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Rodrigues DL, Carvalho AC, Prada M, Garrido MV, Balzarini RN, de Visser RO, Lopes D. Condom Use Beliefs Differ According to Regulatory Focus: A Mixed-Methods Study in Portugal and Spain. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024; 61:709-726. [PMID: 36877803 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2181305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reports worldwide have been showing increasing rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and condomless sex in recent years. Research has identified several individual and situational variables that can determine the decision to use condoms or forgo their use. We argue that such a decision can also be shaped by motives related to pleasure and safety (i.e., regulatory focus in sexuality). Using open ended questions, we asked 742 Portuguese and Spanish adults to indicate situations and reasons that could inform the decision making process with casual partners and the functions/attributes related to condoms. Using thematic analyses, we coded the drivers of condomless sex and condom use into themes and subthemes, and computed their frequencies. Using quantitative measures, we also asked participants to indicate their condom use expectancies and perceived barriers. Comparing participants according to regulatory focus revealed some differences. Pleasure promotion participants were more likely to consider that condom use decision making is driven by unexpectedness, pleasure, and intimacy pursuit, attached more pleasure reduction functions to condoms, expected more negative outcomes in condom use, and endorsed more sensation and partner barriers in condom use. In contrast, disease prevention participants were more likely to consider that condom use decision making is driven by adequate sexual education, responsibility, and behavioral control, and attached more health protective functions to condoms. These differences can inform the development of tailored intervention and awareness campaigns aimed at helping people to use condoms more consistently with casual partners and to avoid behaviors that put them at risk of STI transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Rodrigues
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS-Iscte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Marília Prada
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS-Iscte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Rhonda N Balzarini
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Richard O de Visser
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
| | - Diniz Lopes
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS-Iscte, Lisboa, Portugal
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Parchem B, Aguayo-Romero RA, Alizaga NM, del Río-González AM, Poppen PJ, Zea MC. Identity and Relational Factors Associated with Sexual Role and Positioning for Anal Sex among Colombian Sexual Minority Men. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:911-919. [PMID: 35080994 PMCID: PMC9314459 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2026287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify Top, Bottom, and Versatile sexual role identities and anal sex behavior profiles using latent class analysis in a sample of 942 sexual minority men living in Bogotá. A Versatile-insertive and receptive class (52.2%) was the most prevalent of the four resulting classes, whereas the least common was a class (1.7%) that did not use labels and had a low probability of anal sex. We examined whether identity and relational factors (i.e., sexual orientation, LGBT collective identity, and partner type) were associated with profiles. Gay identity was associated with versatile and receptive classes and bisexual identity was associated with insertive and versatile classes. LGBT collective identity was associated with the class characterized by Bottom identity and receptive positioning. Partner type was not associated with class membership, but versatile behaviors were more common among encounters with a main partner. Models using data at different timescales offered consistent patterns of behavior between the last encounter and the past three months, though the versatile class in the three-month model split into two classes based on frequency of versatile positioning. Findings highlight the relationship between sexual identity and positioning and can inform interventions for sexual health education and identity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Parchem
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Rodrigo A. Aguayo-Romero
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital/ Harvard Medical School/ The Fenway Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Paul J. Poppen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Maria Cecilia Zea
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Nicolas SCA, Welling LLM. A Preliminary Investigation Into Women’s Sexual Risk-taking That Could Lead to Unintended Pregnancy. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-022-00319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Simelane MS, Vermaak K, Zwane E, Masango S. Individual and community-level factors associated with lifetime number of sexual partners among women aged 15-49 in Eswatini. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246100. [PMID: 33497398 PMCID: PMC7837491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the risk factors for behavioral patterns in sexual relationships play a significant role in the reduction of the transmission of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. OBJECTIVE To investigate individual and community level factors on the lifetime number of sexual partners of women in Eswatini. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was a secondary cross-sectional analysis of the 2014 Eswatini Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS). A total of 2,832 women aged 15-49 years were asked in total, how many different people have you had sexual intercourse in your lifetime. The multilevel negative binomial regression model was used to analyze the data. RESULTS The overall mean number of lifetime sexual partners was 2.78 (95% CI: 2.66, 2.91) in 2014. Compared to women aged 15-19, those aged 20 years and older, formerly married or never married reported more lifetime sexual partners compared to currently married women. Those that were aged 15 years and older at sexual debut reported fewer lifetime sexual partners compared to those that were aged less than 15 years. Compared to women that used a condom at last sexual intercourse, those that did not use a condom at last sexual encounter reported fewer lifetime sexual partners. Relative to women that lived with their sons and daughters, those that did not live with their sons and daughters reported more lifetime sexual partners. Women that lived in the Shiselweni and Lubombo regions reported fewer lifetime sexual partners compared to those residents in the Hhohho region. CONCLUSION Overall, lifetime sexual partners in Eswatini was significantly associated with individual characteristics and is unique across regions. Programs that aim to elucidate the factors associated with incident HIV infections among women in Eswatini should focus on individual and community-level factors that are associated with multiple sexual partnerships, which in turn might increase the risk of HIV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maswati S. Simelane
- Department of Statistics and Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Eswatini, Kwaluseni, Eswatini
| | - Kerry Vermaak
- The School of Built Environment and Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Eugene Zwane
- Department of Statistics and Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Eswatini, Kwaluseni, Eswatini
| | - Sdumo Masango
- Department of Statistics and Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Eswatini, Kwaluseni, Eswatini
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Berry MS, Johnson PS, Collado A, Loya JM, Yi R, Johnson MW. Sexual Probability Discounting: A Mechanism for Sexually Transmitted Infection Among Undergraduate Students. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:495-505. [PMID: 29582269 PMCID: PMC6365211 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lack of condom use among youth is a major contributor to the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS, which has lifelong deleterious health consequences. College students (N = 262) completed the Sexual Probability Discounting Task in which participants reported their likelihood of condom use under various probabilities of contracting an STI. Each participant completed the task in regard to different STIs including HIV/AIDS and different partners. Results showed that the likelihood of condom-protected sex generally decreased as HIV/AIDS and other STI contraction became less probable. Moreover, condom-protected sex likelihood was related to STI type (e.g., decreased condom-protected sex in chlamydia relative to HIV/AIDS condition) and partner desirability (decreased condom-protected sex with more desirable partners). Results are the first to show that compared to other STIs, HIV/AIDS had the most influence on condom-protected sex. Results showed probability discounting contributed to lack of condom-protected sex and offers a novel framework for examining determinants of within-subject variability in condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith S. Berry
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Patrick S. Johnson
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anahí Collado
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Jennifer M. Loya
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Richard Yi
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Matthew W. Johnson
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Gause NK, Brown JL, Welge J, Northern N. Meta-analyses of HIV prevention interventions targeting improved partner communication: effects on partner communication and condom use frequency outcomes. J Behav Med 2018; 41:423-440. [PMID: 29468532 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-018-9916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral HIV prevention interventions designed to improve safer-sex communication skills with sexual partners may enhance engagement in protective behaviors and reduce HIV/STI risk. The current meta-analyses examined the efficacy of individual-based (i.e., not couples-based) HIV prevention interventions with a partner communication skills building component to increase frequency of: (a) safer-sex communication and (b) condom use with sexual partners among HIV at-risk groups (e.g., heterosexual African American females). Studies were retrieved from online bibliographic databases, a database of effective behavioral HIV prevention interventions, and an existing review of effective interventions. Eight manuscripts (k = 10 intervention vs. control comparisons) met inclusion criteria. Results indicated that compared to control conditions, at post-intervention follow-up, participants who were exposed to individual-based HIV prevention interventions with safer-sex communication skills training components had safer sex discussions with partners more frequently [drandom = 0.35 ± 0.10, p < .001, 95% CI (0.16, 0.55)], and used condoms more frequently [drandom = 0.39 ± 0.07, p < .001, 95% CI (0.25, 0.54)]. Including partner communication skills training in individual-based HIV prevention interventions may increase the frequency of both partner communication and condom use among the at-risk populations represented in the meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Gause
