1
|
Nikookar E, Yanadori Y. Preparing supply chain for the next disruption beyond COVID-19: managerial antecedents of supply chain resilience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS & PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/ijopm-04-2021-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PurposeCOVID-19 once again showed the importance of building resilience in supply chains. Extant research on supply chain resilience management has successfully identified a set of organizational antecedents that contribute to supply chain resilience. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which these antecedents are developed within a firm. Drawing on the dynamic managerial capabilities theory, the current study aims to investigate the critical role that supply chain managers play in developing the organizational antecedents. Specifically, this study shows that supply chain managers' social capital, human capital and cognition are instrumental to the development of three organizational supply chain resilience antecedents: visibility, responsiveness and flexibility, which subsequently enhance the firm's supply chain resilience.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ survey data collected from 598 manufacturing firms in Australia, and Hayes and Preacher's (2014) parallel multiple mediator model to empirically test the hypotheses.FindingsThe findings of the study establish that supply chain managers' social capital, human capital and cognition indeed have implications for developing supply chain resilience. Furthermore, the mediators through which managers' social capital, human capital and cognition improve supply chain resilience are identified in the current study.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the extant literature on supply chain resilience, investigating the role that supply chain managers play in developing the resilience of their firm.
Collapse
|
2
|
Wolsink I, Den Hartog DN, Belschak FD, Sligte IG. Dual cognitive pathways to voice quality: Frequent voicers improvise, infrequent voicers elaborate. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212608. [PMID: 30811477 PMCID: PMC6392316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the involvement of Working Memory Capacity (WMC, the cognitive resource necessary for controlled elaborate thinking) in voice behavior (speaking up with suggestions, problems, and opinions to change the organization). While scholars assume voice requires elaborate thinking, some empirical evidence suggests voice might be more automatic. To explain this discrepancy, we distinguish between voice quantity (frequency of voice) and voice quality (novelty and value of voiced information) and propose that WMC is important for voice quality, but less for voice quantity. Furthermore, we propose that frequent voicers rely less on WMC to reach high voice quality than people who voice rarely. To test our ideas, we conducted three studies: a between-participant lab-study, a within-participant experiment, and a multi-source field-study. All studies supported our expectation that voice quantity is unrelated to WMC, and that voice quality is positively related to WMC, but only for those who rarely voice. This indicates that the decision to voice (quantity) might be more automatic and intuitive than often assumed, whereas its value to the organization (quality), relies more on the degree of cognitive elaboration of the voicer. It also suggests that frequent and infrequent voicers use distinct cognitive pathways to voice high-quality information: frequent voicers improvise, while infrequent voicers elaborate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inge Wolsink
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Deanne N. Den Hartog
- Department of Leadership and Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank D. Belschak
- Department of Leadership and Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja G. Sligte
- Department of Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vakhrusheva J, Zemon V, Bar M, Weiskopf NG, Tremeau F, Petkova E, Su Z, Abeles I, Butler PD. Forming first impressions of others in schizophrenia: impairments in fast processing and in use of spatial frequency information. Schizophr Res 2014; 160:142-9. [PMID: 25458862 PMCID: PMC4258115 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Individuals form first impressions of others all the time, which affects their social functioning. Typical adults form threat impressions in faces with neutral expressions quickly, requiring less than 40 ms. These impressions appear to be mediated by low spatial frequency (LSF) content in the images. Little is known, however, about mechanisms of first impression formation in schizophrenia. The current study investigated how quickly individuals with schizophrenia can form consistent impressions of threat compared with controls and explored the mechanisms involved. Patients and controls were presented intact, LSF- or high spatial frequency (HSF)-filtered faces with durations that varied from 39 to 1703 ms and were asked to rate how threatening each face was on a scale from 1 to 5. In order to assess the speed of impression formation for intact faces, correlations were calculated for ratings made at each duration compared to a reference duration of 1703 ms for each group. Controls demonstrated a significant relation for intact faces presented for 39 ms, whereas patients required 390 ms to demonstrate a significant relation with the reference duration. For controls, LSFs primarily contributed to the formation of consistent threat impressions at 39 ms, whereas patients showed a trend for utilizing both LSF and HSF information to form consistent threat impressions at 390 ms. Results indicate that individuals with schizophrenia require a greater integration time to form a stable "first impression" of threat, which may be related to the need to utilize compensatory mechanisms such as HSF, as well as LSF, information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Vakhrusheva
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University,
Bronx, NY
| | - V Zemon
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University,
Bronx, NY, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg,
NY
| | - M Bar
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; Martinos Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.
