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Haziza S, Chrapkiewicz R, Zhang Y, Kruzhilin V, Li J, Li J, Delamare G, Swanson R, Buzsaki G, Kannan M, Vasan G, Lin MZ, Zeng H, Daigle TL, Schnitzer MJ. Imaging high-frequency voltage dynamics in multiple neuron classes of behaving mammals. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.15.607428. [PMID: 39185175 PMCID: PMC11343216 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.15.607428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent genetically encoded voltage indicators report transmembrane potentials of targeted cell-types. However, voltage-imaging instrumentation has lacked the sensitivity to track spontaneous or evoked high-frequency voltage oscillations in neural populations. Here we describe two complementary TEMPO voltage-sensing technologies that capture neural oscillations up to ~100 Hz. Fiber-optic TEMPO achieves ~10-fold greater sensitivity than prior photometry systems, allows hour-long recordings, and monitors two neuron-classes per fiber-optic probe in freely moving mice. With it, we uncovered cross-frequency-coupled theta- and gamma-range oscillations and characterized excitatory-inhibitory neural dynamics during hippocampal ripples and visual cortical processing. The TEMPO mesoscope images voltage activity in two cell-classes across a ~8-mm-wide field-of-view in head-fixed animals. In awake mice, it revealed sensory-evoked excitatory-inhibitory neural interactions and traveling gamma and 3-7 Hz waves in the visual cortex, and previously unreported propagation directions for hippocampal theta and beta waves. These technologies have widespread applications probing diverse oscillations and neuron-type interactions in healthy and diseased brains.
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2
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Zhang Y, Karadas M, Liu J, Gu X, Vöröslakos M, Li Y, Tsien RW, Buzsáki G. Interaction of acetylcholine and oxytocin neuromodulation in the hippocampus. Neuron 2024; 112:1862-1875.e5. [PMID: 38537642 PMCID: PMC11156550 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
A postulated role of subcortical neuromodulators is to control brain states. Mechanisms by which different neuromodulators compete or cooperate at various temporal scales remain an open question. We investigated the interaction of acetylcholine (ACh) and oxytocin (OXT) at slow and fast timescales during various brain states. Although these neuromodulators fluctuated in parallel during NREM packets, transitions from NREM to REM were characterized by a surge of ACh but a continued decrease of OXT. OXT signaling lagged behind ACh. High ACh was correlated with population synchrony and gamma oscillations during active waking, whereas minimum ACh predicts sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs). Optogenetic control of ACh and OXT neurons confirmed the active role of these neuromodulators in the observed correlations. Synchronous hippocampal activity consistently reduced OXT activity, whereas inactivation of the lateral septum-hypothalamus path attenuated this effect. Our findings demonstrate how cooperative actions of these neuromodulators allow target circuits to perform specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xinyi Gu
- Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yulong Li
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Richard W Tsien
- Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - György Buzsáki
- Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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3
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Nakajima N, Kamijo T, Hayakawa H, Sugisaki E, Aihara T. Modification of temporal pattern sensitivity for inputs from medial entorhinal cortex by lateral inputs in hippocampal granule cells. Cogn Neurodyn 2024; 18:1047-1059. [PMID: 38826655 PMCID: PMC11143144 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-023-09964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The medial dendrites (MDs) of granule cells (GCs) receive spatial information through the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) from the entorhinal cortex in the rat hippocampus while the distal dendrites (DDs) of GCs receive non-spatial information (sensory inputs) through the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC). However, it is unclear how information processing through the two pathways is managed in GCs. In this study, we investigated associative information processing between two independent inputs to MDs and DDs. First, in physiological experiments, to compare response characteristics between MDs and DDs, electrical stimuli comprising five pulses were applied to the MPP or LPP in rat hippocampal slices. These stimuli transiently decreased the excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) of successive input pulses to MDs, whereas EPSPs to DDs showed sustained responses. Next, in computational experiments using a local network model obtained by fitting of the physiological experimental data, we compared associative information processing between DDs and MDs. The results showed that the temporal pattern sensitivity for burst inputs to MDs depended on the frequency of the random pulse inputs applied to DDs. On the other hand, with lateral inhibition to GCs from interneurons, the temporal pattern sensitivity for burst inputs to MDs was enhanced or tuned up according to the frequency of the random pulse inputs to the other cells. Thus, our results suggest that the temporal pattern sensitivity of spatial information depends on the non-spatial inputs to GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nakajima
- Graduated School of Engineering, Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadanobu Kamijo
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | - Eriko Sugisaki
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Aihara
- Graduated School of Engineering, Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Fechner J, Contreras MP, Zorzo C, Shan X, Born J, Inostroza M. Sleep-slow oscillation-spindle coupling precedes spindle-ripple coupling during development. Sleep 2024; 47:zsae061. [PMID: 38452190 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep supports systems memory consolidation through the precise temporal coordination of specific oscillatory events during slow-wave sleep, i.e. the neocortical slow oscillations (SOs), thalamic spindles, and hippocampal ripples. Beneficial effects of sleep on memory are also observed in infants, although the contributing regions, especially hippocampus and frontal cortex, are immature. Here, we examined in rats the development of these oscillatory events and their coupling during early life. METHODS EEG and hippocampal local field potentials were recorded during sleep in male rats at postnatal days (PD)26 and 32, roughly corresponding to early (1-2 years) and late (9-10 years) human childhood, and in a group of adult rats (14-18 weeks, corresponding to ~22-29 years in humans). RESULTS SO and spindle amplitudes generally increased from PD26 to PD32. In parallel, frontocortical EEG spindles increased in density and frequency, while changes in hippocampal ripples remained nonsignificant. The proportion of SOs co-occurring with spindles also increased from PD26 to PD32. Whereas parietal cortical spindles were phase-locked to the depolarizing SO-upstate already at PD26, over frontal cortex SO-spindle phase-locking emerged not until PD32. Co-occurrence of hippocampal ripples with spindles was higher during childhood than in adult rats, but significant phase-locking of ripples to the excitable spindle troughs was observed only in adult rats. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate a protracted development of synchronized thalamocortical processing specifically in frontocortical networks (i.e. frontal SO-spindle coupling). However, synchronization within thalamocortical networks generally precedes synchronization of thalamocortical with hippocampal processing as reflected by the delayed occurrence of spindle-ripple phase-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fechner
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - María P Contreras
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Candela Zorzo
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Xia Shan
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen,Germany
- Werner Reichert Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marion Inostroza
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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5
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Wang M, Lassers SB, Vakilna YS, Mander BA, Tang WC, Brewer GJ. Spindle oscillations in communicating axons within a reconstituted hippocampal formation are strongest in CA3 without thalamus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8384. [PMID: 38600114 PMCID: PMC11006914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Spindle-shaped waves of oscillations emerge in EEG scalp recordings during human and rodent non-REM sleep. The association of these 10-16 Hz oscillations with events during prior wakefulness suggests a role in memory consolidation. Human and rodent depth electrodes in the brain record strong spindles throughout the cortex and hippocampus, with possible origins in the thalamus. However, the source and targets of the spindle oscillations from the hippocampus are unclear. Here, we employed an in vitro reconstruction of four subregions of the hippocampal formation with separate microfluidic tunnels for single axon communication between subregions assembled on top of a microelectrode array. We recorded spontaneous 400-1000 ms long spindle waves at 10-16 Hz in single axons passing between subregions as well as from individual neurons in those subregions. Spindles were nested within slow waves. The highest amplitudes and most frequent occurrence suggest origins in CA3 neurons that send feed-forward axons into CA1 and feedback axons into DG. Spindles had 50-70% slower conduction velocities than spikes and were not phase-locked to spikes suggesting that spindle mechanisms are independent of action potentials. Therefore, consolidation of declarative-cognitive memories in the hippocampus may be separate from the more easily accessible consolidation of memories related to thalamic motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Samuel B Lassers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yash S Vakilna
- Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN), The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bryce A Mander
- Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory and MIND Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92868, USA
| | - William C Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Gregory J Brewer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory and MIND Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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6
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Staresina BP. Coupled sleep rhythms for memory consolidation. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:339-351. [PMID: 38443198 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
How do passing moments turn into lasting memories? Sheltered from external tasks and distractions, sleep constitutes an optimal state for the brain to reprocess and consolidate previous experiences. Recent work suggests that consolidation is governed by the intricate interaction of slow oscillations (SOs), spindles, and ripples - electrophysiological sleep rhythms that orchestrate neuronal processing and communication within and across memory circuits. This review describes how sequential SO-spindle-ripple coupling provides a temporally and spatially fine-tuned mechanism to selectively strengthen target memories across hippocampal and cortical networks. Coupled sleep rhythms might be harnessed not only to enhance overnight memory retention, but also to combat memory decline associated with healthy ageing and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard P Staresina
