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Roso-Moliner A, Mainer-Pardos E, Bishop C, Gonzalo-Skok O. Assessment of the Relationship Between Physical Performance and Percentage Change-of-Direction Deficit in Highly Trained Female Football Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39293788 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2024-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Different studies indicate that female players in team sports such as soccer tend to have a lower change-of-direction (COD) deficit (CODD) than their male counterparts and that players who performed better in linear and curved sprints tended to have a worse CODD, suggesting that maximum speed does not equate to a faster COD. This study assessed how performance variables related to speed and jumping influence the variability of %CODD among adult highly trained female soccer players. METHODS Fifty-two highly trained female soccer players (age 23.1 [3.25] y; height 163.6 [5.49] cm; weight 59.7 [5.71] kg) participated in this study and performed 180COD, 40-m sprint, countermovement jump, and standing broad jump tests. RESULTS Significant correlations were found between 180CODL, %CODDR, %CODDL, and between-limbs standing broad jump asymmetry (r = .28-.74). A very large correlation existed between %CODDR and %CODDL (r = .91). Regression analyses indicated a strong inverse relationship between the 10-m sprint time and %CODDR and %CODDL. No predictive models were found for 180COD in either limb. Differences in performance variables such as 180CODR, 180CODL, and asymmetry %CODD were significant between the high- and low-%CODD groups, with moderate to large effect sizes. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that specific physical-performance variables, particularly acceleration and unilateral horizontal jumping, are vital to improving COD in highly trained female soccer players, highlighting the need for specific training interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chris Bishop
- Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Gonzalo-Skok
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain
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Helme M, Emmonds S, Low C, Till K. A Novel Case Study Approach to the Investigation of Leg Strength Asymmetry and Rugby League Player's Multidirectional Speed. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:941-947. [PMID: 38260986 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Helme, M, Emmonds, S, Low, C, and Till, K. A novel case study approach to the investigation of leg strength asymmetry and Rugby League player's multidirectional speed. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 941-947, 2024-Leg strength and multidirectional speed qualities have repeatedly been linked with increased performance during Rugby League (RL) match play and associated with career attainment. However, very little of this evidence for strength has been gained through unilateral measurements with no study available that has examined the impact of strength asymmetry, in this population, on speed qualities in RL players. Therefore, this study examined the association between unilateral strength, and as a novel development, the subject with the most extreme asymmetry was identified for further analysis. Fifty RL players undertook the rear foot elevated split squat 5 repetition maximum, 20-m linear sprint, and modified 505 change of direction test. The mean leg strength for the group was 88.92 ± 12.59 kg; when divided by body mass, the mean relative strength (REL) was 1.03 ± 0.17 kg·kg -1 , and the mean asymmetry was 3.21 ± 5.70%. The subject with the greatest asymmetry (subject A) had an imbalance of 33% and a mean leg strength of 75 kg (REL = 0.78 kg·kg -1 ) and a body mass 1 SD above the group mean. Analysis of the group's data and that of subject A did not indicate that leg strength asymmetry was either frequent or harmful, with respect to speed performance. However, relative leg strength was associated with both improved linear and multidirectional speed. Practitioners are recommended to prioritize the development of relative leg strength and disregard the aspiration for between leg performance symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Helme
- Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stacey Emmonds
- Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Low
- Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Kevin Till
- Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Barrué-Belou S, Démaret MA, Wurtz A, Ducloux A, Fourchet F, Bothorel H. Absolute and Normalized Normative Torque Values of Knee Extensors and Flexors in Healthy Trained Subjects: Asymmetry Questions the Classical Use of Uninjured Limb as Reference. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2024; 6:100861. [PMID: 38288034 PMCID: PMC10823066 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2023.100861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To provide normative values of maximal isometric torque of knee extensors and flexors measured at 80° of knee flexion and to characterize the results in healthy subjects practicing activities at risk of anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Methods Seventy-four trained volunteers (35 male and 39 female) aged 18 to 41 years were recruited. They alternately performed 3 maximal voluntary isometric contractions of knee extension and flexion. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction net torque was computed as the mean value of the peak torques recorded over the 3 trials. Results For women, the absolute torque for extensors was 143.5 ± 34.4 N⋅m (range, 87.7-253.1 N⋅m) and 66.8 ± 13.8 N⋅m (range, 37.5-93.1) for flexors. For men, the absolute torque for extensors was 199.8 ± 47.3 N⋅m (range, 99.3-311.5 N⋅m) and 89.8 ± 21.0 N⋅m (range, 51.8-137.2 N⋅m) for flexors. For women, the body mass normalized torque for extensors was 2.20 ± 0.51 N⋅m.kg-1 (range, 1.22-3.74 N⋅m.kg-1) and 1.04 ± 0.26 N⋅m.kg-1 (range, 0.41-1.50 N⋅m.kg-1) for flexors. For men, the normalized torque for extensors was 2.74 ± 0.58 N⋅m.kg-1 (range, 1.51-4.08 N⋅m.kg-1) and 1.24 ± 0.30 N⋅m.kg-1 (range, 0.64-2.05 N⋅m.kg-1) for flexors. Conclusions This study provides absolute and normalized normative values of maximal isometric torque measured at 80° of knee flexion for extensors and flexors in a series of healthy trained subjects practicing activities at risk of anterior cruciate ligament rupture. The considerable level of interlimb asymmetry and the weak association between dominance and strength observed in uninjured subjects call into question the classical use of contralateral side as reference for injured patients. Clinical Relevance Patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are the most represented subjects using isokinetic dynamometers in many sport medicine and rehabilitation departments. Clinicians need reference values to compare patients with ACL injuries with comparable healthy subjects. This study may provide this information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Barrué-Belou
- Physiotherapy Department and Motion Analysis Lab, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, La Tour Hospital, Meyrin, Switzerland
