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Ding K, Gui Y, Hou X, Ye L, Wang L. Transient Receptor Potential Channels, Natriuretic Peptides, and Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitors in Patients With Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:904881. [PMID: 35722101 PMCID: PMC9204593 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.904881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains the leading cause of death, morbidity, and medical expenses worldwide. Treatments for HF with reduced ejection fraction have progressed in recent years; however, acute decompensated heart failure remains difficult to treat. The transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family plays roles in various cardiovascular diseases, responding to neurohormonal and mechanical load stimulation. Thus, TRP channels are promising targets for drug discovery, and many studies have evaluated the roles of TRP channels expressed on pain neurons. The natriuretic peptide (NP) family of proteins regulates blood volume, natriuresis, and vasodilation and can antagonize the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and participate in the pathogenesis of major cardiovascular diseases, such as HF, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, and left ventricular hypertrophy. NPs are degraded by neprilysin, and the blood level of NPs has predictive value in the diagnosis and prognostic stratification of HF. In this review, we discuss the relationships between typical TRP family channels (e.g., transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 andTRPV1, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6) and the NP system (e.g., atrial NP, B-type NP, and C-type NP) and their respective roles in HF. We also discuss novel drugs introduced for the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ding
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Gui
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Hou
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifang Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lihong Wang,
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2
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Meng QT, Liu XY, Liu XT, Liu J, Munanairi A, Barry DM, Liu B, Jin H, Sun Y, Yang Q, Gao F, Wan L, Peng J, Jin JH, Shen KF, Kim R, Yin J, Tao A, Chen ZF. BNP facilitates NMB-encoded histaminergic itch via NPRC-NMBR crosstalk. eLife 2021; 10:71689. [PMID: 34919054 PMCID: PMC8789279 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine-dependent and -independent itch is conveyed by parallel peripheral neural pathways that express gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and neuromedin B (NMB), respectively, to the spinal cord of mice. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been proposed to transmit both types of itch via its receptor NPRA encoded by Npr1. However, BNP also binds to its cognate receptor, NPRC encoded by Npr3 with equal potency. Moreover, natriuretic peptides (NP) signal through the Gi-couped inhibitory cGMP pathway that is supposed to inhibit neuronal activity, raising the question of how BNP may transmit itch information. Here, we report that Npr3 expression in laminae I-II of the dorsal horn partially overlaps with NMB receptor (NMBR) that transmits histaminergic itch via Gq-couped PLCβ-Ca2+ signaling pathway. Functional studies indicate that NPRC is required for itch evoked by histamine but not chloroquine (CQ), a nonhistaminergic pruritogen. Importantly, BNP significantly facilitates scratching behaviors mediated by NMB, but not GRP. Consistently, BNP evoked Ca2+ responses in NMBR/NPRC HEK 293 cells and NMBR/NPRC dorsal horn neurons. These results reveal a previously unknown mechanism by which BNP facilitates NMB-encoded itch through a novel NPRC-NMBR cross-signaling in mice. Our studies uncover distinct modes of action for neuropeptides in transmission and modulation of itch in mice. An itch is a common sensation that makes us want to scratch. Most short-term itches are caused by histamine, a chemical that is released by immune cells following an infection or in response to an allergic reaction. Chronic itching, on the other hand, is not usually triggered by histamine, and is typically the result of neurological or skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis. The sensation of itching is generated by signals that travel from the skin to nerve cells in the spinal cord. Studies in mice have shown that the neuropeptides responsible for delivering these signals differ depending on whether or not the itch involves histamine: GRPs (short for gastrin-releasing proteins) convey histamine-independent itches, while NMBs (short for neuromedin B) convey histamine-dependent itches. It has been proposed that another neuropeptide called BNP (short for B-type natriuretic peptide) is able to transmit both types of itch signals to the spinal cord. But it remains unclear how this signaling molecule is able to do this. To investigate, Meng, Liu, Liu, Liu et al. carried out a combination of behavioral, molecular and pharmacological experiments in mice and nerve cells cultured in a laboratory. The experiments showed that BNP alone cannot transmit the sensation of itching, but it can boost itching signals that are triggered by histamine. It is widely believed that BNP activates a receptor protein called NPRA. However, Meng et al. found that the BNP actually binds to another protein which alters the function of the receptor activated by NMBs. These findings suggest that BNP modulates rather than initiates histamine-dependent itching by enhancing the interaction between NMBs and their receptor. Understanding how itch signals travel from the skin to neurons in the spinal cord is crucial for designing new treatments for chronic itching. The work by Meng et al. suggests that treatments targeting NPRA, which was thought to be a key itch receptor, may not be effective against chronic itching, and that other drug targets need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Tao Meng
