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Lau LA, Zhao Z, Gomperts SN, Staley KJ, Lillis KP. Cellular resolution contributions to ictal population signals. Epilepsia 2024; 65:2165-2178. [PMID: 38752861 PMCID: PMC11251866 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The increased amplitude of ictal activity is a common feature of epileptic seizures, but the determinants of this amplitude have not been identified. Clinically, ictal amplitudes are measured electrographically (using, e.g., electroencephalography, electrocorticography, and depth electrodes), but these methods do not enable the assessment of the activity of individual neurons. Population signal may increase from three potential sources: (1) increased synchrony (i.e., more coactive neurons); (2) altered active state, from bursts of action potentials and/or paroxysmal depolarizing shifts in membrane potential; and (3) altered subthreshold state, which includes all lower levels of activity. Here, we quantify the fraction of ictal signal from each source. METHODS To identify the cellular determinants of the ictal signal, we measured single cell and population electrical activity and neuronal calcium levels via optical imaging of the genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI) GCaMP. Spontaneous seizure activity was assessed with microendoscopy in an APP/PS1 mouse with focal cortical injury and via widefield imaging in the organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) model of posttraumatic epilepsy. Single cell calcium signals were linked to a range of electrical activities by performing simultaneous GECI-based calcium imaging and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in spontaneously seizing OHSCs. Neuronal resolution calcium imaging of spontaneous seizures was then used to quantify the cellular contributions to population-level ictal signal. RESULTS The seizure onset signal was primarily driven by increased subthreshold activity, consistent with either barrages of excitatory postsynaptic potentials or sustained membrane depolarization. Unsurprisingly, more neurons entered the active state as seizure activity progressed. However, the increasing fraction of active cells was primarily driven by synchronous reactivation and not from continued recruitment of new populations of neurons into the seizure. SIGNIFICANCE This work provides a critical link between single neuron activity and population measures of seizure activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Lau
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Zhuoyang Zhao
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Stephen N. Gomperts
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Kevin J. Staley
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Kyle P. Lillis
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Goldberg AR, Dovas A, Torres D, Sharma SD, Mela A, Merricks EM, Olabarria M, Shokooh LA, Zhao HT, Kotidis C, Calvaresi P, Viswanathan A, Banu MA, Razavilar A, Sudhakar TD, Saxena A, Chokran C, Humala N, Mahajan A, Xu W, Metz JB, Chen C, Bushong EA, Boassa D, Ellisman MH, Hillman EMC, McKhann GM, Gill BJA, Rosenfeld SS, Schevon CA, Bruce JN, Sims PA, Peterka DS, Canoll P. Glioma-Induced Alterations in Excitatory Neurons are Reversed by mTOR Inhibition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.10.575092. [PMID: 38293120 PMCID: PMC10827113 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.575092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas are highly aggressive brain tumors characterized by poor prognosis and composed of diffusely infiltrating tumor cells that intermingle with non-neoplastic cells in the tumor microenvironment, including neurons. Neurons are increasingly appreciated as important reactive components of the glioma microenvironment, due to their role in causing hallmark glioma symptoms, such as cognitive deficits and seizures, as well as their potential ability to drive glioma progression. Separately, mTOR signaling has been shown to have pleiotropic effects in the brain tumor microenvironment, including regulation of neuronal hyperexcitability. However, the local cellular-level effects of mTOR inhibition on glioma-induced neuronal alterations are not well understood. Here we employed neuron-specific profiling of ribosome-bound mRNA via 'RiboTag,' morphometric analysis of dendritic spines, and in vivo calcium imaging, along with pharmacological mTOR inhibition to investigate the impact of glioma burden and mTOR inhibition on these neuronal alterations. The RiboTag analysis of tumor-associated excitatory neurons showed a downregulation of transcripts encoding excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic proteins and dendritic spine development, and an upregulation of transcripts encoding cytoskeletal proteins involved in dendritic spine turnover. Light and electron microscopy of tumor-associated excitatory neurons demonstrated marked decreases in dendritic spine density. In vivo two-photon calcium imaging in tumor-associated excitatory neurons revealed progressive alterations in neuronal activity, both at the population and single-neuron level, throughout tumor growth. This in vivo calcium imaging also revealed altered stimulus-evoked somatic calcium events, with changes in event rate, size, and temporal alignment to stimulus, which was most pronounced in neurons with high-tumor burden. A single acute dose of AZD8055, a combined mTORC1/2 inhibitor, reversed the glioma-induced alterations on the excitatory neurons, including the alterations in ribosome-bound transcripts, dendritic spine density, and stimulus evoked responses seen by calcium imaging. These results point to mTOR-driven pathological plasticity in neurons at the infiltrative margin of glioma - manifested by alterations in ribosome-bound mRNA, dendritic spine density, and stimulus-evoked neuronal activity. Collectively, our work identifies the pathological changes that tumor-associated excitatory neurons experience as both hyperlocal and reversible under the influence of mTOR inhibition, providing a foundation for developing therapies targeting neuronal signaling in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Goldberg