- Sports University Clinic, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc-Antoine Démaret
- Sports University Clinic, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Swiss Olympic Medical Center Cressy Santé - University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Wurtz
- Physiotherapy Department and Motion Analysis Lab, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, La Tour Hospital, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - Alicia Ducloux
- Physiotherapy Department and Motion Analysis Lab, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, La Tour Hospital, Meyrin, Switzerland
- Research Department, La Tour Hospital, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - François Fourchet
- Physiotherapy Department and Motion Analysis Lab, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, La Tour Hospital, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Bothorel
- Research Department, La Tour Hospital, Meyrin, Switzerland
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Smolarek T, Haff GG, Poon WCK, Nagatani T, Barley OR, Guppy SN. Dynamic and Isometric Force-Time Curve Characteristics Influencing Change of Direction Performance of State-Level Netball Players. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:2397-2404. [PMID: 37815246 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Smolarek, T, Haff, GG, Poon, WCK, Nagatani, T, Barley, OR, and Guppy, SN. Dynamic and isometric force-time curve characteristics influencing change of direction performance of state-level netball players. J Strength Cond Res 37(12): 2397-2404, 2023-Although multiple lower-body strength capacities are required to change direction rapidly, there is limited knowledge about the relative importance of these factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between dynamic and isometric lower-body strength capacities and change of direction (COD) time in state-league netball players. Seventeen female athletes completed maximal isometric midthigh pull (IMTP), countermovement jump (CMJ), and modified 5-0-5 COD tests. Pearson's product moment correlations were used to determine the relationship between COD time and several IMTP and CMJ force-time curve characteristics. To assess the level of contribution of each force-time curve characteristic to COD time, multivariate-linear stepwise regression analyses were performed. A significant moderate correlation was noted between net relative peak force (PF) during the IMTP and COD time ( r = 0.488, p = 0.047), accounting for 23.8% of the variance in COD time. Moreover, concentric relative impulse during the CMJ was strongly correlated with COD time ( r = 0.718; p = 0.001), explaining 81.9% of the variance in COD time when combined with net relative braking PF in a stepwise regression. Based on these findings, female netball players who display higher concentric and isometric strength, as well as the ability to express higher impulses during the concentric phase of the CMJ, are likely to perform CODs faster. This may occur because COD requires the generation of greater propulsive forces, as well as reduced braking and contact times, along with greater isometric strength enabling effective repositioning of center of mass during COD tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinka Smolarek
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - G Gregory Haff
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; and
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Wayne C K Poon
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; and
| | - Tsuyoshi Nagatani
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; and
| | - Oliver R Barley
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; and
| | - Stuart N Guppy
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; and
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Roso-Moliner A, Lozano D, Nobari H, Bishop C, Carton-Llorente A, Mainer-Pardos E. Horizontal jump asymmetries are associated with reduced range of motion and vertical jump performance in female soccer players. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:80. [PMID: 37422669 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Performance in jumping and change of direction tests are good proxies to reflect the skill level during soccer-specific actions. Greater inter-leg asymmetries have been identified as a risk factor for developing acute and overuse injuries and jeopardizing soccer performance. The aim of this study was to assess the association between asymmetry in the unilateral vertical and horizontal jump tests, ankle range of motion, linear velocity, and change of direction in a sample of highly trained adult female soccer players. METHODS Thirty-eight highly trained female soccer players underwent a testing protocol including ankle dorsiflexion, single leg jumps for height (CMJ), distance (HJ), 40 m sprint and 180° change of direction tests. RESULTS Within-session reliability was acceptable (CV ≤ 7.9%), and relative reliability showed good to excellent (ICC: 0.83 to 0.99). The one-way ANOVA reported higher inter-limb differences for change of direction deficit (10.9 ± 8.04%) and single leg CMJ (5.70 ± 5.22%). Pearson correlations highlighted significant relationships between horizontal jump asymmetries and ankle dorsiflexion (r = -0.41), CMJ (r = -0.36 to -0.49) and HJ (r = -0.28 to -0.56). CONCLUSIONS Assessing inter-limb asymmetries through different methods can help scientists understand the specificity of their detrimental effects on soccer performance. Practitioners should be aware of these specificities as well as the magnitude and direction of the asymmetries when aiming to improve specific on-field skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Roso-Moliner
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Jorge, Autov A23 Km 299, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Demetrio Lozano
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Jorge, Autov A23 Km 299, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Chris Bishop
- Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, NW4 1RL, UK
| | - Antonio Carton-Llorente
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Jorge, Autov A23 Km 299, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Mainer-Pardos
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Jorge, Autov A23 Km 299, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830, Zaragoza, Spain