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - Xian-Yu Liu
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - Xue-Ting Liu
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - Juan Liu
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - Admire Munanairi
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - Devin M Barry
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - Benlong Liu
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - Hua Jin
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - Qianyi Yang
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - Fang Gao
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - Li Wan
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - Jiahang Peng
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - Jin-Hua Jin
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - Kai-Feng Shen
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - Ray Kim
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - Jun Yin
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - Ailin Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou-Feng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
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3
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Abstract
Itch is one of the most primal sensations, being both ubiquitous and important for the well-being of animals. For more than a century, a desire to understand how itch is encoded by the nervous system has prompted the advancement of many theories. Within the past 15 years, our understanding of the molecular and neural mechanisms of itch has undergone a major transformation, and this remarkable progress continues today without any sign of abating. Here I describe accumulating evidence that indicates that itch is distinguished from pain through the actions of itch-specific neuropeptides that relay itch information to the spinal cord. According to this model, classical neurotransmitters transmit, inhibit and modulate itch information in a context-, space- and time-dependent manner but do not encode itch specificity. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is proposed to be a key itch-specific neuropeptide, with spinal neurons expressing GRP receptor (GRPR) functioning as a key part of a convergent circuit for the conveyance of peripheral itch information to the brain.
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Goto T, Sapio MR, Maric D, Robinson JM, Domenichiello AF, Saligan LN, Mannes AJ, Iadarola MJ. Longitudinal peripheral tissue RNA-Seq transcriptomic profiling, hyperalgesia, and wound healing in the rat plantar surgical incision model. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21852. [PMID: 34499774 PMCID: PMC9293146 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100347r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative pain and delayed healing in surgical wounds, which require complex management strategies have understudied complicated mechanisms. Here we investigated temporal changes in behavior, tissue structure, and transcriptomic profiles in a rat model of a surgical incision, using hyperalgesic behavioral tests, histological analyses, and next‐generation RNA sequencing, respectively. The most rapidly (1 hour) expressed genes were the chemokines, Cxcl1 and Cxcl2. Consequently, infiltrating leukocytes were abundantly observed starting at 6 and peaking at 24 hours after incising which was supported by histological analysis and appearance of the neutrophil markers, S100a8 and S100a9. At this time, hyperalgesia was at a peak and overall transcriptional activity was most highly activated. At the 1‐day timepoint, Nppb, coding for natriuretic peptide precursor B, was the most strongly upregulated gene and was localized by in situ hybridization to the epidermal keratinocytes at the margins of the incision. Nppb was basically unaffected in a peripheral inflammation model transcriptomic dataset. At the late phase of wound healing, five secreted, incision‐specific peptidases, Mmp2, Aebp1, Mmp23, Adamts7, and Adamtsl1, showed increased expression, supporting the idea of a sustained tissue remodeling process. Transcripts that are specifically upregulated at each timepoint in the incision model may be potential candidates for either biomarkers or therapeutic targets for wound pain and wound healing. This study incorporates the examination of longitudinal temporal molecular responses, corresponding anatomical localization, and hyperalgesic behavioral alterations in the surgical incision model that together provide important and novel foundational knowledge to understand mechanisms of wound pain and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Goto
- Symptoms Biology Unit, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew R Sapio
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Robinson
- Translational Life Science Technology Program, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony F Domenichiello
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leorey N Saligan
- Symptoms Biology Unit, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Mannes
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Iadarola
