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Damilou A, Cai L, Argunşah AÖ, Han S, Kanatouris G, Karatsoli M, Hanley O, Gesuita L, Kollmorgen S, Helmchen F, Karayannis T. Developmental Cajal-Retzius cell death contributes to the maturation of layer 1 cortical inhibition and somatosensory processing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6501. [PMID: 39090081 PMCID: PMC11294614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of developmental cell death in the formation of brain circuits is not well understood. Cajal-Retzius cells constitute a major transient neuronal population in the mammalian neocortex, which largely disappears at the time of postnatal somatosensory maturation. In this study, we used mouse genetics, anatomical, functional, and behavioral approaches to explore the impact of the early postnatal death of Cajal-Retzius cells in the maturation of the cortical circuit. We find that before their death, Cajal-Retzius cells mainly receive inputs from layer 1 neurons, which can only develop their mature connectivity onto layer 2/3 pyramidal cells after Cajal-Retzius cells disappear. This developmental connectivity progression from layer 1 GABAergic to layer 2/3 pyramidal cells regulates sensory-driven inhibition within, and more so, across cortical columns. Here we show that Cajal-Retzius cell death prevention leads to layer 2/3 hyper-excitability, delayed learning and reduced performance in a multi-whisker-dependent texture discrimination task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Damilou
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University Research Priority Program (URPP), University of Zürich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linbi Cai
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Özgür Argunşah
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shuting Han
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Dynamics, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - George Kanatouris
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Karatsoli
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University Research Priority Program (URPP), University of Zürich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Hanley
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Gesuita
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sepp Kollmorgen
- Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University Research Priority Program (URPP), University of Zürich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University Research Priority Program (URPP), University of Zürich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Dynamics, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theofanis Karayannis
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University Research Priority Program (URPP), University of Zürich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Wren GH, Flanagan J, Underwood JFG, Thompson AR, Humby T, Davies W. Memory, mood and associated neuroanatomy in individuals with steroid sulphatase deficiency (X-linked ichthyosis). GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 23:e12893. [PMID: 38704684 PMCID: PMC11070068 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Steroid sulphatase (STS) cleaves sulphate groups from steroid hormones, and steroid (sulphate) levels correlate with mood and age-related cognitive decline. In animals, STS inhibition or deletion of the associated gene, enhances memory/neuroprotection and alters hippocampal neurochemistry. Little is known about the consequences of constitutive STS deficiency on memory-related processes in humans. We investigated self-reported memory performance (Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire), word-picture recall and recent mood (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, K10) in adult males with STS deficiency diagnosed with the dermatological condition X-linked ichthyosis (XLI; n = 41) and in adult female carriers of XLI-associated genetic variants (n = 79); we compared results to those obtained from matched control subjects [diagnosed with ichthyosis vulgaris (IV, n = 98) or recruited from the general population (n = 250)]. Using the UK Biobank, we compared mood/memory-related neuroanatomy in carriers of genetic deletions encompassing STS (n = 28) and non-carriers (n = 34,522). We found poorer word-picture recall and lower perceived memory abilities in males with XLI and female carriers compared with control groups. XLI-associated variant carriers and individuals with IV reported more adverse mood symptoms, reduced memory contentment and greater use of memory aids, compared with general population controls. Mood and memory findings appeared largely independent. Neuroanatomical analysis only indicated a nominally-significantly larger molecular layer in the right hippocampal body of deletion carriers relative to non-carriers. In humans, constitutive STS deficiency appears associated with mood-independent impairments in memory but not with large effects on underlying brain structure; the mediating psychobiological mechanisms might be explored further in individuals with XLI and in new mammalian models lacking STS developmentally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Flanagan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsSchool of Medicine, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Jack F. G. Underwood
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsSchool of Medicine, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation InstituteCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Andrew R. Thompson
- School of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- South Wales Clinical Psychology Doctoral ProgrammeCardiff and Vale University Health BoardCardiffUK
| | | | - William Davies
- School of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsSchool of Medicine, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation InstituteCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