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, 3131 Harvey Ave, Suite 104, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Brown
- Addiction Sciences Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey Welge
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Milhausen RR, McKay A, Graham CA, Sanders SA, Crosby RA, Yarber WL, Wood J. Do Associations Between Pleasure Ratings and Condom Use During Penile-Vaginal Intercourse Vary by Relationship Type?: A Study of Canadian University Students. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2018; 55:21-30. [PMID: 28358218 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1298713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests the relationship between pleasure and condom use during penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI) is associated with relationship status. This online study examined pleasure ratings and condom use at last PVI, stratifying by partner type, among a national sample of Canadian university students. Participants were 715 undergraduates (60.7% women, 39.3% men) who reported on their most recent sexual experience. Condom use decreased with level of relationship commitment, whereas ratings of pleasure increased. Overall, participants were more likely to rate their most recent PVI as Very pleasurable when condoms were not used compared to when condoms were used. However, when stratified by partner type, these differences largely disappeared. For women, with one exception, there were no differences in pleasure between PVI with and without condoms across most partner-type categories. Women in committed dating relationships were more likely to report their last PVI as very pleasurable if condoms were not used than women in these same relationships who had used condoms. Across relationship categories, men who did and did not use condoms did not differ in terms of their pleasure ratings. The results of this study suggest relationship context should be taken into account when assessing condom use experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin R Milhausen
- a Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph; The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University; and the Rural Center for AIDS/STD Prevention , Indiana University
| | | | - Cynthia A Graham
- c Department of Psychology, University of Southampton; The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University ; and the Rural Center for AIDS/STD Prevention, Indiana University
| | - Stephanie A Sanders
- d Department of Gender Studies , Indiana University; The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University; and the Rural Center for AIDS/STD Prevention, Indiana University
| | - Richard A Crosby
- e Department of Health Behavior, College of Public Health , University of Kentucky; The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University; and the Rural Center for AIDS/STD Prevention, Indiana University
| | - William L Yarber
- f Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University; Department of Gender Studies , Indiana University; The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University; and the Rural Center for AIDS/STD Prevention, Indiana University
| | - Jessica Wood
- g Department of Psychology , University of Guelph
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Bryan AEB, Norris J, Abdallah DA, Zawacki T, Morrison DM, George WH, Davis KC, Danube CL, Stappenbeck CA. Condom-Insistence Conflict in Women's Alcohol-Involved Sexual Encounters with a New Male Partner. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2016; 41:100-113. [PMID: 29720782 DOI: 10.1177/0361684316668301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
First-time sexual intercourse with a new male partner, relative to other sexual encounters, is associated with heightened risk to women for contracting sexually transmitted infections. Little is known, however, about women's condom-related decision-making processes during these first-time sexual encounters. In the present study, we surveyed a community sample of 179 women aged 18-30 about their alcohol consumption, desire to use a condom, perception of their partner's desire to use a condom, condom-insistence conflict, and condom-decision abdication and use during their most recent alcohol-involved first-time sexual encounter with a new partner. With structural equation modeling we tested a cognitive mediation model with various configurations of alcohol effects on abdication and condom use (direct, indirect, moderator). A moderated mediation model fit the data best. Women experienced elevated condom-insistence conflict when they wanted to use a condom and perceived their partner did not; conflict, in turn, was associated with higher likelihood of abdication and lower likelihood of condom use. Higher alcohol intoxication attenuated the associations of desire to use a condom, and perceived partner's desire to use a condom, with conflict. Results support an alcohol myopia-conflict inhibition-reduction model and emphasize the importance of sex education programs that teach young women not only about condom-related assertiveness and the effects of alcohol, but also prepare them to respond to experiences of conflict that arise during sexual encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tina Zawacki
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio
| | | | | | | | - Cinnamon L Danube
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
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Nehl EJ, Elifson K, DePadilla L, Sterk C. Sex Partner Type, Drug Use and Condom Use Self-Efficacy Among African Americans from Disadvantaged Neighborhoods: Are Associations with Consistent Condom Use Moderated by Gender? JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2016; 53:805-815. [PMID: 26580813 PMCID: PMC5006675 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2015.1092018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Gender inequalities in sexual behavior are explored from the perspective of the theory of gender and power. This study focused on the effect of sex partner type (steady versus casual), drug use, and condom use self-efficacy regarding consistent condom use (CCU) among a community-based sample of adults. The sample included 1,357 African American men and women (M age 37.0, SD 13.1 years; 44% women, 66% men) from 61 disadvantaged census block groups in Atlanta, GA as part of a study of individual and neighborhood characteristics and HIV risk-taking. Having a steady partner decreased the odds of CCU, while higher condom use self-efficacy increased the odds of CCU. Among non-drug users, having a drug-using partner was associated with decreased odds of condom use for women only. Women with drug-using partners, especially a steady partner, were least likely to report CCU. Therefore, interventions intended to empower CCU among women need to expand beyond acknowledging the reduced control that women who use drugs demonstrate to also consider those who have drug-using sexual partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Nehl
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
| | - Kirk Elifson
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
| | - Lara DePadilla
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
| | - Claire Sterk
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
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Theall KP, Sterk CE, Elifson KW. Male Condom Use by Type of Relationship following an HIV Intervention among Women Who Use Illegal Drugs. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/002204260303300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Predictors of increased male condom use are investigated following a recent, gender-specific HIV intervention among African-American women. Data were analyzed from 138 women (aged 18 to 59), recruited from inner-city Atlanta (Georgia, U.S.) neighborhoods. Predictors of condom use with steady and casual paying partners were examined separately. Increased condom use with steady partners was associated with drug-using status, intervention assignment, sexual relationship characteristics, age at first condom use, and HIV testing history. Condom use with casual paying partners was associated with having sex while high and the frequency of crack cocaine use. Personalized norms regarding condom use were not salient factors in predicting increased rates of condom use with either partner type. Findings indicate the continued need to consider sex in the context of drug use, and reveal the importance of measuring such influences and all antecedents of condom use separately for steady versus casual sexual relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine P. Theall
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education at the Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University
| | - Claire E. Sterk
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education at the Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University
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Cheng T, Johnston C, Kerr T, Nguyen P, Wood E, DeBeck K. Substance use patterns and unprotected sex among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting: a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:4. [PMID: 26728877 PMCID: PMC4700772 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rates of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and unplanned pregnancy are high among youth. While the intersection between drug and alcohol use and unprotected sex is well recognized, few studies have examined the relationship between substance use patterns and unprotected sex among high risk-populations such as street-involved youth. Methods Data were derived from the At-Risk Youth Study (ARYS), a prospective cohort of street-involved youth from Vancouver, Canada. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to examine substance use patterns that were independently associated with unprotected sex, defined as (vaginal or anal) sexual intercourse without consistent condom use. Results Between September 2005 and May 2013, 1,026 youth were recruited into the ARYS cohort and 75 % (n = 766) reported engaging in recent unprotected sex at some point during the study period. In a multivariable analysis, female gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.46, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-1.81), Caucasian ancestry (AOR = 1.38, 95 % CI: 1.13-1.68), being in a stable relationship (AOR = 4.64, 95 % CI: 3.82-5.65), having multiple sex partners (AOR = 2.60, 95 % CI: 2.18-3.10) and the following substance use patterns were all independently associated with recent unprotected sex: injection or non-injection crystal methamphetamine use (AOR = 1.21, 95 % CI: 1.03-1.43), injection or non-injection cocaine use (AOR = 1.20, 95 % CI: 1.02-1.41), marijuana use (AOR = 1.23, 95 % CI: 1.02-1.49), ecstasy use (AOR = 1.23, 95 % CI: 1.01-1.48) and alcohol use (AOR = 1.31, 95 % CI: 1.11-1.55) (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Unprotected sex was prevalent among street-involved youth in this setting, and independently associated with female gender and a wide range of substance use patterns. Evidence-based and gender-informed sexual health interventions are needed in addition to increased access to youth-centered addiction treatment services. STI testing and linkages to healthcare professionals remain important priorities for street-involved youth, and should be integrated across all health and social services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Cheng
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6Z 1Y6. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall, Room 11300, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, B.C., Canada, V5A 1S6.