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Sun F, Zhou K, Tian KY, Zhang XY, Liu W, Wang J, Zhong CP, Qiu JH, Zha DJ. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Promotes Neurite Outgrowth and Survival of Cochlear Spiral Ganglion Neurons in vitro Through NPR-A/cGMP/PKG Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:681421. [PMID: 34268307 PMCID: PMC8276373 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.681421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a dominant public health issue affecting millions of people around the globe, which is correlated with the irreversible deterioration of the hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) within the cochlea. Strategies using bioactive molecules that regulate neurite regeneration and neuronal survival to reestablish connections between auditory epithelium or implanted electrodes and SGN neurites would become attractive therapeutic candidates for SNHL. As an intracellular second messenger, cyclic guanosine-3’,5’-monophosphate (cGMP) can be synthesized through activation of particulate guanylate cyclase-coupled natriuretic peptide receptors (NPRs) by natriuretic peptides, which in turn modulates multiple aspects of neuronal functions including neuronal development and neuronal survival. As a cardiac-derived hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and its specific receptors (NPR-A and NPR-C) are broadly expressed in the nervous system where they might be involved in the maintenance of diverse neural functions. Despite former literatures and our reports indicating the existence of ANP and its receptors within the inner ear, particularly in the spiral ganglion, their potential regulatory mechanisms underlying functional properties of auditory neurons are still incompletely understood. Our recently published investigation revealed that ANP could promote the neurite outgrowth of SGNs by activating NPR-A/cGMP/PKG cascade in a dose-dependent manner. In the present research, the influence of ANP and its receptor-mediated downstream signaling pathways on neurite outgrowth, neurite attraction, and neuronal survival of SGNs in vitro was evaluated by employing cultures of organotypic explant and dissociated neuron from postnatal rats. Our data indicated that ANP could support and attract neurite outgrowth of SGNs and possess a high capacity to improve neuronal survival of SGNs against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity by triggering the NPR-A/cGMP/PKG pathway. The neuroregenerative and neuroprotective effects of ANP/NPRA/cGMP/PKG-dependent signaling on SGNs would represent an attractive therapeutic candidate for hearing impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke-Yong Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Children Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cui-Ping Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ding-Jun Zha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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6
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Xu W, Yao Y, Zhu D, Han L, Wang L, Wang Y. Involvement of the BNP/NPR-A/BKCa pathway in rat trigeminal ganglia following chronic constriction injury. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:1139-1145. [PMID: 33596737 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00682.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and its receptor (natriuretic peptide receptor, NPR) are widely distributed in a variety of tissues including trigeminal ganglion (TG). Furthermore, recent studies support the involvement of the BNP-NPR-A pathway in acute and chronic pain. To investigate the role of this pathway in chronic pain, an infraorbital nerve-chronic constriction injury (ION-CCI) model of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) was produced in the rat. The time course of changes in mechanical pain threshold was examined. We observed an upregulation of BNP and NPR-A and a downregulation of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) mRNA and protein in rats subjected to ION-CCI. Patch clamping experiments in vitro found that BKCa currents were significantly reduced in rats subjected to ION-CCI. BNP increased BKCa currents in ION-CCI rats. These results suggest that BNP and NPR-A might serve as endogenous pain relievers in ION-CCI rats. Modulation of the BNP/NPR-A/BKCa channel pathway in TG may be a viable strategy for the treatment of TN.NEW & NOTEWORTHY BNP has been known to activate its receptor, NPR-A, to modulate inflammatory pain. However, the potential modulatory roles of BNP in TN have not been investigated in detail. We established an ION-CCI model of TN in the rat and observed an upregulation of BNP and NPR-A and a downregulation of BKCa in rats subjected to ION-CCI. Moreover, BNP can increase BKCa currents in ION-CCI rats. Thus, BNP and NPR-A might have inhibitory effects on trigeminal neuralgia through activating the BNP/NPR-A/BKCa channel pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Xu
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhi Yao
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Zhu
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Han
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liecheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyin Wang
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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7
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Parlar A, Arslan SO, Çam SA. Glabridin Alleviates Inflammation and Nociception in Rodents by Activating BK Ca Channels and Reducing NO Levels. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:884-897. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Parlar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Adiyaman
| | | | - Saliha Ayşenur Çam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ankara Yildirim Beyazit