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Jiang D, Liu Z, Ling X, Dai J, Long L, Lu Y, Zhou S. Investigating the impact of inter-limb asymmetry in hamstring strength on jump, sprint, and strength performance in young athletes: comparing the role of gross force. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1185397. [PMID: 37304819 PMCID: PMC10248013 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1185397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the impact of the inter-limb asymmetry of hamstring strength on jump, sprint and strength performance and to compare the effects of inter-limb asymmetry of hamstring strength with gross force (GF) of the hamstring on these physical qualities in youth volleyball athletes. Eighty-one youth volleyball players (age: 16.6 ± 1.9 years; training experience: 3.0 ± 0.9 years; height: 191.4 ± 7.1 cm; body mass: 78.5 ± 12.9 kg; lean body mass: 63.5 ± 10.5 kg; body fat rate: 18.6% ± 6.1%) performed a mid-season battery of tests consisting of morphological test, depth jump (DJ), counter movement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), 10 m sprint, isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) and hamstring strength test. All tests reported good to excellent reliability (ICC range = 0.815-0.996) and acceptable variability (CV range = 3.26-7.84%). Results show a significant negative relationship between inter-limb asymmetry of hamstring strength and all physical qualities (r = -0.271 to -0.445; p < 0.05), and a significant positive relationship between GF of hamstring and all physical qualities (r = 0.303 to 0.664; p < 0.05). Additionally, GF of hamstring was more relevant to IMTP-PF (peak force) (r = 0.664) and inter-limb asymmetry of hamstring strength was more relevant to 10 m sprint (r = -0.445). The findings from this study indicate that, for youth athletes, the GF of the hamstring is crucial for overall lower limb strength performance, and the importance of inter-limb symmetry of hamstring strength increases with the complexity of the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongting Jiang
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Liu
- Physical Education College, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ling
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjin Dai
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Long
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongren Lu
- Youth Competitive Sports School, Guangdong Provincial Sports Bureau, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengqing Zhou
- School of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
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7
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Henríquez M, Peña-González I, Albaladejo-García C, Sadarangani KP, Reina R. Sex differences in change of direction deficit and asymmetries in footballers with cerebral palsy. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023. [PMID: 37149724 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were (1) to describe and examine differences in change of direction (COD) performance and the magnitude of asymmetries in para-footballers with cerebral palsy (CP) and controls and (2) to evaluate the association between COD outcomes and linear sprint performance. Twenty-eight international para-footballers with CP and thirty-nine non-impaired football players (control group) participated in this study. All participants completed a 10-m sprint and two attempts of the 505 COD test with the dominant and non-dominant leg. The COD deficit was calculated using the difference between the 505 test and the 10-m sprint time, while the asymmetry index was determined by comparing each leg's completion time and COD deficit. Players across groups showed interlimb asymmetries between the dominant and non-dominant legs in COD outcomes and deficit (p < 0.05, dg = -0.40 to -1.46), although these asymmetries imbalance were not significantly different between the sexes with and without impairment. Males with CP exhibited a faster directional COD speed and a shorter COD deficit than their female counterparts (p < 0.01, dg = -1.68 to -2.53). Similarly, the control group had faster scores than the CP groups of the same sex (p < 0.05, dg = 0.53 to 3.78). Lastly, the female CP group and male control groups showed a significant association between sprint and the COD deficit in the dominant leg (p < 0.05, r = -0.58 to 0.65). Therefore, the use of directional dominance, the COD deficit, and asymmetry outcomes could be helpful for classification purposes to assess the impact of the impairment on sport-specific activity testing according to sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Henríquez
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Dentistry and Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Providencia, Chile
| | | | | | - Kabir P Sadarangani
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health and Dentistry, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raul Reina
- Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
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8
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Silva AF, Oliveira R, Raya-González J, van den Hoek D, Akyildiz Z, Yıldız M, Garrett JM, Nobari H, Clemente FM. Difference between preferred and non-preferred leg in peak speed, acceleration, and deceleration variables and their relationships with the change-of-direction deficit. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21440. [PMID: 36509823 PMCID: PMC9744825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was two-fold: (i) analyze the variation of kinematic measures between using preferred and non-preferred legs while braking during the 5-0-5 change of direction test; and (ii) test the relationships between kinematic measures, and change-of-direction deficit (CODD). A cross-sectional study using twenty adult male soccer players (21.6 ± 2.0 years; 73.2 ± 6.1 kg; 174.8 ± 4.5 cm) was employed. Players performed three repetitions of the 5-0-5 test using each leg during the braking phase. Players have used the Polar Team Pro to obtain the kinematic measures of peak speed, peak acceleration, and peak deceleration. Additionally, the CODD was also obtained using single-beamed photocells. Comparisons revealed a significantly greater peak acceleration (+ 0.22 m/s2; p < 0.001) and deceleration (+ 0.17 m/s2; p = 0.004) for the non-preferred leg. There were no significant correlations were found between CODD and peak accelerations (r = - 0.014, [- 0.193; 0.166]), peak decelerations (r = - 0.052, [- 0.229; 0.128]) or peak speed (r = 0.118, [- 0.063; 0.291]). This study revealed that preferred and non-preferred leg must be analyzed differently since they are different in the kinematic variables. However, CODD seems independent of leg preference and the kinematic measures of a 5-0-5 change of direction test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Silva
- grid.27883.360000 0000 8824 6371Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana Do Castelo, Portugal ,Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- grid.513237.1The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal ,grid.410927.90000 0001 2171 5310Sports Science School of Rio Maior–Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal ,grid.512803.dLife Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Javier Raya-González
- grid.465942.80000 0004 4682 7468Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Isabel I, Burgos, Spain
| | - Daniel van den Hoek
- grid.411958.00000 0001 2194 1270School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD Australia ,grid.1034.60000 0001 1555 3415School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Zeki Akyildiz
- grid.25769.3f0000 0001 2169 7132Sports Science Department, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yıldız