| | - Caitlin Johnston
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6Z 1Y6. .,BC Women Hospital and Health Centre, 4500 Oak St, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6H 3V5.
| | - Thomas Kerr
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6Z 1Y6. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317 - 2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6T 1Z3.
| | - Paul Nguyen
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6Z 1Y6.
| | - Evan Wood
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6Z 1Y6. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317 - 2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6T 1Z3.
| | - Kora DeBeck
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6Z 1Y6. .,School of Public Policy, Simon Fraser University, 515 West Hastings Street, Suite 3271, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6B 5K3.
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Fleming PJ, Mulawa M, Burke H, Shattuck D, Mndeme E, Attafuah J, Mbwambo J, Guest G. The role of relationship types on condom use among urban men with concurrent partners in Ghana and Tanzania. AIDS Care 2014; 27:466-72. [PMID: 25337930 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2014.969675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple concurrent partnerships are hypothesized to be important drivers of HIV transmission. Despite the demonstrated importance of relationship type (i.e., wife, girlfriend, casual partner, sex worker) on condom use, research on concurrency has not examined how different combinations of relationship types might affect condom use. We address this gap, using survey data from a sample of men from Ghana (GH: n = 807) and Tanzania (TZ: n = 800) who have at least three sexual partners in the past three months. We found that approximately two-thirds of men's reported relationships were classified as a girlfriend. Men were more likely to use a condom with a girlfriend if their other partner was a wife compared to if their other partner was a sex worker (GH: OR 3.10, 95% CI, 1.40, 6.86; TZ: OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.35, 4.06). These findings underscore the importance of considering relationship type when designing HIV prevention strategies in these settings.
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Muldoon KA, Duff PK, Birungi J, Ngolobe MH, Min JE, King R, Nyonyintono M, Chen Y, Shannon K, Khanakwa S, Moore D. Decisions, decisions: the importance of condom use decision making among HIV sero-discordant couples in a prospective cohort study in Uganda. Sex Transm Infect 2014; 90:408-12. [PMID: 24695989 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined sexual decision making type among couples in HIV sero-discordant partnerships in Uganda, and investigated how sexual decision making type changed over time and its effect on condom use. METHODS Data were drawn from a longitudinal cohort of HIV sero-discordant couples, recruited through the AIDS Support Organisation in Jinja, Uganda. Sexual decision making was measured using the Sexual Relationship Power Scale, and couples' individual self-report answers were matched to assess agreement for decision making type and condom use. Generalised linear mixed effects modelling was used to assess statistically significant differences in time trend of sexual decision making type, and to investigate the independent association of decision making type on condom use status over time. RESULTS Of the 533 couples included in this analysis, 345 (65%) reported using condoms at last sex at study enrolment. In the time trend analysis of decision making, the proportion of couples who decided together increased over time while the proportions of couples who reported that one partner decided or no one decided/did not use condoms, decreased over time (overall p<0.001). Compared with couples who decided together, those who disagreed (adjusted OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.64) and those where one partner decided (adjusted OR=0.20, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.34) had significantly lower odds of condom use at last sex, even after controlling for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Couples who disagreed on decision making, or agreed that one partner decides alone, had significantly lower odds of reporting condom use compared with couples who decided together. HIV counselling interventions that encourage joint sexual decision making may improve condom use within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Muldoon
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Putu K Duff
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Jeong Eun Min
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rachel King
- University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Yalin Chen
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kate Shannon
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - David Moore
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Xiao Z, Li X, Lin D, Jiang S, Liu Y, Li S. Sexual communication, safer sex self-efficacy, and condom use among young Chinese migrants in Beijing, China. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2013; 25:480-494. [PMID: 24245595 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2013.25.6.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mediation effect of sexual communication on the relationship between safer sex self-efficacy and condom use was tested among 307 homosexually active migrant men, 376 heterosexually active migrant men, and 265 heterosexually active migrant women. The study found certain aspects of sexual communication mediated the effect of self-efficacy on condom use among the three samples. The findings underscored the importance of including components that promote safer sex self-efficacy and sexual communication in HIV prevention interventions for Chinese migrants.
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Hussain R, Guppy M, Robertson S, Temple E. Physical and mental health perspectives of first year undergraduate rural university students. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:848. [PMID: 24034822 PMCID: PMC3847612 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students are often perceived to have a privileged position in society and considered immune to ill-health and disability. There is growing evidence that a sizeable proportion experience poor physical health, and that the prevalence of psychological disorders is higher in university students than their community peers. This study examined the physical and mental health issues for first year Australian rural university students and their perception of access to available health and support services. METHODS Cross-sectional study design using an online survey form based on the Adolescent Screening Questionnaire modeled on the internationally recognised HEADSS survey tool. The target audience was all first-year undergraduate students enrolled in an on-campus degree program. The response rate was 41% comprising 355 students (244 females, 111 males). Data was analysed using standard statistical techniques including descriptive and inferential statistics; and thematic analysis of the open-ended responses. RESULTS The mean age of the respondents was 20.2 years (SD 4.8). The majority of the students lived in on-campus residential college style accommodation, and a third combined part-time paid work with full-time study. Most students reported being in good physical health. However, on average two health conditions were reported over the past six months, with the most common being fatigue (56%), frequent headaches (26%) and allergies (24%). Mental health problems included anxiety (25%), coping difficulties (19.7%) and diagnosed depression (8%). Most respondents reported adequate access to medical doctors and support services for themselves (82%) and friends (78%). However the qualitative comments highlighted concerns about stigma, privacy and anonymity in seeking counselling. CONCLUSIONS The present study adds to the limited literature of physical and mental health issues as well as barriers to service utilization by rural university students. It provides useful baseline data for the development of customised support programs at rural campuses. Future research using a longitudinal research design and multi-site studies are recommended to facilitate a deeper understanding of health issues affecting rural university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafat Hussain
- School of Rural Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
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16
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Sexual risk behavior and type of sexual partners in transnational indigenous migrant workers. AIDS Behav 2013; 17:1895-905. [PMID: 22851155 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-012-0280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous migrant workers (IMWs) have a high vulnerability to HIV and STDs due to poverty and marginalization. This study examined factors associated with sexual risk behavior (SRB) according to type of partner in transnational young male IMWs at a sugar cane agro-industrial complex in western Mexico. A total of 192 sexually active IMWs were recruited from four laborer shelters to participate in a sexual partner survey. The IMWs were interviewed about their sexual partners and practices over the last 12 months during which it emerged that they had had a total of 360 sexual partners. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors related to SRB in 222 main (spouse, mistress and girlfriend) and 138 casual partners (colleague, friend, casual encounter and sex worker). Results showed a significantly higher SRB score with casual partners. For the main partner regression model, prior exposure to HIV- and STD-preventive information and sexual intercourse with higher employment status partners (formal workers vs. self-employed in informal activities and unemployed) were associated with lower SRB scores, but if the sexual relations occurred in Mexico (vs. the U.S.), the SRB scores increased. For the casual partner model, the practice of survival sex (sex in exchange for basic needs), sexual relations in Mexico (vs. the U.S.), and being a circular migrant (person traveling for temporary work to return home when the contract is over) were related to higher SRB scores. Findings support the implementation of preventive interventions using different messages depending on the type of partners, main or casual, within the labor migrant context.