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Meng J, Chen W, Wang J. Interventions in the B-type natriuretic peptide signalling pathway as a means of controlling chronic itch. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1025-1040. [PMID: 31877230 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic itch poses major health care and economic burdens worldwide. In 2013, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) was identified as an itch-selective neuropeptide and shown to be both necessary and sufficient to produce itch behaviour in mice. Since then, mechanistic studies of itch have increased, not only at central levels of the spinal relay of itch signalling but also in the periphery and skin. In this review, we have critically analysed recent findings from complementary pharmacological and physiological approaches, combined with genetic strategies to examine the role of BNP in itch transduction and modulation of other pruritic proteins. Additionally, potential targets and possible strategies against BNP signalling are discussed for developing novel therapeutics in itch. Overall, we aim to provide insights into drug development by altering BNP signalling to modulate disease symptoms in chronic itch, including conditions for which no approved treatment exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China.,National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Weiwei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Jiafu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China.,School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Yang X, Chen Q, Ma M, Xie W, Gong B, Huang Y, Li Y, Liu S, Hu J, Liang S, Chen J, Liu F, Sun T. Expression and Regulation of Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Natriuretic Peptide Receptor A (NPR-A) in L6-S1 Dorsal Root Ganglia in a Rat Model of Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:9042-9047. [PMID: 31777403 PMCID: PMC6900924 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to investigate the expression of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A) in L6-S1 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in a rat model of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP). MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred specific pathogen-free (SPF) male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (N=50) and a study group (N=50). The control group underwent prostatic injection of 0.1 ml of normal saline on days 3, 7, 10, 14, and 28. The study group, or rat model of CNP, underwent prostatic injection of 0.1 ml of complete Freund's adjuvant on days 3, 7, 10, 14, and 28. At the end of the study, the rats were euthanized, and the prostate tissues and L6-S1 DRG were removed. Histology was performed on the prostate tissue from the rats in the study group and control group. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot were used to study the expression of BNP and NPR-A mRNA and protein in the DRG from the rats in the study group and control group. RESULTS In the rat model of CNP, the expression of BNP and NPR-A were significantly increased in L6-S1 DRG compared with the controls. CONCLUSIONS In a rat model of CNP, the increased expression of BNP and NPR-A in L6-S1 DRG may have a role in pain signaling pathways associated with chronic prostatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Wenjie Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Binbin Gong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yongming Huang
- Department of Urology, The Peoples' Hospital of Ganzhou City, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, The Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jieping Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, The Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Cadres Healthcare and Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
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10
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Nerve Injury-Induced Neuronal PAP-I Maintains Neuropathic Pain by Activating Spinal Microglia. J Neurosci 2019; 40:297-310. [PMID: 31744864 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1414-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis-associated proteins (PAPs) display multiple functions in visceral diseases. Previous studies showed that the expression level of PAP-I was low in the DRG of naive rats but was de novo expressed after peripheral nerve injury. However, its role in neuropathic pain remains unknown. We found that PAP-I expression was continuously upregulated in the DRG neurons from rat spared nerve injury models, and transported toward the spinal dorsal horn to act as a proinflammatory factor. Intrathecal delivery of PAP-I enhanced sensory hyperalgesia, whereas PAP-I deficiency by either gene knockout or antibody application alleviated tactile allodynia at the maintenance phase after spared nerve injury. Furthermore, PAP-I functioned by activating the spinal microglia via C-C chemokine receptor Type 2 that participated in neuropathic pain. Inhibition of either microglial activation or C-C chemokine receptor Type 2 abolished the PAP-I-induced hyperalgesia. Thus, PAP-I mediates the neuron-microglial crosstalk after peripheral nerve injury and contributes to the maintenance of neuropathic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuropathic pain is maladaptive pain condition, and the maintaining mechanism is largely unclear. Here we reveal that, after peripheral nerve injury, PAP-I can be transported to the spinal dorsal horn and is crucial in the progression of neuropathic pain. Importantly, we prove that PAP-I mainly functions through activating the spinal microglia via the CCR2-p38 MAPK pathway. Furthermore, we confirm that the proinflammatory effect of PAP-I is more prominent after the establishment of neuropathic pain, thus indicating that microglia also participate in the maintenance phase of neuropathic pain.
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11
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Li ZH, Cui D, Qiu CJ, Song XJ. Cyclic nucleotide signaling in sensory neuron hyperexcitability and chronic pain after nerve injury. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN 2019; 6:100028. [PMID: 31223142 PMCID: PMC6565612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2019.100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Activation of cAMP-PKA and cGMP-PKG pathways contributes to injury-induced sensory neuron hyperexcitability. Activation of cAMP and cGMP contributes to the development of bone cancer pain. PAR2 activation mediates injury-induced cAMP-dependent sensory neuron hyperexcitability.