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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7
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Weiner OM, O'Byrne J, Cross NE, Giraud J, Tarelli L, Yue V, Homer L, Walker K, Carbone R, Dang-Vu TT. Slow oscillation-spindle cross-frequency coupling predicts overnight declarative memory consolidation in older adults. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:662-685. [PMID: 37002805 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Cross-frequency coupling (CFC) between brain oscillations during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep (e.g. slow oscillations [SO] and spindles) may be a neural mechanism of overnight memory consolidation. Declines in CFC across the lifespan might accompany coinciding memory problems with ageing. However, there are few reports of CFC changes during sleep after learning in older adults, controlling for baseline effects. Our objective was to examine NREM CFC in healthy older adults, with an emphasis on spindle activity and SOs from frontal electroencephalogram (EEG), during a learning night after a declarative learning task, as compared to a baseline night without learning. Twenty-five older adults (M [SD] age = 69.12 [5.53] years; 64% female) completed a two-night study, with a pre- and post-sleep word-pair associates task completed on the second night. SO-spindle coupling strength and a measure of coupling phase distance from the SO up-state were both examined for between-night differences and associations with memory consolidation. Coupling strength and phase distance from the up-state peak were both stable between nights. Change in coupling strength between nights was not associated with memory consolidation, but a shift in coupling phase towards (vs. away from) the up-state peak after learning predicted better memory consolidation. Also, an exploratory interaction model suggested that associations between coupling phase closer to the up-state peak and memory consolidation may be moderated by higher (vs. lower) coupling strength. This study supports a role for NREM CFC in sleep-related memory consolidation in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren M Weiner
- PERFORM Centre and Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Psychology and Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jordan O'Byrne
- PERFORM Centre and Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Psychology and Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathan E Cross
- PERFORM Centre and Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Psychology and Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julia Giraud
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lukia Tarelli
- PERFORM Centre and Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Psychology and Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Victoria Yue
- PERFORM Centre and Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Psychology and Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Léa Homer
- PERFORM Centre and Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Psychology and Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine Walker
- PERFORM Centre and Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Psychology and Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roxanne Carbone
- PERFORM Centre and Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Psychology and Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thien Thanh Dang-Vu
- PERFORM Centre and Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Psychology and Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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8
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Turner KL, Gheres KW, Drew PJ. Relating Pupil Diameter and Blinking to Cortical Activity and Hemodynamics across Arousal States. J Neurosci 2023; 43:949-964. [PMID: 36517240 PMCID: PMC9908322 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1244-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arousal state affects neural activity and vascular dynamics in the cortex, with sleep associated with large changes in the local field potential and increases in cortical blood flow. We investigated the relationship between pupil diameter and blink rate with neural activity and blood volume in the somatosensory cortex in male and female unanesthetized, head-fixed mice. We monitored these variables while the mice were awake, during periods of rapid eye movement (REM), and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Pupil diameter was smaller during sleep than in the awake state. Changes in pupil diameter were coherent with both gamma-band power and blood volume in the somatosensory cortex, but the strength and sign of this relationship varied with arousal state. We observed a strong negative correlation between pupil diameter and both gamma-band power and blood volume during periods of awake rest and NREM sleep, although the correlations between pupil diameter and these signals became positive during periods of alertness, active whisking, and REM. Blinking was associated with increases in arousal and decreases in blood volume when the mouse was asleep. Bilateral coherence in gamma-band power and in blood volume dropped following awake blinking, indicating a reset of neural and vascular activity. Using only eye metrics (pupil diameter and eye motion), we could determine the arousal state of the mouse ('Awake,' 'NREM,' 'REM') with >90% accuracy with a 5 s resolution. There is a strong relationship between pupil diameter and hemodynamics signals in mice, reflecting the pronounced effects of arousal on cerebrovascular dynamics.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Determining arousal state is a critical component of any neuroscience experiment. Pupil diameter and blinking are influenced by arousal state, as are hemodynamics signals in the cortex. We investigated the relationship between cortical hemodynamics and pupil diameter and found that pupil diameter was strongly related to the blood volume in the cortex. Mice were more likely to be awake after blinking than before, and blinking resets neural activity. Pupil diameter and eye motion can be used as a reliable, noninvasive indicator of arousal state. As mice transition from wake to sleep and back again over a timescale of seconds, monitoring pupil diameter and eye motion permits the noninvasive detection of sleep events during behavioral or resting-state experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Turner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Kyle W Gheres
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Departments of Engineering Science and Mechanics
| | - Patrick J Drew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Departments of Engineering Science and Mechanics
- Biology and Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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9
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Teal LB, Ingram SM, Bubser M, McClure E, Jones CK. The Evolving Role of Animal Models in the Discovery and Development of Novel Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 30:37-99. [PMID: 36928846 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21054-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Historically, animal models have been routinely used in the characterization of novel chemical entities (NCEs) for various psychiatric disorders. Animal models have been essential in the in vivo validation of novel drug targets, establishment of lead compound pharmacokinetic to pharmacodynamic relationships, optimization of lead compounds through preclinical candidate selection, and development of translational measures of target occupancy and functional target engagement. Yet, with decades of multiple NCE failures in Phase II and III efficacy trials for different psychiatric disorders, the utility and value of animal models in the drug discovery process have come under intense scrutiny along with the widespread withdrawal of the pharmaceutical industry from psychiatric drug discovery. More recently, the development and utilization of animal models for the discovery of psychiatric NCEs has undergone a dynamic evolution with the application of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework for better design of preclinical to clinical translational studies combined with innovative genetic, neural circuitry-based, and automated testing technologies. In this chapter, the authors will discuss this evolving role of animal models for improving the different stages of the discovery and development in the identification of next generation treatments for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Teal
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shalonda M Ingram
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Bubser
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elliott McClure
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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10
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Mizuseki K, Miyawaki H. Fast network oscillations during non-REM sleep support memory consolidation. Neurosci Res 2022; 189:3-12. [PMID: 36581177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The neocortex is disconnected from the outside world during sleep, which has been hypothesized to be relevant for synaptic reorganization involved in memory consolidation. Fast network oscillations, such as hippocampal sharp-wave ripples, cortical ripples, and amygdalar high-frequency oscillations, are prominent during non-REM sleep. Although these oscillations are thought to be generated by local circuit mechanisms, their occurrence rates and amplitudes are modulated by thalamocortical spindles and neocortical slow oscillations during non-REM sleep, suggesting that fast network oscillations and slower oscillations cooperatively work to facilitate memory consolidation. This review discusses the recent progress in understanding the generation, coordination, and functional roles of fast network oscillations. Further, it outlines how fast network oscillations in distinct brain regions synergistically support memory consolidation and retrieval by hosting cross-regional coactivation of memory-related neuronal ensembles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Mizuseki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Miyawaki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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11