- grid.411108.d0000 0001 0740 4815Afyon Kocatepe University Sports Science Faculty, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Joel M. Garrett
- grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Queensland Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Hadi Nobari
- grid.413026.20000 0004 1762 5445Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 5619911367 Iran ,grid.8393.10000000119412521Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain ,grid.5120.60000 0001 2159 8361Department of Motor Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, 500068 Brasov, Romania
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- grid.27883.360000 0000 8824 6371Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana Do Castelo, Portugal ,Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal ,grid.421174.50000 0004 0393 4941Delegação da Covilhã, Instituto de Telecomunicações, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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Wu CX, Liu HB, Zhao ZN, Wang YB, Luan ZL. Effects of movement direction and limb dominance on ankle muscular force in sidestep cutting. Med Eng Phys 2022; 110:103914. [PMID: 36564139 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sidestep cutting is a critical movement in sports. However, biomechanical research on sidestep cutting has not hitherto reached a consensus. In order to investigate the effects of limb dominance and movement direction on ankle and subtalar joints during sidestep cutting, twelve physically active male participants were recruited in the present study. Trajectory and ground reaction force data were collected by the motion capture system and force platform. Kinematics, kinetics, and muscle forces information were obtained by running OpenSim. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed with movement direction and limb dominance as independent variables. We found that movement direction had a significant effect on ankle dorsiflexion angle. In contrast, the factor of limb dominance had no effect on ankle and subtalar joints angles. For ankle joint moment, the plantarflexion moment was greater by performing a 45° sidestep cutting or using the dominant limb, while the subtalar joint moment was not affected by these two variables. In terms of muscle forces, the soleus of the dominant limb generated greater plantarflexion muscle force on the sagittal plane, while the non-dominant limb tended to contract more strongly (peroneus longus and peroneus brevis) on the frontal plane to stabilize the subtalar joint. Meanwhile, a smaller sidestep cutting angle made participants generate greater plantarflexion muscle forces (soleus and gastrocnemius). In conclusion, our findings indicated that participants should take limb dominance and movement direction into consideration for enhancing athletic performance and reducing the risk of injury during sidestep cutting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xiao Wu
- School of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hai-Bin Liu
- School of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhi-Nan Zhao
- School of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yu-Bin Wang
- School of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Luan
- Advance Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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10
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Sarvestan J, Shirzad E, Arshi AR, Mousavian F. Analysis of change of direction performance with dominant and non-dominant leg using linear and nonlinear approaches. Sports Biomech 2022:1-17. [PMID: 36175115 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2112750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to analyse the lower limb kinematics during the change of direction (COD) performance with the dominant (DL) and non-dominant (NDL) leg using linear (traditional kinematics) and nonlinear (Self Organising Map-based cluster analysis) approaches. Three 5-0-5 COD performances with the DL and three with the NDL were performed by 23 (aged 21.6 ± 2.3 years) collegiate athletes. No significant difference was observed between the COD duration, and approach speed of DL and NDL. Significantly greater ankle abductions, knee and hip external rotations were identified in COD with DL, compared to NDL (p < .001, d > 0.8). Self Organising Maps portrayed a completely different coordination pattern profile during change of direction performance with the DL and NDL. The cluster analysis illustrated similar inter-individual coordination patterning when participants turned with their DL or NDL. No visible relationship was observed in the cluster analysis of the lower limb joint angles and angular velocities. Outcomes of this study portrayed that coordination patterning (combination of joint angles and the rate of change of angles) could portray the movement patterning differences in different tasks, while a sole investigation on the joint angles or angular velocities may not reveal the underlying mechanisms of movement patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sarvestan
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Biomechanics and Functional Morphology Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Health and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Shirzad
- Department of Health and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmed Reza Arshi
- Biomechanics and Sports Engineering Groups, Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mousavian
- Department of Health and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Why Sports Should Embrace Bilateral Asymmetry: A Narrative Review. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14101993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Asymmetry is ubiquitous in nature and humans have well-established bilateral asymmetries in their structures and functions. However, there are (mostly unsubstantiated) claims that bilateral asymmetries may impair sports performance or increase injury risk. (2) Objective: To critically review the evidence of the occurrence and effects of asymmetry and sports performance. (3) Development: Asymmetry is prevalent across several sports regardless of age, gender, or competitive level, and can be verified even in apparently symmetric actions (e.g., running and rowing). Assessments of bilateral asymmetries are highly task-, metric-, individual-, and sport-specific; fluctuate significantly in time (in magnitude and, more importantly, in direction); and tend to be poorly correlated among themselves, as well as with general performance measures. Assessments of sports-specific performance is mostly lacking. Most studies assessing bilateral asymmetries do not actually assess the occurrence of injuries. While injuries tend to accentuate bilateral asymmetries, there is no evidence that pre-existing asymmetries increase injury risk. While training programs reduce certain bilateral asymmetries, there is no evidence that such reductions result in increased sport-specific performance or reduced injury risk. (4) Conclusions: Bilateral asymmetries are prevalent in sports, do not seem to impair performance, and there is no evidence that suggests that they increase injury risk.