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Barraclough BN, Stubbs WT, Bohic M, Upadhyay A, Abraira VE, Ramer MS. Direct comparison of Hoxb8-driven reporter distribution in the brains of four transgenic mouse lines: towards a spinofugal projection atlas. Front Neuroanat 2024; 18:1400015. [PMID: 38817241 PMCID: PMC11137224 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hox genes govern rostro-caudal identity along the developing spinal cord, which has a well-defined division of function between dorsal (sensory) and ventral (motor) halves. Here we exploit developmental Hoxb8 expression, normally restricted to the dorsal cord below the obex, to genetically label spinal cord-to-brain ("spinofugal") axons. Methods We crossed two targeted (knock-in) and two non-targeted recombinase-expressing lines (Hoxb8-IRES-Cre and Hoxb8-T2AFlpO; Hoxb8-Cre and Hoxb8-FlpO, respectively) with appropriate tdtomato-expressing reporter strains. Serial sectioning, confocal and superresolution microscopy, as well as light-sheet imaging was used to reveal robust labeling of ascending axons and their terminals in expected and unexpected regions. Results This strategy provides unprecedented anatomical detail of ascending spinal tracts anterior to the brainstem, and reveals a previously undescribed decussating tract in the ventral hypothalamus (the spinofugal hypothalamic decussating tract, or shxt). The absence of Hoxb8-suppressing elements led to multiple instances of ectopic reporter expression in Hoxb8-Cre mice (retinal ganglion and vomeronasal axons, anterior thalamic nuclei and their projections to the anterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices and subiculum, and a population of astrocytes at the cephalic flexure) and Hoxb8-FlpO mice (Cajal-Retzius cells of the dentate gyrus, and mesenchymal cells of the choroid plexus). While targeted transgenic lines were similar in terms of known spinofugal projections, Hoxb8-IRES-Cre reporters had an additional projection to the core of the facial motor nucleus, and more abundant Hoxb8-lineage microglia scattered throughout the brain than Hoxb8-T2A-FlpO (or any other) mice, suggesting dysregulated Hoxb8-driven reporter expression in one or both lines. Discussion This work complements structural and connectivity atlases of the mouse central nervous system, and provides a platform upon which their reactions to injury or disease can be studied. Ectopic Hoxb8-driven recombinase expression may also be a useful tool to study structure and function of other cell populations in non-targeted lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget N. Barraclough
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - W. Terrence Stubbs
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manon Bohic
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Aman Upadhyay
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Victoria E. Abraira
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Matt S. Ramer
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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van Bruggen R, Patel ZH, Wang M, Suk TR, Rousseaux MWC, Tan Q. A Versatile Strategy for Genetic Manipulation of Cajal-Retzius Cells in the Adult Mouse Hippocampus. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0054-23.2023. [PMID: 37775311 PMCID: PMC10585607 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0054-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells are transient neurons with long-lasting effects on the architecture and circuitry of the neocortex and hippocampus. Contrary to the prevailing assumption that CR cells completely disappear in rodents shortly after birth, a substantial portion of these cells persist in the hippocampus throughout adulthood. The role of these surviving CR cells in the adult hippocampus is largely unknown, partly because of the paucity of suitable tools to dissect their functions in the adult versus the embryonic brain. Here, we show that genetic crosses of the ΔNp73-Cre mouse line, widely used to target CR cells, to reporter mice induce reporter expression not only in CR cells, but also progressively in postnatal dentate gyrus granule neurons. Such a lack of specificity may confound studies of CR cell function in the adult hippocampus. To overcome this, we devise a method that not only leverages the temporary CR cell-targeting specificity of the ΔNp73-Cre mice before the first postnatal week, but also capitalizes on the simplicity and effectiveness of freehand neonatal intracerebroventricular injection of adeno-associated virus. We achieve robust Cre-mediated recombination that remains largely restricted to hippocampal CR cells from early postnatal age to adulthood. We further demonstrate the utility of this method to manipulate neuronal activity of CR cells in the adult hippocampus. This versatile and scalable strategy will facilitate experiments of CR cell-specific gene knockdown and/or overexpression, lineage tracing, and neural activity modulation in the postnatal and adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah van Bruggen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Zain H Patel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Terry R Suk
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Eric Poulin Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Maxime W C Rousseaux
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Eric Poulin Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Qiumin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
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Elorriaga V, Pierani A, Causeret F. Cajal-retzius cells: Recent advances in identity and function. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 79:102686. [PMID: 36774666 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Cajal-Retzius cells (CRs) are a transient neuronal type of the developing cerebral cortex. Over the years, they have been shown or proposed to play important functions in neocortical and hippocampal morphogenesis, circuit formation, brain evolution and human pathology. Because of their short lifespan, CRs have been pictured as a purely developmental cell type, whose production and active elimination are both required for correct brain development. In this review, we present some of the findings that allow us to better appreciate the identity and diversity of this very special cell type, and propose a unified definition of what should be considered a Cajal-Retzius cell, especially when working with non-mammalian species or organoids. In addition, we highlight a flurry of recent studies pointing to the importance of CRs in the assembly of functional and dysfunctional cortical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Elorriaga
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, F-75014 Paris, France; GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Frédéric Causeret
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, F-75014 Paris, France.