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Athanassios Dovas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniela Torres
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sohani Das Sharma
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Angeliki Mela
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Edward M Merricks
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Markel Olabarria
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Hanzhi T Zhao
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Corina Kotidis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter Calvaresi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ashwin Viswanathan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matei A Banu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aida Razavilar
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tejaswi D Sudhakar
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ankita Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cole Chokran
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nelson Humala
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aayushi Mahajan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Weihao Xu
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jordan B Metz
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Cady Chen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eric A Bushong
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniela Boassa
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elizabeth M C Hillman
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Guy M McKhann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brian J A Gill
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Catherine A Schevon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Darcy S Peterka
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Agopyan-Miu AH, Merricks EM, Smith EH, McKhann GM, Sheth SA, Feldstein NA, Trevelyan AJ, Schevon CA. Cell-type specific and multiscale dynamics of human focal seizures in limbic structures. Brain 2023; 146:5209-5223. [PMID: 37536281 PMCID: PMC10689922 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between clinically accessible epileptic biomarkers and neuronal activity underlying the transition to seizure is complex, potentially leading to imprecise delineation of epileptogenic brain areas. In particular, the pattern of interneuronal firing at seizure onset remains under debate, with some studies demonstrating increased firing and others suggesting reductions. Previous study of neocortical sites suggests that seizure recruitment occurs upon failure of inhibition, with intact feedforward inhibition in non-recruited territories. We investigated whether the same principle applies in limbic structures. We analysed simultaneous electrocorticography (ECoG) and neuronal recordings of 34 seizures in a cohort of 19 patients (10 male, 9 female) undergoing surgical evaluation for pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy. A clustering approach with five quantitative metrics computed from ECoG and multiunit data was used to distinguish three types of site-specific activity patterns during seizures, which at times co-existed within seizures. Overall, 156 single units were isolated, subclassified by cell-type and tracked through the seizure using our previously published methods to account for impacts of increased noise and single-unit waveshape changes caused by seizures. One cluster was closely associated with clinically defined seizure onset or spread. Entrainment of high-gamma activity to low-frequency ictal rhythms was the only metric that reliably identified this cluster at the level of individual seizures (P < 0.001). A second cluster demonstrated multi-unit characteristics resembling those in the first cluster, without concomitant high-gamma entrainment, suggesting feedforward effects from the seizure. The last cluster captured regions apparently unaffected by the ongoing seizure. Across all territories, the majority of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons reduced (69.2%) or ceased firing (21.8%). Transient increases in interneuronal firing rates were rare (13.5%) but showed evidence of intact feedforward inhibition, with maximal firing rate increases and waveshape deformations in territories not fully recruited but showing feedforward activity from the seizure, and a shift to burst-firing in seizure-recruited territories (P = 0.014). This study provides evidence for entrained high-gamma activity as an accurate biomarker of ictal recruitment in limbic structures. However, reduced neuronal firing suggested preserved inhibition in mesial temporal structures despite simultaneous indicators of seizure recruitment, in contrast to the inhibitory collapse scenario documented in neocortex. Further study is needed to determine if this activity is ubiquitous to hippocampal seizures or indicates a 'seizure-responsive' state in which the hippocampus is not the primary driver. If the latter, distinguishing such cases may help to refine the surgical treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Agopyan-Miu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, NewYork, NY 10032, USA
