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Cao B, Xu Q, Shi Y, Zhao R, Li H, Zheng J, Liu F, Wan Y, Wei B. Pathology of pain and its implications for therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:155. [PMID: 38851750 PMCID: PMC11162504 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is estimated to affect more than 20% of the global population, imposing incalculable health and economic burdens. Effective pain management is crucial for individuals suffering from pain. However, the current methods for pain assessment and treatment fall short of clinical needs. Benefiting from advances in neuroscience and biotechnology, the neuronal circuits and molecular mechanisms critically involved in pain modulation have been elucidated. These research achievements have incited progress in identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. In this review, we first introduce fundamental knowledge about pain, setting the stage for the subsequent contents. The review next delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying pain disorders, including gene mutation, epigenetic modification, posttranslational modification, inflammasome, signaling pathways and microbiota. To better present a comprehensive view of pain research, two prominent issues, sexual dimorphism and pain comorbidities, are discussed in detail based on current findings. The status quo of pain evaluation and manipulation is summarized. A series of improved and innovative pain management strategies, such as gene therapy, monoclonal antibody, brain-computer interface and microbial intervention, are making strides towards clinical application. We highlight existing limitations and future directions for enhancing the quality of preclinical and clinical research. Efforts to decipher the complexities of pain pathology will be instrumental in translating scientific discoveries into clinical practice, thereby improving pain management from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Qixuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yajiao Shi
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hanghang Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fengyu Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Arcas JM, Oudaha K, González A, Fernández-Trillo J, Peralta FA, Castro-Marsal J, Poyraz S, Taberner F, Sala S, de la Peña E, Gomis A, Viana F. The ion channel TRPM8 is a direct target of the immunosuppressant rapamycin in primary sensory neurons. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38741464 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway is a key regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Its deregulation is implicated in several diseases. The macrolide rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTOR, has immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties. Recently, we identified tacrolimus, another macrolide immunosuppressant, as a novel activator of TRPM8 ion channels, involved in cold temperature sensing, thermoregulation, tearing and cold pain. We hypothesized that rapamycin may also have agonist activity on TRPM8 channels. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using calcium imaging and electrophysiology in transfected HEK293 cells and wildtype or Trpm8 KO mouse DRG neurons, we characterized rapamycin's effects on TRPM8 channels. We also examined the effects of rapamycin on tearing in mice. KEY RESULTS Micromolar concentrations of rapamycin activated rat and mouse TRPM8 channels directly and potentiated cold-evoked responses, effects also observed in human TRPM8 channels. In cultured mouse DRG neurons, rapamycin increased intracellular calcium levels almost exclusively in cold-sensitive neurons. Responses were markedly decreased in Trpm8 KO mice or by TRPM8 channel antagonists. Cutaneous cold thermoreceptor endings were also activated by rapamycin. Topical application of rapamycin to the eye surface evokes tearing in mice by a TRPM8-dependent mechanism. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results identify TRPM8 cationic channels in sensory neurons as novel molecular targets of the immunosuppressant rapamycin. These findings may help explain some of its therapeutic effects after topical application to the skin and the eye surface. Moreover, rapamycin could be used as an experimental tool in the clinic to explore cold thermoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Arcas
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Khalid Oudaha
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Alejandro González
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Jorge Fernández-Trillo
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Júlia Castro-Marsal
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Seyma Poyraz
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Taberner
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Salvador Sala
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Elvira de la Peña
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Gomis
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Félix Viana
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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3