The cyclic nucleotide signaling, including cAMP-PKA and cGMP-PKG pathways, has been well known to play critical roles in regulating cellular growth, metabolism and many other intracellular processes. In recent years, more and more studies have uncovered the roles of cAMP and cGMP in the nervous system. The cAMP and cGMP signaling mediates chronic pain induced by different forms of injury and stress. Here we summarize the roles of cAMP-PKA and cGMP-PKG signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of chronic pain after nerve injury. In addition, acute dissociation and chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, respectively, leads to neural hyperexcitability possibly through PAR2 activation-dependent activation of cAMP-PKA pathway. Clinically, radiotherapy can effectively alleviate bone cancer pain at least partly through inhibiting the cancer cell-induced activation of cAMP-PKA pathway. Roles of cyclic nucleotide signaling in neuropathic and inflammatory pain are also seen in many other animal models and are involved in many pro-nociceptive mechanisms including the activation of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide (HCN)-modulated ion channels and the exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPAC). Further understanding the roles of cAMP and cGMP signaling in the pathogenesis of chronic pain is theoretically significant and clinically valuable for treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hua Li
- Department of Biology, SUSTech Center for Pain Medicine, and Medical School, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,Department of Anesthesiology and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education of China), Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Dong Cui
- Department of Biology, SUSTech Center for Pain Medicine, and Medical School, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,Department of Anesthesiology and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education of China), Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Qiu
- Department of Biology, SUSTech Center for Pain Medicine, and Medical School, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xue-Jun Song
- Department of Biology, SUSTech Center for Pain Medicine, and Medical School, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,Department of Anesthesiology and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education of China), Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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Fabbretti E. P2X3 receptors are transducers of sensory signals. Brain Res Bull 2019; 151:119-124. [PMID: 30660716 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral stimuli are transduced by specific receptors expressed by sensory neurons and are further processed in the dorsal horn of spinal cord before to be transmitted to the brain. While relative few receptor subtypes mediate the initial depolarisation of sensory neurons, an impressive number of molecules and ion channels integrate these inputs into coded signals. Soluble mediators and ambient conditions further shape these processes, potentially triggering peripheral and central sensitisation, or sensory downregulation. Extracellular ATP is a major signaling molecule that acts via purinergic receptors and is a powerful modulator of cell communication as well as a neurotransmitter at peripheral/central synapses. In particular, ATP-mediated signals are transduced by P2X3 receptors expressed mainly by peripheral sensory neurons. Recent evidence suggests that P2X3 receptor function not only induces neuron depolarisation and firing with consequent neurotransmitter release, but it also triggers intracellular molecular changes that amplify purinergic signaling with important consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Fabbretti
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 5, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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Uchida H, Matsumura S, Katano T, Watanabe M, Schlossmann J, Ito S. Two isoforms of cyclic GMP-dependent kinase-I exhibit distinct expression patterns in the adult mouse dorsal root ganglion. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918796409. [PMID: 30152261 PMCID: PMC6113733 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918796409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
cGMP-dependent kinase-I (cGKI) is known to regulate spinal pain processing. This enzyme consists of two isoforms (cGKIα and cGKIβ) that show distinct substrate specificity and tissue distribution. It has long been believed that the α isoform is exclusively expressed in the adult dorsal root ganglion. The aim of the present study was to reexamine the expression of cGKI isoforms in the adult mouse dorsal root ganglion using isoform-specific cGKI antibodies whose specificities had been validated in the previous studies. Immunoblot and immunohistochemical analyses revealed the presence of both isoforms in the dorsal root ganglion. Moreover, cGKIα was found to be mainly expressed within the cytoplasm of small- to medium-sized peptidergic and nonpeptidegic C-fibers, whereas cGKIβ was located within the nuclei of a wide range of dorsal root ganglion neurons. In addition, glutamine synthetase-positive satellite glial cells expressed both isoforms to varying degrees. Finally, using an experimental model for neuropathic pain produced by L5 spinal nerve transection, we found that cGKIα expression was downregulated in the injured, but not in the uninjured, dorsal root ganglion. In contrast, cGKIβ expression was upregulated in both the injured and uninjured dorsal root ganglions. Also, injury-induced cGKIβ upregulation was found to occur in small-to-medium-diameter dorsal root ganglion neurons. These data thus demonstrate the existence of two differently distributed cGKI isoforms in the dorsal root ganglion, and may provide insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Uchida