| | - Edward M Merricks
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, NewYork, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elliot H Smith
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, NewYork, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Guy M McKhann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, NewYork, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sameer A Sheth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Neil A Feldstein
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, NewYork, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrew J Trevelyan
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Catherine A Schevon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, NewYork, NY 10032, USA
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Hu Y, Yao Y, Qi H, Yang J, Zhang C, Zhang A, Liu X, Zhang C, Gan G, Zhu X. Microglia sense and suppress epileptic neuronal hyperexcitability. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106881. [PMID: 37541638 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, undertaking surveillance role and reacting to brain homeostasis and neurological diseases. Recent studies indicate that microglia modulate epilepsy-induced neuronal activities, however, the mechanisms underlying microglia-neuron communication in epilepsy are still unclear. Here we report that epileptic neuronal hyperexcitability activates microglia and drives microglial ATP/ADP hydrolyzing ectoenzyme CD39 (encoded by Entpd1) expression via recruiting the cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator-1 (CRTC1) from cytoplasm to the nucleus and binding to CREB. Activated microglia in turn suppress epileptic neuronal hyperexcitability in a CD39 dependent manner. Disrupting microglial CREB/CRTC1 signaling, however, decreases CD39 expression and diminishes the inhibitory effect of microglia on epileptic neuronal hyperexcitability. Overall, our findings reveal CD39-dependent control of epileptic neuronal hyperexcitability by microglia is through an excitation-transcription coupling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honggang Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiurong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Canyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiufang Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Transmission Electron Microscopy Center, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangming Gan
- Transmission Electron Microscopy Center, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinjian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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5
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Michalak AJ, Greenblatt A, Wu S, Tobochnik S, Dave H, Raghupathi R, Esengul YT, Guerra A, Tao JX, Issa NP, Cosgrove GR, Lega B, Warnke P, Chen HI, Lucas T, Sheth SA, Banks GP, Kwon CS, Feldstein N, Youngerman B, McKhann G, Davis KA, Schevon C. Seizure onset patterns predict outcome after stereo-electroencephalography-guided laser amygdalohippocampotomy. Epilepsia 2023; 64:1568-1581. [PMID: 37013668 PMCID: PMC10247471 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy (SLAH) is an appealing option for patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, who often require intracranial monitoring to confirm mesial temporal seizure onset. However, given limited spatial sampling, it is possible that stereotactic electroencephalography (stereo-EEG) may miss seizure onset elsewhere. We hypothesized that stereo-EEG seizure onset patterns (SOPs) may differentiate between primary onset and secondary spread and predict postoperative seizure control. In this study, we characterized the 2-year outcomes of patients who underwent single-fiber SLAH after stereo-EEG and evaluated whether stereo-EEG SOPs predict postoperative seizure freedom. METHODS This retrospective five-center study included patients with or without mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) who underwent stereo-EEG followed by single-fiber SLAH between August 2014 and January 2022. Patients with causative hippocampal lesions apart from MTS or for whom the SLAH was considered palliative were excluded. An SOP catalogue was developed based on literature review. The dominant pattern for each patient was used for survival analysis. The primary outcome was 2-year Engel I classification or recurrent seizures before then, stratified by SOP category. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients were included, with a mean follow-up duration of 39 ± 12 months after SLAH. Overall 1-, 2-, and 3-year Engel I seizure freedom probability was 54%, 36%, and 33%, respectively. Patients with SOPs, including low-voltage fast activity or low-frequency repetitive spiking, had a 46% 2-year seizure freedom probability, compared to 0% for patients with alpha or theta frequency repetitive spiking or theta or delta frequency rhythmic slowing (log-rank test, p = .00015). SIGNIFICANCE Patients who underwent SLAH after stereo-EEG had a low probability of seizure freedom at 2 years, but SOPs successfully predicted seizure recurrence in a subset of patients. This study provides proof of concept that SOPs distinguish between hippocampal seizure onset and spread and supports using SOPs to improve selection of SLAH candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Michalak