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Alizadeh Z, Azimi A, Ghorbani M. Enhancement of Hippocampal-Thalamocortical Temporal Coordination during Slow-Frequency Long-Duration Anterior Thalamic Spindles. J Neurosci 2022; 42:7222-7243. [PMID: 35970563 PMCID: PMC9512580 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2515-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal nesting of cortical slow oscillations, thalamic spindles, and hippocampal ripples indicates multiregional neuronal interactions required for memory consolidation. However, how the thalamic activity during spindles organizes hippocampal dynamics remains largely undetermined. We analyzed simultaneous recordings of anterodorsal thalamus and CA1 in male mice to determine the contribution of thalamic spindles in cross-regional synchronization. Our results indicated that temporal hippocampo-thalamocortical coupling was more enhanced during slower and longer thalamic spindles. Additionally, spindles occurring closer to slow oscillation trough were more strongly coupled to ripples. We found that the temporal association between CA1 spiking/ripples and thalamic spindles was stronger following spatial exploration compared with baseline sleep. We further developed a hippocampal-thalamocortical model to explain the mechanism underlying the duration and frequency-dependent coupling of thalamic spindles to hippocampal activity. Our findings shed light on our understanding of the functional role of thalamic activity during spindles on multiregional information transfer.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The contribution of thalamic spindles with differential properties to cross-regional synchronization and information transfer still remains poorly understood. Using simultaneous anterodorsal thalamic and hippocampal recordings from naturally sleeping mice before and after exploration, we found strong coupling of CA1 units to anterodorsal thalamic spindles and increase of this coupling following spatial experience. We further showed that the temporal coupling of CA1 units and hippocampal ripples with thalamic spindles and the spindle-associated modulation of CA1 units with ripples were stronger for spindles with slower frequency of oscillations. Our experimental as well as computational findings using a hippocampal-thalamocortical model provide the first demonstration that spindle frequency and duration can provide valuable information about the underlying multiregional interactions essential for memory consolidation computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alizadeh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91779-48974, Iran
| | - Amin Azimi
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghorbani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91779-48974, Iran
- Rayan Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91779-48974, Iran
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12
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Fella E, Papacharalambous R, Kynigopoulos D, Ioannou M, Derua R, Christodoulou C, Stylianou M, Karaiskos C, Kagiava A, Petroula G, Pierides C, Kyriakou M, Koumas L, Costeas P, Panayiotou E. Pharmacological activation of the C5a receptor leads to stimulation of the β-adrenergic receptor and alleviates cognitive impairment in a murine model of familial Alzheimer’s disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947071. [PMID: 36091045 PMCID: PMC9462583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the brain causing either familial or sporadic dementia. We have previously administered the modified C5a receptor agonist (EP67) for a short period to a transgenic mouse model of AD (5XFAD) and have observed not only reduction in β-amyloid deposition and gliosis but also improvement in cognitive impairment. Inquiring, however, on the effects of EP67 in an already heavily burdened animal, thus representing a more realistic scenario, we treated 6-month-old 5XFAD mice for a period of 14 weeks. We recorded a significant decrease in both fibrillar and pre-fibrillar β-amyloid as well as remarkable amelioration of cognitive impairment. Following proteomic analysis and pathway association, we postulate that these events are triggered through the upregulation of β-adrenergic and GABAergic signaling. In summary, our results reveal how inflammatory responses can be employed in inducing tangible phenotype improvements even in advanced stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Fella
- Neuropathology Department, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Demos Kynigopoulos
- Neuropathology Department, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Ioannou
- Neuropathology Department, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Rita Derua
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Myrto Stylianou
- Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christos Karaiskos
- Neuroscience Department, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alexia Kagiava
- Neuroscience Department, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Gerasimou Petroula
- Molecular Haematology-Oncology, The Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chryso Pierides
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Kyriakou
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Laura Koumas
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cellular Pathology-Immunology, The Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paul Costeas
- Molecular Haematology-Oncology, The Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus Cancer Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Elena Panayiotou
- Neuropathology Department, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- *Correspondence: Elena Panayiotou,
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Mediation of Sinusoidal Network Oscillations in the Locus Coeruleus of Newborn Rat Slices by Pharmacologically Distinct AMPA and KA Receptors. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070945. [PMID: 35884751 PMCID: PMC9321180 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain control by locus coeruleus (LC) neurons involves afferent glutamate (Glu) inputs. In newborns, LC Glu receptors and responses may be sparse due to immaturity of the brain circuits providing such input. However, we reported, using newborn rat brain slices, that Glu and its ionotropic receptor (iGluR) agonist NMDA transform spontaneous local field potential (LFP) rhythm. Here, we studied whether α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic-acid (AMPA) and kainate (KA) iGluR subtypes also transform the LFP pattern. AMPA (0.25–0.5 µM) and KA (0.5–2.5 µM) merged ~0.2 s-lasting bell-shaped LFP events occurring at ~1 Hz into ~40% shorter and ~4-fold faster spindle-shaped and more regular sinusoidal oscillations. The AMPA/KA effects were associated with a 3.1/4.3-fold accelerated phase-locked single neuron spiking due to 4.0/4.2 mV depolarization while spike jitter decreased to 64/42% of the control, respectively. Raising extracellular K+ from 3 to 9 mM increased the LFP rate 1.4-fold or elicited slower multipeak events. A blockade of Cl−-mediated inhibition with gabazine (5 μM) plus strychnine (10 μM) affected neither the control rhythm nor AMPA/KA oscillations. GYKI-53655 (25 μM) blocked AMPA (but not KA) oscillations whereas UBP-302 (25 μM) blocked KA (but not AMPA) oscillations. Our findings revealed that AMPA and KA evoke a similar novel neural network discharge pattern transformation type by acting on pharmacologically distinct AMPAR and KA receptors. This shows that already the neonatal LC can generate oscillatory network behaviors that may be important, for example, for responses to opioids.
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Ratner MH, Farb DH. Probing the Neural Circuitry Targets of Neurotoxicants In Vivo Through High Density Silicon Probe Brain Implants. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:836427. [PMID: 35548683 PMCID: PMC9081674 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.836427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse effects of drugs on the human nervous system are rarely possible to anticipate based on preclinical neurotoxicity data, thus propagating the centuries long single most important obstacle to drug discovery and development for disorders of the nervous system. An emerging body of evidence indicates that in vivo electrophysiology using chronically implanted high-density electrodes (ciHDE) in freely moving animals is a rigorous method with enhanced potential for use in translational research. In particular, the structure and function of the hippocampal trisynaptic circuit (HTC) is conserved from rodents to primates, including Homo sapiens, suggesting that the effects of therapeutic agents and other potential neurologically active agents, whether beneficial or adverse, are likely to translate across species when interrogated using a conserved neural circuitry platform. This review explores science advances in the rapidly moving field of in vivo ciHDE in animal models of learning and memory. For this reason we focus on the HTC, where substantial research has investigated neural circuitry level responses and specific behaviors that reflect memory permitting a test of the ground truth validity of the findings. Examples of changes in neural network activity induced by endogenous neurotoxicants associated with neurodegenerative diseases, as well as exogenous therapeutics, drugs, and neurotoxicants are presented. Several illustrative examples of relevant findings that involve longer range neural circuitry outside of the HTC are discussed. Lastly, the limitations of in vivo ciHDE as applied to preclinical neurotoxicology are discussed with a view toward leveraging circuitry level actions to enhance our ability to project the specificity of in vitro target engagement with the desired psychopharmacological or neurological outcome. At the same time, the goal of reducing or eliminating significant neurotoxic adverse events in human is the desired endpoint. We believe that this approach will lead to enhanced discovery of high value neuroactive therapeutics that target neural circuitry domains as their primary mechanism of action, thus enhancing their ultimate contribution toward discovery of precision therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia H. Ratner
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Marcia H. Ratner,
| | - David H. Farb
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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15
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Waselenchuk Q, Ballanyi K. Autocrine Neuromodulation and Network Activity Patterns in the Locus Coeruleus of Newborn Rat Slices. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040437. [PMID: 35447969 PMCID: PMC9024645 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Already in newborns, the locus coeruleus (LC) controls multiple brain functions and may have a complex organization as in adults. Our findings in newborn rat brain slices indicate that LC neurons (i) generate at ~1 Hz a ~0.3 s-lasting local field potential (LFP) comprising summated phase-locked single spike discharge, (ii) express intrinsic ‘pacemaker’ or ‘burster’ properties and (iii) receive solely excitatory or initially excitatory−secondary inhibitory inputs. μ-opioid or ɑ2 noradrenaline receptor agonists block LFP rhythm at 100−250 nM whereas slightly lower doses transform its bell-shaped pattern into slower crescendo-shaped multipeak bursts. GABAA and glycine receptors hyperpolarize LC neurons to abolish rhythm which remains though unaffected by blocking them. Rhythm persists also during ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) inhibition whereas <10 mV depolarization during iGluR agonists accelerates spiking to cause subtype-specific fast (spindle-shaped) LFP oscillations. Similar modest neuronal depolarization causing a cytosolic Ca2+ rise occurs (without effect on neighboring astrocytes) during LFP acceleration by CNQX activating a TARP-AMPA-type iGluR complex. In contrast, noradrenaline lowers neuronal Ca2+ baseline via ɑ2 receptors, but evokes an ɑ1 receptor-mediated ‘concentric’ astrocytic Ca2+ wave. In summary, the neonatal LC has a complex (possibly modular) organization to enable discharge pattern transformations that might facilitate discrete actions on target circuits.
