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Senkowski D, Engel AK. Multi-timescale neural dynamics for multisensory integration. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:625-642. [PMID: 39090214 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Carrying out any everyday task, be it driving in traffic, conversing with friends or playing basketball, requires rapid selection, integration and segregation of stimuli from different sensory modalities. At present, even the most advanced artificial intelligence-based systems are unable to replicate the multisensory processes that the human brain routinely performs, but how neural circuits in the brain carry out these processes is still not well understood. In this Perspective, we discuss recent findings that shed fresh light on the oscillatory neural mechanisms that mediate multisensory integration (MI), including power modulations, phase resetting, phase-amplitude coupling and dynamic functional connectivity. We then consider studies that also suggest multi-timescale dynamics in intrinsic ongoing neural activity and during stimulus-driven bottom-up and cognitive top-down neural network processing in the context of MI. We propose a new concept of MI that emphasizes the critical role of neural dynamics at multiple timescales within and across brain networks, enabling the simultaneous integration, segregation, hierarchical structuring and selection of information in different time windows. To highlight predictions from our multi-timescale concept of MI, real-world scenarios in which multi-timescale processes may coordinate MI in a flexible and adaptive manner are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Senkowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas K Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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2
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Vogler NW, Chen R, Virkler A, Tu VY, Gottfried JA, Geffen MN. Direct piriform-to-auditory cortical projections shape auditory-olfactory integration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.11.602976. [PMID: 39071445 PMCID: PMC11275881 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.11.602976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In a real-world environment, the brain must integrate information from multiple sensory modalities, including the auditory and olfactory systems. However, little is known about the neuronal circuits governing how odors influence and modulate sound processing. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying auditory-olfactory integration using anatomical, electrophysiological, and optogenetic approaches, focusing on the auditory cortex as a key locus for cross-modal integration. First, retrograde and anterograde viral tracing strategies revealed a direct projection from the piriform cortex to the auditory cortex. Next, using in vivo electrophysiological recordings of neuronal activity in the auditory cortex of awake mice, we found that odor stimuli modulate auditory cortical responses to sound. Finally, we used in vivo optogenetic manipulations during electrophysiology to demonstrate that olfactory modulation in auditory cortex, specifically, odor-driven enhancement of sound responses, depends on direct input from the piriform cortex. Together, our results identify a novel cortical circuit shaping olfactory modulation in the auditory cortex, shedding new light on the neuronal mechanisms underlying auditory-olfactory integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W. Vogler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Ruoyi Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Alister Virkler
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Violet Y. Tu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Jay A. Gottfried
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Maria N. Geffen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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3
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Ku SP, Atucha E, Alavi N, Mulla-Osman H, Kayumova R, Yoshida M, Csicsvari J, Sauvage MM. Phase locking of hippocampal CA3 neurons to distal CA1 theta oscillations selectively predicts memory performance. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114276. [PMID: 38814781 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
How the coordination of neuronal spiking and brain rhythms between hippocampal subregions supports memory function remains elusive. We studied the interregional coordination of CA3 neuronal spiking with CA1 theta oscillations by recording electrophysiological signals along the proximodistal axis of the hippocampus in rats that were performing a high-memory-demand recognition memory task adapted from humans. We found that CA3 population spiking occurs preferentially at the peak of distal CA1 theta oscillations when memory was tested but only when previously encountered stimuli were presented. In addition, decoding analyses revealed that only population cell firing of proximal CA3 together with that of distal CA1 can predict performance at test in the present non-spatial task. Overall, our work demonstrates an important role for the synchronization of CA3 neuronal activity with CA1 theta oscillations during memory testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Pi Ku
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Erika Atucha
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nico Alavi
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Halla Mulla-Osman
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rukhshona Kayumova
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Motoharu Yoshida
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jozsef Csicsvari
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Magdalena M Sauvage
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany; Otto von Guericke University, Medical Faculty, Functional Neuroplasticity Department, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.