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Greenblatt
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shasha Wu
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, NY, USA
| | - Steven Tobochnik
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hina Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ramya Raghupathi
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, NY, USA
| | - Yasar T. Esengul
- Department of Neurology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Antonio Guerra
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - James X. Tao
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, NY, USA
| | - Naoum P. Issa
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, NY, USA
| | - Garth R. Cosgrove
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley Lega
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Peter Warnke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, NY, USA
| | - H. Isaac Chen
- Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, NY, USA
| | - Timothy Lucas
- Department of Neurosurgery & Biomedical Engineering, Ohio State University; Neurotech Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sameer A. Sheth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Garrett P. Banks
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Churl-Su Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neil Feldstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brett Youngerman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guy McKhann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Davis
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Schevon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Lee S, Deshpande SS, Merricks EM, Schlafly E, Goodman R, McKhann GM, Eskandar EN, Madsen JR, Cash SS, van Putten MJAM, Schevon CA, van Drongelen W. Spatiotemporal spike-centered averaging reveals symmetry of temporal and spatial components of the spike-LFP relationship during human focal seizures. Commun Biol 2023; 6:317. [PMID: 36966217 PMCID: PMC10039941 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrographic manifestation of neural activity can reflect the relationship between the faster action potentials of individual neurons and the slower fluctuations of the local field potential (LFP). This relationship is typically examined in the temporal domain using the spike-triggered average. In this study, we add a spatial component to this relationship. Here we first derive a theoretical model of the spike-LFP relationship across a macroelectrode. This mathematical derivation showed a special symmetry in the spike-LFP relationship wherein a sinc function in the temporal domain predicts a sinc function in the spatial domain. We show that this theoretical result is observed in a real-world system by characterizing the spike-LFP relationship using microelectrode array (MEA) recordings of human focal seizures. To do this, we present a approach, termed the spatiotemporal spike-centered average (st-SCA), that allows for visualization of the spike-LFP relationship in both the temporal and spatial domains. We applied this method to 25 MEA recordings obtained from seven patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy. Of the five patients with MEAs implanted in recruited territory, three exhibited spatiotemporal patterns consistent with a sinc function, and two exhibited spatiotemporal patterns resembling deep wells of excitation. These results suggest that in some cases characterization of the spike-LFP relationship in the temporal domain is sufficient to predict the underlying spatial pattern. Finally, we discuss the biological interpretation of these findings and propose that the sinc function may reflect the role of mid-range excitatory connections during seizure activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Sarita S Deshpande
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Edward M Merricks
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Emily Schlafly
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Robert Goodman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, 10075, USA
| | - Guy M McKhann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Emad N Eskandar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Nayef Al-Rodhan Laboratories for Cellular Neurosurgery and Neurosurgical Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Joseph R Madsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sydney S Cash
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Michel J A M van Putten
- Clinical Neurophysiology Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wim van Drongelen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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7
