how players cope with highly demanding competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio Costa
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, CIFI2D, Porto, Portugal
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, FPF, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro Figueiredo
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, FPF, Oeiras, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
| | - Fábio Nakamura
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Vincenzo Rago
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, CIFI2D, Porto, Portugal
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, FPF, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - António Rebelo
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, CIFI2D, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Brito
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, FPF, Oeiras, Portugal
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Figueiredo DH, Figueiredo DH, Moreira A, Gonçalves HR, Stanganelli LCR. Effect of Overload and Tapering on Individual Heart Rate Variability, Stress Tolerance, and Intermittent Running Performance in Soccer Players During a Preseason. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:1222-1231. [PMID: 30908376 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Figueiredo, DH, Figueiredo, DH, Moreira, A, Gonçalves, HR, and Stanganelli, LCR. Effect of overload and tapering on individual heart rate variability, stress tolerance, and intermittent running performance in soccer players during a preseason. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1222-1231, 2019-This study evaluates the weekly natural log of the root-mean-square difference of successive R-R intervals (lnRMSSDmean), its coefficient of variation (lnRMSSDcv), training load (TL), stress tolerance (ST), and changes in intermittent running performance in response to a 2-week overload (OL) followed by a 1-week taper (TP) during a preseason. Additionally, we determined the relationships between these variables. Ultra-short lnRMSSD, psychometric responses, and ratings of perceived exertion were evaluated daily among 16 under-19 soccer players. At the end of each training phase, the athletes performed the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo). Group analysis showed a decrease in lnRMSSDmean and ST, increases in lnRMSSDcv, and decreases in the Yo-Yo during OL, with a return to baseline levels and a trivial increase in the Yo-Yo during TP. Small to very large correlations were found between lnRMSSDmean and lnRMSSDcv values, with changes in Yo-Yo, TL, monotony, and strain during the preseason (r values ranging from -0.27 to 0.82). No correlation was found between lnRMSSD responses and ST. During OL, athletes with decreases in lnRMSSDmean and increases in lnRMSSDcv accumulated higher perceived TL, with higher monotony and overall stress, and presented a decrease in ST and intermittent running performance, interpreted as a negative adaptation in response to the maintenance of higher TL. During TP, these responses were reversed, leading to an increase in intermittent running performance. In addition, subjective measures of ST may be used to provide early indicators of training adaptation in soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego H Figueiredo
- Research Laboratory in Sports Science, State University of Londrina-LAPECE, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Moreira
- Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helcio R Gonçalves
- Sport Science Department, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Coelho AB, Nakamura FY, Morgado MC, Holmes CJ, Baldassarre A, Esco MR, Rama LM. Heart Rate Variability and Stress Recovery Responses during a Training Camp in Elite Young Canoe Sprint Athletes. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7050126. [PMID: 31126079 PMCID: PMC6571616 DOI: 10.3390/sports7050126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Training camps are typical in elite Canoeing preparation, during which, the care to assure adaptation to avoid undesired fatigue is not always present. This study aimed identifying a specific sex response in perceived training loads, recovery and stress balance, and cardiac autonomic responses. Twenty-one elite athletes (11 males and 10 females) of the Portuguese Canoeing National team participated in the investigation. The daily HRV (lnRMSSD) was monitored. The (RESTQ-52) questionnaire was used to access the recovery and stress state. The 10-day training camp was composed of two consecutive 5-day periods (P1 and P2). Data analyses were performed using confidence limits, effect size, and magnitude-based inference. In the females, Session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), lnRMSSD, and its coefficient of variation did not change between P1 and P2. However, in males, lnRMSSD showed a small reduction from P1 to P2. Also, sRPE was higher in males over the training period, with a possibly small difference at P2. Regarding RESTQ-52, total stress most likely increased with large and very large differences in males and moderate differences in females during the training period. Male canoeists undertook higher perceived training loads than females, with a consequent higher level of total perceived stress and lnRMSSD during a 10-day training camp.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B Coelho
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3040-256, Portugal.
- Department of Human Resources Training, Portuguese Canoe Federation, Vila Nova de Gaia 4430-750, Portugal.
| | - Fábio Y Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio", University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti - Via dei Vestini 31, Italy.
- The College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia.
| | | | - Clifton J Holmes
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Angela Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio", University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti - Via dei Vestini 31, Italy.
| | - Michael R Esco
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Luis M Rama
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3040-256, Portugal.