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4
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Sagar V, Shanahan LK, Zelano CM, Gottfried JA, Kahnt T. High-precision mapping reveals the structure of odor coding in the human brain. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1595-1602. [PMID: 37620443 PMCID: PMC10726579 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Odor perception is inherently subjective. Previous work has shown that odorous molecules evoke distributed activity patterns in olfactory cortices, but how these patterns map on to subjective odor percepts remains unclear. In the present study, we collected neuroimaging responses to 160 odors from 3 individual subjects (18 h per subject) to probe the neural coding scheme underlying idiosyncratic odor perception. We found that activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) represents the fine-grained perceptual identity of odors over and above coarsely defined percepts, whereas this difference is less pronounced in the piriform cortex (PirC) and amygdala. Furthermore, the implementation of perceptual encoding models enabled us to predict olfactory functional magnetic resonance imaging responses to new odors, revealing that the dimensionality of the encoded perceptual spaces increases from the PirC to the OFC. Whereas encoding of lower-order dimensions generalizes across subjects, encoding of higher-order dimensions is idiosyncratic. These results provide new insights into cortical mechanisms of odor coding and suggest that subjective olfactory percepts reside in the OFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sagar
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Christina M Zelano
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jay A Gottfried
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thorsten Kahnt
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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5
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Wu T, Li S, Du D, Li R, Liu P, Yin Z, Zhang H, Qiao Y, Li A. Olfactory-auditory sensory integration in the lateral entorhinal cortex. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 221:102399. [PMID: 36581184 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multisensory integration plays an important role in animal cognition. Although many studies have focused on visual-auditory integration, studies on olfactory-auditory integration are rare. Here, we investigated neural activity patterns and odor decoding in the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) under uni-sensory and multisensory stimuli in awake, head-fixed mice. Using specific retrograde tracing, we verified that the LEC receives direct inputs from the primary auditory cortex (AC) and the medial geniculate body (MGB). Strikingly, we found that mitral/tufted cells (M/Ts) in the olfactory bulb (OB) and neurons in the LEC respond to both olfactory and auditory stimuli. Sound decreased the neural responses evoked by odors in both the OB and LEC, for both excitatory and inhibitory responses. Interestingly, significant changes in odor decoding performance and modulation of odor-evoked local field potentials (LFPs) were observed only in the LEC. These data indicate that the LEC is a critical center for olfactory-auditory multisensory integration, with direct projections from both olfactory and auditory centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Artificial Auditory Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Clinical Hearing Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Deliang Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Artificial Auditory Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Clinical Hearing Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China
| | - Ruochen Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Penglai Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yuehua Qiao
- Artificial Auditory Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Clinical Hearing Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China.
| | - Anan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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Hippocampal subfield volumes and olfactory performance: Emerging longitudinal associations over a 5-year interval. Neuropsychologia 2022; 176:108353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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East BS, Fleming G, Vervoordt S, Shah P, Sullivan RM, Wilson DA. Basolateral amygdala to posterior piriform cortex connectivity ensures precision in learned odor threat. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21746. [PMID: 34741138 PMCID: PMC8571329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Odor perception can both evoke emotional states and be shaped by emotional or hedonic states. The amygdala complex plays an important role in recognition of, and response to, hedonically valenced stimuli, and has strong, reciprocal connectivity with the primary olfactory (piriform) cortex. Here, we used differential odor-threat conditioning in rats to test the role of basolateral amygdala (BLA) input to the piriform cortex in acquisition and expression of learned olfactory threat responses. Using local field potential recordings, we demonstrated that functional connectivity (high gamma band coherence) between the BLA and posterior piriform cortex (pPCX) is enhanced after differential threat conditioning. Optogenetic suppression of activity within the BLA prevents learned threat acquisition, as do lesions of the pPCX prior to threat conditioning (without inducing anosmia), suggesting that both regions are critical for acquisition of learned odor threat responses. However, optogenetic BLA suppression during testing did not impair threat response to the CS+ , but did induce generalization to the CS-. A similar loss of stimulus control and threat generalization was induced by selective optogenetic suppression of BLA input to pPCX. These results suggest an important role for amygdala-sensory cortical connectivity in shaping responses to threatening stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett S East
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, 1 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Gloria Fleming
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Samantha Vervoordt
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Prachi Shah
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Regina M Sullivan
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, 1 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Donald A Wilson