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16
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Kokkinos V, Hussein H, Frauscher B, Simon M, Urban A, Bush A, Bagić AI, Richardson RM. Hippocampal spindles and barques are normal intracranial electroencephalographic entities. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:3002-3009. [PMID: 34715425 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether hippocampal spindles and barques are markers of epileptogenicity. METHODS Focal epilepsy patients that underwent stereo-electroencephalography implantation with at least one electrode in their hippocampus were selected (n = 75). The occurrence of spindles and barques in the hippocampus was evaluated in each patient. We created pairs of pathologic and pathology-free groups according to two sets of criteria: 1. Non-invasive diagnostic criteria (patients grouped according to focal epilepsy classification). 2. Intracranial neurophysiological criteria (patient's hippocampi grouped according to their seizure onset involvement). RESULTS Hippocampal spindles and barques appear equally often in both pathologic and pathology-free groups, both for non-invasive (Pspindles = 0.73; Pbarques = 0.46) and intracranial criteria (Pspindles = 0.08; Pbarques = 0.26). In Engel Class I patients, spindles occurred with similar incidence both within the non-invasive (P = 0.67) and the intracranial criteria group (P = 0.20). Barques were significantly more frequent in extra-temporal lobe epilepsy defined by either non-invasive (P = 0.01) or intracranial (P = 0.01) criteria. CONCLUSIONS Both spindles and barques are normal entities of the hippocampal intracranial electroencephalogram. The presence of barques may also signify lack of epileptogenic properties in the hippocampus. SIGNIFICANCE Understanding that hippocampal spindles and barques do not reflect epileptogenicity is critical for correct interpretation of epilepsy surgery evaluations and appropriate surgical treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Kokkinos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Helweh Hussein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- Analytical Neurophysiology Lab, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mirela Simon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Urban
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alan Bush
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anto I Bagić
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R Mark Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Lam A, Haroutonian C, Grummitt L, Ireland C, Grunstein RR, Duffy S, D'Rozario A, Naismith SL. Sleep-Dependent Memory in Older People With and Without MCI: The Relevance of Sleep Microarchitecture, OSA, Hippocampal Subfields, and Episodic Memory. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2993-3005. [PMID: 33565576 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine if, relative to cognitively healthy controls, sleep-dependent memory consolidation (SDMC) is diminished in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a group at high risk of conversion to dementia. We also sought to determine whether SDMC is associated with sleep characteristics, daytime episodic memory, and hippocampal integrity. Participants with MCI (n = 43) and controls (n = 20) underwent clinical and neuropsychological profiling. From polysomnography, apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and non-REM sleep spindle characteristics were derived. From magnetic resonance imaging, hippocampal subfield volumes were computed. Participants learned a novel 32-item word-pair prior to sleep; morning retention of the word-pairs was used to determine SDMC. Results showed that SDMC did not differ between MCI and controls, but there was a large effect size decrement in SDMC in those with multiple domain MCI (Hedge's g = 0.85). In MCI, poorer SDMC was correlated with CA1 and CA3 hippocampal atrophy, shorter spindle duration, and worse daytime episodic memory. In controls, poorer SDMC was associated with higher AHI. Impaired daytime memory consolidation, reduced hippocampal volumes, shorter sleep spindles, and greater sleep apnea severity are indicators of diminished SDMC in older adults and should be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lam
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.,Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia.,CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia
| | - Carla Haroutonian
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.,Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia.,CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia
| | - Lucy Grummitt
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.,CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia
| | - Catriona Ireland
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - Ronald R Grunstein
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.,Centre of Research Excellence to Optimise Sleep in Brain Ageing and Neurodegeneration (CogSleep CRE), Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia
| | - Shantel Duffy
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia.,CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia
| | - Angela D'Rozario
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.,Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia.,CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.,Centre of Research Excellence to Optimise Sleep in Brain Ageing and Neurodegeneration (CogSleep CRE), Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia
| | - Sharon L Naismith
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.,Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia.,Centre of Research Excellence to Optimise Sleep in Brain Ageing and Neurodegeneration (CogSleep CRE), Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia
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18
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Swift KM, Keus K, Echeverria CG, Cabrera Y, Jimenez J, Holloway J, Clawson BC, Poe GR. Sex differences within sleep in gonadally intact rats. Sleep 2021; 43:5648150. [PMID: 31784755 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep impacts diverse physiological and neural processes and is itself affected by the menstrual cycle; however, few studies have examined the effects of the estrous cycle on sleep in rodents. Studies of disease mechanisms in females therefore lack critical information regarding estrous cycle influences on relevant sleep characteristics. We recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) activity from multiple brain regions to assess sleep states as well as sleep traits such as spectral power and interregional spectral coherence in freely cycling females across the estrous cycle and compared with males. Our findings show that the high hormone phase of proestrus decreases the amount of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and increases the amount of time spent awake compared with other estrous phases and to males. This spontaneous sleep deprivation of proestrus was followed by a sleep rebound in estrus which increased NREM and REM sleep. In proestrus, spectral power increased in the delta (0.5-4 Hz) and the gamma (30-60 Hz) ranges during NREM sleep, and increased in the theta range (5-9 Hz) during REM sleep during both proestrus and estrus. Slow-wave activity (SWA) and cortical sleep spindle density also increased in NREM sleep during proestrus. Finally, interregional NREM and REM spectral coherence increased during proestrus. This work demonstrates that the estrous cycle affects more facets of sleep than previously thought and reveals both sex differences in features of the sleep-wake cycle related to estrous phase that likely impact the myriad physiological processes influenced by sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Swift
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Karina Keus
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Yesenia Cabrera
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Janelly Jimenez
- Psychology Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jasmine Holloway
- Psychology Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brittany C Clawson
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Gina R Poe
- Integrative Biology and Physiology Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Psychiatry Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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19
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Turner KL, Gheres KW, Proctor EA, Drew PJ. Neurovascular coupling and bilateral connectivity during NREM and REM sleep. eLife 2020; 9:62071. [PMID: 33118932 PMCID: PMC7758068 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand how arousal state impacts cerebral hemodynamics and neurovascular coupling, we monitored neural activity, behavior, and hemodynamic signals in un-anesthetized, head-fixed mice. Mice frequently fell asleep during imaging, and these sleep events were interspersed with periods of wake. During both NREM and REM sleep, mice showed large increases in cerebral blood volume ([HbT]) and arteriole diameter relative to the awake state, two to five times larger than those evoked by sensory stimulation. During NREM, the amplitude of bilateral low-frequency oscillations in [HbT] increased markedly, and coherency between neural activity and hemodynamic signals was higher than the awake resting and REM states. Bilateral correlations in neural activity and [HbT] were highest during NREM, and lowest in the awake state. Hemodynamic signals in the cortex are strongly modulated by arousal state, and changes during sleep are substantially larger than sensory-evoked responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Turner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States.,Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States
| | - Kyle W Gheres
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States.,Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Proctor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States.,Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States.,Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, United States
| | - Patrick J Drew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States.,Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States.,Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, United States
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20
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Peyrache A, Seibt J. A mechanism for learning with sleep spindles. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190230. [PMID: 32248788 PMCID: PMC7209910 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindles are ubiquitous oscillations during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. A growing body of evidence points to a possible link with learning and memory, and the underlying mechanisms are now starting to be unveiled. Specifically, spindles are associated with increased dendritic activity and high intracellular calcium levels, a situation favourable to plasticity, as well as with control of spiking output by feed-forward inhibition. During spindles, thalamocortical networks become unresponsive to inputs, thus potentially preventing interference between memory-related internal information processing and extrinsic signals. At the system level, spindles are co-modulated with other major NREM oscillations, including hippocampal sharp wave-ripples (SWRs) and neocortical slow waves, both previously shown to be associated with learning and memory. The sequential occurrence of reactivation at the time of SWRs followed by neuronal plasticity-promoting spindles is a possible mechanism to explain NREM sleep-dependent consolidation of memories. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Memory reactivation: replaying events past, present and future'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Peyrache
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 1A1
| | - Julie Seibt
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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21
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Abstract