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Morales J, Roman V, Yáñez A, Solana-Tramunt M, Álamo J, Fíguls A. Physiological and Psychological Changes at the End of the Soccer Season in Elite Female Athletes. J Hum Kinet 2019; 66:99-109. [PMID: 30988844 PMCID: PMC6458576 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2018-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compares and describes relationships among stress-recovery indices, the heart rate variability index, and the Cooper and Yo-Yo IR1 tests among female soccer players during the last six weeks of the competitive season. Sixteen female soccer players engaged in a pre-test of all of the variables. After having their training monitored for six weeks, a post-test was administered. The results revealed significant (p < 0.05) differences in the specific stress-recovery scales of the RESTQ-sport and in the frequency-domain variables of the HRV, although there were no significant differences in the general stress or general recovery scales. The Yo-Yo IR1 test, the Cooper test scores, and the means of the time-domain HRV variables did not exhibit any significant differences between the pre- and the post-test. The RMSSD variations exhibited very large and large correlations with the performance test and the RESTQ-sport variables, respectively. The variations in the HRV frequency-domain variables exhibited significant moderate and large correlations among the variations of the RESTQ-sport scales. Monitoring athletes at the end of the season may reveal contradictions between some variables. To help with the interpretation of these scales, some external aspects, such as athlete strain and monotony of training, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Morales
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna–Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenç Roman
- Institut Francesc Macià. Departament d'ensenyament. Generalitat de Catalunya. Catalunya, Spain
| | - Alexandre Yáñez
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna–Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Solana-Tramunt
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna–Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Álamo
- Department of physiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antón Fíguls
- Institut Francesc Macià. Departament d'ensenyament. Generalitat de Catalunya. Catalunya, Spain
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Rabbani A, Clemente FM, Kargarfard M, Chamari K. Match Fatigue Time-Course Assessment Over Four Days: Usefulness of the Hooper Index and Heart Rate Variability in Professional Soccer Players. Front Physiol 2019; 10:109. [PMID: 30837890 PMCID: PMC6390199 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to (a) examine recovery time-course and (b) analyze the usefulness of the Hooper-Index (wellness index) and resting heart rate variability (HRV) in professional soccer players during an in-season phase. The Hooper-Index and resting HRV were collected on matchday and on the four following days in three consecutive in-season weeks in nine players (25.2 ± 4.3-years). The usefulness of monitoring variables was assessed by (a) comparing noise (typical error, TE) to the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) (TE/SWC) and (b) comparing match-related changes (i.e., signal) to TE (i.e., signal-to-noise ratio). Between-days standardized differences in the changes of Hooper-Index and HRV were compared to the SWC using magnitude-based inferences. The magnitudes of TE were small and moderate for the Hooper-Index and HRV, respectively. The Hooper-Index showed to be more useful than HRV for monitoring match-induced fatigue as having a lower TE/SWC (3.1 versus 4.4) and a higher signal-to-noise ratio (5.5 versus 1.5). Small-to-very large [range of effect sizes, 0.48; 2.43, confidence limits (0.22; 2.91)] and moderate-to-large [-1.71; -0.61 (-2.44; -0.03)] detrimental changes in Hooper-Index and HRV, respectively, were observed on the days following matchday. While group analyses showed a similar pattern for recovery time-course, more individual players responded, similarly when tracked using the Hooper -Index compared to when they were tracked using HRV. An inverse moderate within-individual relationship was observed between changes in the Hooper index and HRV [r = -0.41, (-0.60, 0.18)]. The Hooper index is an easy-to-use, no-cost, and non-invasive monitoring tool and seems promising for tracking match-induced fatigue during in the season in professional soccer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rabbani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Medical and Performance, Sporting Clube de Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Melgaço, Portugal.,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mehdi Kargarfard
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Karim Chamari
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Center Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Monitoring collegiate soccer players during a congested match schedule: Heart rate variability versus subjective wellness measures. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:527-531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mascarin RB, De Andrade VL, Barbieri RA, Loures JP, Kalva-Filho CA, Papoti M. Dynamics of Recovery of Physiological Parameters After a Small-Sided Game in Women Soccer Players. Front Physiol 2018; 9:887. [PMID: 30050459 PMCID: PMC6050376 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Training methods based on small-sided game (SSG) seem to promote physiological and tactical benefits for soccer players as they present characteristics more specific to the game. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to analyze the hormonal, biochemical, and autonomic parameters in an acute manner and the recovery dynamics (up to 72 h after) in a SSG. Methods: Thirteen professional female soccer players participated in the study (18.8 ± 0.8 years, body mass 59.4 ± 6.2 kg, and height 1.68 ± 0.05 m). During and after the SSG session (4 min × 4 min separated by 3 min of passive interval and 120 m2 coverage per player), autonomic modulation was analyzed in the time and frequency domains using heart rate variability, and blood samples (5 ml) were collected before (0 h) and after (10 min and 24, 48, 72 h) the SSG for biochemical and hormonal analysis. Results: The SSG induced an increase effect for LF (low frequency) (92,52%; Very likely increase) and a decrease effect for HF (high frequency) values (-65,72%; Very likely decrease), after 10 min of recovery. The LF/HF increase after 10 min of recovery (386,21%; Very likely increase). The RMSSD (square root of the mean squared differences of the successive N-N intervals) and pNN50 (measure of the number of adjacent NN intervals which differ by more than 50 ms) values presented a decrease effect 10 min after SSG (61,38%; Very likely decrease and-90%; Very likely decrease). The CK (creatine kinase) values presented no changes 10 min after SSG. The LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) values presented an increase effect 10 min after the SSG (19,22%; Likely increase). Both testosterone and cortisol concentrations presented the same behavior after SSG, where no alterations were observed with after 10 min (<0,37%; Most likely trivial). Conclusion: The SSG promoted significant cardiovascular stress that was restored within the first 24 h of recovery. Parasympathetic parameters continued to increase while sympathetic parameters declined significantly during the 72 h of recovery. In addition, the reduced game did not alter biochemical or hormonal responses during the 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela B Mascarin