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Scalmani P, Paterra R, Mantegazza M, Avoli M, de Curtis M. Involvement of GABAergic Interneuron Subtypes in 4-Aminopyridine-Induced Seizure-Like Events in Mouse Entorhinal Cortex in Vitro. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1987-2001. [PMID: 36810229 PMCID: PMC10027059 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1190-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-unit recordings performed in temporal lobe epilepsy patients and in models of temporal lobe seizures have shown that interneurons are active at focal seizure onset. We performed simultaneous patch-clamp and field potential recordings in entorhinal cortex slices of GAD65 and GAD67 C57BL/6J male mice that express green fluorescent protein in GABAergic neurons to analyze the activity of specific interneuron (IN) subpopulations during acute seizure-like events (SLEs) induced by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 100 μm). IN subtypes were identified as parvalbuminergic (INPV, n = 17), cholecystokinergic (INCCK), n = 13], and somatostatinergic (INSOM, n = 15), according to neurophysiological features and single-cell digital PCR. INPV and INCCK discharged at the start of 4-AP-induced SLEs characterized by either low-voltage fast or hyper-synchronous onset pattern. In both SLE onset types, INSOM fired earliest before SLEs, followed by INPV and INCCK discharges. Pyramidal neurons became active with variable delays after SLE onset. Depolarizing block was observed in ∼50% of cells in each INs subgroup, and it was longer in IN (∼4 s) than in pyramidal neurons (<1 s). As SLE evolved, all IN subtypes generated action potential bursts synchronous with the field potential events leading to SLE termination. High-frequency firing throughout the SLE occurred in one-third of INPV and INSOM We conclude that entorhinal cortex INs are very active at the onset and during the progression of SLEs induced by 4-AP. These results support earlier in vivo and in vivo evidence and suggest that INs have a preferential role in focal seizure initiation and development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Focal seizures are believed to result from enhanced excitation. Nevertheless, we and others demonstrated that cortical GABAergic networks may initiate focal seizures. Here, we analyzed for the first time the role of different IN subtypes in seizures generated by 4-aminopyridine in the mouse entorhinal cortex slices. We found that in this in vitro focal seizure model, all IN types contribute to seizure initiation and that INs precede firing of principal cells. This evidence is in agreement with the active role of GABAergic networks in seizure generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosina Paterra
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Massimo Mantegazza
- Université Côte d'Azur, 06560 Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7275, Laboratoire d'Excellence/Canaux Ioniques d'Intérêt Thérapeutique, 06650 Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 06650 Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Massimo Avoli
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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8
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Juan E, Górska U, Kozma C, Papantonatos C, Bugnon T, Denis C, Kremen V, Worrell G, Struck AF, Bateman LM, Merricks EM, Blumenfeld H, Tononi G, Schevon C, Boly M. Distinct signatures of loss of consciousness in focal impaired awareness versus tonic-clonic seizures. Brain 2023; 146:109-123. [PMID: 36383415 PMCID: PMC10582624 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of consciousness is a hallmark of many epileptic seizures and carries risks of serious injury and sudden death. While cortical sleep-like activities accompany loss of consciousness during focal impaired awareness seizures, the mechanisms of loss of consciousness during focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures remain unclear. Quantifying differences in markers of cortical activation and ictal recruitment between focal impaired awareness and focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures may also help us to understand their different consequences for clinical outcomes and to optimize neuromodulation therapies. We quantified clinical signs of loss of consciousness and intracranial EEG activity during 129 focal impaired awareness and 50 focal to bilateral tonic-clonic from 41 patients. We characterized intracranial EEG changes both in the seizure onset zone and in areas remote from the seizure onset zone with a total of 3386 electrodes distributed across brain areas. First, we compared the dynamics of intracranial EEG sleep-like activities: slow-wave activity (1-4 Hz) and beta/delta ratio (a validated marker of cortical activation) during focal impaired awareness versus focal to bilateral tonic-clonic. Second, we quantified differences between focal to bilateral tonic-clonic and focal impaired awareness for a marker validated to detect ictal cross-frequency coupling: phase-locked high gamma (high-gamma phased-locked to low frequencies) and a marker of ictal recruitment: the epileptogenicity index. Third, we assessed changes in intracranial EEG activity preceding and accompanying behavioural generalization onset and their correlation with electromyogram channels. In addition, we analysed human cortical multi-unit activity recorded with Utah arrays during three focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures. Compared to focal impaired awareness, focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures were characterized by deeper loss of consciousness, even before generalization occurred. Unlike during focal impaired awareness, early loss of consciousness before generalization was accompanied by paradoxical decreases in slow-wave activity and by increases in high-gamma activity in parieto-occipital and temporal cortex. After generalization, when all patients displayed loss of consciousness, stronger