Sleep spindles are burstlike signals in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the sleeping mammalian brain and electrical surface correlates of neuronal oscillations in thalamus. As one of the most inheritable sleep EEG signatures, sleep spindles probably reflect the strength and malleability of thalamocortical circuits that underlie individual cognitive profiles. We review the characteristics, organization, regulation, and origins of sleep spindles and their implication in non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) and its functions, focusing on human and rodent. Spatially, sleep spindle-related neuronal activity appears on scales ranging from small thalamic circuits to functional cortical areas, and generates a cortical state favoring intracortical plasticity while limiting cortical output. Temporally, sleep spindles are discrete events, part of a continuous power band, and elements grouped on an infraslow time scale over which NREMS alternates between continuity and fragility. We synthesize diverse and seemingly unlinked functions of sleep spindles for sleep architecture, sensory processing, synaptic plasticity, memory formation, and cognitive abilities into a unifying sleep spindle concept, according to which sleep spindles 1) generate neural conditions of large-scale functional connectivity and plasticity that outlast their appearance as discrete EEG events, 2) appear preferentially in thalamic circuits engaged in learning and attention-based experience during wakefulness, and 3) enable a selective reactivation and routing of wake-instated neuronal traces between brain areas such as hippocampus and cortex. Their fine spatiotemporal organization reflects NREMS as a physiological state coordinated over brain and body and may indicate, if not anticipate and ultimately differentiate, pathologies in sleep and neurodevelopmental, -degenerative, and -psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M J Fernandez
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anita Lüthi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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The up and down of sleep: From molecules to electrophysiology. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 160:3-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Ciric J, Kapor S, Perovic M, Saponjic J. Alterations of Sleep and Sleep Oscillations in the Hemiparkinsonian Rat. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:148. [PMID: 30872994 PMCID: PMC6401659 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies in the rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) cholinopathy demonstrated the sleep-related alterations in electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations at the cortical and hippocampal levels, cortical drives, and sleep spindles (SSs) as the earliest functional biomarkers preceding hypokinesia. Our aim in this study was to follow the impact of a unilateral substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) lesion in rat on the cortical and hippocampal sleep architectures and their EEG microstructures, as well as the cortico-hippocampal synchronizations of EEG oscillations, and the SS and high voltage sleep spindle (HVS) dynamics during NREM and REM sleep. We performed unilateral SNpc lesions using two different concentrations/volumes of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 12 μg/1 μl or 12 μg/2 μl). Whereas the unilateral dopaminergic neuronal loss >50% throughout the overall SNpc rostro-caudal dimension prolonged the Wake state, with no change in the NREM or REM duration, there was a long-lasting theta amplitude augmentation across all sleep states in the motor cortex (MCx), but also in the CA1 hippocampus (Hipp) during both Wake and REM sleep. We demonstrate that SS are the hallmarks of NREM sleep, but that they also occur during REM sleep in the MCx and Hipp of the control rats. Whereas SS are always longer in REM vs. NREM sleep in both structures, they are consistently slower in the Hipp. The dopaminergic neuronal loss increased the density of SS in both structures and shortened them in the MCx during NREM sleep, without changing the intrinsic frequency. Conversely, HVS are the hallmarks of REM sleep in the control rats, slower in the Hipp vs. MCx, and the dopaminergic neuronal loss increased their density in the MCx, but shortened them more consistently in the Hipp during REM sleep. In addition, there was an altered synchronization of the EEG oscillations between the MCx and Hipp in different sleep states, particularly the theta and sigma coherences during REM sleep. We provide novel evidence for the importance of the SNpc dopaminergic innervation in sleep regulation, theta rhythm generation, and SS/HVS dynamics control. We suggest the importance of the underlying REM sleep regulatory substrate to HVS generation and duration and to the cortico-hippocampal synchronizations of EEG oscillations in hemiparkinsonian rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Ciric
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Kapor
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milka Perovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna Saponjic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Harper B, Fellous JM. Ground truth construction and parameter tuning for the detection of sleep spindle timing in rodents. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 313:13-23. [PMID: 30529457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise detection of cortical sleep spindles is critical to basic research on memory consolidation in rodents. Previous research using automatic spindle detection algorithms often lacks systematic parameter variations and validations. NEW METHOD We present a method to systematically tune and validate algorithm parameters in automatic spindle detection algorithms using a moderate number of human raters. RESULTS Comparing a Hilbert transform-based algorithm to a ground truth constructed by six human raters, this method produced a parameter set yielding an F1 score of 0.82 at 10 ms resolution. The algorithm performance fell within the range of human agreement with the ground truth. Both human and algorithm failures arose largely from disagreement in spindle boundaries rather than spindle occurrence. With no additional tuning, the algorithm performed similarly in recordings from different days or rats. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Most spindle detection algorithms do not perform systematic parameter variations and validation using a ground truth. To our knowledge, our study is the first in which rodent spindle data is scored by humans, and in which an automatic spindle detection algorithm is evaluated with respect to this ground truth. The rodent data from this study make it possible to compare our algorithm with others previously tested on human data. CONCLUSIONS We present a general ground truth based approach for the tuning and validation of spindle extraction algorithms and suggest that algorithms aimed at extracting precise spindle timing in rats should use a systematic approach for parameter tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine Harper
- Psychology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jean-Marc Fellous
- Psychology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Program in Applied Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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Todorova R, Zugaro M. Hippocampal ripples as a mode of communication with cortical and subcortical areas. Hippocampus 2018; 30:39-49. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralitsa Todorova
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de FranceCNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University Paris France
| | - Michaël Zugaro
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de FranceCNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University Paris France
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Kilias A, Canales A, Froriep UP, Park S, Egert U, Anikeeva P. Optogenetic entrainment of neural oscillations with hybrid fiber probes. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:056006. [PMID: 29923505 PMCID: PMC6125198 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aacdb9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Optogenetic modulation of neural activity is a ubiquitous tool for basic investigation of brain circuits. While the majority of optogenetic paradigms rely on short light pulses to evoke synchronized activity of optically sensitized cells, many neurobiological processes are associated with slow local field potential (LFP) oscillations. Therefore, we developed a hybrid fiber probe capable of simultaneous electrophysiological recording and optical stimulation and used it to investigate the utility of sinusoidal light stimulation for evoking oscillatory neural activity in vivo across a broad frequency range. APPROACH We fabricated hybrid fiber probes comprising a hollow cylindrical array of 9 electrodes and a flexible optical waveguide integrated within the core. We implanted these probes in the hippocampus of transgenic Thy1-ChR2-YFP mice that broadly express the blue-light sensitive cation channel channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2) in excitatory neurons across the brain. The effects of the sinusoidal light stimulation were characterized and contrasted with those corresponding to pulsed stimulation in the frequency range of physiological LFP rhythms (3-128 Hz). MAIN RESULTS Within hybrid probes, metal electrode surfaces were vertically aligned with the waveguide tip, which minimized optical stimulation artifacts in neurophysiological recordings. Sinusoidal stimulation resulted in reliable and coherent entrainment of LFP oscillations up to 70 Hz, the cutoff frequency of ChR2, with response amplitudes inversely scaling with the stimulation frequencies. Effectiveness of the stimulation was maintained for two months following implantation. SIGNIFICANCE Alternative stimulation patterns complementing existing pulsed protocols, in particular sinusoidal light stimulation, are a prerequisite for investigating the physiological mechanisms underlying brain rhythms. So far, studies applying sinusoidal stimulation in vivo were limited to single stimulation frequencies. We show the feasibility of sinusoidal stimulation in vivo to induce coherent LFP oscillations across the entire frequency spectrum supported by the gating dynamics of ChR2 and introduce a hybrid fiber probe tailored to continuous light stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Kilias
- Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Biomicrotechnology, Institute for Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andres Canales
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ulrich P. Froriep
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Simons Center for the Social Brain, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Seongjun Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ulrich Egert
- Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Biomicrotechnology, Institute for Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Lazic K, Ciric J, Saponjic J. Sleep spindle dynamics during NREM and REM sleep following distinct general anaesthesia in control rats and in a rat model of Parkinson's disease cholinopathy. J Sleep Res 2018; 28:e12758. [PMID: 30136327 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of our previous studies and the important role of the thalamo-cortical network in states of unconsciousness, such as anaesthesia and sleep, and in sleep spindles generation, we investigated sleep spindles (SS) and high-voltage sleep spindle (HVS) dynamics during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep following different types of general anaesthesia in both physiological controls and in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) cholinopathy, to follow the impact of anaesthesia on post-anaesthesia sleep at the thalamo-cortical level through an altered sleep spindle dynamics. We recorded 6 hr of spontaneous sleep in all rats, both before and 48 hr after ketamine/diazepam or pentobarbital anaesthesia, and we used 1 hr of NREM or REM sleep from each to validate visually the automatically detected SS or HVS for their extraction and analysis. In the controls, SS occurred mainly during NREM, whereas HVS occurred only during REM sleep. Ketamine/diazepam anaesthesia promoted HVS, prolonged SS during NREM, induced HVS of increased frequency during REM, and increased SS/HVS densities during REM versus NREM sleep. Pentobarbital anaesthesia decreased the frequency of SS during NREM and the HVS density during REM sleep. Although the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus lesion prolonged SS only during NREM sleep, in these rats, ketamine/diazepam anaesthesia suppressed HVS during both sleep states, whereas pentobarbital anaesthesia promoted HVS during REM sleep. The different impacts of two anaesthetic regimens on the thalamo-cortical regulatory network are expressed through their distinct sleep spindle generation and dynamics that are dependent on the NREM and REM state regulatory neuronal substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Lazic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research - Sinisa Stankovic, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Ciric
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research - Sinisa Stankovic, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna Saponjic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research - Sinisa Stankovic, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Abstract