- Post Graduate in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Physiotherapy Department, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vitor L De Andrade
- Post Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Bioscience Institute, Physical Education Department, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Barbieri
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João P Loures
- Post Graduate in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Physiotherapy Department, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Kalva-Filho
- Post Graduate in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Physiotherapy Department, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- Post Graduate in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Physiotherapy Department, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Bioscience Institute, Physical Education Department, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Schneider C, Hanakam F, Wiewelhove T, Döweling A, Kellmann M, Meyer T, Pfeiffer M, Ferrauti A. Heart Rate Monitoring in Team Sports-A Conceptual Framework for Contextualizing Heart Rate Measures for Training and Recovery Prescription. Front Physiol 2018; 9:639. [PMID: 29904351 PMCID: PMC5990631 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive monitoring of fitness, fatigue, and performance is crucial for understanding an athlete's individual responses to training to optimize the scheduling of training and recovery strategies. Resting and exercise-related heart rate measures have received growing interest in recent decades and are considered potentially useful within multivariate response monitoring, as they provide non-invasive and time-efficient insights into the status of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and aerobic fitness. In team sports, the practical implementation of athlete monitoring systems poses a particular challenge due to the complex and multidimensional structure of game demands and player and team performance, as well as logistic reasons, such as the typically large number of players and busy training and competition schedules. In this regard, exercise-related heart rate measures are likely the most applicable markers, as they can be routinely assessed during warm-ups using short (3–5 min) submaximal exercise protocols for an entire squad with common chest strap-based team monitoring devices. However, a comprehensive and meaningful monitoring of the training process requires the accurate separation of various types of responses, such as strain, recovery, and adaptation, which may all affect heart rate measures. Therefore, additional information on the training context (such as the training phase, training load, and intensity distribution) combined with multivariate analysis, which includes markers of (perceived) wellness and fatigue, should be considered when interpreting changes in heart rate indices. The aim of this article is to outline current limitations of heart rate monitoring, discuss methodological considerations of univariate and multivariate approaches, illustrate the influence of different analytical concepts on assessing meaningful changes in heart rate responses, and provide case examples for contextualizing heart rate measures using simple heuristics. To overcome current knowledge deficits and methodological inconsistencies, future investigations should systematically evaluate the validity and usefulness of the various approaches available to guide and improve the implementation of decision-support systems in (team) sports practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Hanakam
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thimo Wiewelhove
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Michael Kellmann
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Tim Meyer
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mark Pfeiffer
- Institute of Sport Science, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Effects of Late-Night Training on "Slow-Wave Sleep Episode" and Hour-by-Hour-Derived Nocturnal Cardiac Autonomic Activity in Female Soccer Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018; 13:638-644. [PMID: 29345542 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the sensitivity of nocturnal heart-rate-variability-monitoring methods to the effects of late-night soccer training sessions in female athletes. METHODS Eleven female soccer players competing in the first division of the Portuguese soccer league wore heart-rate monitors during sleep at night throughout a 1-wk competitive in-season microcycle, after late-night training sessions (n = 3) and rest days (n = 3). Heart rate variability was analyzed through "slow-wave sleep episode" (10-min duration) and "hour by hour" (all the RR intervals recorded throughout the hours of sleep). Training load was quantified by session rating of perceived exertion (281.8 [117.9] to 369.0 [111.7] arbitrary units [a.u.]) and training impulse (77.5 [36.5] to 110.8 [31.6] a.u.), added to subjective well-being ratings (Hopper index = 11.6 [4.4] to 12.8 [3.2] a.u.). These variables were compared between training and rest days using repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS The log-transformed slow-wave sleep-episode cardiac autonomic activity (lnRMSSD [natural logarithm of the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent normal RR intervals] varying between 3.92 [0.57] and 4.20 [0.60] ms; [Formula: see text]; 95% confidence interval, .01-.26), lnHF (natural logarithm of high frequency), lnLF (natural logarithm of low frequency), lnSD1 (natural logarithm of short-term beat-to-beat variability), and lnSD2 (natural logarithm of long-term beat-to-beat variability), and the nontransformed LF/HF were not different among night-training session days and rest days (P > .05). Considering the hour-by-hour method (lnRMSSD varying between 4.05 [0.35] and 4.33 [0.32] ms; [Formula: see text]; 95% confidence interval, .26-.52), lnHF, lnLF, lnSD1, and lnSD2 and the nontransformed LF/HF were not different among night-training session days and rest days (P > .05). CONCLUSION Late-night soccer training does not seem to affect nocturnal slow-wave sleep-episode and hour-by-hour heart-rate-variability indices in highly trained athletes.