increases in slow-wave activity were observed in parieto-occipital cortex, while more widespread increases in cortical activation (beta/delta ratio), ictal cross-frequency coupling (phase-locked high gamma) and ictal recruitment (epileptogenicity index). Behavioural generalization coincided with a whole-brain increase in high-gamma activity, which was especially synchronous in deep sources and could not be explained by EMG. Similarly, multi-unit activity analysis of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic revealed sustained increases in cortical firing rates during and after generalization onset in areas remote from the seizure onset zone. Overall, these results indicate that unlike during focal impaired awareness, the neural signatures of loss of consciousness during focal to bilateral tonic-clonic consist of paradoxical increases in cortical activation and neuronal firing found most consistently in posterior brain regions. These findings suggest differences in the mechanisms of ictal loss of consciousness between focal impaired awareness and focal to bilateral tonic-clonic and may account for the more negative prognostic consequences of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Juan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1018 WS, The Netherlands
| | - Urszula Górska
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Csaba Kozma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Cynthia Papantonatos
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Tom Bugnon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Colin Denis
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Vaclav Kremen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, 16000, Czech Republic
| | - Greg Worrell
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Aaron F Struck
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Neurology, William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Lisa M Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Edward M Merricks
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hal Blumenfeld
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Catherine Schevon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Melanie Boly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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9
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Gill BJA, Khan FA, Goldberg AR, Merricks EM, Wu X, Sosunov AA, Sudhakar TD, Dovas A, Lado W, Michalak AJ, Teoh JJ, Liou JY, Frankel WN, McKhann GM, Canoll P, Schevon CA. Single unit analysis and wide-field imaging reveal alterations in excitatory and inhibitory neurons in glioma. Brain 2022; 145:3666-3680. [PMID: 35552612 PMCID: PMC10202150 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While several studies have attributed the development of tumour-associated seizures to an excitatory-inhibitory imbalance, we have yet to resolve the spatiotemporal interplay between different types of neuron in glioma-infiltrated cortex. Herein, we combined methods for single unit analysis of microelectrode array recordings with wide-field optical mapping of Thy1-GCaMP pyramidal cells in an ex vivo acute slice model of diffusely infiltrating glioma. This enabled simultaneous tracking of individual neurons from both excitatory and inhibitory populations throughout seizure-like events. Moreover, our approach allowed for observation of how the crosstalk between these neurons varied spatially, as we recorded across an extended region of glioma-infiltrated cortex. In tumour-bearing slices, we observed marked alterations in single units classified as putative fast-spiking interneurons, including reduced firing, activity concentrated within excitatory bursts and deficits in local inhibition. These results were correlated with increases in overall excitability. Mechanistic perturbation of this system with the mTOR inhibitor AZD8055 revealed increased firing of putative fast-spiking interneurons and restoration of local inhibition, with concomitant decreases in overall excitability. Altogether, our findings suggest that diffusely infiltrating glioma affect the interplay between excitatory and inhibitory neuronal populations in a reversible manner, highlighting a prominent role for functional mechanisms linked to mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J A Gill
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Farhan A Khan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexander R Goldberg
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Edward M Merricks
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexander A Sosunov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tejaswi D Sudhakar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Athanassios Dovas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wudu Lado
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrew J Michalak
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jia Jie Teoh
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jyun-you Liou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wayne N Frankel
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Guy M McKhann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Catherine A Schevon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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10
