1
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Shitova AD, Zharikova TS, Kovaleva ON, Luchina AM, Aktemirov AS, Olsufieva AV, Sinelnikov MY, Pontes-Silva A, Zharikov YO. Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A comprehensive review of structural alterations and neurological mechanisms. Behav Brain Res 2023; 453:114606. [PMID: 37524204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Currently, it is possible to study the pathogenesis of Tourette's syndrome (TS) in more detail, due to more advanced methods of neuroimaging. However, medical and surgical treatment options are limited by a lack of understanding of the nature of the disorder and its relationship to some psychiatric disorders, the most common of which is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It is believed that the origin of chronic tic disorders is based on an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory influences in the Cortico-Striato-Thalamo-Cortical circuits (CSTC). The main CSTCs involved in the pathological process have been identified by studying structural and neurotransmitter disturbances in the interaction between the cortex and the basal ganglia. A neurotransmitter deficiency in CSTC has been demonstrated by immunohistochemical and genetic methods, but it is still not known whether it arises as a consequence of genetically determined disturbances of neuronal migration during ontogenesis or as a consequence of altered production of proteins involved in neurotransmitter production. The aim of this review is to describe current ideas about the comorbidity of TS with OCD, the involvement of CSTC in the pathogenesis of both disorders and the background of structural and neurotransmitter changes in CSTC that may serve as targets for drug and neuromodulatory treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatyana S Zharikova
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Olga N Kovaleva
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Anastasia M Luchina
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Arthur S Aktemirov
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Anna V Olsufieva
- Moscow University for Industry and Finance "Synergy", Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y Sinelnikov
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119048, Russia; Russian National Centre of Surgery, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow 117418, Russia
| | - André Pontes-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Yury O Zharikov
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 125009, Russia
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2
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Santoscoy MC, Espinoza P, De La Cruz D, Mahamdeh M, Starr JR, Patel N, Maguire CA. An AAV capsid increases transduction of striatum and a ChAT promoter allows selective cholinergic neuron transduction. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 29:532-540. [PMID: 37359416 PMCID: PMC10285237 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are currently the most efficient option for intracranial gene therapies to treat neurodegenerative disease. Increased efficacy and safety will depend upon robust and specific expression of therapeutic genes into target cell-types within the human brain. In this study, we set out with two objectives: (1) to identify capsids with broader transduction of the striatum upon intracranial injection in mice and (2) to test a truncated human choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) promoter that would allow efficient and selective transduction of cholinergic neurons. We compared AAV9 and an engineered capsid, AAV-S, to mediate widespread reporter gene expression throughout the striatum. We observed that AAV-S transduced a significantly greater area of the injected hemisphere primarily in the rostral direction compared with AAV9 (CAG promoter). We tested AAV9 vectors packaging a reporter gene expression cassette driven by either the ChAT or CAG promoter. Specificity of transgene expression of ChAT neurons over other cells was 7-fold higher, and efficiency was 3-fold higher for the ChAT promoter compared with the CAG promoter. The AAV-ChAT transgene expression cassette should be a useful tool for the study of cholinergic neurons in mice, and the broader transduction area of AAV-S warrants further evaluation of this capsid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel C. Santoscoy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Paula Espinoza
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Demitri De La Cruz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Mohammed Mahamdeh
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline R. Starr
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikita Patel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Casey A. Maguire
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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3
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Kanel P, van der Zee S, Sanchez-Catasus CA, Koeppe RA, Scott PJ, van Laar T, Albin RL, Bohnen NI. Cerebral topography of vesicular cholinergic transporter changes in neurologically intact adults: A [18F]FEOBV PET study. AGING BRAIN 2022; 2. [PMID: 35465252 PMCID: PMC9028526 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine plays a major role in brain cognitive and motor functions with regional cholinergic terminal loss common in several neurodegenerative disorders. We describe age-related declines of regional cholinergic neuron terminal density in vivo using the positron emission tomography (PET) ligand [18F](–)5-Fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol ([18F] FEOBV), a vesamicol analogue selectively binding to the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). A total of 42 subjects without clinical evidence of neurologic disease (mean 50.55 [range 20–80] years, 24 Male/18 Female) underwent [18F]FEOBV brain PET imaging. We used SPM based voxel-wise statistical analysis to perform whole brain voxel-based parametric analysis (family-wise error corrected, FWE) and to also extract the most significant clusters of regions correlating with aging with gender as nuisance variable. Age-related VAChT binding reductions were found in primary sensorimotor cortex, visual cortex, caudate nucleus, anterior to mid-cingulum, bilateral insula, para-hippocampus, hippocampus, anterior temporal lobes/amygdala, dorsomedial thalamus, metathalamus, and cerebellum (gender and FWE-corrected, P < 0.05). These findings show a specific topographic pattern of regional vulnerability of cholinergic nerve terminals across multiple cholinergic systems accompanying aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabesh Kanel
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Corresponding author at: Functional Neuroimaging, Cognitive and Mobility Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, University of Michigan, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Box 362, Ann Arbor, MI 48105-9755, USA.