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, 1 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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8
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Zhou G, Olofsson JK, Koubeissi MZ, Menelaou G, Rosenow J, Schuele SU, Xu P, Voss JL, Lane G, Zelano C. Human hippocampal connectivity is stronger in olfaction than other sensory systems. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 201:102027. [PMID: 33640412 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During mammalian evolution, primate neocortex expanded, shifting hippocampal functional networks away from primary sensory cortices, towards association cortices. Reflecting this rerouting, human resting hippocampal functional networks preferentially include higher association cortices, while those in rodents retained primary sensory cortices. Research on human visual, auditory and somatosensory systems shows evidence of this rerouting. Olfaction, however, is unique among sensory systems in its relative structural conservation throughout mammalian evolution, and it is unknown whether human primary olfactory cortex was subject to the same rerouting. We combined functional neuroimaging and intracranial electrophysiology to directly compare hippocampal functional networks across human sensory systems. We show that human primary olfactory cortex-including the anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory tubercle and piriform cortex-has stronger functional connectivity with hippocampal networks at rest, compared to other sensory systems. This suggests that unlike other sensory systems, olfactory-hippocampal connectivity may have been retained in mammalian evolution. We further show that olfactory-hippocampal connectivity oscillates with nasal breathing. Our findings suggest olfaction might provide insight into how memory and cognition depend on hippocampal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jonas K Olofsson
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua Rosenow
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephan U Schuele
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Center for Neuroimaging, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Research Institute for Neuroscience and Neurotechnologies, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joel L Voss
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory Lane
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christina Zelano
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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9
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Oscillations in the auditory system and their possible role. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:507-528. [PMID: 32298712 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
GOURÉVITCH, B., C. Martin, O. Postal, J.J. Eggermont. Oscillations in the auditory system, their possible role. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV XXX XXX-XXX, 2020. - Neural oscillations are thought to have various roles in brain processing such as, attention modulation, neuronal communication, motor coordination, memory consolidation, decision-making, or feature binding. The role of oscillations in the auditory system is less clear, especially due to the large discrepancy between human and animal studies. Here we describe many methodological issues that confound the results of oscillation studies in the auditory field. Moreover, we discuss the relationship between neural entrainment and oscillations that remains unclear. Finally, we aim to identify which kind of oscillations could be specific or salient to the auditory areas and their processing. We suggest that the role of oscillations might dramatically differ between the primary auditory cortex and the more associative auditory areas. Despite the moderate presence of intrinsic low frequency oscillations in the primary auditory cortex, rhythmic components in the input seem crucial for auditory processing. This allows the phase entrainment between the oscillatory phase and rhythmic input, which is an integral part of stimulus selection within the auditory system.
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Olofsson JK, Larsson M, Roa C, Wilson DA, Jonsson Laukka E. Interaction Between Odor Identification Deficit and APOE4 Predicts 6-Year Cognitive Decline in Elderly Individuals. Behav Genet 2020; 50:3-13. [PMID: 31760549 PMCID: PMC6941999 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-019-09980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory identification impairment might indicate future cognitive decline in elderly individuals. An unresolved question is to what extent this effect is dependent on the ApoE-ε4, a genotype associated with risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Given the current concern about reproducibility in empirical research, we assessed this issue in a large sample (n = 1637) of older adults (60 - 96 years) from the population-based longitudinal Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). A hierarchical regression analysis was carried out to determine if a low score on an odor identification test, and the presence of ApoE-ε4, would predict the magnitude of a prospective 6-year change in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) after controlling for demographic, health-related, and cognitive variables. We found that overall, lower odor identification performance was predictive of cognitive decline, and, as hypothesized, we found that the effect was most pronounced among ApoE-ε4 carriers. Our results from this high-powered sample suggest that in elderly carriers of the ApoE-ε4 allele, odor identification impairment provides an indication of future cognitive decline, which has relevance for the prognosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas K Olofsson
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 9A, 11419, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Child Study Center, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, USA.
| | - Maria Larsson
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 9A, 11419, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catalina Roa
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 9A, 11419, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Donald A Wilson
- Child Study Center, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, USA
| | - Erika Jonsson Laukka
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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