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12
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Effects of 8-Week In-Season Contrast Strength Training Program on Measures of Athletic Performance and Lower-Limb Asymmetry in Male Youth Volleyball Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116547. [PMID: 35682140 PMCID: PMC9180623 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Strength training using high and lower load such as contrast training (CST) seems to be beneficial as it addresses larger adaptive reserves in youth athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CST on dynamic balance (composite score during dynamic balance test (CS-YBT)), one repetition maximum lower-limb back squat (1RM), jumping performance (single-leg hop (SLH) or countermovement jump height (CMJ)), lower-limb asymmetry (predicted from the single-leg jump performance between two legs [ILA]) in elite youth male volleyball players. Thirty-one male youth volleyball players aged 14 years were randomly assigned to a CST group (n = 16) or a control group (n = 15). The tests were performed before and after 8 weeks of training. Significant group × time interactions was observed for CS-YBT [p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.70], 1RM [p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.95], SLH with right and left leg [p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.69 and 0.51], CMJ [p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.47]), whilst it was not notable in ILA [p < 0.294]. Post hoc tests showed that CST group demonstrated greater improvement in all of the dependent variables from medium to large effect size (for all p < 0.001). As a result, 8 weeks of CST twice a week can be an effective and efficient training along with volleyball training to improve skill-related fitness measures, except for lower-limb asymmetry in young volleyball players.
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13
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Madruga-Parera M, Bishop C, Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe A, Beato M, Gonzalo-Skok O, Romero-Rodríguez D. Effects of 8 Weeks of Isoinertial vs. Cable-Resistance Training on Motor Skills Performance and Interlimb Asymmetries. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1200-1208. [PMID: 32379241 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Madruga-Parera, M, Bishop, C, Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, A, Beato, M, Gonzalo-Skok, O, and Romero-Rodríguez, D. Effects of 8-weeks of Isoinertial vs. Cable-resistance Training on Motor Skills Performance and Interlimb Asymmetries. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1200-1208, 2022-The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 8 weeks of isoinertial vs. cable-resistance training on motor skills performance and interlimb asymmetries in handball players. Thirty-four young male handball players (mean ± SD: age: 15.96 ± 1.39 years; height: 1.74 ± 0.73 m; body mass: 70.5 ± 13.3 kg) participated in a randomized trial. The players performed an isoinertial program using a portable flywheel device or a cable-resistance device. Performance variations and interlimb asymmetries in dominant (D) and nondominant (ND) limb means of the unilateral countermovement jump (UCMJ), the unilateral lateral jump (ULJ), the unilateral broad jump (UBJ), handball throwing (HT), change of direction speed (COD180), the linear sprint (S20), the V-CUT test, and the repeated change of direction (RCOD) were recorded. Significant interactions were shown in RCODD (p = 0.003, ηp = 0.25), HT (p = 0.015, ηp = 0.17) and UCMJASY (p = 0.037, ηp = 0.13). Post-hoc testing revealed higher effect sizes in the isoinertial group (p < 0.05) for the performance improvements in RCODD (-1.35 large vs. -0.22, small) and HT (0.88, moderate vs. 0.00, trivial), in addition to interlimb asymmetry reductions in UCMJASY (-0.70 moderate vs. -0.32, small). Significant main effects of time in COD180, RCOD, UCMJ, and UBJ for both limbs (p < 0.05, from moderate to large effect size), and in ULJND (p < 0.001, large), UCMJASY (p < 0.001, moderate), V-CUT (p = 0.014, small), and HT (p = 0.015, large) were found. The effect sizes revealed greater magnitudes in the isoinertial group. In conclusion, although both resistance training programs improve players' to physical performance and reduce interlimb asymmetries, greater improvements were recorded with the isoinertial resistance training than with the cable-resistance methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Madruga-Parera
- University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Chris Bishop
- Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Azahara Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport (FPCEE) and School of Health Sciences (FCS) Blanquerna, University of Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Beato
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, United Kingdom ; and
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14
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Parkinson AO, Apps CL, Morris JG, Barnett CT, Lewis MGC. The Calculation, Thresholds and Reporting of Inter-Limb Strength Asymmetry: A Systematic Review. J Sports Sci Med 2021; 20:594-617. [PMID: 35321131 PMCID: PMC8488821 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of inter-limb strength differences is well documented in the literature however, there are inconsistencies related to measurement and reporting, and the normative values and effects associated with inter-limb asymmetry. Therefore, the aims of this systematic review were to: 1) assess the appropriateness of existing indices for the calculation of asymmetry, 2) interrogate the evidence basis for literature reported thresholds used to define asymmetry and 3) summarise normative levels of inter-limb strength asymmetry and their effects on injury and performance. To conduct this systematic review, scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science) were searched and a total of 3,594 articles were retrieved and assessed for eligibility and article quality. The robustness of each identified asymmetry index was assessed, and the