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Riva M, Moriceau S, Morabito A, Dossi E, Sanchez-Bellot C, Azzam P, Navas-Olive A, Gal B, Dori F, Cid E, Ledonne F, David S, Trovero F, Bartolomucci M, Coppola E, Rebola N, Depaulis A, Rouach N, de la Prida LM, Oury F, Pierani A. Aberrant survival of hippocampal Cajal-Retzius cells leads to memory deficits, gamma rhythmopathies and susceptibility to seizures in adult mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1531. [PMID: 36934089 PMCID: PMC10024761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cajal-Retzius cells (CRs) are transient neurons, disappearing almost completely in the postnatal neocortex by programmed cell death (PCD), with a percentage surviving up to adulthood in the hippocampus. Here, we evaluate CR's role in the establishment of adult neuronal and cognitive function using a mouse model preventing Bax-dependent PCD. CRs abnormal survival resulted in impairment of hippocampus-dependent memory, associated in vivo with attenuated theta oscillations and enhanced gamma activity in the dorsal CA1. At the cellular level, we observed transient changes in the number of NPY+ cells and altered CA1 pyramidal cell spine density. At the synaptic level, these changes translated into enhanced inhibitory currents in hippocampal pyramidal cells. Finally, adult mutants displayed an increased susceptibility to lethal tonic-clonic seizures in a kainate model of epilepsy. Our data reveal that aberrant survival of a small proportion of postnatal hippocampal CRs results in cognitive deficits and epilepsy-prone phenotypes in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Riva
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, 75015, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Moriceau
- Platform for Neurobehavioral and metabolism, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, 26 INSERM US24/CNRS UAR, 3633, Paris, France
| | - Annunziato Morabito
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, 47 Boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Elena Dossi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick Azzam
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, 75015, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | | | - Beatriz Gal
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Dori
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, 75015, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Elena Cid
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fanny Ledonne
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina David
- Key-Obs SAS, 13 avenue Buffon, 45100, Orléans, France
| | | | - Magali Bartolomucci
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Eva Coppola
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Nelson Rebola
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, 47 Boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Depaulis
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | | | - Franck Oury
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades-INEM, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, 75015, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France.
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France.
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Boros M, Sóki N, Molnár A, Ábrahám H. Morphological study of the postnatal hippocampal development in the TRPV1 knockout mice. Temperature (Austin) 2023; 10:102-120. [PMID: 37187833 PMCID: PMC10177702 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2023.2167444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel with polymodal sensory function. TRPV1 links to fever, while, according to previous studies on TRPV1 knock-out (KO) mice, the role of the channel in the generation of febrile seizure is debated. In the hippocampal formation, functional TRPV1 channels are expressed by Cajal-Retzius cells, which have a role in guidance of migrating neurons during development. Despite the developmental aspects of febrile seizure as well as of Cajal-Retzius cells, no information is available about the hippocampal development in TRPV1 KO mouse. Therefore, in the present work postnatal development of the hippocampal formation was studied in TRPV1 KO mice. Several morphological characteristics including neuronal positioning and maturation, synaptogenesis and myelination were examined with light microscopy following immunohistochemical detection of protein markers of various neurons, synapses, and myelination. Regarding the cytoarchitectonics, neuronal migration, morphological, and neurochemical maturation, no substantial difference could be detected between TRPV1 KO and wild-type control mice. Our data indicate that synapse formation and myelination occur similarly in TRPV1 KO and in control animals. We have found slightly, but not significantly larger numbers of persisting Cajal-Retzius cells in the KO mice than in controls. Our result strengthens previous suggestion concerning the role of TRPV1 channel in the postnatal apoptotic cell death of Cajal-Retzius cells. However, the fact that the hippocampus of KO mice lacks major developmental abnormalities supports the use of TRPV1 KO in various animal models of diseases and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Boros
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscopic Laboratory, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Noémi Sóki
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscopic Laboratory, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Abigél Molnár
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscopic Laboratory, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Ábrahám