Study Objectives: To better understand the distinct activity patterns of the brain during sleep, we observed and investigated periods of diminished oscillatory and population spiking activity lasting for seconds during non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep, which we call “LOW” activity sleep. Methods: We analyzed spiking and local field potential (LFP) activity of hippocampal CA1 region alongside neocortical electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) in 19 sessions from four male Long-Evans rats (260–360 g) during natural wake/sleep across the 24-hr cycle as well as data from other brain regions obtained from http://crcns.org.1,2 Results: LOW states lasted longer than OFF/DOWN states and were distinguished by a subset of “LOW-active” cells. LOW activity sleep was preceded and followed by increased sharp-wave ripple activity. We also observed decreased slow-wave activity and sleep spindles in the hippocampal LFP and neocortical EEG upon LOW onset, with a partial rebound immediately after LOW. LOW states demonstrated activity patterns consistent with sleep but frequently transitioned into microarousals and showed EMG and LFP differences from small-amplitude irregular activity during quiet waking. Their likelihood decreased within individual non-REM epochs yet increased over the course of sleep. By analyzing data from the entorhinal cortex of rats,1 as well as the hippocampus, the medial prefrontal cortex, the postsubiculum, and the anterior thalamus of mice,2 obtained from http://crcns.org, we confirmed that LOW states corresponded to markedly diminished activity simultaneously in all of these regions. Conclusions: We propose that LOW states are an important microstate within non-REM sleep that provide respite from high-activity sleep and may serve a restorative function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Miyawaki
- Department of Psychology, Box 413, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI.,Current address: Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yazan N Billeh
- Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
| | - Kamran Diba
- Department of Psychology, Box 413, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI
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Ciric J, Lazic K, Kapor S, Perovic M, Petrovic J, Pesic V, Kanazir S, Saponjic J. Sleep disorder and altered locomotor activity as biomarkers of the Parkinson’s disease cholinopathy in rat. Behav Brain Res 2018; 339:79-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Weber F. Modeling the mammalian sleep cycle. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 46:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Fernandez LMJ, Lecci S, Cardis R, Vantomme G, Béard E, Lüthi A. Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28809834 DOI: 10.3791/55863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Three vigilance states dominate mammalian life: wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep, and REM sleep. As more neural correlates of behavior are identified in freely moving animals, this three-fold subdivision becomes too simplistic. During wakefulness, ensembles of global and local cortical activities, together with peripheral parameters such as pupillary diameter and sympathovagal balance, define various degrees of arousal. It remains unclear the extent to which sleep also forms a continuum of brain states-within which the degree of resilience to sensory stimuli and arousability, and perhaps other sleep functions, vary gradually-and how peripheral physiological states co-vary. Research advancing the methods to monitor multiple parameters during sleep, as well as attributing to constellations of these functional attributes, is central to refining our understanding of sleep as a multifunctional process during which many beneficial effects must be executed. Identifying novel parameters characterizing sleep states will open opportunities for novel diagnostic avenues in sleep disorders. We present a procedure to describe dynamic variations of mouse non-REM sleep states via the combined monitoring and analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG)/electrocorticogram (ECoG), electromyogram (EMG), and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals using standard polysomnographic recording techniques. Using this approach, we found that mouse non-REM sleep is organized into cycles of coordinated neural and cardiac oscillations that generate successive 25-s intervals of high and low fragility to external stimuli. Therefore, central and autonomic nervous systems are coordinated to form behaviorally distinct sleep states during consolidated non-REM sleep. We present surgical manipulations for polysomnographic (i.e., EEG/EMG combined with ECG) monitoring to track these cycles in the freely sleeping mouse, the analysis to quantify their dynamics, and the acoustic stimulation protocols to assess their role in the likelihood of waking up. Our approach has already been extended to human sleep and promises to unravel common organizing principles of non-REM sleep states in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandro Lecci
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne
| | - Romain Cardis
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne
| | - Gil Vantomme
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne
| | - Elidie Béard
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne
| | - Anita Lüthi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne;
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Thalamic Spindles Promote Memory Formation during Sleep through Triple Phase-Locking of Cortical, Thalamic, and Hippocampal Rhythms. Neuron 2017; 95:424-435.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Drinkenburg WHIM, Ahnaou A, Ruigt GSF. Pharmaco-EEG Studies in Animals: A History-Based Introduction to Contemporary Translational Applications. Neuropsychobiology 2016; 72:139-50. [PMID: 26901675 DOI: 10.1159/000443175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Current research on the effects of pharmacological agents on human neurophysiology finds its roots in animal research, which is also reflected in contemporary animal pharmaco-electroencephalography (p-EEG) applications. The contributions, present value and translational appreciation of animal p-EEG-based applications are strongly interlinked with progress in recording and neuroscience analysis methodology. After the pioneering years in the late 19th and early 20th century, animal p-EEG research flourished in the pharmaceutical industry in the early 1980s. However, around the turn of the millennium the emergence of structurally and functionally revealing imaging techniques and the increasing application of molecular biology caused a temporary reduction in the use of EEG as a window into the brain for the prediction of drug efficacy. Today, animal p-EEG is applied again for its biomarker potential - extensive databases of p-EEG and polysomnography studies in rats and mice hold EEG signatures of a broad collection of psychoactive reference and test compounds. A multitude of functional EEG measures has been investigated, ranging from simple spectral power and sleep-wake parameters to advanced neuronal connectivity and plasticity parameters. Compared to clinical p-EEG studies, where the level of vigilance can be well controlled, changes in sleep-waking behaviour are generally a prominent confounding variable in animal p-EEG studies and need to be dealt with. Contributions of rodent pharmaco-sleep EEG research are outlined to illustrate the value and limitations of such preclinical p-EEG data for pharmacodynamic and chronopharmacological drug profiling. Contemporary applications of p-EEG and pharmaco-sleep EEG recordings in animals provide a common and relatively inexpensive window into the functional brain early in the preclinical and clinical development of psychoactive drugs in comparison to other brain imaging techniques. They provide information on the impact of drugs on arousal and sleep architecture, assessing their neuropharmacological characteristics in vivo, including central exposure and information on kinetics. In view of the clear disadvantages as well as advantages of animal p-EEG as compared to clinical p-EEG, general statements about the usefulness of EEG as a biomarker to demonstrate the translatability of p-EEG effects should be made with caution, however, because they depend on the particular EEG or sleep parameter that is being studied. The contribution of animal p-EEG studies to the translational characterisation of centrally active drugs can be furthered by adherence to guidelines for methodological standardisation, which are presently under construction by the International Pharmaco-EEG Society (IPEG).
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Talpalar TI, Talpalar AE. High Pressure and [Ca 2+ ] Produce an Inverse Modulation of Synaptic Input Strength and Network Excitability in the Rat Dentate Gyrus. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:211. [PMID: 27729848 PMCID: PMC5038017 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric environments induce the high pressure neurological syndrome (HPNS) characterized by hyperexcitability of the central nervous system (CNS) and memory impairment. Human divers and other animals experience the HPNS at pressures beyond 1.1 MPa. High pressure depresses synaptic transmission and alters its dynamics in various animal models. Medial perforant path (MPP) synapses connecting the medial entorhinal cortex with the hippocampal formation are suppressed by 50% at 10.1MPa. Reduction of synaptic inputs is paradoxically associated with enhanced ability of dentate gyrus (DG)’ granule cells (GCs) to generate spikes at high pressure. This mechanism allows MPP inputs to elicit standard GC outputs at 0.1–25 Hz frequencies under hyperbaric conditions. An increased postsynaptic gain of MPP inputs probably allows diving animals to perform in hyperbaric environments, but makes them vulnerable to high intensity/frequency stimuli producing hyperexcitability. Increasing extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]o) partially reverted pressure-mediated depression of MPP inputs and increased MPP’s low-pass filter properties. We postulated that raising [Ca2+]o in addition to increase synaptic inputs may reduce network excitability in the DG potentially improving its function and reducing sensitivity to high intensity and pathologic stimuli. For this matter, we activated the MPP with single and 50 Hz frequency stimuli that simulated physiologic and deleterious conditions, while assessing the GC’s output under various conditions of pressure and [Ca2+]o. Our results reveal that the pressure and [Ca2+]o produce an inverse modulation on synaptic input strength and network excitability. These coincident phenomena suggest a potential general mechanism of networks that adjusts gain as an inverse function of synaptic inputs’ strength. Such mechanism may serve for adaptation to variable pressure and other physiological and pathological conditions and may explain the increased sensitivity to strong sensory stimulation suffered by human deep-divers and cetaceans under hyperbaric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I Talpalar
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adolfo E Talpalar
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva, Israel
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Sleep Spindles as an Electrographic Element: Description and Automatic Detection Methods. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:6783812. [PMID: 27478649 PMCID: PMC4958487 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6783812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindle is a peculiar oscillatory brain pattern which has been associated with a number of sleep (isolation from exteroceptive stimuli, memory consolidation) and individual characteristics (intellectual quotient). Oddly enough, the definition of a spindle is both incomplete and restrictive. In consequence, there is no consensus about how to detect spindles. Visual scoring is cumbersome and user dependent. To analyze spindle activity in a more robust way, automatic sleep spindle detection methods are essential. Various algorithms were developed, depending on individual research interest, which hampers direct comparisons and meta-analyses. In this review, sleep spindle is first defined physically and topographically. From this general description, we tentatively extract the main characteristics to be detected and analyzed. A nonexhaustive list of automatic spindle detection methods is provided along with a description of their main processing principles. Finally, we propose a technique to assess the detection methods in a robust and comparable way.