evidence-basis of the identified asymmetry thresholds was appraised retrospectively using the references provided. Fifty-three articles were included in this review. Only four of the twelve identified indices were unaffected by the limitations associated with selecting a reference limb. Eighteen articles applied a threshold to original research to identify "abnormal" asymmetry, fifteen of which utilised a threshold between 10-15%, yet this threshold was not always supported by appropriate evidence. Asymmetry scores ranged between and within populations from approximate symmetry to asymmetries larger than 15%. When reporting the effects of strength asymmetries, increased injury risk and detriments to performance were often associated with larger asymmetry, however the evidence was inconsistent. Limitations of asymmetry indices should be recognised, particularly those that require selection of a reference limb. Failure to reference the origin of the evidence for an asymmetry threshold reinforces doubt over the use of arbitrary thresholds, such as 10-15%. Therefore, an individual approach to defining asymmetry may be necessary to refine robust calculation methods and to establish appropriate thresholds across various samples and methodologies that enable appropriate conclusions to be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy O Parkinson
- Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte L Apps
- Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - John G Morris
- Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cleveland T Barnett
- Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin G C Lewis
- Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- University of Derby, School of Human Sciences, Derby, United Kingdom
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15
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Relationship between Asymmetries Measured on Different Levels in Elite Basketball Players. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13081436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the association of magnitude and agreement in direction between asymmetries measured on single-joint (hip and trunk), complex movement (jumping), and skill (change of direction (CoD)) levels. The study sample comprised 43 junior- and senior-level (age = 20.5 ± 6.0 years; height = 194.5 ± 7.2 cm; body mass = 86.8 ± 10.1 kg) elite male basketball players. Both limbs/sides were tested in hip and trunk isometric strength; passive range of motion (RoM); unilateral, horizontal, and vertical jumping; and CoD tests, from which asymmetry indexes were calculated. The associations between asymmetry magnitudes were calculated with Spearman’s ρ correlation coefficient. The agreement between the direction of asymmetries on different levels was calculated with Cohen’’s Kappa (κ) coefficient. The average magnitude of asymmetry varied substantially (2.9–40.3%). Most associations between asymmetry magnitudes measured on different levels were small and statistically non-significant, with a few exceptions of moderate and large associations. Asymmetry in single-leg countermovement jump parameters was strongly associated with hip abduction maximal strength (ρ = 0.58 and 0.50, p < 0.01). Agreement between asymmetry directions was slight to fair, with a few moderate exceptions. Results indicate that multiple tests are needed to obtain a comprehensive picture of athletes’ asymmetries and that universal thresholds and golden standard tests for return to play should be reconsidered and reinvestigated.
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16
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Virgile A, Bishop C. A Narrative Review of Limb Dominance: Task Specificity and the Importance of Fitness Testing. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:846-858. [PMID: 33470600 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Virgile, A and Bishop, C. A narrative review of limb dominance: Task specificity and the importance of fitness testing. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 846-858, 2021-Preferential limb function must be sustained through repetitious asymmetrical activities for continuous athletic development and, ultimately, optimal athletic performance. As such, the prevalence of limb dominance and between-limb differences is common in athletes. Severe between-limb differences have been associated with reductions in athletic performance and increased injury risk in athletes. However, in the current literature, the terms limb preference and limb dominance have been used interchangeably. Together, these terms include a limb that is subjectively preferred and one that is objectively dominant in 1 or more performance measures from a variety of athletic tasks. In this review, we (a) discuss reported correspondence between task-specific limb preference and limb dominance outcomes in athletes, (b) provide greater context and distinction between the terms limb preference and limb dominance, and (c) offer pragmatic strategies for practitioners to assess context-specific limb dominance. A limb that is subjectively preferred is not necessarily objectively dominant in 1 or more athletic qualities or sport-specific tasks. Further to this, a limb that is objectively superior in 1 task may not exhibit such superiority in a separate task. Thus, limb preference and limb dominance are both task-specific. As such, we propose that practitioners intentionally select tasks for limb dominance assessment which resemble the most relevant demands of sport. Because limb dominance profiles are inconsistent, we suggest that practitioners increase assessment frequency by integrating limb dominance testing into standard training activities. This will allow practitioners to better understand when changes reflect sport-specific adaptation vs. potential performance or injury ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Bishop