| | - NG Weiskopf
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg,
NY, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New
York, NY
| | - F Tremeau
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg,
NY
| | - E Petkova
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg,
NY, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York
University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016
| | - Z Su
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York
University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016
| | - I Abeles
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg,
NY, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of
Medicine, New York, NY, Department of Psychology, City University of New York, New York,
NY
| | - PD Butler
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg,
NY, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of
Medicine, New York, NY, Department of Psychology, City University of New York, New York,
NY
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tops M. Slow Life History Strategies and Slow Updating of Internal Models: The Examples of Conscientiousness and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2014.916194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
5
|
Hecht D. Cerebral lateralization of pro- and anti-social tendencies. Exp Neurobiol 2014; 23:1-27. [PMID: 24737936 PMCID: PMC3984952 DOI: 10.5607/en.2014.23.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggest that the right-hemisphere (RH) has a relative advantage, over the left-hemisphere (LH), in mediating social intelligence - identifying social stimuli, understanding the intentions of other people, awareness of the dynamics in social relationships, and successful handling of social interactions. Furthermore, a review and synthesis of the literature suggest that pro-social attitudes and behaviors are associated with physiological activity in the RH, whereas unsocial and anti-social tendencies are mediated primarily by the LH. This hemispheric asymmetry is rooted in several neurobiological and functional differences between the two hemispheres. (I) Positive social interactions often require inhibiting one's immediate desires and considering the perspectives and needs of others. Given that self-control is mediated by the RH, pro-social emotions and behaviors are, therefore, inherently associated with the RH as it subserves the brain's self-restraint mechanisms. (II) The RH mediates experiences of vulnerability. It registers the relative clumsiness and motor weakness of the left limbs, and it is involved, more than the LH, in processing threats and mediating fear. Emotional states of vulnerability trigger the need for affiliation and sociality, therefore the RH has a greater role in mediating pro-social attitudes and behaviors. (III) The RH mediates a holistic mode of representing the world. Holistic perception emphasizes similarities rather than differences, takes a long-term perspective, is associated with divergent thinking and seeing other points-of-view, and it mediates a personal mode of relating to people. All these features of holistic perception facilitate a more empathetic attitude toward others and pro-social behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Hecht
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rivera LO, Arms-Chavez CJ, Zárate MA. Hemispheric resource availability influences face perception: a multiple resource approach to social perception. Laterality 2011; 17:369-83. [PMID: 22594817 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2011.586700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments tested the hypothesis that social perception recruits distinct limited-capacity processing resources that are distinguished by the cerebral hemispheres. To test this hypothesis, social perception efficiency was assessed after relevant hemispheric processing resources were depleted. In Experiment 1 prime faces were unilaterally presented for 30 ms, after which centrally presented target faces were categorised by sex. In Experiment 2 prime faces were unilaterally presented for 80 ms after which centrally presented target faces were categorised by fame. Results showed that sex categorisation was slower after primes were presented in the right versus left visual field, and that fame categorisation was slower after familiar primes were presented in the left versus right visual field. The results support a multiple resource account of social perception in which the availability of resources distributed across the cerebral hemispheres influences social perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Omar Rivera
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rivera LO, Arms-Chavez CJ, Zárate MA. Resource Dependent Effects During Sex Categorization. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2009; 45:908-912. [PMID: 20161222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The limited capacity of face perception resources in the left cerebral hemisphere was examined using a sex categorization task. One study tested the hypothesis that sex categorization is impeded whenever feature extraction resources in the left hemisphere are simultaneously being utilized by another task. This hypothesis was tested by presenting prime faces for either 32 ms or 320 ms to either the left or right visual-field just before centrally presented target faces were categorized by sex. Results showed that sex categorization was slower after prime faces were presented for 32 ms in the right visual-field compared to the left visual-field. This difference was not found after the 320 ms prime length. The results are interpreted in the context of a neurocognitive model of social perception and suggest that efficient sex categorization depends, in part, on the availability of facial feature extraction resources in the left hemisphere.