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Hock-Long L, Henry-Moss D, Carter M, Hatfield-Timajchy K, Erickson PI, Cassidy A, Macauda M, Singer M, Chittams J. Condom use with serious and casual heterosexual partners: findings from a community venue-based survey of young adults. AIDS Behav 2013; 17:900-13. [PMID: 22460225 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-012-0177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Given the racial/ethnic disparities that characterize STI trends and recent increases in heterosexually transmitted HIV infection in the US, an understanding of factors underlying condom use among young adults in minority communities is vitally important. To this end, this paper presents findings from a community venue-based survey examining the influence of motivations, heuristics, and relationship factors on condom behaviors with serious and casual heterosexual partners in a sample of urban African American and Puerto Rican males and females ages 18-25 (n = 380). Condom use rates at time of last sex were considerably higher with casual partners (n = 87) than with serious (n = 313) partners, 77.9% vs. 38.7%. While dual pregnancy/STI prevention was the most frequently cited reason for use at last sex with casual partners, pregnancy prevention was the most frequently cited reason for use with serious partners. Bivariate conditional logistic regression analyses found two factors to be associated with condom use at last sex with casual partners: use at first sex with the partner and belief that neighborhood peers worried some/a lot about HIV. In contrast, such factors as condom heuristics (e.g., nonuse symbolizes trust), contraceptive status, and markers of emotional intimacy were associated with condom use with serious partners in both bivariate and multivariable analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hock-Long
- Research Department, Family Planning Council, 1700 Market Street, 18th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA.
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Levonyan-Radloff K, Parks KA, Collins RL. Women bar drinkers' discussions about birth control and risky sexual behavior. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2012; 41:987-993. [PMID: 21892691 PMCID: PMC3260379 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-011-9834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated how birth control discussions prior to sexual activity affected condom use in a sample of 225 young women bar drinkers. The use of alcohol and other drugs (AOD) and partner type also were assessed. Data were collected through daily reports and qualitative interviews over 12 weeks. A total of 1671 sexual events were reported (M = 7.4 events per participant), of which 64.7% (n = 1081) did not involve condom use. Discussions of birth control occurred prior to 10.9% (n = 183) of all sexual events. These discussions were more likely to be initiated by the woman and to occur when AOD had been used. Thematic analysis revealed four common themes: confirmation of the need to use condoms, confirmation of oral/hormonal contraceptive use, use of sufficient birth control, and discrepant condom use. The discussions reduced rates of risky sex when the sexual partner was more intimate (i.e., boyfriend/dating partner), regardless of AOD use and when the sexual partner was a friend or ex-partner and no AOD were used. The thematic analysis suggested that pregnancy prevention was a stronger motivation for discussing condom use, rather than risk of contracting an STI. Given the substantial rate of high risk partners, history of STIs, and limited amount of time women reported knowing "regular" partners, we suggest that interventions designed to reduce risky sex should be tailored to increase women's awareness of STI and pregnancy risk when under the influence of AOD, and promote condom use regardless of partner type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R. Lorraine Collins
- School of Public Health and Health Professionals, Faculty of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
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19
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Claire Van Hout M, Brennan R. “Bump and grind”: an exploratory study of Mephedrone users' perceptions of sexuality and sexual risk. DRUGS AND ALCOHOL TODAY 2011. [DOI: 10.1108/17459261111174046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Alvarez MJ, Garcia-Marques L. Cognitive and contextual variables in sexual partner and relationship perception. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2011; 40:407-417. [PMID: 21350915 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-011-9725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of contextual and cognitive variables for sexual protection on perceived social relationship factors. University students (108 women and 108 men) read script-based narratives on sexual encounters in which six variables were manipulated in two independent analyses. In the first analysis, four variables were evaluated: relational context (stable, casual), condom use (yes, no), script terminus (beginning, middle or end), and the rater's sex. The dependent variables were interpersonal perception of one of the characters of the narrative, and expectations regarding characteristics and future of the relationship. In the second analysis, two other factors were manipulated only in the "yes" condom conditions: communication strategy (verbal, non-verbal) and condom proponent gender. Our findings corroborated other studies where condom use was viewed as unromantic with less positive characteristics for relationships. Condom proponents, especially male, were perceived as less romantic, particularly when proposing a condom non-verbally at the beginning of the encounter. However, the controlled variables enabled us to propose ways of associating condom use with positive expectations towards the proponent and the relationship itself. Romanticism, expectation of sexual intercourse, emotional proximity, and expectations of condom use in encounters where a condom was proposed increased when suggested by a woman, postponed to the end of the encounter, and verbally mentioned. We encourage women to take the lead in suggesting condom use, thus empowering them since they do not have to wait for the male to make the first move.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-João Alvarez
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Alameda da Universidade, Lisbon, Portugal.