- 1 Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Japan.,2 Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumura
- 1 Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Tayo Katano
- 1 Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- 3 Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Jens Schlossmann
- 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Seiji Ito
- 1 Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Japan
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Pitake S, Debrecht J, Mishra SK. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) expressing sensory neurons are not involved in acute, inflammatory or neuropathic pain. Mol Pain 2018; 13:1744806917736993. [PMID: 28969473 PMCID: PMC5639968 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917736993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently demonstrated that brain natriuretic peptide is expressed in the dorsal root ganglia, and that brain natriuretic peptide is required for normal detection of pruritogens. We further showed that the receptor for brain natriuretic peptide, natriuretic peptide receptor A, is present in the spinal cord, and elimination of these neurons profoundly attenuates scratching to itch-inducing compounds. However, the potential modulatory roles of brain natriuretic peptide in nociception, inflammation, and neuropathic mechanisms underlying the sensation of pain have not been investigated in detail. Findings To demonstrate the involvement of brain natriuretic peptide in pain, we compared the behavioral responses of brain natriuretic peptide knockout mice with their wild-type littermates. First, we showed that brain natriuretic peptide is not required in chemically induced pain responses evoked by the administration of capsaicin, allyl isothiocyanate, adenosine 5′-triphosphate, or inflammatory soup. We further measured pain behaviors and found no involvement of brain natriuretic peptide in hot, cold, or mechanical nociceptive responses in mice, nor did we find evidence for the involvement of brain natriuretic peptide in neuroinflammatory sensitization elicited by complete Freund’s adjuvant or in neuropathic pain. Conclusions These results demonstrate that brain natriuretic peptide is not essential for pain-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumitra Pitake
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), NC State University
| | - Jennifer Debrecht
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), NC State University
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New mechanism underlying IL-31-induced atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:1677-1689.e8. [PMID: 29427643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TH2 cell-released IL-31 is a critical mediator in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), a prevalent and debilitating chronic skin disorder. Brain-derived natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been described as a central itch mediator. The importance of BNP in peripheral (skin-derived) itch and its functional link to IL-31 within the neuroimmune axis of the skin is unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the function of BNP in the peripheral sensory system and skin in IL-31-induced itch and neuroepidermal communication in patients with AD. METHODS Ca2+ imaging, immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR, RNA sequencing, knockdown, cytokine/phosphokinase arrays, enzyme immune assay, and pharmacologic inhibition were performed to examine the cellular basis of the IL-31-stimulated, BNP-related itch signaling in dorsal root ganglionic neurons (DRGs) and skin cells, transgenic AD-like mouse models, and human skin of patients with AD and healthy subjects. RESULTS In human DRGs we confirmed expression and co-occurrence of oncostatin M receptor β subunit and IL-31 receptor A in a small subset of the neuronal population. Furthermore, IL-31 activated approximately 50% of endothelin-1-responsive neurons, and half of the latter also responded to histamine. In murine DRGs IL-31 upregulated Nppb and induced soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptor-dependent BNP release. In Grhl3PAR2/+ mice house dust mite-induced severe AD-like dermatitis was associated with Nppb upregulation. Lesional IL-31 transgenic mice also exhibited increased Nppb transcripts in DRGs and the skin; accordingly, skin BNP receptor levels were increased. Importantly, expression of BNP and its receptor were increased in the skin of patients with AD. In human skin cells BNP stimulated a proinflammatory and itch-promoting phenotype. CONCLUSION For the first time, our findings show that BNP is implicated in AD and that IL-31 regulates BNP in both DRGs and the skin. IL-31 enhances BNP release and synthesis and orchestrates cytokine and chemokine release from skin cells, thereby coordinating the signaling pathways involved in itch. Inhibiting peripheral BNP function might be a novel therapeutic strategy for AD and pruritic conditions.