| | - Sygrid van der Zee
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carlos A. Sanchez-Catasus
- Department of Neurology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert A. Koeppe
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter J.H. Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Teus van Laar
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Roger L. Albin
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neurology Service and GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicolaas I. Bohnen
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neurology Service and GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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4
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Mazere J, Dilharreguy B, Catheline G, Vidailhet M, Deffains M, Vimont D, Ribot B, Barse E, Cif L, Mazoyer B, Langbour N, Pisani A, Allard M, Lamare F, Guehl D, Fernandez P, Burbaud P. Striatal and cerebellar vesicular acetylcholine transporter expression is disrupted in human DYT1 dystonia. Brain 2021; 144:909-923. [PMID: 33638639 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-onset torsion dystonia (TOR1A/DYT1) is a devastating hereditary motor disorder whose pathophysiology remains unclear. Studies in transgenic mice suggested abnormal cholinergic transmission in the putamen, but this has not yet been demonstrated in humans. The role of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of the disease has also been highlighted but the involvement of the intrinsic cerebellar cholinergic system is unknown. In this study, cholinergic neurons were imaged using PET with 18F-fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol, a radioligand of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). Here, we found an age-related decrease in VAChT expression in the posterior putamen and caudate nucleus of DYT1 patients versus matched controls, with low expression in young but not in older patients. In the cerebellar vermis, VAChT expression was also significantly decreased in patients versus controls, but independently of age. Functional connectivity within the motor network studied in MRI and the interregional correlation of VAChT expression studied in PET were also altered in patients. These results show that the cholinergic system is disrupted in the brain of DYT1 patients and is modulated over time through plasticity or compensatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Mazere
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Bordeaux, France.,Institute of Cognitive and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 5287, Bordeaux University, F33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bixente Dilharreguy
- Institute of Cognitive and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 5287, Bordeaux University, F33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Catheline
- Institute of Cognitive and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 5287, Bordeaux University, F33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM) UMR 1127, hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Marc Deffains
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN, CNRS U5393), Université de Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Delphine Vimont
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Bordeaux, France.,Institute of Cognitive and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 5287, Bordeaux University, F33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bastien Ribot
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN, CNRS U5393), Université de Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Barse
- Institute of Cognitive and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 5287, Bordeaux University, F33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laura Cif
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHU de Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN, CNRS U5393), Université de Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Langbour
- Centre de Recherche en Psychiatrie, CH de la Milétrie, 86000, Poitiers, France
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy.,IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michèle Allard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Bordeaux, France.,Institute of Cognitive and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 5287, Bordeaux University, F33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Lamare
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Bordeaux, France.,Institute of Cognitive and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 5287, Bordeaux University, F33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dominique Guehl
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN, CNRS U5393), Université de Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France.,Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Pôle des Neurosciences Cliniques, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Fernandez
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Bordeaux, France.,Institute of Cognitive and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 5287, Bordeaux University, F33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Burbaud
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN, CNRS U5393), Université de Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France.,Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Pôle des Neurosciences Cliniques, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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5
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Favier M, Janickova H, Justo D, Kljakic O, Runtz L, Natsheh JY, Pascoal TA, Germann J, Gallino D, Kang JI, Meng XQ, Antinora C, Raulic S, Jacobsen JP, Moquin L, Vigneault E, Gratton A, Caron MG, Duriez P, Brandon MP, Neto PR, Chakravarty MM, Herzallah MM, Gorwood P, Prado MA, Prado VF, El Mestikawy S. Cholinergic dysfunction in the dorsal striatum promotes habit formation and maladaptive eating. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:6616-6630. [PMID: 33164988 DOI: 10.1172/jci138532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of habit formation has been recently proposed as pivotal to eating disorders. Here, we report that a subset of patients suffering from restrictive anorexia nervosa have enhanced habit formation compared with healthy controls. Habit formation is modulated by striatal cholinergic interneurons. These interneurons express vesicular transporters for acetylcholine (VAChT) and glutamate (VGLUT3) and use acetylcholine/glutamate cotransmission to regulate striatal functions. Using mice with genetically silenced VAChT (VAChT conditional KO, VAChTcKO) or VGLUT3 (VGLUT3cKO), we investigated the roles that acetylcholine and glutamate released by cholinergic interneurons play in habit formation and maladaptive eating. Silencing glutamate favored goal-directed behaviors and had no impact on eating behavior. In contrast, VAChTcKO mice were more prone to habits and maladaptive eating. Specific deletion of VAChT in the dorsomedial striatum of adult mice was sufficient to phenocopy maladaptive eating behaviors of VAChTcKO mice. Interestingly, VAChTcKO mice had reduced dopamine release in the dorsomedial striatum but not in the dorsolateral striatum. The dysfunctional eating behavior of VAChTcKO mice was alleviated by donepezil and by l-DOPA, confirming an acetylcholine/dopamine deficit. Our study reveals that loss of acetylcholine leads to a dopamine imbalance in striatal compartments, thereby promoting habits and vulnerability to maladaptive eating in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Favier