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Korte M, Schmitz D. Cellular and System Biology of Memory: Timing, Molecules, and Beyond. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:647-93. [PMID: 26960344 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00010.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The storage of information in the mammalian nervous systems is dependent on a delicate balance between change and stability of neuronal networks. The induction and maintenance of processes that lead to changes in synaptic strength to a multistep process which can lead to long-lasting changes, which starts and ends with a highly choreographed and perfectly timed dance of molecules in different cell types of the central nervous system. This is accompanied by synchronization of specific networks, resulting in the generation of characteristic "macroscopic" rhythmic electrical fields, whose characteristic frequencies correspond to certain activity and information-processing states of the brain. Molecular events and macroscopic fields influence each other reciprocally. We review here cellular processes of synaptic plasticity, particularly functional and structural changes, and focus on timing events that are important for the initial memory acquisition, as well as mechanisms of short- and long-term memory storage. Then, we cover the importance of epigenetic events on the long-time range. Furthermore, we consider how brain rhythms at the network level participate in processes of information storage and by what means they participating in it. Finally, we examine memory consolidation at the system level during processes of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Korte
- Zoological Institute, Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Braunschweig, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, AG NIND, Braunschweig, Germany; and Neuroscience Research Centre, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- Zoological Institute, Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Braunschweig, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, AG NIND, Braunschweig, Germany; and Neuroscience Research Centre, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Hengen KB, Torrado Pacheco A, McGregor JN, Van Hooser SD, Turrigiano GG. Neuronal Firing Rate Homeostasis Is Inhibited by Sleep and Promoted by Wake. Cell 2016; 165:180-191. [PMID: 26997481 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Homeostatic mechanisms stabilize neural circuit function by keeping firing rates within a set-point range, but whether this process is gated by brain state is unknown. Here, we monitored firing rate homeostasis in individual visual cortical neurons in freely behaving rats as they cycled between sleep and wake states. When neuronal firing rates were perturbed by visual deprivation, they gradually returned to a precise, cell-autonomous set point during periods of active wake, with lengthening of the wake period enhancing firing rate rebound. Unexpectedly, this resetting of neuronal firing was suppressed during sleep. This raises the possibility that memory consolidation or other sleep-dependent processes are vulnerable to interference from homeostatic plasticity mechanisms. PAPERCLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith B Hengen
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | | | - James N McGregor
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
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Miyawaki H, Diba K. Regulation of Hippocampal Firing by Network Oscillations during Sleep. Curr Biol 2016; 26:893-902. [PMID: 26972321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that waking leads to higher-firing neurons, with increased energy expenditure, and that sleep serves to return activity to baseline levels. Oscillatory activity patterns during different stages of sleep may play specific roles in this process, but consensus has been missing. To evaluate these phenomena in the hippocampus, we recorded from region CA1 neurons in rats across the 24-hr cycle, and we found that their firing increased upon waking and decreased 11% per hour across sleep. Waking and sleeping also affected lower- and higher-firing neurons differently. Interestingly, the incidences of sleep spindles and sharp-wave ripples (SWRs), typically associated with cortical plasticity, were predictive of ensuing firing changes and were more robustly predictive than other oscillatory events. Spindles and SWRs were initiated during non-REM sleep, yet the changes were incorporated in the network over the following REM sleep epoch. These findings indicate an important role for spindles and SWRs and provide novel evidence of a symbiotic relationship between non-REM and REM stages of sleep in the homeostatic regulation of neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Miyawaki
- Department of Psychology, Box 413, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Kamran Diba
- Department of Psychology, Box 413, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.
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39
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Greenberg A, Whitten TA, Dickson CT. Stimulating forebrain communications: Slow sinusoidal electric fields over frontal cortices dynamically modulate hippocampal activity and cortico-hippocampal interplay during slow-wave states. Neuroimage 2016; 133:189-206. [PMID: 26947518 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow-wave states are characterized by the most global physiological phenomenon in the mammalian brain, the large-amplitude slow oscillation (SO; ~1Hz) composed of alternating states of activity (ON/UP states) and silence (OFF/DOWN states) at the network and single cell levels. The SO is cortically generated and appears as a traveling wave that can propagate across the cortical surface and can invade the hippocampus. This cortical rhythm is thought to be imperative for sleep-dependent memory consolidation, potentially through increased interactions with the hippocampus. The SO is correlated with learning and its presumed enhancement via slow rhythmic electrical field stimulation improves subsequent mnemonic performance. However, the mechanism by which such field stimulation influences the dynamics of ongoing cortico-hippocampal communication is unknown. Here we show - using multi-site recordings in urethane-anesthetized rats - that sinusoidal electrical field stimulation applied to the frontal region of the cerebral cortex creates a platform for improved cortico-hippocampal communication. Moderate-intensity field stimulation entrained hippocampal slow activity (likely by way of the temporoammonic pathway) and also increased sharp-wave ripples, the signature memory replay events of the hippocampus, and further increased cortical spindles. Following cessation of high-intensity stimulation, SO interactions in the cortical-to-hippocampal direction were reduced, while the reversed hippocampal-to-cortical communication at both SO and gamma bandwidths was enhanced. Taken together, these findings suggest that cortical field stimulation may function to boost memory consolidation by strengthening cortico-hippocampal and hippocampo-cortical interplay at multiple nested frequencies in an intensity-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Greenberg
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Tara A Whitten
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Clayton T Dickson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Frauscher B, Bernasconi N, Caldairou B, von Ellenrieder N, Bernasconi A, Gotman J, Dubeau F. Interictal Hippocampal Spiking Influences the Occurrence of Hippocampal Sleep Spindles. Sleep 2015; 38:1927-33. [PMID: 26194569 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The significance of hippocampal sleep spindles and their relation to epileptic activity is still a matter of controversy. Hippocampal spindles have been considered a physiological phenomenon, an evoked response to afferent epileptic discharges, or even the expression of an epileptic manifestation. To address this question, we investigated the presence and rate of hippocampal spindles in focal pharmacoresistant epilepsy patients undergoing scalp-intracerebral electroencephalography (EEG). DESIGN Sleep recording with scalp-intracerebral EEG. SETTING Tertiary referral epilepsy center. PATIENTS Twenty-five epilepsy patients (extratemporal: n = 6, temporal: n = 15, and multifocal including the temporal lobe: n = 4). INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS We analyzed associations between hippocampal spindles and hippocampal electrophysiological findings (interictal spiking, seizure onset zone) and magnetic resonance imaging volumetry. Sixteen of 25 patients (64%) had hippocampal spindles (extratemporal epilepsy: 6/6; temporal epilepsy: 10/15; and multifocal epilepsy: 0/4; P = 0.005). Median spindle rate was 0.6 (range, 0.1-8.6)/min in nonrapid eye movement sleep. Highest spindle rates were found in hippocampi of patients with extratemporal epilepsy (P < 0.001). A negative association was found between hippocampal spiking activity and spindle rate (P = 0.003). We found no association between the presence (n = 21) or absence (n = 17) of hippocampal seizure onset zone and hippocampal spindle rate (P = 0.114), and between a normal (n = 30) or atrophic (n = 8) hippocampus and hippocampal spindle rate (P = 0.195). CONCLUSIONS Hippocampal spindles represent a physiological phenomenon, with an expression that is diminished in epilepsy affecting the temporal lobe. Hippocampal spiking lowered the rate of hippocampal spindles, suggesting that epileptic discharges may at least in part be a transformation of these physiological events, similar to the hypothesis considering generalized spike-and-waves a transformation of frontal spindles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Frauscher
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Neda Bernasconi
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoit Caldairou
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Andrea Bernasconi
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean Gotman
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Dubeau
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Staresina BP, Bergmann TO, Bonnefond M, van der Meij R, Jensen O, Deuker L, Elger CE, Axmacher N, Fell J. Hierarchical nesting of slow oscillations, spindles and ripples in the human hippocampus during sleep. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:1679-1686. [PMID: 26389842 PMCID: PMC4625581 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During systems-level consolidation, mnemonic representations initially reliant on the hippocampus are thought to migrate to neocortical sites for more permanent storage, with an eminent role of sleep for facilitating this information transfer. Mechanistically, consolidation processes have been hypothesized to rely on systematic interactions between the three cardinal neuronal oscillations characterizing non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Under global control of de- and hyperpolarizing slow oscillations (SOs), sleep spindles may cluster hippocampal ripples for a precisely timed transfer of local information to the neocortex. We used direct intracranial electroencephalogram recordings from human epilepsy patients during natural sleep to test the assumption that SOs, spindles and ripples are functionally coupled in the hippocampus. Employing cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling analyses, we found that spindles were modulated by the up-state of SOs. Notably, spindles were found to in turn cluster ripples in their troughs, providing fine-tuned temporal frames for the hypothesized transfer of hippocampal memory traces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard P Staresina