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscopic Laboratory, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute for the Psychology of Special Needs, Bárczi Gusztáv Faculty of Special Needs Education, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Ahrari A, Meseke M, Förster E. Tetrodotoxin prevents heat-shock induced granule cell dispersion in hippocampal slice cultures. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:906262. [PMID: 36092698 PMCID: PMC9452958 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.906262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Granule cell dispersion (GCD) has been associated as a pathological feature of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Early-life epileptiform activity such as febrile seizures has been proposed to have a causal link to developing chronic TLE. During postnatal development, the hippocampus may be particularly vulnerable to hyperexcitability-induced insults since neuronal migration and differentiation are still ongoing in the hippocampus. Further, the extracellular matrix (ECM), here in particular the protein reelin, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of GCD. Thus, loss of reelin-expressing cells, Cajal-Retzius cells and subsets of interneurons, may be related to GCD. To study the possible role of febrile seizures, we previously induced GCD in vitro by subjecting hippocampal slice cultures to a transient heat-shock, which was not accompanied by loss of Cajal-Retzius cells. In order to examine the mechanisms involved in heat-shock induced GCD, the present study aimed to determine whether such dispersion could be prevented by blocking cellular electrical activity. Here we show that the extent of heat-shock induced GCD could be significantly reduced by treatment with the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX), suggesting that electrical activity is an important factor involved in heat-shock induced GCD.
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9
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Anstötz M, Lee SK, Maccaferri G. Glutamate released by Cajal-Retzius cells impacts specific hippocampal circuits and behaviors. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110822. [PMID: 35584670 PMCID: PMC9190441 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of Cajal-Retzius cells on the regulation of hippocampal circuits and related behaviors is unresolved. Here, we directly address this issue by impairing the glutamatergic output of Cajal-Retzius cells with the conditional ablation of vGluT2, which is their main vesicular glutamate transporter. Although two distinct conditional knockout lines do not reveal major alterations in hippocampal-layer organization and dendritic length of principal neurons or GABAergic cells, we find parallel deficits in specific hippocampal-dependent behaviors and in their putative underlying microcircuits. First, conditional knockout animals show increased innate anxiety and decreased feedforward GABAergic inhibition on dentate gyrus granule cells. Second, we observe impaired spatial memory processing, which is associated with decreased spine density and reduced AMPA/NMDA ratio of postsynaptic responses at the perforant- and entorhino-hippocampal pathways. We conclude that glutamate synaptically released by Cajal-Retzius cells is critical for the regulation of hippocampal microcircuits and specific types of behaviors. Anstötz et al. report that postnatal hippocampal Cajal-Retzius cells use vGluT2 as their main glutamate vesicular transporter. Conditional inactivation of vGluT2 in mice reveals both behavioral and network alterations. The observed results indicate the involvement of Cajal-Retzius cells in the regulation of innate anxiety/spatial memory and in potentially related neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Anstötz
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Sun Kyong Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Gianmaria Maccaferri
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Jiménez S, Moreno N. Analysis of the Expression Pattern of Cajal-Retzius Cell Markers in the Xenopus laevis Forebrain. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2021; 96:263-282. [PMID: 34614492 DOI: 10.1159/000519025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cajal-Retzius cells are essential for cortical development in mammals, and their involvement in the evolution of this structure has been widely postulated, but very little is known about their progenitor domains in non-mammalian vertebrates. Using in situhybridization and immunofluorescence techniques we analyzed the expression of some of the main Cajal-Retzius cell markers such as Dbx1, Ebf3, ER81, Lhx1, Lhx5, p73, Reelin, Wnt3a, Zic1, and Zic2 in the forebrain of the anuran Xenopus laevis, because amphibians are the only class of anamniote tetrapods and show a tetrapartite evaginated pallium, but no layered or nuclear organization. Our results suggested that the Cajal-Retzius cell progenitor domains were comparable to those previously described in amniotes. Thus, at dorsomedial telencephalic portions a region comparable to the cortical hem was defined in Xenopus based on the expression of Wnt3a, p73, Reelin, Zic1, and Zic2. In the septum, two different domains were observed: a periventricular dorsal septum, at the limit between the pallium and the subpallium, expressing Reelin, Zic1, and Zic2, and a related septal domain, expressing Ebf3, Zic1, and Zic2. In the lateral telencephalon, the ventral pallium next to the pallio-subpallial boundary, the lack of Dbx1 and the unique expression of Reelin during development defined this territory as the most divergent with respect to mammals. Finally, we also analyzed the expression of these markers at the prethalamic eminence region, suggested as Cajal-Retzius progenitor domain in amniotes, observing there Zic1, Zic2, ER81, and Lhx1 expression. Our data show that in anurans there are different subtypes and progenitor domains of Cajal-Retzius cells, which probably contribute to the cortical regional specification and territory-specific properties. This supports the notion that the basic organization of pallial derivatives in vertebrates follows a comparable fundamental arrangement, even in those that do not have a sophisticated stratified cortical structure like the mammalian cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jiménez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Wander CM, Song J. The neurogenic niche in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2021; 762:136109. [PMID: 34271133 PMCID: PMC9013442 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is the process of generation and functional incorporation of new neurons, formed by adult neural stem cells in the dentate gyrus. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is highly dependent upon the integration of dynamic external stimuli and is instrumental in the formation of new spatial memories. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is therefore uniquely sensitive to the summation of neuronal circuit and neuroimmune environments that comprise the neurogenic niche, and has powerful implications in diseases of aging and neurological disorders. This sensitivity underlies the neurogenic niche alterations commonly observed in Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia. This review summarizes Alzheimer's disease associated changes in neuronal network activity, neuroinflammatory processes, and adult neural stem cell fate choice that ultimately result in neurogenic niche dysfunction and impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis. A more comprehensive understanding of the complex changes mediating neurogenic niche disturbances in Alzheimer's disease will aid development of future therapies targeting adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor M Wander
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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12
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Causeret F, Moreau MX, Pierani A, Blanquie O. The multiple facets of Cajal-Retzius neurons. Development 2021; 148:268379. [PMID: 34047341 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cajal-Retzius neurons (CRs) are among the first-born neurons in the developing cortex of reptiles, birds and mammals, including humans. The peculiarity of CRs lies in the fact they are initially embedded into the immature neuronal network before being almost completely eliminated by cell death at the end of cortical development. CRs are best known for controlling the migration of glutamatergic neurons and the formation of cortical layers through the secretion of the glycoprotein reelin. However, they have been shown to play numerous additional key roles at many steps of cortical development, spanning from patterning and sizing functional areas to synaptogenesis. The use of genetic lineage tracing has allowed the discovery of their multiple ontogenetic origins, migratory routes, expression of molecular markers and death dynamics. Nowadays, single-cell technologies enable us to appreciate the molecular heterogeneity of CRs with an unprecedented resolution. In this Review, we discuss the morphological, electrophysiological, molecular and genetic criteria allowing the identification of CRs. We further expose the various sources, migration trajectories, developmental functions and death dynamics of CRs. Finally, we demonstrate how the analysis of public transcriptomic datasets allows extraction of the molecular signature of CRs throughout their transient life and consider their heterogeneity within and across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Causeret
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu X Moreau
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014 Paris, France.,Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Oriane Blanquie
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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13
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Newell AJ, Chung SH, Wagner CK. Inhibition of progesterone receptor activity during development increases reelin-immunoreactivity in Cajal-Retzius cells, alters synaptic innervation in neonatal dentate gyrus, and impairs episodic-like memory in adulthood. Horm Behav 2021; 127:104887. [PMID: 33166560 PMCID: PMC8130849 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PR) is expressed in Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells of the dentate gyrus (DG) molecular layer during the postnatal period (P1-28), a critical stage of development for the dentate gyrus and its circuitry. CR cells secrete the glycoprotein, reelin, which is required for typical development of the DG and its connections, particularly afferent input from the perforant path. This pathway regulates the processing of sensory information arriving from entorhinal cortex and integrates this information to form episodic memories. To assess the potential role of PR activity on the development of these connections and associated behavior, rats were treated daily from P1 to 7 with the PR antagonist, RU486. RU486 treatment increased the number of reelin-ir cells, suggesting an accumulation of reelin, and implicating PR in the regulation of a principle developmental function of CR cells. RU486 also altered the synaptic bouton marker, synaptophysin-ir, in a sex-specific manner, suggesting a role for PR activity in the development of perforant path innervation of the molecular layer (MOL). Finally, both control and RU486 treated rats spent significantly more time with a temporally distant object in the Relative Recency task, suggesting an intact associative memory for object identity and temporal order in both groups. In contrast, the same RU486 treated rats were impaired in an episodic-like memory task compared to controls, failing to integrate object identity ('what'), time ('when'), and object position ('where'). These findings reveal a novel role for PR in regulating CR cell function within the MOL, thereby altering development of DG connectivity and behavioral function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Newell
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America; Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America
| | - Sung Hwan Chung
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America; Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America
| | - Christine K Wagner
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America; Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America.