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helena Janickova
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damian Justo
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CMME, Hospital Sainte-Anne), Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (INSERM UMR1266), Paris, France
| | - Ornela Kljakic
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Léonie Runtz
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joman Y Natsheh
- Palestinian Neuroscience Initiative, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Jerusalem, Palestine.,Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tharick A Pascoal
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jurgen Germann
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Gallino
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jun-Ii Kang
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xiang Qi Meng
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christina Antinora
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sanda Raulic
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Luc Moquin
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erika Vigneault
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Gratton
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc G Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and.,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Philibert Duriez
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CMME, Hospital Sainte-Anne), Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (INSERM UMR1266), Paris, France
| | - Mark P Brandon
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa Neto
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering and.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammad M Herzallah
- Palestinian Neuroscience Initiative, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Jerusalem, Palestine.,Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Arts & Sciences-Newark Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Philip Gorwood
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CMME, Hospital Sainte-Anne), Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (INSERM UMR1266), Paris, France
| | - Marco Am Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vania F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie UM 119 - CNRS UMR 8246 - INSERM U1130, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
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6
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Quantification of brain cholinergic denervation in dementia with Lewy bodies using PET imaging with [ 18F]-FEOBV. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:322-327. [PMID: 30082840 PMCID: PMC6363916 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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7
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Abudukeyoumu N, Hernandez-Flores T, Garcia-Munoz M, Arbuthnott GW. Cholinergic modulation of striatal microcircuits. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:604-622. [PMID: 29797362 PMCID: PMC6587740 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to bridge the gap between earlier literature on striatal cholinergic interneurons and mechanisms of microcircuit interaction demonstrated with the use of newly available tools. It is well known that the main source of the high level of acetylcholine in the striatum, compared to other brain regions, is the cholinergic interneurons. These interneurons provide an extensive local innervation that suggests they may be a key modulator of striatal microcircuits. Supporting this idea requires the consideration of functional properties of these interneurons, their influence on medium spiny neurons, other interneurons, and interactions with other synaptic regulators. Here, we underline the effects of intrastriatal and extrastriatal afferents onto cholinergic interneurons and discuss the activation of pre‐ and postsynaptic muscarinic and nicotinic receptors that participate in the modulation of intrastriatal neuronal interactions. We further address recent findings about corelease of other transmitters in cholinergic interneurons and actions of these interneurons in striosome and matrix compartments. In addition, we summarize recent evidence on acetylcholine‐mediated striatal synaptic plasticity and propose roles for cholinergic interneurons in normal striatal physiology. A short examination of their role in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Tourette's pathologies and dystonia is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gordon W Arbuthnott
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
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8
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Albin RL, Bohnen NI, Muller MLTM, Dauer WT, Sarter M, Frey KA, Koeppe RA. Regional vesicular acetylcholine transporter distribution in human brain: A [ 18 F]fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol positron emission tomography study. J Comp Neurol 2018; 526:2884-2897. [PMID: 30255936 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prior efforts to image cholinergic projections in human brain in vivo had significant technical limitations. We used the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) ligand [18 F]fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol ([18 F]FEOBV) and positron emission tomography to determine the regional distribution of VAChT binding sites in normal human brain. We studied 29 subjects (mean age 47 [range 20-81] years; 18 men; 11 women). [18 F]FEOBV binding was highest in striatum, intermediate in the amygdala, hippocampal formation, thalamus, rostral brainstem, some cerebellar regions, and lower in other regions. Neocortical [18 F]FEOBV binding was inhomogeneous with relatively high binding in insula, BA24, BA25, BA27, BA28, BA34, BA35, pericentral cortex, and lowest in BA17-19. Thalamic [18 F]FEOBV binding was inhomogeneous with greatest binding in the lateral geniculate nuclei and relatively high binding in medial and posterior thalamus. Cerebellar cortical [18 F]FEOBV binding was high in vermis and flocculus, and lower in the lateral cortices. Brainstem [18 F]FEOBV binding was most prominent at the mesopontine junction, likely associated with the pedunculopontine-laterodorsal tegmental complex. Significant [18 F]FEOBV binding was present throughout the brainstem. Some regions, including the striatum, primary sensorimotor cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex exhibited age-related decreases in [18 F]FEOBV binding. These results are consistent with prior studies of cholinergic projections in other species and prior postmortem human studies. There is a distinctive pattern of human neocortical VChAT expression. The patterns of thalamic and cerebellar cortical cholinergic terminal distribution are likely unique to humans. Normal aging is associated with regionally specific reductions in [18 F]FEOBV binding in some cortical regions and the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger L Albin