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Clemente FM, Mendes B, Palao JM, Silvério A, Carriço S, Calvete F, Nakamura FY. Seasonal player wellness and its longitudinal association with internal training load: study in elite volleyball. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:345-351. [PMID: 29619798 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring training load is critical to minimize the risk of overreaching, injury or illness. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationships and variance between perceived internal load and wellness status of elite male volleyball. METHODS Thirteen elite volleyball players were studied during a full competitive season (nine months, 237 training sessions and 37 official matches). Perceived exertion, muscle soreness, stress, fatigue and sleep quality levels were daily measured using session RPE and the Hopper Questionnaire. RESULTS Moderate-to-large correlations were found between weekly training load and perceived status of muscle soreness, fatigue and stress. Stronger correlations were found between weekly training loads than daily training load. Significant greater stress levels in match days than in training were found. No correlations between load and wellness were not found in the last month when players perceived higher levels of stress due to the competition. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of the weekly training load had a higher relationship with players' wellness status in preseason and middle of the season. In the last part of the season (final matches for the title), despite of a decrease in perceived load of last month of the season, there was an increase stress and fatigue levels. These results suggest the importance of including the impact on the competition when elite athletes are monitored. The results show the monitoring tools used may help in to characterize the training process of teams and the player's acute and chronic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe M Clemente
- Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, School of Desporto e Lazer, Melgaço, Portugal - .,Telecommunications Institute, Delegation of Covilhã, Covilhã, Portugal -
| | - Bruno Mendes
- Benfica LAB, Sport Lisboa e Benfica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M Palao
- Department of Health, Exercise Science and Sport Management, University of Wisconsin Parkside, Kenosha, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Fábio Y Nakamura
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
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Loturco I, Pereira LA, Kobal R, Kitamura K, Cal Abad CC, Marques G, Guerriero A, Moraes JE, Nakamura FY. Validity and Usability of a New System for Measuring and Monitoring Variations in Vertical Jump Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 31:2579-2585. [PMID: 28658079 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Loturco, I, Pereira, LA, Kobal, R, Kitamura, K, Cal Abad, CC, Marques, G, Guerriero, A, Moraes, JE, and Nakamura, FY. Validity and usability of a new system for measuring and monitoring variations in vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2579-2585, 2017-Vertical jump (VJ) height is one of the most sensitive measures to quantify training-related fatigue and athletic performance in elite athletes. Currently, however, there is no equipment designed to graphically deliver the daily performance changes in VJ compared with the smallest worthwhile change (SWC), which is considered essential in "progressive statistics" to judge meaningful performance fluctuations. The aims of the study were to analyze the criterion validity of a new contact mat (i.e., Elite Jump), alongside testing its usability to detect meaningful changes in VJ of elite team sport athletes. A total of 31 athletes participated in the criterion validity part of the study, whereas 17 rugby players participated in the VJ sensitivity part. When compared with the force plate, the contact mat produced squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) values with very high intraclass correlation coefficients (0.998 and 0.997, respectively) and very low biases (-0.11 and -0.08 cm, respectively), as assessed by the Bland-Altman plot. In addition, during a training microcycle, rugby players presented identical meaningful changes in performance in both SJ and CMJ when comparing the Elite Jump and Hopkins' spreadsheet outputs. Therefore, the contact mat is valid and the proprietary software can properly execute the SWC calculations, providing coaches and researchers with accurate information concerning variations in the physical performance of elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irineu Loturco
- 1NAR-Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil; 2CBRu-Brazilian Rugby Confederation, São Paulo, Brazil; and 3State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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48