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Schlafly ED, Marshall FA, Merricks EM, Eden UT, Cash SS, Schevon CA, Kramer MA. Multiple Sources of Fast Traveling Waves during Human Seizures: Resolving a Controversy. J Neurosci 2022; 42:6966-6982. [PMID: 35906069 PMCID: PMC9464018 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0338-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During human seizures, organized waves of voltage activity rapidly sweep across the cortex. Two contradictory theories describe the source of these fast traveling waves: either a slowly advancing narrow region of multiunit activity (an ictal wavefront) or a fixed cortical location. Limited observations and different analyses prevent resolution of these incompatible theories. Here we address this disagreement by combining the methods and microelectrode array recordings (N = 11 patients, 2 females, N = 31 seizures) from previous human studies to analyze the traveling wave source. We find, inconsistent with both existing theories, a transient relationship between the ictal wavefront and traveling waves, and multiple stable directions of traveling waves in many seizures. Using a computational model that combines elements of both existing theories, we show that interactions between an ictal wavefront and fixed source reproduce the traveling wave dynamics observed in vivo We conclude that combining both existing theories can generate the diversity of ictal traveling waves.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The source of voltage discharges that propagate across cortex during human seizures remains unknown. Two candidate theories exist, each proposing a different discharge source. Support for each theory consists of observations from a small number of human subject recordings, analyzed with separately developed methods. How the different, limited data and different analysis methods impact the evidence for each theory is unclear. To resolve these differences, we combine the unique, human microelectrode array recordings collected separately for each theory and analyze these combined data with a unified approach. We show that neither existing theory adequately describes the data. We then propose a new theory that unifies existing proposals and successfully reproduces the voltage discharge dynamics observed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D Schlafly
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - François A Marshall
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics & Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Edward M Merricks
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Uri T Eden
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics & Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Sydney S Cash
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | | | - Mark A Kramer
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics & Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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Axelrod V, Rozier C, Malkinson TS, Lehongre K, Adam C, Lambrecq V, Navarro V, Naccache L. Face-selective multi-unit activity in the proximity of the FFA modulated by facial expression stimuli. Neuropsychologia 2022; 170:108228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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12
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Smith EH, Liou JY, Merricks EM, Davis T, Thomson K, Greger B, House P, Emerson RG, Goodman R, McKhann GM, Sheth S, Schevon C, Rolston JD. Human interictal epileptiform discharges are bidirectional traveling waves echoing ictal discharges. eLife 2022; 11:e73541. [PMID: 35050851 PMCID: PMC8813051 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), also known as interictal spikes, are large intermittent electrophysiological events observed between seizures in patients with epilepsy. Although they occur far more often than seizures, IEDs are less studied, and their relationship to seizures remains unclear. To better understand this relationship, we examined multi-day recordings of microelectrode arrays implanted in human epilepsy patients, allowing us to precisely observe the spatiotemporal propagation of IEDs, spontaneous seizures, and how they relate. These recordings showed that the majority of IEDs are traveling waves, traversing the same path as ictal discharges during seizures, and with a fixed direction relative to seizure propagation. Moreover, the majority of IEDs, like ictal discharges, were bidirectional, with one predominant and a second, less frequent antipodal direction. These results reveal a fundamental spatiotemporal similarity between IEDs and ictal discharges. These results also imply that most IEDs arise in brain tissue outside the site of seizure onset and propagate toward it, indicating that the propagation of IEDs provides useful information for localizing the seizure focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot H Smith
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jyun-you Liou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell MedicineNew York CItyUnited States
| | | | - Tyler Davis
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Kyle Thomson
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Bradley Greger
- Department of Bioengineering, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Paul House
- Neurosurgical Associates, LLCMurrayUnited States
| | | | | | - Guy M McKhann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Sameer Sheth
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | | | - John D Rolston
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
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