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Til Ole Bergmann
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, NL
- Institute of Psychology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mathilde Bonnefond
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, NL
| | - Roemer van der Meij
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, NL
| | - Ole Jensen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, NL
| | - Lorena Deuker
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, NL
| | | | - Nikolai Axmacher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Juergen Fell
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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42
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Buzsáki G. Hippocampal sharp wave-ripple: A cognitive biomarker for episodic memory and planning. Hippocampus 2015; 25:1073-188. [PMID: 26135716 PMCID: PMC4648295 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 932] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sharp wave ripples (SPW-Rs) represent the most synchronous population pattern in the mammalian brain. Their excitatory output affects a wide area of the cortex and several subcortical nuclei. SPW-Rs occur during "off-line" states of the brain, associated with consummatory behaviors and non-REM sleep, and are influenced by numerous neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. They arise from the excitatory recurrent system of the CA3 region and the SPW-induced excitation brings about a fast network oscillation (ripple) in CA1. The spike content of SPW-Rs is temporally and spatially coordinated by a consortium of interneurons to replay fragments of waking neuronal sequences in a compressed format. SPW-Rs assist in transferring this compressed hippocampal representation to distributed circuits to support memory consolidation; selective disruption of SPW-Rs interferes with memory. Recently acquired and pre-existing information are combined during SPW-R replay to influence decisions, plan actions and, potentially, allow for creative thoughts. In addition to the widely studied contribution to memory, SPW-Rs may also affect endocrine function via activation of hypothalamic circuits. Alteration of the physiological mechanisms supporting SPW-Rs leads to their pathological conversion, "p-ripples," which are a marker of epileptogenic tissue and can be observed in rodent models of schizophrenia and Alzheimer's Disease. Mechanisms for SPW-R genesis and function are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Buzsáki
- The Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York
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43
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Hayakawa H, Samura T, Kamijo TC, Sakai Y, Aihara T. Spatial information enhanced by non-spatial information in hippocampal granule cells. Cogn Neurodyn 2014; 9:1-12. [PMID: 26052358 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-014-9309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus organizes sequential memory composed of non-spatial information (such as objects and odors) and spatial information (places). The dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus receives two types of information from the lateral and medial entorhinal cortices. Non-spatial and spatial information is delivered respectively to distal and medial dendrites (MDs) of granule cells (GCs) within the molecular layer in the DG. To investigate the role of the association of those two inputs, we measured the response characteristics of distal and MDs of a GC in a rat hippocampal slice and developed a multi-compartment GC model with dynamic synapses; this model reproduces the response characteristics of the dendrites. Upon applying random inputs or input sequences generated by a Markov process to the computational model, it was found that a high-frequency random pulse input to distal dendrites (DDs) and, separately, regular burst inputs to MDs were effective for inducing GC activation. Furthermore, when the random and theta burst inputs were simultaneously applied to the respective dendrites, the pattern discrimination for theta burst input to MDs that caused slight GC activation was enhanced in the presence of random input to DDs. These results suggest that the temporal pattern discrimination of spatial information is originally involved in a synaptic characteristic in GCs and is enhanced by non-spatial information input to DDs. Consequently, the co-activation of two separate inputs may play a crucial role in the information processing on dendrites of GCs by usefully combing each temporal sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Brain Sciences, Tamagawa University, 6-1-1 Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Samura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Sakai
- Graduate School of Brain Sciences, Tamagawa University, 6-1-1 Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610 Japan
| | - Takeshi Aihara
- Graduate School of Brain Sciences, Tamagawa University, 6-1-1 Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610 Japan
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44
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Haggerty DC, Ji D. Initiation of sleep-dependent cortical-hippocampal correlations at wakefulness-sleep transition. J Neurophysiol 2014; 112:1763-74. [PMID: 25008411 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00783.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is involved in memory consolidation. Current theories propose that sleep-dependent memory consolidation requires active communication between the hippocampus and neocortex. Indeed, it is known that neuronal activities in the hippocampus and various neocortical areas are correlated during slow-wave sleep. However, transitioning from wakefulness to slow-wave sleep is a gradual process. How the hippocampal-cortical correlation is established during the wakefulness-sleep transition is unknown. By examining local field potentials and multiunit activities in the rat hippocampus and visual cortex, we show that the wakefulness-sleep transition is characterized by sharp-wave ripple events in the hippocampus and high-voltage spike-wave events in the cortex, both of which are accompanied by highly synchronized multiunit activities in the corresponding area. Hippocampal ripple events occur earlier than the cortical high-voltage spike-wave events, and hippocampal ripple incidence is attenuated by the onset of cortical high-voltage spike waves. This attenuation leads to a temporary weak correlation in the hippocampal-cortical multiunit activities, which eventually evolves to a strong correlation as the brain enters slow-wave sleep. The results suggest that the hippocampal-cortical correlation is established through a concerted, two-step state change that first synchronizes the neuronal firing within each brain area and then couples the synchronized activities between the two regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Haggerty
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Daoyun Ji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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45
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Mizuseki K, Diba K, Pastalkova E, Teeters J, Sirota A, Buzsáki G. Neurosharing: large-scale data sets (spike, LFP) recorded from the hippocampal-entorhinal system in behaving rats. F1000Res 2014; 3:98. [PMID: 25075302 PMCID: PMC4097350 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.3895.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Using silicon-based recording electrodes, we recorded neuronal activity of the dorsal hippocampus and dorsomedial entorhinal cortex from behaving rats. The entorhinal neurons were classified as principal neurons and interneurons based on monosynaptic interactions and wave-shapes. The hippocampal neurons were classified as principal neurons and interneurons based on monosynaptic interactions, wave-shapes and burstiness. The data set contains recordings from 7,736 neurons (6,100 classified as principal neurons, 1,132 as interneurons, and 504 cells that did not clearly fit into either category) obtained during 442 recording sessions from 11 rats (a total of 204.5 hours) while they were engaged in one of eight different behaviours/tasks. Both original and processed data (time stamp of spikes, spike waveforms, result of spike sorting and local field potential) are included, along with metadata of behavioural markers. Community-driven data sharing may offer cross-validation of findings, refinement of interpretations and facilitate discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Mizuseki
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA ; Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA ; Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kamran Diba
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Eva Pastalkova
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA ; Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Jeff Teeters
- Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anton Sirota
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA ; Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - György Buzsáki
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA ; Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA ; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
We often assume that the variables of functional and structural brain parameters - such as synaptic weights, the firing rates of individual neurons, the synchronous discharge of neural populations, the number of synaptic contacts between neurons and the size of dendritic boutons - have a bell-shaped distribution. However, at many physiological and anatomical levels in the brain, the distribution of numerous parameters is in fact strongly skewed with a heavy tail, suggesting that skewed (typically lognormal) distributions are fundamental to structural and functional brain organization. This insight not only has implications for how we should collect and analyse data, it may also help us to understand how the different levels of skewed distributions - from synapses to cognition - are related to each other.
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