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Rundfeldt LC, Maggioni MA, Coker RH, Gunga HC, Riveros-Rivera A, Schalt A, Steinach M. Cardiac Autonomic Modulations and Psychological Correlates in the Yukon Arctic Ultra: The Longest and the Coldest Ultramarathon. Front Physiol 2018; 9:35. [PMID: 29483874 PMCID: PMC5816048 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on human physical performance in extreme environments have effectively approached the investigation of adaptation mechanisms and their physiological limits. As scientific interest in the interplay between physiological and psychological aspects of performance is growing, we aimed to investigate cardiac autonomic control, by means of heart rate variability, and psychological correlates, in competitors of a subarctic ultramarathon, taking place over a 690 km course (temperatures between +5 and -47°C). At baseline (PRE), after 277 km (D1), 383 km (D2), and post-race (POST, 690 km), heart rate (HR) recordings (supine, 15 min), psychometric measurements (Profile of Mood States/POMS, Borg fatigue, and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale scores both upon arrival and departure) were obtained in 16 competitors (12 men, 4 women, 38.6 ± 9.5 years). As not all participants reached the finish line, comparison of finishers (FIN, n = 10) and non-finishers (NON, n = 6), allowed differential assessment of performance. Resting HR increased overall significantly at D1 (FIN +15.9; NON +14.0 bpm), due to a significant decrease in parasympathetic drive. This decrease was in FIN only partially recovered toward POST. In FIN only, baseline HR was negatively correlated with mean velocity [r -0.63 (P.04)] and parasympathetic drive [pNN50+: r -0.67 (P.03)], a lower HR and a higher vagal tone predicting a better performance. Moreover, in FIN, a persistent increase of the long-term self-similarity coefficient, assessed by detrended fluctuation analysis (DFAα2), was retrieved, possibly due to higher alertness. As for psychometrics, at D1, POMS Vigor decreased (FIN: -7.0; NON: -3.8), while Fatigue augmented (FIN: +6.9; NON: +5.0). Sleepiness increased only in NON, while Borg scales did not exhibit changes. Baseline comparison of mood states with normative data for athletes displayed significantly higher positive mood in our athletes. Results show that: the race conditions induced early decreases in parasympathetic drive; the extent of vagal withdrawal, associated to the timing of its recovery, is crucial for success; pre-competition lower resting HR predicts a better performance; psychological profile is reliably depicted by POMS, but not by Borg fatigue scales. Therefore, assessment of heart rate variability and psychological profile may monitor and partly predict performance in long-duration ultramarathon in extreme cold environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea C Rundfeldt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina A Maggioni
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert H Coker
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Hanns-Christian Gunga
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alain Riveros-Rivera
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriane Schalt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Steinach
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Mertová M, Botek M, Krejčí J, McKune AJ. Heart rate variability recovery after a skyrunning marathon and correlates of performance. ACTA GYMNICA 2017. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2017.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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50
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Ultra-shortened time-domain HRV parameters at rest and following exercise in athletes: an alternative to frequency computation of sympathovagal balance. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 118:175-184. [PMID: 29128939 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) to root mean square of successive normal-to-normal interval differences (RMSSD) ratio from 1-min recordings (SDNN:RMSSD1-min) compared to criterion recordings, as well as its relationship to low-frequency-to-high-frequency ratio (LF:HF) at rest and following maximal exercise in a group of collegiate athletes. METHOD Twenty athletes participated in the study. Heart rate variability (HRV) data were measured for 5 min before and at 5-10 and 25-30 min following a maximal exercise test. From each 5-min segment, the frequency-domain measures of HF, LF, and LF:HF ratio were analyzed. Time-domain measures of SDNN, RMSSD, and SDNN:RMSSD ratio were also analyzed from each 5-min segment, as well as from randomly selected 1-min recordings. RESULT The 1-min values of SDNN, RMSSD, and SDNN:RMSSD provided no significant differences and nearly perfect intra-class correlations (ICCs ranged from 0.97 to 1.00, p < 0.001 for all) to the criterion measures from 5-min recordings. In addition, SDNN, RMSSD, and SDNN:RMSSD from the 1-min segments provided very large to nearly perfect correlations (r values ranged from 0.71 to 0.97, p < 0.001 for all) to LF, HF, and LF:HF, respectively, at each time point. CONCLUSION The findings of the study suggest that ultra-shortened time-domain markers may be useful surrogates of the frequency-domain parameters for tracking changes in sympathovagal activity in athletes.
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