Collapse
|
8
|
McGregor I, Gailliot MT, Vasquez NA, Nash KA. Ideological and Personal Zeal Reactions to Threat Among People With High Self-Esteem: Motivated Promotion Focus. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2007; 33:1587-99. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167207306280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
After a mortality salience manipulation, participants completed measures of either ideological zeal (Study 1) or personal project zeal (Study 3). Mortality salience increased both kinds of zeal but only among participants with high self-esteem. High self-esteem was positively correlated with dispositional tendencies toward promotion focus, action orientation, and behavioral activation; it was negatively correlated with behavioral inhibition and rumination (Study 2). These findings clarify the role of dispositional self-esteem in mortality salience research and confirm that, as has been found with various other threats, zealous reactions to mortality salience are most pronounced among participants with high self-esteem. Results support a regulatory focus perspective on zealous reactions to threat. Ideological and personal zeal reflect motivated promotion focus reactions that are rewarding because they decrease the motivational relevance, regulatory fit, and subjective salience of threats.
Collapse
|
9
|
Craver-Lemley C, Bornstein RF. Self-generated visual imagery alters the mere exposure effect. Psychon Bull Rev 2007; 13:1056-60. [PMID: 17484435 DOI: 10.3758/bf03213925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether self-generated visual imagery alters liking ratings of merely exposed stimuli, 79 college students were repeatedly exposed to the ambiguous duck-rabbit figure. Half the participants were told to picture the image as a duck and half to picture it as a rabbit. When participants made liking ratings of both disambiguated versions of the figure, they rated the version consistent with earlier encoding more positively than the alternate version. Implications of these findings for theoretical models of the exposure effect are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Craver-Lemley
- Department of Psychology, Elizabethtown College, One Alpha Drive, Elizabethtown, PA 17022, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ramon D, Doron Y, Faust M. Categorization and affect: Evidence for intra-hemispheric interactions. Brain Cogn 2007; 63:296-303. [PMID: 17113205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2006.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Revised: 09/20/2006] [Accepted: 09/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Both emotional reactivity and categorization have long been studied within the framework of hemispheric asymmetry. However, little attempt has been made to integrate both research areas using any form of neuropsychological research, despite behavioral data suggesting a consistent relationship between affective and categorization processes. The primary goal of the current study was to examine the possibility of a laterally mediated interaction between emotional reactivity and the cognitive process of categorization. Using a split visual fields categorization task combined with affect inducing procedures, we hypothesized that the relationship between state affect and categorization would be dependent on the nature of state affect and on the hemisphere targeted. Results offered support for this hypothesis, showing that state affect related changes in categorization appeared only in the hemisphere commonly associated with both a specific affective state and categorization strategy employed. Findings are discussed in terms of possible evidence for a hemispheric arousal effect underlying the relationship between affect and categorization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ramon
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cozzolino PJ. Death Contemplation, Growth, and Defense: Converging Evidence of Dual-Existential Systems? PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10478400701366944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
12
|
Abstract
First impressions of people's personalities are often formed by using the visual appearance of their faces. Defining how quickly these impressions can be formed has critical implications for understanding social interactions and for determining the visual properties used to shape them. To study impression formation independent of emotional cues, threat judgments were made on faces with a neutral expression. Consequently, participants' judgments pertained to the personality rather than to a certain temporary emotional state (e.g., anger). The results demonstrate that consistent first impressions can be formed very quickly, based on whatever information is available within the first 39 ms. First impressions were less consistent under these conditions when the judgments were about intelligence, suggesting that survival-related traits are judged more quickly. The authors propose that low spatial frequencies mediate this swift formation of threat judgments and provide evidence that supports this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Bar