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York JM. Temperature activated transient receptor potential ion channels from Antarctic fishes. Open Biol 2023; 13:230215. [PMID: 37848053 PMCID: PMC10581778 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antarctic notothenioid fishes (cryonotothenioids) live in waters that range between -1.86°C and an extreme maximum +4°C. Evidence suggests these fish sense temperature peripherally, but the molecular mechanism of temperature sensation in unknown. Previous work identified transient receptor potential (TRP) channels TRPA1b, TRPM4 and TRPV1a as the top candidates for temperature sensors. Here, cryonotothenioid TRPA1b and TRPV1a are characterized using Xenopus oocyte electrophysiology. TRPA1b and TRPV1a showed heat-evoked currents with Q10s of 11.1 ± 2.2 and 20.5 ± 2.4, respectively. Unexpectedly, heat activation occurred at a threshold of 22.9 ± 1.3°C for TRPA1b and 32.1 ± 0.6°C for TRPV1a. These fish have not experienced such temperatures for at least 15 Myr. Either (1) another molecular mechanism underlies temperature sensation, (2) these fishes do not sense temperatures below these thresholds despite having lethal limits as low as 5°C, or (3) native cellular conditions modify the TRP channels to function at relevant temperatures. The effects of osmolytes, pH, oxidation, phosphorylation, lipids and accessory proteins were tested. No conditions shifted the activity range of TRPV1a. Oxidation in combination with reduced cholesterol significantly dropped activation threshold of TRPA1b to 11.3 ± 2.3°C, it is hypothesized the effect may be due to lipid raft disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. York
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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4
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Yang C, Yamaki S, Jung T, Kim B, Huyhn R, McKemy DD. Endogenous Inflammatory Mediators Produced by Injury Activate TRPV1 and TRPA1 Nociceptors to Induce Sexually Dimorphic Cold Pain That Is Dependent on TRPM8 and GFRα3. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2803-2814. [PMID: 36898840 PMCID: PMC10089246 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2303-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of environmental temperatures is critical for survival, yet inappropriate responses to thermal stimuli can have a negative impact on overall health. The physiological effect of cold is distinct among somatosensory modalities in that it is soothing and analgesic, but also agonizing in the context of tissue damage. Inflammatory mediators produced during injury activate nociceptors to release neuropeptides, such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P, inducing neurogenic inflammation, which further exasperates pain. Many inflammatory mediators induce sensitization to heat and mechanical stimuli but, conversely, inhibit cold responsiveness, and the identity of molecules inducing cold pain peripherally is enigmatic, as are the cellular and molecular mechanisms altering cold sensitivity. Here, we asked whether inflammatory mediators that induce neurogenic inflammation via the nociceptive ion channels TRPV1 (vanilloid subfamily of transient receptor potential channel) and TRPA1 (transient receptor potential ankyrin 1) lead to cold pain in mice. Specifically, we tested cold sensitivity in mice after intraplantar injection of lysophosphatidic acid or 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, finding that each induces cold pain that is dependent on the cold-gated channel transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8). Inhibition of CGRP, substance P, or toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling attenuates this phenotype, and each neuropeptide produces TRPM8-dependent cold pain directly. Further, the inhibition of CGRP or TLR4 signaling alleviates cold allodynia differentially by sex. Last, cold pain induced by both inflammatory mediators and neuropeptides requires TRPM8, as well as the neurotrophin artemin and its receptor GDNF receptor α3 (GFRα3). These results are consistent with artemin-induced cold allodynia requiring TRPM8, demonstrating that neurogenic inflammation alters cold sensitivity via localized artemin release that induces cold pain via GFRα3 and TRPM8.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The cellular and molecular mechanisms that generate pain are complex with a diverse array of pain-producing molecules generated during injury that act to sensitize peripheral sensory neurons, thereby inducing pain. Here we identify a specific neuroinflammatory pathway involving the ion channel TRPM8 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8) and the neurotrophin receptor GFRα3 (GDNF receptor α3) that leads to cold pain, providing select targets for potential therapies for this pain modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Yang
- Neurobiology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
- Molecular and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Shanni Yamaki
- Neurobiology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
- Molecular and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Tyler Jung
- Neurobiology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Brian Kim
- Neurobiology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Ryan Huyhn
- Neurobiology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - David D McKemy
- Neurobiology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
- Molecular and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
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5
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Ovsepian SV, Waxman SG. Gene therapy for chronic pain: emerging opportunities in target-rich peripheral nociceptors. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:252-265. [PMID: 36658346 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
With sweeping advances in precision delivery systems and manipulation of the genomes and transcriptomes of various cell types, medical biotechnology offers unprecedented selectivity for and control of a wide variety of biological processes, forging new opportunities for therapeutic interventions. This perspective summarizes state-of-the-art gene therapies enabled by recent innovations, with an emphasis on the expanding universe of molecular targets that govern the activity and function of primary sensory neurons and which might be exploited to effectively treat chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saak V Ovsepian
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich London, Chatham Maritime, UK.