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21
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Allen CF, Simon Y, Edwards J, Simeon DT. Factors associated with condom use: economic security and positive prevention among people living with HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean. AIDS Care 2011; 22:1386-94. [PMID: 20936539 DOI: 10.1080/09540121003720978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the Caribbean region, an estimated 1.1% of the population aged 15-49 is living with HIV. We aimed to measure factors associated with condom use, the primary form of positive prevention in the Caribbean, among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in its major agency advocating on behalf of PLHIV (the Caribbean Regional Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS, or CRN +). Condom use at last sex was selected for analysis from a broad-ranging cross-sectional survey (n=394) among PLHIV who were members of or received services from CRN+ in Antigua and Barbuda, Grenada, Trinidad and Tobago. PLHIV from CRN+ traced potential participants, administered informed consent procedures and carried out structured interviews. Fifty-four percent of respondents reported using a condom the last time they had sex. Condom use was positively associated with partner being HIV negative, disclosure of HIV status, alcohol use, economic security, education level and being employed. Multivariate logistic regression found independent associations between condom use and economic security (p=0.031; odds ratio (OR) for "enough" income 5.06; 95% CI 1.47-17.39), partner being HIV negative (p=0.036; OR 2.85; 95% CI 1.28-6.33) and being married (p=0.043; OR 2.86; 95% CI 1.03-7.91). Seventy-three percent of respondents reported inadequate family income, 26% reported an HIV-negative partner and 9% were married. Condom use appears to be motivated by protection of HIV-negative partners and spouses. Low socioeconomic status is associated with the overall percentage using condoms. Restriction to members of CRN+ limits generalisability of the findings. Nevertheless, the findings support the view that programmes for the socioeconomic empowerment of PLHIV are needed to slow the Caribbean HIV epidemic. Expectations for protection of different types of partners should be further explored in order to develop culturally appropriate interventions with couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Allen
- Caribbean Health Research Council, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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22
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Brown A, Lubman DI, Paxton SJ. Reducing sexually-transmitted infection risk in young people with first-episode psychosis. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2011; 20:12-20. [PMID: 21199240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0349.2010.00700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that young people with first-episode psychosis are at greater risk of sexually-transmitted infections (STI) than their peers. Theoretical constructs central to behavioural change theories, broadly defined as sexual health-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs, have guided most sexual risk-reduction interventions in other at-risk populations. The role of these constructs in the sexual risk behaviour of young people with early psychosis remains unknown. A convenience sample of 67 young people with first-episode psychosis and 48 healthy controls matched on a number of sociodemographic characteristics was recruited. Participants completed a survey assessing their sexual behaviour and sexual health-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. Group differences and the role of these constructs in the condom-use behaviour of these young people were examined. Although some differences emerged, group similarities were prominent. Inconsistent condom use was predicted by clinical status, unemployment, and the absence of peer support for condom use. These results support previous findings that young people with psychosis have greater needs for STI prevention due to increased rates of unprotected sex. Risk-reduction interventions that target peer influence are important. Inquiry into a broader range of psychosocial factors could further our understanding of STI infection risk in early psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Brown
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Otto-Salaj LL, Traxel N, Brondino MJ, Reed B, Gore-Felton C, Kelly JA, Stevenson LY. Reactions of heterosexual African American men to women's condom negotiation strategies. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2010; 47:539-551. [PMID: 19760529 PMCID: PMC2888974 DOI: 10.1080/00224490903216763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study describes responses of 172 single heterosexual African American men, ages 18 to 35, to condom negotiation attempts. Strategies used included reward, coercive, legitimate, expert, referent, and informational strategies, based on Raven's (1992) influence model. The purpose was (a) to identify strategies influencing participant acquiescence to request and (b) to identify predictors of participant compliance/refusal to comply with negotiation attempts. Participants viewed six videotape segments showing an actress, portrayed in silhouette, speaking to the viewer as a "steady partner." After each segment, participants completed measures of request compliance, positive and negative affect, and attributions concerning the model and themselves. No significant differences were found in men's ratings across all vignettes. However, differences in response existed across subgroups of individuals, suggesting that, although the strategy used had little impact on participant response, the act of suggesting condom use produced responses that differed across participant subgroups. Subgroups differed on levels of AIDS risk knowledge, sexually transmitted disease history, and experience with sexual coercion. Also, the "least willing to use" subgroup was highest in anger-rejection and least likely to make attributions of caring for partner. Effective negotiation of condom use with a male sexual partner may not be determined as much by specific strategy used as by partner characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Otto-Salaj
- Center for Addiction and Behavioral Health Research, Departmentof Social Work, Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, P.O. Box 786, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.
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O'Sullivan LF, Udell W, Montrose VA, Antoniello P, Hoffman S. A cognitive analysis of college students' explanations for engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2010; 39:1121-31. [PMID: 19365717 PMCID: PMC3164843 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-009-9493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Young adults, including college students, engage in high levels of unprotected sexual activity despite relatively high rates of HIV/STI and pregnancy-related knowledge. Little is known about the cognitive strategies that young people use to explain this inconsistency. The current study examined young people's explanations for engaging in unprotected sexual activity in their committed relationships. A total of 63 young adults (32 women and 31 men) completed daily diaries over a 3-week period, providing a total of 1,284 daily reports tracking their condom use and non-use during intercourse. Diary collection was followed by in-depth interviews designed to explore participants' decision-making regarding their participation in sexual intercourse unprotected against infection or unwanted pregnancy. Less than a quarter of the sample used condoms or oral contraceptives consistently. Participants primarily viewed condoms as a means of preventing pregnancy; few described disease prevention as a main motivation for their use. Analysis of the cognitions underlying explanations for condom and contraception non-use were classified as (1) general biased risk evaluation, (2) biased evidence evaluation, (3) endorsement of poor alternatives, (4) focus on spurious justifications, (5) dismissing risk, and (6) ignoring risk. Prevention interventions should incorporate methods to challenge young people to acknowledge personal risk and commit themselves to taking steps to reduce this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia F O'Sullivan
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB, E3B 3A1, Canada.
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25
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Vannier SA, O'Sullivan LF. Sex without desire: characteristics of occasions of sexual compliance in young adults' committed relationships. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2010; 47:429-439. [PMID: 19662565 DOI: 10.1080/00224490903132051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sexual compliance (i.e., willingly engaging in sexual activity that one does not desire) is a common behavior among young people. Little is known about the characteristics of occasions of sexual compliance in the context of a committed relationship. This study used both a diary method and in-depth interviews to assess occasions of sexual compliance, as well as types of sexual activity, condom use, pleasure, and feelings of pressure and control. Participants included 63 young adults (18-24 years old) in committed, heterosexual relationships. Seventeen percent of all sexual activity was rated as sexually compliant. Occasions of sexual compliance were rated as less enjoyable and more unexpected. In-depth interviews revealed four key themes including endorsement of an implicit contract between partners, partner awareness of low desire, past experience of pressure, and justification for reporting low desire. Future research should evaluate the long-term impact of sexual compliance on a relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Vannier
- Departmentof Psychology, University of New Brunswick, 38 Dineen Dr., Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.
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26
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Westercamp N, Mattson CL, Madonia M, Moses S, Agot K, Ndinya-Achola JO, Otieno E, Ouma N, Bailey RC. Determinants of consistent condom use vary by partner type among young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a multi-level data analysis. AIDS Behav 2010; 14:949-59. [PMID: 18791819 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-008-9458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate whether determinants of consistent condom use vary by partner type among young sexually active Kenyan men, we conducted a cross-sectional assessment of lifetime sexual histories from a sub-sample of men enrolled in a clinical trial of male circumcision. 7913 partnerships of 1370 men were analyzed. 262 men (19%) reported never, 1018 (74%) sometimes and 92 (7%) always using a condom with their partners. Condoms were always used in 2672 (34%) of the total relationships-212 (70%) of the relationships with sex workers, 1643 (40%) of the casual and 817 (23%) of the regular/marital relationships. Factors influencing condom use varied significantly by partner type, suggesting that HIV prevention messages promoting condom use with higher-risk partners have achieved a moderate level of acceptance. However, in populations of young, single men in generalized epidemic settings, interventions should promote consistent condom use in all sexual encounters, independently of partner type and characteristics.