- London Sport Institute at Allianz Park, Middlesex University, Greenlands Lane, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Bishop C, Read P, Lake J, Loturco I, Turner A. A Novel Approach for Athlete Profiling: The Unilateral Dynamic Strength Index. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:1023-1029. [PMID: 30299390 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bishop, C, Read, P, Lake, J, Loturco, I, and Turner, A. A novel approach for athlete profiling: The unilateral dynamic strength index. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1023-1029, 2021-The Dynamic Strength Index (DSI) provides a ratio of the peak force an athlete can produce in both isometric and ballistic tasks. Although the DSI measured during bilateral tests has been examined, unilateral DSI scores have not been reported to date and thus was the aim of the present study. Twenty-eight recreational sport athletes performed 3 trials of a unilateral isometric squat and countermovement jump (CMJ) to measure peak force in each task across 2 separate test sessions. The unilateral DSI was calculated using both left vs. right and dominant vs. nondominant limbs. Good to excellent reliability was shown in the isometric squat (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.86-0.96; coefficient of variation [CV] ≤ 5.7%) and the CMJ (ICC = 0.83-0.93; CV ≤ 5.8%) on both limbs. The DSI showed moderate to good reliability (ICC = 0.71-0.79; CV = 7.54-11.9%). Dynamic Strength Index scores of 0.52-0.55 and 0.55-0.59 were reported on the left and right limbs, respectively, with no significant differences reported between limbs. A significant difference (p = 0.04) was seen for the CMJ between left and right during the second test session only. The dominant and nondominant limbs reported mean DSI scores of 0.53-0.57, and significant differences were evident between limbs in both the isometric squat and CMJ (p < 0.01). This study provides normative data for the unilateral DSI and indicates acceptable levels of reliability, whereas the consistency of individual measures of peak force can be considered good when quantified unilaterally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bishop
- Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sports Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Read
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Center, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jason Lake
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom ; and
| | - Irineu Loturco
- Department of Sport Science and Research, Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anthony Turner
- Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sports Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Whittal MC, Zwambag DP, Vanderheyden LW, McKie GL, Hazell TJ, Gregory DE. High Load With Lower Repetitions vs. Low Load With Higher Repetitions: The Impact on Asymmetry in Weight Distribution During Deadlifting. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:560288. [PMID: 33345118 PMCID: PMC7739658 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.560288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated weight distribution between the lower limbs using a symmetry index (SI) score of the vertical ground reaction forces (GRF) and measures of postural stability in high load/low repetition (termed “heavy”) and low load/high repetition (termed “light”) deadlifting. Ten participants performed two deadlift protocols with equal cumulative external load. These protocols were designed to represent standard high load/low repetition and low load/high repetition workouts; order was random and separated by 7 days. An effect of lifting condition (p = 0.023) and set number (p = 0.011) was observed such that lifts in the heavy condition were less symmetrical than those in the light condition and lifts became more symmetrical as set number increased. There was no effect of lift number on symmetry of force production (p = 0.127). Additional analysis revealed that center of pressure (COP) path length was greater during heavy lifts (p = 0.002) however COP range was unaffected suggesting controlled point of force application within the same boundaries regardless of lifting condition. As asymmetries have been previously associated with increased injury risk, greater training emphasis on the symmetrical performance of sub-maximal deadlifts should be considered to try to minimize the development of asymmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel C Whittal
- Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Derek P Zwambag
- Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Luke W Vanderheyden
- Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Greg L McKie
- Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Tom J Hazell
- Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Diane E Gregory
- Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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19
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Change of Direction Performance Is Influenced by Asymmetries in Jumping Ability and Hip and Trunk Strength in Elite Basketball Players. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Change of direction (COD) ability is essential for sport performance in high level team sports such as basketball, however, the influence of asymmetries on COD ability is relatively unknown. Forty-three junior and senior level elite basketball players performed isometric hip and trunk strength testing, passive hip and trunk range of motion testing, and unilateral horizontal and vertical jumps, as well as the T-test to measure COD performance. Mean asymmetry values ranged from 0.76% for functional leg length up to 40.35% for rate of torque development during hip flexion. A six-variable regression model explained 48% (R2 = 0.48; p < 0.001) of variation in COD performance. The model included left hip internal/external rotation strength ratio, and inter-limb asymmetries in hip abduction rate of torque development, hip flexion range of motion, functional leg length, single leg triple jump distance, and peak torque during trunk lateral flexion. Results suggest that the magnitude of asymmetries is dependent of task and parameter, and using universal asymmetry thresholds, such as <10 %, is not optimal. The regression model showed the relationship between asymmetries and COD performance. None of tests were sufficient to explain a complex variable like COD performance.