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de Moraes ER, Kushmerick C, Naves LA. Morphological and functional diversity of first-order somatosensory neurons. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:847-856. [PMID: 28889335 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
First-order somatosensory neurons transduce and convey information about the external or internal environment of the body to the central nervous system. They are pseudo unipolar neurons with cell bodies residing in one of several ganglia located near the central nervous system, with the short branch of the axon connecting to the spinal cord or the brain stem and the long branch extending towards the peripheral organ they innervate. Besides their sensory transducer and conductive role, somatosensory neurons also have trophic functions in the tissue they innervate and participate in local reflexes in the periphery. The cell bodies of these neurons are remarkably diverse in terms of size, molecular constitution, and electrophysiological properties. These parameters have provided criteria for classification that have proved useful to establish and study their functions. In this review, we discuss ways to measure and classify populations of neurons based on their size and action potential firing pattern. We also discuss attempts to relate the different populations to specific sensory modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Ricardo de Moraes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Christopher Kushmerick
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lígia Araujo Naves
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Presynaptic inhibition of nociceptive neurotransmission by somatosensory neuron-secreted suppressors. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017. [PMID: 28624955 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Noxious stimuli cause pain by activating cutaneous nociceptors. The Aδ- and C-fibers of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons convey the nociceptive signals to the laminae I-II of spinal cord. In the dorsal horn of spinal cord, the excitatory afferent synaptic transmission is regulated by the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid and modulators such as opioid peptides released from the spinal interneurons, and by serotonin, norepinepherine and dopamine from the descending inhibitory system. In contrast to the accumulated evidence for these central inhibitors and their neural circuits in the dorsal spinal cord, the knowledge about the endogenous suppressive mechanisms in nociceptive DRG neurons remains very limited. In this review, we summarize our recent findings of the presynaptic suppressive mechanisms in nociceptive neurons, the BNP/NPR-A/PKG/BKCa channel pathway, the FSTL1/α1Na+-K+ ATPase pathway and the activin C/ERK pathway. These endogenous suppressive systems in the mechanoheat nociceptors may also contribute differentially to the mechanisms of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain or inflammation-induced pain.
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18
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Profile of Dr. Xu Zhang. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017. [PMID: 28623547 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Li C, Wang S, Chen Y, Zhang X. Somatosensory Neuron Typing with High-Coverage Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and Functional Analysis. Neurosci Bull 2017; 34:200-207. [PMID: 28612318 PMCID: PMC5799126 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Different physical and chemical stimuli are detected by the peripheral sensory receptors of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and the generated inputs are transmitted via afferent fibers into the central nervous system. The gene expression profiles of DRG neurons contribute to the generation, transmission, and regulation of various somatosensory signals. Recently, the single-cell transcriptomes, cell types, and functional annotations of somatosensory neurons have been studied. In this review, we introduce our classification of DRG neurons based on single-cell RNA-sequencing and functional analyses, and discuss the technical approaches. Moreover, studies on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying somatic sensations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Sashuang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTec University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTec University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Abdelalim EM, Bellier JP, Tooyama I. Localization of Brain Natriuretic Peptide Immunoreactivity in Rat Spinal Cord. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:116. [PMID: 27994541 PMCID: PMC5133262 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) exerts its functions through NP receptors. Recently, BNP has been shown to be involved in a wide range of functions. Previous studies reported BNP expression in the sensory afferent fibers in the dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord. However, BNP expression and function in the neurons of the central nervous system are still controversial. Therefore, in this study, we investigated BNP expression in the rat spinal cord in detail using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR analysis showed that BNP mRNA was present in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion (DRG). BNP immunoreactivity was observed in different structures of the spinal cord, including the neuronal cell bodies and neuronal processes. BNP immunoreactivity was observed in the DH of the spinal cord and in the neurons of the intermediate column (IC) and ventral horn (VH). Double-immunolabeling showed a high level of BNP expression in the afferent fibers (laminae I–II) labeled with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), suggesting BNP involvement in sensory function. In addition, BNP was co-localized with CGRP and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the motor neurons of the VH. Together, these results indicate that BNP is expressed in sensory and motor systems of the spinal cord, suggesting its involvement in several biological actions on sensory and motor neurons via its binding to NP receptor-A (NPR-A) and/or NP receptor-B (NPR-B) at the spinal cord level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M Abdelalim
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar FoundationDoha, Qatar; Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical ScienceOtsu, Japan; Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal UniversityIsmailia, Egypt
| | - Jean-Pierre Bellier
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu, Japan
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Li ZW, Wu B, Ye P, Tan ZY, Ji YH. Brain natriuretic peptide suppresses pain induced by BmK I, a sodium channel-specific modulator, in rats. J Headache Pain 2016; 17:90. [PMID: 27687165 PMCID: PMC5042912 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-016-0685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A previous study found that brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) inhibited inflammatory pain via activating its receptor natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA) in nociceptive sensory neurons. A recent study found that functional NPRA is expressed in almost all the trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons at membrane level suggesting a potentially important role for BNP in migraine pathophysiology. Methods An inflammatory pain model was produced by subcutaneous injection of BmK I, a sodium channel-specific modulator from venom of Chinese scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch. Quantitative PCR, Western Blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect mRNA and protein expression of BNP and NPRA in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and dorsal horn of spinal cord. Whole-cell patch clamping experiments were conducted to record large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) currents of membrane excitability of DRG neurons. Spontaneous and evoked pain behaviors were examined. Results The mRNA and protein expression of BNP and NPRA was up-regulated in DRG and dorsal horn of spinal cord after BmK I injection. The BNP and NPRA was preferentially expressed in small-sized DRG neurons among which BNP was expressed in both CGRP-positive and IB4-positive neurons while NPRA was preferentially expressed in CGRP-positive neurons. BNP increased the open probability of BKCa channels and suppressed the membrane excitability of small-sized DRG neurons. Intrathecal injection of BNP significantly inhibited BmK-induced pain behaviors including both spontaneous and evoked pain behaviors. Conclusions These results suggested that BNP might play an important role as an endogenous pain reliever in BmK I-induced inflammatory pain condition. It is also suggested that BNP might play a similar role in other pathophysiological pain conditions including migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Li
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai, 200436, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai, 200436, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Ye
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai, 200436, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Yong-Hua Ji
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai, 200436, People's Republic of China.