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Awiti Ujiji O, Ekström AM, Ilako F, Indalo D, Rubenson B. "I will not let my HIV status stand in the way." Decisions on motherhood among women on ART in a slum in Kenya- a qualitative study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2010; 10:13. [PMID: 20423528 PMCID: PMC2873237 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-10-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The African Medical Research Foundation antiretroviral therapy program at the community health centre in Kibera counsels women to wait with pregnancy until they reach the acceptable level of 350 cells/ml CD4 count and to discuss their pregnancy intentions with their health care providers. A 2007 internal assessment showed that women were becoming pregnant before attaining the 350 cells/ml CD4 count and without consulting health care providers. This qualitative study explored experiences of intentionally becoming pregnant among women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods Nine pregnant women, six newly delivered mothers and five women wanting to get pregnant were purposefully selected for in-depth interviews. Content analysis was used to organize and interpret the women's experiences of becoming pregnant. Results Women's choices for pregnancy could be categorized into one overarching theme 'strive for motherhood' consisting of three sub-themes. A child is thought of as a prerequisite for a fulfilled and happy life. The women accepted that good health was required to bear a pregnancy and thought that feeling well, taking their antiretroviral treatment and eating nutritious food was enough. Consulting health care providers was perceived as interfering with the women's decisions to get pregnant. Becoming pregnant as an HIV-infected woman was, however, complicated by the dilemmas related to disclosing HIV infection and discussing pregnancy intentions with their partners. Conclusions Motherhood is important to women on antiretroviral treatment. But they seemed to lack understanding of the relationship between a high CD4 cell count and a low chance of transmission of HIV to offspring. Better education about the relationship of perceived good physical health, low CD4 cell count and the risk of mother to child transmission is required. Women want to control the domain of childbearing but need enough information to make healthy choices without risking transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opondo Awiti Ujiji
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Global Health, SE- 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ma Q, Ono-Kihara M, Cong L, Pan X, Xu G, Zamani S, Ravari SM, Kihara M. Behavioral and psychosocial predictors of condom use among university students in Eastern China. AIDS Care 2009; 21:249-59. [DOI: 10.1080/09540120801982921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqin Ma
- a Department of Global Health and Socio-epidemiology , Kyoto University School of Public Health , Kyoto , Japan
- b Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou , China
| | - Masako Ono-Kihara
- a Department of Global Health and Socio-epidemiology , Kyoto University School of Public Health , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Liming Cong
- b Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- b Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou , China
| | - Guozhang Xu
- c Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Ningbo Municipality , Ningbo , China
| | - Saman Zamani
- a Department of Global Health and Socio-epidemiology , Kyoto University School of Public Health , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Shahrzad Mortazavi Ravari
- a Department of Global Health and Socio-epidemiology , Kyoto University School of Public Health , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Masahiro Kihara
- a Department of Global Health and Socio-epidemiology , Kyoto University School of Public Health , Kyoto , Japan
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Needle exchange and sexual risk behaviors among a cohort of injection drug users in Chicago, Illinois. Sex Transm Dis 2009; 36:35-40. [PMID: 19008775 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0b013e318186dee3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of a needle exchange program (NEP) on sexual risk behaviors of injecting drug users (IDUs). METHODS : Between 1997 and 2000, 889 IDUs in Chicago were recruited from NEPs and an area with no NEP into a cohort study. They were interviewed and tested for HIV at baseline and 3 annual follow-up visits. Random-effect logistic models were used to compare NEP users and nonusers regarding the number of sex partners, number of unprotected sex acts, and frequency of condom use. RESULTS Compared to NEP nonusers, NEP users had a similar number of sex partners over time, but had 49% higher odds of using condoms with their main partners (P = 0.047). At baseline, there was no difference between NEP users and nonusers in episodes of vaginal intercourse, but over time the odds of having a higher number of unprotected instances of vaginal intercourse were reduced by 26% per year for NEP users but only 10% per year for nonusers (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION This study suggests that NEP participation may help reduce the absolute risk of HIV sexual transmission.
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Kassie GM, Mariam DH, Tsui AO. Patterns of knowledge and condom use among population groups: results from the 2005 Ethiopian behavioral surveillance surveys on HIV. BMC Public Health 2008; 8:429. [PMID: 19117525 PMCID: PMC2630951 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Behavioral surveys help interpret the magnitude of HIV/AIDS. We analyzed indicators of knowledge on HIV/AIDS and condom use among sub populations selected for behavioral surveillance in Ethiopia. Methods We used 2005 HIV/AIDS behavioral data from ten target groups. These were female sex workers, defense forces, police force, pastoralists, truck drivers, intercity bus drivers, road construction workers, teachers, factory workers and people in ANC catchment areas. Results Data from 14,524 individuals were analyzed. The majority were males (63.6%). Overall, knowledge of the three preventive methods, misconceptions and comprehensive knowledge was 57%, 75% and 18.5%, respectively. Female sex workers and the defense force showed some behavioral change in using a condom during the most recent sexual encounter and consistently used a condom with non-regular sexual partners and paying partners. Women, pastoralists and the illiterate were less likely to use condom. Conclusion Misconceptions about the transmission of HIV were high and comprehensive knowledge about HIV & AIDS was low, particularly among pastoralists. Consistent condom use and condom use during the last sexual encounter were high among both female sex workers and defense force employees, both with paying and non-regular sexual partners. This might be a positive sign, though a considerable proportion in each target group did not report using a condom during sex with non-regular partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getnet M Kassie
- Addis Ababa University, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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31
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Bertens MG, Wolfers ME, van den Borne B, Schaalma HP. Negotiating safe sex among women of Afro-Surinamese and Dutch Antillean descent in the Netherlands. AIDS Care 2008; 20:1211-6. [DOI: 10.1080/09540120802009070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madelief G.B.C. Bertens
- a Department of Health Education and Health Promotion , Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Mireille E.G. Wolfers
- b Department of Infectious Diseases , Municipal Public Health Service Rotterdam Area , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Bart van den Borne
- a Department of Health Education and Health Promotion , Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Herman P. Schaalma
- c Department of Work & Social Psychology , Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
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Costa RM, Brody S. ORIGINAL RESEARCH—PSYCHOLOGY: Condom Use for Penile–Vaginal Intercourse is Associated with Immature Psychological Defense Mechanisms. J Sex Med 2008; 5:2522-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Morrison-Beedy D, Carey MP, Feng C, Tu XM. Predicting sexual risk behaviors among adolescent and young women using a prospective diary method. Res Nurs Health 2008; 31:329-40. [PMID: 18231976 PMCID: PMC2562714 DOI: 10.1002/nur.20263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We describe the sexual risk behaviors, psychological distress, and substance use of 102 late adolescent girls and identify predictors of protected and unprotected vaginal sex. Participants completed questionnaires assessing hypothesized predictors and then daily behavioral diaries for 12 weeks. Protected intercourse was predicted by baseline sexual behavior, greater knowledge, positive condom attitudes, lower perceived condom-use difficulty, greater condom-use intentions, more drinking days, less binge drinking, less Ecstasy use, and lower psychological distress. Unprotected intercourse was predicted by baseline sexual behavior, binge drinking, Ecstasy and opiate use, fewer drinking days, and fewer daily drinks. These findings suggest that psychological distress, substance use, and sexual risk behavior are interconnected and should be considered collectively in interventions for adolescent females.