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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6
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Ochoa SV, Casas Z, Albarracín SL, Sutachan JJ, Torres YP. Therapeutic potential of TRPM8 channels in cancer treatment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1098448. [PMID: 37033630 PMCID: PMC10073478 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1098448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial process associated with changes in signaling pathways leading to cell cycle variations and gene expression. The transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channel is a non-selective cation channel expressed in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues, where it is involved in several processes, including thermosensation, differentiation, and migration. Cancer is a multifactorial process associated with changes in signaling pathways leading to variations in cell cycle and gene expression. Interestingly, it has been shown that TRPM8 channels also participate in physiological processes related to cancer, such as proliferation, survival, and invasion. For instance, TRPM8 channels have an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of prostate cancer. In addition, it has been reported that TRPM8 channels are involved in the progress of pancreatic, breast, bladder, colon, gastric, and skin cancers, glioblastoma, and neuroblastoma. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of TRPM8 channels in cancer progression. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of TRPM8 in carcinogenesis, which has been proposed as a molecular target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara V. Ochoa
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Semillero de Investigación, Biofísica y Fisiología de Canales Iónicos, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Sara V. Ochoa, ; Yolima P. Torres,
| | - Zulma Casas
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sonia L. Albarracín
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jhon Jairo Sutachan
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yolima P. Torres
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Sara V. Ochoa, ; Yolima P. Torres,
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7
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Hernández-Ortego P, Torres-Montero R, de la Peña E, Viana F, Fernández-Trillo J. Validation of Six Commercial Antibodies for the Detection of Heterologous and Endogenous TRPM8 Ion Channel Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416164. [PMID: 36555804 PMCID: PMC9784522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPM8 is a non-selective cation channel expressed in primary sensory neurons and other tissues, including the prostate and urothelium. Its participation in different physiological and pathological processes such as thermoregulation, pain, itch, inflammation and cancer has been widely described, making it a promising target for therapeutic approaches. The detection and quantification of TRPM8 seems crucial for advancing the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying its role in these pathophysiological conditions. Antibody-based techniques are commonly used for protein detection and quantification, although their performance with many ion channels, including TRPM8, is suboptimal. Thus, the search for reliable antibodies is of utmost importance. In this study, we characterized the performance of six TRPM8 commercial antibodies in three immunodetection techniques: Western blot, immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Different outcomes were obtained for the tested antibodies; two of them proved to be successful in detecting TRPM8 in the three approaches while, in the conditions tested, the other four were acceptable only for specific techniques. Considering our results, we offer some insight into the usefulness of these antibodies for the detection of TRPM8 depending on the methodology of choice.
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8
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Plaza‐Cayón A, González‐Muñiz R, Martín‐Martínez M. Mutations of TRPM8 channels: Unraveling the molecular basis of activation by cold and ligands. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:2168-2203. [PMID: 35976012 PMCID: PMC9805079 DOI: 10.1002/med.21920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cation nonselective channel TRPM8 is activated by multiple stimuli, including moderate cold and various chemical compounds (i.e., menthol and icilin [Fig. 1], among others). While research continues growing on the understanding of the physiological involvement of TRPM8 channels and their role in various pathological states, the information available on its activation mechanisms has also increased, supported by mutagenesis and structural studies. This review compiles known information on specific mutations of channel residues and their consequences on channel viability and function. Besides, the comparison of sequence of animals living in different environments, together with chimera and mutagenesis studies are helping to unravel the mechanism of adaptation to different temperatures. The results of mutagenesis studies, grouped by different channel regions, are compared with the current knowledge of TRPM8 structures obtained by cryo-electron microscopy. Trying to make this review self-explicative and highly informative, important residues for TRPM8 function are summarized in a figure, and mutants, deletions and chimeras are compiled in a table, including also the observed effects by different methods of activation and the corresponding references. The information provided by this review may also help in the design of new ligands for TRPM8, an interesting biological target for therapeutic intervention.