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20
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Dos’Santos T, Thomas C, Jones PA. Assessing Interlimb Asymmetries: Are We Heading in the Right Direction? Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Madruga-Parera M, Bishop C, Read P, Lake J, Brazier J, Romero-Rodriguez D. Jumping-based Asymmetries are Negatively Associated with Jump, Change of Direction, and Repeated Sprint Performance, but not Linear Speed, in Adolescent Handball Athletes. J Hum Kinet 2020; 71:47-58. [PMID: 32148572 PMCID: PMC7052705 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the association of multi-directional jumping asymmetries with measures of physical performance. Forty-two youth handball athletes (age: 16.0 ± 1.3 years; body height: 174.11 ± 7.3 cm; body mass: 70.49 ± 13.3 kg) performed a mid-season fitness test battery consisting of single leg countermovement, lateral and broad jump tests, two change of direction speed (CODS) tests, an 8 x 10 m repeated sprint test, and a 20 m sprint. The Kappa coefficient showed only 'slight' levels of agreement (K range = -0.05 to 0.15), indicating that asymmetries rarely favoured the same side during each of the jump tests. The single leg countermovement jump showed significantly (p = 0.006) larger asymmetries (11.2 ± 8.4) than the broad jump (6.4 ± 4.6) and significant correlations were present between jumping asymmetries and jump (r = -0.32 to -0.52), CODS (r = 0.31 to 0.32) and repeated sprint (r = 0.35 to 0.40) performance. The findings of the present study highlight the independent nature of jumping asymmetries and associations with measures of physical performance. Practitioners are encouraged to use multiple tests to detect existing side differences and consider appropriate training interventions for the reduction of inter-limb asymmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Madruga-Parera
- EUSES Health and Sports Sciences School, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Chris Bishop
- Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sports Institute, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Paul Read
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jason Lake
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chichester, West Sussex, UK
| | - Jon Brazier
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, Department of Psychology and Sports Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
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22
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The effect of limb dominance on change of direction biomechanics: A systematic review of its importance for injury risk. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 37:179-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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23
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Kuki S, Konishi Y, Okudaira M, Yoshida T, Exell T, Tanigawa S. Asymmetry of force generation and neuromuscular activity during multi-joint isometric exercise. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.8.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seita Kuki
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba
| | - Yu Konishi
- Department of Physical Education, National Defense Academy
| | | | - Takuya Yoshida
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, University of Tsukuba
| | - Tim Exell
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth
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24
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Comparison of Change of Direction Speed Performance and Asymmetries between Team-Sport Athletes: Application of Change of Direction Deficit. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:sports6040174. [PMID: 30545155 PMCID: PMC6315619 DOI: 10.3390/sports6040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to examine differences in change of direction (COD) performance and asymmetries between team-sports while considering the effects of sex and sport; (2) to evaluate the relationship between linear speed, COD completion time, and COD deficit. A total of 115 (56 males, 59 females) athletes active in cricket, soccer, netball, and basketball performed the 505 for both left and right limbs and a 10-m sprint test. All team-sports displayed directional dominance (i.e., faster turning performance/shorter COD deficits towards a direction) (p ≤ 0.001, g = −0.62 to −0.96, −11.0% to −28.4%) with, male cricketers tending to demonstrate the greatest COD deficit asymmetries between directions compared to other team-sports (28.4 ± 26.5%, g = 0.19–0.85), while female netballers displayed the lowest asymmetries (11.0 ± 10.1%, g = 0.14–0.86). Differences in sprint and COD performance were observed between sexes and sports, with males demonstrating faster 10-m sprint times, and 505 times compared to females of the same sport. Male soccer and male cricketers displayed shorter COD deficits compared to females of the same sport; however, female court athletes demonstrated shorter COD deficits compared to male court athletes. Large significant associations (ρ = 0.631–0.643, p < 0.001) between 505 time and COD deficit were revealed, while trivial, non-significant associations (ρ ≤ −0.094, p ≥ 0.320) between COD deficit and 10-m sprint times were observed. In conclusion, male and female team-sport athletes display significant asymmetries and directional dominance during a high approach velocity 180° turning task. Coaches and practitioners are advised to apply the COD deficit for a more isolated measure of COD ability (i.e., not biased towards athletes with superior acceleration and linear speed) and perform COD speed assessments from both directions to establish directional dominance and create a COD symmetry profile.
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25
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Taylor JM, Cunningham L, Hood P, Thorne B, Irvin G, Weston M. The reliability of a modified 505 test and change-of-direction deficit time in elite youth football players. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2018.1526402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Hood
- Middlesbrough Football Club, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Ben Thorne
- Middlesbrough Football Club, Middlesbrough, UK
| | | | - Matthew Weston
- Department of Psychology, Sport and Exercise, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
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26
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Thomas C, Dos'Santos T, Comfort P, Jones PA. Relationships between Unilateral Muscle Strength Qualities and Change of Direction in Adolescent Team-Sport Athletes. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:E83. [PMID: 30127300 PMCID: PMC6162690 DOI: 10.3390/sports6030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported an association between global measures of bilateral strength and change of direction (COD) ability. Yet, little is known about the association between unilateral muscle strength qualities and COD ability. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between unilateral muscle strength qualities and COD measures (COD speed (CODS) and COD deficit) when matched limb-for-limb (i.e., right limb vs. right limb, left limb vs. left limb) in adolescent team-sport athletes. One hundred and fifteen athletes (56 males, 59 females) active in cricket, netball, and basketball participated in this investigation. Each player performed trials of countermovement jump (CMJ), single-leg hop (SLH), isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) and eccentric knee extensor torque (ECC-EXT) to assess muscle strength qualities and 505 and modified 505 (505mod) to evaluate COD ability. Moderate-to-large correlations were observed between SLH and CODS (r = -0.43 to -0.67). Another important finding was that CMJ measures demonstrated moderate-to-large correlations with CODS (r = -0.38 to -0.69) and small-to-moderate correlations with COD deficit (r = -0.24 to -0.45). COD is underpinned by distinct muscle strength qualities and each contribute to specific phases of a COD task. It is therefore likely that such connections exist between muscle strength qualities and COD, with all qualities contributing to overall COD ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Thomas
- Directorate of Sport, Exercise and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester M6 6PU, UK.
| | - Thomas Dos'Santos
- Directorate of Sport, Exercise and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester M6 6PU, UK.
| | - Paul Comfort
- Directorate of Sport, Exercise and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester M6 6PU, UK.
| | - Paul A Jones
- Directorate of Sport, Exercise and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester M6 6PU, UK.
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