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Leigh BC, Vanslyke JG, Hoppe MJ, Rainey DT, Morrison DM, Gillmore MR. Drinking and condom use: results from an event-based daily diary. AIDS Behav 2008; 12:104-12. [PMID: 17333311 PMCID: PMC2268630 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-007-9216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although it is often assumed that drinking alcohol interferes with condom use, most studies on this topic do not meet the conditions required for causal interpretation. We examined the association of drinking to condom use using data from diaries of alcohol use and sexual encounters, collected over 8 weeks from college students and clients of a sexually transmitted disease clinic. This method establishes the temporal relationships between drinking and condom use and controls for individual differences by using a within-subjects analysis. Multilevel models that predicted condom use from alcohol use before the sexual encounter, partner type, and the use of other contraception showed that drinking before sex was unrelated to condom use. These results do not support the persistent notion that alcohol causes people to engage in sexual risk that they would avoid when sober; instead, people tend to follow their usual pattern of condom use, regardless of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C Leigh
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, 1107 N.E. 45th St., Suite 120, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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Allen CF, Lees SS, Desmond NA, Der G, Chiduo B, Hambleton I, Knight L, Vallely A, Ross DA, Hayes RJ. Validity of coital diaries in a feasibility study for the Microbicides Development Programme trial among women at high risk of HIV/AIDS in Mwanza, Tanzania. Sex Transm Infect 2007; 83:490-6; discussion 496-7. [PMID: 17660325 PMCID: PMC2598720 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2007.024810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare coital diaries and face-to-face interviews (FFIs) in measuring sexual behaviour among women at high risk of HIV. To assess the effect of differing levels of support from researchers on reporting in coital diaries and FFIs. METHODS Three groups of 50 women were randomly selected from a cohort of food and recreational facility workers participating in a microbicide trial feasibility study and received differing levels of researcher support. Minimum support involved delivering and collecting coital diaries weekly; medium support included a weekly FFI and discussion of concerns; intensive support also included an unscheduled mid-week visit when diaries were checked and concerns addressed. All respondents participated in an exit FFI, including questions on sexual behaviour over the four-week study period and study acceptability. RESULTS Sexual behaviours were generally reported more frequently in coital diaries than weekly or exit interviews. Vaginal and anal sex, male and female condom use, vaginal cleaning and lubrication, sex during menstruation and sex with irregular and regular partners were reported more frequently in coital diaries than exit interviews. In coital diaries, level of support was associated with reporting of vaginal sex and cleaning. In exit interviews, support level was associated with reporting of vaginal sex, vaginal cleaning and sex with regular, irregular and commercial partners. Women with minimum support reported least satisfaction with the research process. Women with intensive support were most likely to report that they informed someone about their study participation and that they completed diaries daily. CONCLUSION Compared with FFIs, coital diaries resulted in higher reporting of socially stigmatised activities, and sexual behaviour reporting varied less by level of support. More researcher support enhanced study acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F Allen
- Medical Research Council Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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de Visser R, Smith A, Richters J. Can we generalise to other young people from studies of sexual risk behaviour among university students? Aust N Z J Public Health 2007; 29:436-41. [PMID: 16255445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-842x.2005.tb00223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many studies of sexual behaviour and condom use are based on data collected from university students. The aim of this paper is to determine whether first-year university students and their same-age peers have different patterns of sexual behaviour. METHODS Computer-assisted telephone interviews were completed by a representative sample of 19,307 Australian men and women aged 16-59 years (response rate 73.1%), 920 of whom were aged 17-19 years. Comparisons were made between reports of sexual risk behaviours from first-year university students and reports of the same behaviours from their same-age peers. RESULTS For female respondents, there were few differences in the sexual behaviour of first-year university students and their same-aged peers. For male respondents, there were some significant differences in the sexual behaviour of first-year university students and their same-aged peers and also different patterns of correlation between measures of sexual behaviour. Socio-demographic characteristics were related to whether 17-19 year-old respondents were first-year university students or engaged in other activities. CONCLUSIONS The findings of studies of the sexual behaviour of university undergraduates should only be generalised to other groups with caution. The socio-demographic characteristics of the student population of a particular institution must be taken into account before generalisation to the broader population can safely be made from studies of single universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard de Visser
- Psychology Department, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom.
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de Visser RO, Smith AMA, Rissel CE, Richters J, Grulich AE. Sex in Australia: Safer sex and condom use among a representative sample of adults. Aust N Z J Public Health 2007; 27:223-9. [PMID: 14696715 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-842x.2003.tb00812.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide reliable estimates of the frequency of condom use and correlates of condom use among Australian adults. METHODS Computer-assisted telephone interviews were completed by a representative sample of 10,173 men and 9,134 women aged 16-59 years. The response rate was 73.1% (69.4% men, 77.6% women). RESULTS Although the majority of respondents had used a condom at some time in their lives, fewer than half of the respondents who were sexually active in the year before being interviewed had used a condom in the past year. Condom use in the past year was associated with youth, greater education, residence in major cities, lower incomes, white-collar occupations, being a former smoker, and having more sexual partners in the past year. In the six months prior to interview, 7.1% of respondents always used condoms with regular cohabiting partners, 22.5% always used condoms with regular non-cohabiting partners, and 41.4% always used condoms with casual partners. Approximately 20% of respondents used a condom the last time they had vaginal intercourse, and one in eight of these condoms were put on after genital contact. Condom use during the most recent sexual encounter was associated with youth, living in a major city, having a lower income, having sex with a casual partner, and not using another form of contraception. CONCLUSION As in other studies, condom use was strongly associated with partner type and use of other contraception. IMPLICATIONS People with multiple sexual partners need to be aware that non-barrier methods of contraception (and condoms applied late) do not protect against sexually transmitted infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard O de Visser
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Victoria.
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de Visser R. Why do heterosexual young adults who use reliable contraception also use condoms? Results from a diary-based prospective longitudinal study. Br J Health Psychol 2007; 12:305-13. [PMID: 17456288 DOI: 10.1348/135910706x111294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify characteristics of individuals and characteristics of sexual encounters that predict whether people using contraception will also use condoms (dual use), and to determine whether dual use is prompted by concerns about unplanned pregnancy and/or sexually transmitted infections (STIs). DESIGN A longitudinal prospective design was used to identify characteristics of individuals and characteristics of specific sexual encounters that predict condom use. METHODS A sample of 349 sexually active heterosexual young adults was recruited at universities and trade colleges in Melbourne, Australia. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, and a representative subsample (N=103) completed a structured condom use diary in which they reported on up to 10 instances of vaginal intercourse. Respondents reported use of condoms and other forms of contraception during 919 instances of vaginal intercourse. RESULTS In multivariate analyses, dual use of condoms in addition to other contraception was predicted by attitudes toward condoms, intentions to use condoms, partner type and discussion of condom use with sexual partners. Dual use was not related to greater concern about HIV/STIs or unplanned pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Encouraging heterosexual young adults to discuss condom use, and developing their skills for negotiation of condom use will increase rates of condom use, thereby reducing current high rates of unplanned pregnancy and STIs.
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McMahon JM, Tortu S, Pouget ER, Hamid R, Neaigus A. Contextual determinants of condom use among female sex exchangers in East Harlem, NYC: an event analysis. AIDS Behav 2006; 10:731-41. [PMID: 16779657 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-006-9093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed a variety of contexts involving HIV risk behaviors among women who exchange sex for money or drugs. Event analysis was used to identify the individual, relationship, and contextual factors that contribute to these high-risk sex exchange practices. Analyses were conducted on data obtained from 155 drug-using women who reported details of their most recent sex exchange event with male clients. The majority of sex exchange encounters (78%) involved consistent condom use. In multivariable analysis, protective behavior was associated primarily with situational and relationship variables, such as exchange location, substance use, sexual practices, and respondent/client discussion and control. In order to inform HIV prevention programs targeted to women sex exchangers, further research is needed on the contextual determinants of risk, especially with regard to condom-use negotiation and factors involving substance use that adversely affect women's ability to manage protective behavior in the context of sex exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M McMahon
- National Development and Research Institutes, 71 West 23rd Street, 8th Floor, New York, New York 10010, USA.