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9
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Lewis CM, Griffith TN. The mechanisms of cold encoding. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 75:102571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Control of TRPM3 Ion Channels by Protein Kinase CK2-Mediated Phosphorylation in Pancreatic β-Cells of the Line INS-1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313133. [PMID: 34884938 PMCID: PMC8658122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In pancreatic β-cells of the line INS-1, glucose uptake and metabolism induce the openings of Ca2+-permeable TRPM3 channels that contribute to the elevation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the fusion of insulin granules with the plasma membrane. Conversely, glucose-induced Ca2+ signals and insulin release are reduced by the activity of the serine/threonine kinase CK2. Therefore, we hypothesized that TRPM3 channels might be regulated by CK2 phosphorylation. We used recombinant TRPM3α2 proteins, native TRPM3 proteins from INS-1 β-cells, and TRPM3-derived oligopeptides to analyze and localize CK2-dependent phosphorylation of TRPM3 channels. The functional consequences of CK2 phosphorylation upon TRPM3-mediated Ca2+ entry were investigated in Fura-2 Ca2+-imaging experiments. Recombinant TRPM3α2 channels expressed in HEK293 cells displayed enhanced Ca2+ entry in the presence of the CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 and their activity was strongly reduced after CK2 overexpression. TRPM3α2 channels were phosphorylated by CK2 in vitro at serine residue 1172. Accordingly, a TRPM3α2 S1172A mutant displayed enhanced Ca2+ entry. The TRPM3-mediated Ca2+ entry in INS-1 β-cells was also strongly increased in the presence of CX-4945 and reduced after overexpression of CK2. Our study shows that CK2-mediated phosphorylation controls TRPM3 channel activity in INS-1 β-cells.
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Kollewe A, Chubanov V, Tseung FT, Correia L, Schmidt E, Rössig A, Zierler S, Haupt A, Müller CS, Bildl W, Schulte U, Nicke A, Fakler B, Gudermann T. The molecular appearance of native TRPM7 channel complexes identified by high-resolution proteomics. eLife 2021; 10:68544. [PMID: 34766907 PMCID: PMC8616561 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) is a ubiquitously expressed membrane protein consisting of ion channel and protein kinase domains. TRPM7 plays a fundamental role in the cellular uptake of divalent cations such as Zn2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+, and thus shapes cellular excitability, plasticity, and metabolic activity. The molecular appearance and operation of TRPM7 channels in native tissues have remained unresolved. Here, we investigated the subunit composition of endogenous TRPM7 channels in rodent brain by multi-epitope affinity purification and high-resolution quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. We found that native TRPM7 channels are high-molecular-weight multi-protein complexes that contain the putative metal transporter proteins CNNM1-4 and a small G-protein ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 15 (ARL15). Heterologous reconstitution experiments confirmed the formation of TRPM7/CNNM/ARL15 ternary complexes and indicated that complex formation effectively and specifically impacts TRPM7 activity. These results open up new avenues towards a mechanistic understanding of the cellular regulation and function of TRPM7 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Kollewe
- Institute of Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Chubanov
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fong Tsuen Tseung
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonor Correia
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Schmidt
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Rössig
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanna Zierler
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Alexander Haupt
- Institute of Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Catrin Swantje Müller
- Institute of Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bildl
- Institute of Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schulte
- Institute of Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Fakler
- Institute of Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
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