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14
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Gesuita L, Karayannis T. A 'Marginal' tale: the development of the neocortical layer 1. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 66:37-47. [PMID: 33069991 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of neocortical layer 1 is a very dynamic process and the scene of multiple transient events, with Cajal-Retzius cell death being one of the most characteristic ones. Layer 1 is also the route of migration for a substantial number of GABAergic interneurons during embryogenesis and where some of which will ultimately remain in the adult. The two cell types, together with a diverse set of incoming axons and dendrites, create an early circuit that will dramatically change in structure and function in the adult cortex to give prominence to inhibition. Through the engagement of a diverse set of GABAergic inhibitory cells by bottom-up and top-down inputs, adult layer 1 becomes a powerful computational platform for the neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Gesuita
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theofanis Karayannis
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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15
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Nelson BR, Hodge RD, Daza RA, Tripathi PP, Arnold SJ, Millen KJ, Hevner RF. Intermediate progenitors support migration of neural stem cells into dentate gyrus outer neurogenic niches. eLife 2020; 9:53777. [PMID: 32238264 PMCID: PMC7159924 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is a unique brain region maintaining neural stem cells (NCSs) and neurogenesis into adulthood. We used multiphoton imaging to visualize genetically defined progenitor subpopulations in live slices across key stages of mouse DG development, testing decades old static models of DG formation with molecular identification, genetic-lineage tracing, and mutant analyses. We found novel progenitor migrations, timings, dynamic cell-cell interactions, signaling activities, and routes underlie mosaic DG formation. Intermediate progenitors (IPs, Tbr2+) pioneered migrations, supporting and guiding later emigrating NSCs (Sox9+) through multiple transient zones prior to converging at the nascent outer adult niche in a dynamic settling process, generating all prenatal and postnatal granule neurons in defined spatiotemporal order. IPs (Dll1+) extensively targeted contacts to mitotic NSCs (Notch active), revealing a substrate for cell-cell contact support during migrations, a developmental feature maintained in adults. Mouse DG formation shares conserved features of human neocortical expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branden R Nelson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Rebecca D Hodge
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Ray Am Daza
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Prem Prakash Tripathi
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Sebastian J Arnold
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freiburg, Germany.,Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Robert F Hevner
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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16
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Young WS, Song J. Characterization of Oxytocin Receptor Expression Within Various Neuronal Populations of the Mouse Dorsal Hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:40. [PMID: 32256314 PMCID: PMC7093644 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin, acting through the oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) in the periphery, is best known for its roles in regulating parturition and lactation. However, it is also now known to possess a number of important social functions within the central nervous system, including social preference, memory and aggression, that vary to different degrees in different species. The Oxtr is found in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons within the brain and research is focusing on how, for example, activation of the receptor in interneurons can enhance the signal-to-noise of neuronal transmission. It is important to understand which neurons in the mouse dorsal hippocampus might be activated during memory formation. Therefore, we examined the colocalization of transcripts in over 5,000 neurons for Oxtr with those for nine different markers often found in interneurons using hairpin chain reaction in situ hybridization on hippocampal sections. Most pyramidal cell neurons of CA2 and many in the CA3 express Oxtr. Outside of those excitatory neurons, over 90% of Oxtr-expressing neurons co-express glutamic acid decarboxylase-1 (Gad-1) with progressively decreasing numbers of co-expressing cholecystokinin, somatostatin, parvalbumin, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, the serotonin 3a receptor, the vesicular glutamate transporter 3, calbindin 2 (calretinin), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide neurons. Distributions were analyzed within hippocampal layers and regions as well. These findings indicate that Oxtr activation will modulate the activity of ~30% of the Gad-1 interneurons and the majority of the diverse population of those, mostly, interneuron types specifically examined in the mouse hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Scott Young
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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