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Noar SM, Cole C, Carlyle K. Condom use measurement in 56 studies of sexual risk behavior: review and recommendations. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2006; 35:327-45. [PMID: 16799837 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-006-9028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2004] [Revised: 02/24/2005] [Accepted: 05/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies that measure self-reported condom use, there is currently no agreed upon "gold standard" in terms of the best way to assess condom use. The purpose of the current study was to review measures of self-reported condom use within correlational studies of sexual risk behavior, and to evaluate such measures on the basis of suggestions from the methodological literature. An additional purpose was to examine specifically whether measures published in the correlational literature have improved over time. A systematic review of studies was undertaken and specific review criteria were used to guide the inclusion of studies. A final set of 56 studies that contained 72 measures of self-reported condom use were included in the review. These measures were coded and evaluated on 12 dimensions, including measure type, number of response categories, recall period, sex partner specificity, and sex act specificity. Results indicated a great amount of diversity in terms of how condom use has been measured in the literature. Although results indicated that measures published between 1996 and 2003 were of higher quality on a number of dimensions as compared to 1989-1995, a number of these gains were minimal and in some cases measures have decreased in quality. The overall conclusion is that the sexual risk behavior literature should implement more of the recommendations made by methodological scholars in this area. Specific recommendations are summarized and presented in a way that may be helpful in guiding the development of future measures of self-reported condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Noar
- Department of Communication, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0042, USA.
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Noar SM, Carlyle K, Cole C. Why communication is crucial: meta-analysis of the relationship between safer sexual communication and condom use. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2006; 11:365-90. [PMID: 16720536 DOI: 10.1080/10810730600671862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively synthesize the growing literature on the relationship between safer sexual communication (SSC) among sexual partners and condom use, and to systematically examine a number of conceptual and methodological moderators of this relationship. Data from 53 articles published in 27 journals met criteria for the study. Fifty-five independent effect sizes coded from samples totaling N=18,529 were meta-analyzed. Results indicate that the mean sample-size weighted effect size of the SSC-condom use relation was r=.22, and a number of conceptual variables were found to moderate this relationship. Specifically, communication about condom use (r=.25) and sexual history (r=.23) had significantly (p<.05) larger effect sizes than communication about safer sex (r=.18). In addition, SSC measures operationalized differently had significantly (p<.05) different effect sizes. From largest to smallest, these were behavioral format (r=.29), intentional format (r=.18), and self-efficacy format (r=.13). Measures that tried to assess persuasion attempts as compared with informational exchanges were not found to have significantly different effect sizes (p>.05). Further, methodological moderators tended to be unrelated to effect size. Implications for the future study of safer sexual communication as well as the importance of emphasizing communication skills in HIV preventive interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Noar
- Department of Communication, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0042, USA.
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Bailey SL, Gao W, Clark DB. Diary study of substance use and unsafe sex among adolescents with substance use disorders. J Adolesc Health 2006; 38:297.e13-20. [PMID: 16488830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2004] [Revised: 12/03/2004] [Accepted: 12/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study tested event-level associations between substance use and condom use, as well as potential covariates, among adolescents with substance use disorders (SUDs). METHODS A total of 134 adolescents (age, 15-21 y), 72% with SUDs, participated in telephone diary data collection of sexual events over a 6-week period. Effects on condom use of event-level substance use, partner type, salience of costs associated with unprotected sex, and subject-level SUD and sensation-seeking were tested in random intercept logistic regression models. A total of 637 sexual events were available for analysis. RESULTS Event-level alcohol and drug use as well as subject-level SUD and sensation-seeking were not associated with condom use in multivariate models. However, all other event-level measures were significant, including an interaction between partner type and salience of preventing acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The importance of preventing AIDS was associated only with condom use with regular partners. Prevention of pregnancy was associated with condom use independent of partner type. CONCLUSIONS As in other event-level studies, substance use was not related to condom use in our study. Novel results in our study showed that the salience of preventing negative outcomes is a significant predictor of condom use even in the context of event-level substance use and partner type. These results suggest that prevention efforts for substance-using youth should not focus on preventing substance use as a way to prevent unsafe sex, but should emphasize the potential costs of unsafe sex even with known partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Bailey
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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Brahme RG, Sahay S, Malhotra-Kohli R, Divekar AD, Gangakhedkar RR, Parkhe AP, Kharat MP, Risbud AR, Bollinger RC, Mehendale SM, Paranjape RS. High-risk behaviour in young men attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in Pune, India. AIDS Care 2005; 17:377-85. [PMID: 15832886 PMCID: PMC3516673 DOI: 10.1080/09540120412331299771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports sexual risk factors associated with HIV infection among men attending two sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Pune, India and compares these behaviours between young and older men. Between April 1998 and May 2000, 1872 STD patients were screened for HIV infection. Data on demographics, medical history and sexual behaviour were collected at baseline. The overall HIV prevalence was 22.2%. HIV risk was associated with being divorced or widowed, less educated, living away from the family, having multiple sexual partners and initiation of sex at an early age. The risk behaviours in younger men were different to older men. Younger men were more likely to report early age of initiation of sex, having friends, acquaintances or commercial sex workers as their regular partners, having premarital sex and bisexual orientation. Young men were more educated and reported condom use more frequently compared with the older men. Similar high HIV prevalence among younger and older men highlights the need for focused targeted interventions aimed at adolescents and young men and also appropriate interventions for older men to reduce the risk of HIV and STD acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Brahme
- National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India, USA.
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Conley TD, Collins BE. Differences Between Condom Users and Condom Nonusers in Their Multidimensional Condom Attitudes. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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de Visser RO, Smith AMA. Which intention? Whose intention? Condom use and theories of individual decision making. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/13548500410001670717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sterk CE, Theall KP, Elifson KW. Who's getting the message? Intervention response rates among women who inject drugs and/or smoke crack cocaine. Prev Med 2003; 37:119-28. [PMID: 12855211 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-7435(03)00090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injection drug users (IDUs) who also smoke crack may be at greatest risk for infection with HIV as well as other blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections and in most need of positive behavioral changes. METHODS Three hundred and thirty-three women (aged 18-59 years) were randomly assigned to one of two enhanced gender- and culturally specific HIV intervention conditions or to the NIDA standard condition. Of primary interest in this study were baseline risk and intervention response rates among three groups of drug users--IDUs who did not smoke crack, IDUs who did smoke crack, and crack smokers who did not inject. Univariate and multivariate methods were utilized, including generalized estimating equations. RESULTS The intervention produced positive behavioral changes over time, but response rates varied according to drug using group. Overall, women falling into the crack smoking IDU category appeared to be less responsive to the intervention than those in the other drug using groups, and participants in the crack smoking only group were less responsive than those in the IDU only group. CONCLUSIONS Results presented here indicate the continuing need to develop and target effective interventions to particular subgroups of high-risk individuals who may be most resistant to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Sterk
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Williams SS, Norris AE, Bedor MM. Sexual relationships, condom use, and concerns about pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, and other sexually transmitted diseases. CLIN NURSE SPEC 2003; 17:89-94. [PMID: 12642806 DOI: 10.1097/00002800-200303000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As we move further into the 21st century, there are increasing numbers of teenagers and young adults infected with sexually transmitted diseases and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Aside from sexual abstinence, condom use is the best way to protect oneself from sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Participants in this study were predominantly female, predominantly Caucasian psychology students who experienced sexual intercourse with an opposite sex partner in the past year. Slightly fewer than half of these participants reported condom use at their last episode of vaginal intercourse and type of partner did not affect their condom use, nor did concern about human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and sexually transmitted diseases. Findings such as these challenge advanced practice nurses to generate innovative strategies to promote condom use in all types of relationships. We propose that teaching about the link between cervical cancer and lack of condom use could be one of these new strategies.
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