- Neurology Service & GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Research in Parkinson's Disease, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Michigan Alzheimer Disease Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nicolaas I Bohnen
- Neurology Service & GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Research in Parkinson's Disease, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Martijn L T M Muller
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Research in Parkinson's Disease, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - William T Dauer
- Neurology Service & GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Research in Parkinson's Disease, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Martin Sarter
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Research in Parkinson's Disease, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kirk A Frey
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert A Koeppe
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Research in Parkinson's Disease, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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9
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Rizzo F, Nespoli E, Abaei A, Bar-Gad I, Deelchand DK, Fegert J, Rasche V, Hengerer B, Boeckers TM. Aripiprazole Selectively Reduces Motor Tics in a Young Animal Model for Tourette's Syndrome and Comorbid Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Neurol 2018; 9:59. [PMID: 29487562 PMCID: PMC5816975 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourette’s syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized primarily by motor and vocal tics. Comorbidities such as attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are observed in over 50% of TS patients. We applied aripiprazole in a juvenile rat model that displays motor tics and hyperactivity. We additionally assessed the amount of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) as an indicator for the presence of vocal tics and evaluated the changes in the striatal neurometabolism using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at 11.7T. Thirty-one juvenile spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) underwent bicuculline striatal microinjection and treatment with either aripiprazole or vehicle. Control groups were sham operated and sham injected. Behavior, USVs, and striatal neurochemical profile were analyzed at early, middle, and late adolescence (postnatal days 35 to 50). Bicuculline microinjections in the dorsolateral striatum induced motor tics in SHR juvenile rats. Acute aripiprazole administration selectively reduced both tic frequency and latency, whereas stereotypies, USVs, and hyperactivity remained unaltered. The striatal neurochemical profile was only moderately altered after tic-induction and was not affected by systemic drug treatment. When applied to a young rat model that provides high degrees of construct, face, and predictive validity for TS and comorbid ADHD, aripiprazole selectively reduces motor tics, revealing that tics and stereotypies are distinct phenomena in line with clinical treatment of patients. Finally, our 1H-MRS results suggest a critical revision of the striatal role in the hypothesized cortico-striatal dysregulation in TS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rizzo
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ester Nespoli
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Diseases, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Alireza Abaei
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Izhar Bar-Gad
- Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dinesh K Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jörg Fegert
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bastian Hengerer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Diseases, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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10
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Albin RL. Tourette syndrome: a disorder of the social decision-making network. Brain 2018; 141:332-347. [PMID: 29053770 PMCID: PMC5837580 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome is a common neurodevelopmental disorder defined by characteristic involuntary movements, tics, with both motor and phonic components. Tourette syndrome is usually conceptualized as a basal ganglia disorder, with an emphasis on striatal dysfunction. While considerable evidence is consistent with these concepts, imaging data suggest diffuse functional and structural abnormalities in Tourette syndrome brain. Tourette syndrome exhibits features that are difficult to explain solely based on basal ganglia circuit dysfunctions. These features include the natural history of tic expression, with typical onset of tics around ages 5 to 7 years and exacerbation during the peri-pubertal years, marked sex disparity with higher male prevalence, and the characteristic distribution of tics. The latter are usually repetitive, somewhat stereotyped involuntary eye, facial and head movements, and phonations. A major functional role of eye, face, and head movements is social signalling. Prior work in social neuroscience identified a phylogenetically conserved network of sexually dimorphic subcortical nuclei, the Social Behaviour Network, mediating many social behaviours. Social behaviour network function is modulated developmentally by gonadal steroids and social behaviour network outputs are stereotyped sex and species specific behaviours. In 2011 O'Connell and Hofmann proposed that the social behaviour network interdigitates with the basal ganglia to form a greater network, the social decision-making network. The social decision-making network may have two functionally complementary limbs: the basal ganglia component responsible for evaluation of socially relevant stimuli and actions with the social behaviour network component responsible for the performance of social acts. Social decision-making network dysfunction can explain major features of the neurobiology of Tourette syndrome. Tourette syndrome may be a disorder of social communication resulting from developmental abnormalities at several levels of the social decision-making network. The social decision-making network dysfunction hypothesis suggests new avenues for research in Tourette syndrome and new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger L Albin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Neurology Service and GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Parkinson’s Disease Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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