- Martinos Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shrira I, Martin LL. Stereotyping, self-affirmation, and the cerebral hemispheres. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2005; 31:846-56. [PMID: 15833910 DOI: 10.1177/0146167204272232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The authors used the processing characteristics of the left and right cerebral hemispheres to gain some insight into the relation between self-affirmation and stereotyping. In Study 1, self-affirmation led to greater stereotyping (of a librarian) and to greater left hemisphere activation, which in turn mediated the self-affirmation/stereotyping relationship. Study 2 replicated these results but also found that self-affirmation decreased stereotyping for a stigmatized target. However, relative hemisphere activation did not mediate this self-affirmation/stereotyping relationship. These studies showed that self-affirmation can either increase or decrease stereotyping depending on the status of the target and that relative hemisphere activation may provide clues as to underlying processes of stereotyping. In both studies, relative hemisphere activation was assessed using a line bisection task. Discussion focuses on possible mechanisms of different kinds of stereotyping and on the ways in which a consideration of relative hemisphere activation could help researchers gain insights into those mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Shrira
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pelham BW, Koole SL, Hardin CD, Hetts JJ, Seah E, DeHart T. Gender moderates the relation between implicit and explicit self-esteem. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2003.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Butler LT, Berry DC, Helman S. Dissociating mere exposure and repetition priming as a function of word type. Mem Cognit 2004; 32:759-67. [PMID: 15552353 DOI: 10.3758/bf03195866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The mere exposure effect is defined as enhanced attitude toward a stimulus that has been repeatedly exposed. Repetition priming is defined as facilitated processing of a previously exposed stimulus. We conducted a direct comparison between the two phenomena to test the assumption that the mere exposure effect represents an example of repetition priming. In two experiments, having studied a set of words or nonwords, participants were given a repetition priming task (perceptual identification) or one of two mere exposure (affective liking or preference judgment) tasks. Repetition priming was obtained for both words and nonwords, but only nonwords produced a mere exposure effect. This demonstrates a key boundary for observing the mere exposure effect, one not readily accommodated by a perceptual representation systems (Tulving & Schacter, 1990) account, which assumes that both phenomena should show some sensitivity to nonwords and words.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie T Butler
- School of Psychology, University of Reading, Reading, England.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Barrett LF, Tugade MM, Engle RW. Individual differences in working memory capacity and dual-process theories of the mind. Psychol Bull 2004; 130:553-73. [PMID: 15250813 PMCID: PMC1351135 DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dual-process theories of the mind are ubiquitous in psychology. A central principle of these theories is that behavior is determined by the interplay of automatic and controlled processing. In this article, the authors examine individual differences in the capacity to control attention as a major contributor to differences in working memory capacity (WMC). The authors discuss the enormous implications of this individual difference for a host of dual-process theories in social, personality, cognitive, and clinical psychology. In addition, the authors propose several new areas of investigation that derive directly from applying the concept of WMC to dual-process theories of the mind.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sanders JD, McClure KA, Zárate MA. Cerebral Hemispheric Asymmetries in Social Perception: Perceiving and Responding to the Individual and the Group. SOCIAL COGNITION 2004. [DOI: 10.1521/soco.22.3.279.35968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
18
|
Abstract
During search of the environment, the inhibition of the return (IOR) of attention to already-examined information ensures that the target will ultimately be detected. Until now, inhibition was assumed to support search of information during one processing episode. However, in some situations search may have to be completed long after it was begun. We therefore propose that inhibition can be associated with an episode encoded into memory such that later retrieval reinstates inhibitory processing and encourages examination of new information. In two experiments in which attention was drawn to face stimuli with an exogenous cue, we demonstrated for the first time the existence of long-term IOR. Interestingly. this was the case only for faces in the left visual field, perhaps because more efficient processing of faces in the right hemisphere than the left hemisphere results in richer, more retrievable memory representations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Tipper
- School of Psychology, University of Wales, Bangor, Wales, Gwynedd, United Kingdom.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Compton RJ, Williamson S, Murphy SG, Heller W. Hemispheric Differences in Affective Response: Effects of Mere Exposure. SOCIAL COGNITION 2002. [DOI: 10.1521/soco.20.1.1.20941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|