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Dworakowski O, Huber ZM, Meier T, Boyd RL, Martin M, Horn AB. You Do Not Have to Get through This Alone: Interpersonal Emotion Regulation and Psychosocial Resources during the COVID-19 Pandemic across Four Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15699. [PMID: 36497774 PMCID: PMC9735908 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While experiencing the unpredictable events of the COVID-19 pandemic, we are likely to turn to people in order to regulate our emotions. In this research, we investigate how this interpersonal emotion regulation is connected to affective symptoms, above and beyond intrapersonal emotion regulation. Furthermore, we explore whether perceived psychosocial resources moderate these associations, i.e., if individuals reporting healthier social connections benefit differently from interpersonal emotion regulation. N = 1401 participants from the USA, UK, Germany, and Switzerland completed an online survey that included text samples. Affective symptoms (depression, adjustment disorder, fear of COVID-19) were examined based on self-reported as well as language-based indicators. As psychosocial resources, we examined social support, loneliness, attachment style, and trust. We defined latent variables for adaptive and maladaptive interpersonal emotion regulation and analyzed how they were associated with affective symptoms controlling for intrapersonal emotion regulation. Further, we analyzed how they interacted with psychosocial resources. Maladaptive interpersonal emotion regulation strategies were associated with affective symptoms. With lower psychosocial resources, the associations between interpersonal emotion regulation and depressive symptoms were more pronounced. The results highlight that maladaptive interpersonal emotion regulation is associated with worse mental health. These effects are not buffered by more psychosocial resources and are stronger for people with low psychosocial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olenka Dworakowski
- URPP “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology—Gerontopsychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zilla M. Huber
- URPP “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology—Gerontopsychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tabea Meier
- School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ryan L. Boyd
- Independent Researcher, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Mike Martin
- URPP “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology—Gerontopsychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- Competence Center Gerontology, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea B. Horn
- URPP “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology—Gerontopsychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- Competence Center Gerontology, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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Horn AB, Holzgang SA, Rosenberger V. Adjustment of Couples to the Transition to Retirement: The Interplay of Intra- and Interpersonal Emotion Regulation in Daily Life. Front Psychol 2021; 12:654255. [PMID: 34220624 PMCID: PMC8249691 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.654255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Retirement is a central transition in late adulthood and requires adjustment. These processes not only affect the retired individuals but also their romantic partners. The aim of this study is to investigate the interplay of intrapersonal emotion regulation (rumination) with interpersonal regulation processes (disclosure quality). Furthermore, the associations of daily retirement-related disclosure with adjustment symptoms in disclosing and the listening partner will be investigated. It is expected that the effects of disclosure alter after providing the couples with a self-applied solitary written disclosure task in order to support their intrapersonal emotion regulation. Methods: In this dyadic online-diary study, 45 couples (N = 45) with one partner perceiving the adjustment to a recent retirement as challenging reported rumination, perceived disclosure quality (repetitive, focused on negative content, hard to follow, disclosing partner open for common/authentic), retirement-related disclosure, and ICD-11 adjustment symptoms preoccupation and failure to adapt were assessed at the end of the day over 14 days. In the middle of this assessment period, couples performed a modified online-expressive writing about their thoughts and feelings regarding the transition to retirement. Results: The double-intercept multilevel Actor-Partner Interdependence Models (APIM) reveal that on days with more daily rumination, the spouse perceived that disclosure of the retiree is more difficult to follow, more negative, and repetitive. In contrast, the retiree perceived less authenticity and openness to comments during disclosure on days when the spouse reports more rumination. Retirement-related disclosure showed no within-couple association with failure to adapt but actor effects on preoccupation. Moreover, a partner effect of disclosure of the retirees on the preoccupation of spouses could be observed. This contagious effect of the retiree disclosure, however, disappeared during the week after writing. Conclusion: Our results support the notion that disclosure processes are altered during maladaptive intrapersonal emotion regulation processes. This in turn seems to lead to less effective interpersonal regulation and contagious spilling over of symptoms. Supporting intrapersonal emotion regulation seems to have the potential to allow more favorable interpersonal regulation processes and to free interpersonal resources for an individual adjustment. This has implications for further planning of support for couples facing life transitions and aging-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B. Horn
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging,” University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center of Competence for Gerontology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah A. Holzgang
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Rosenberger
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging,” University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kaczmarek LD, Kelso KC, Behnke M, Kashdan TB, Dziekan M, Matuła E, Kosakowski M, Enko J, Guzik P. Give and take: The role of reciprocity in capitalization. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2021.1885054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerry C. Kelso
- George Mason University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fairfax, United States
| | - Maciej Behnke
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University
| | - Todd B. Kashdan
- George Mason University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fairfax, United States
| | - Martyna Dziekan
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University
| | - Ewelina Matuła
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University
| | - Michał Kosakowski
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University
| | - Jolanta Enko
- Department of Psychology and Law, SWPS University in Poznań, Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemysław Guzik
- Poznan University of Medical Science,Faculty of Medicine II, Poznan, Poland
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Reblin M, Vaughn AA, Birmingham WC, Smith TW, Uchino BN, Spahr CM. Complex assessment of relationship quality within dyads. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:2221-2237. [PMID: 32841384 PMCID: PMC7450490 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Higher quality relationships have been linked to improved outcomes; however, the measurement of relationship quality often ignores its complexity and the possibility of co-occurring positivity and negativity across different contexts. The goal of this study is to test the added benefit of including multiple dimensions, contexts, and perspectives of relationship quality from both individuals in predicting marital functioning. The Social Relationships Index assessed positive and negative dimensions of relationship quality under neutral, positive, and support-seeking contexts for 183 heterosexual married couples. Models showed that the inclusion of multiple dimensions of relationship quality across all three contexts improved prediction of marital functioning for both women and men. The use of multidimensional multicontextual relationship quality assessments is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Reblin
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Allison A Vaughn
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | | | - Timothy W Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Bert N Uchino
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Chandler M Spahr
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
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Rimé B, Bouchat P, Paquot L, Giglio L. Intrapersonal, interpersonal, and social outcomes of the social sharing of emotion. Curr Opin Psychol 2020; 31:127-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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