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Marchenkova A, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Nistri A. Loss of inhibition by brain natriuretic peptide over P2X3 receptors contributes to enhanced spike firing of trigeminal ganglion neurons in a mouse model of familial hemiplegic migraine type-1. Neuroscience 2016; 331:197-205. [PMID: 27346147 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic P2X3 receptors (P2X3Rs) play an important role in pain pathologies, including migraine. In trigeminal neurons, P2X3Rs are constitutively downregulated by endogenous brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). In a mouse knock-in (KI) model of familial hemiplegic migraine type-1 with upregulated calcium CaV2.1 channel function, trigeminal neurons exhibit hyperexcitability with gain-of-function of P2X3Rs and their deficient BNP-mediated inhibition. We studied whether the absent BNP-induced control over P2X3Rs activity in KI cultures may be functionally expressed in altered firing activity of KI trigeminal neurons. Patch-clamp experiments investigated the excitability of wild-type and KI trigeminal neurons induced by either current or agonists for P2X3Rs or transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) receptors. Consistent with the constitutive inhibition of P2X3Rs by BNP, sustained pharmacological block of BNP receptors selectively enhanced P2X3R-mediated excitability of wild-type neurons without affecting firing evoked by the other protocols. This effect included increased number of action potentials, lower spike threshold and shift of the firing pattern distribution toward higher spiking activity. Thus, inactivation of BNP signaling transformed the wild-type excitability phenotype into the one typical for KI. BNP receptor block did not influence excitability of KI neurons in accordance with the lack of BNP-induced P2X3R modulation. Our study suggests that, in wild-type trigeminal neurons, negative control over P2X3Rs by the BNP pathway is translated into tonic suppression of P2X3Rs-mediated excitability. Lack of this inhibition in KI cultures results in a hyperexcitability phenotype and might contribute to facilitated trigeminal pain transduction relevant for migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marchenkova
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Nistri
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
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Electrophysiological properties of brain-natriuretic peptide- and gastrin-releasing peptide-responsive dorsal horn neurons in spinal itch transmission. Neurosci Lett 2016; 627:51-60. [PMID: 27235577 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Spinal itch transmission has been reported to be mediated by at least two neuronal populations in spinal dorsal horn, neurons expressing brain-natriuretic peptide (BNP) receptor (Npra) and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor (GRPR). Although Npra-expressing neurons were shown to be upstream of GRPR- expressing neurons in spinal itch transmission, the roles of BNP and GRP in the spinal neurotransmission of histamine-dependent and -independent itch remains unclear. Using in vivo electrophysiology and behavior analysis, this study examined the responses of chloroquine (histamine-independent pruritogen)-responsive and histamine-responsive dorsal horn neurons to spinal applications of BNP and GRP. Electrophysiologically, 9.5% of chloroquine-responsive neurons responded to BNP, 33.3% to GRP, and 4.8% to both, indicating that almost half of chloroquine-responsive neurons were unresponsive to both BNP and GRP. In contrast, histamine-responsive neurons did not respond to spinal BNP application, whereas 30% responded to spinal GRP application, indicating that 70% of histamine-responsive neurons were unresponsive to both BNP and GRP. Behavioral analyses showed differences in the time-course and frequency of scratching responses evoked by intrathecal BNP and GRP. These findings provide evidence that most BNP-Npra and GRP-GRPR signaling involve different pathways of spinal itch transmission, and that multiple neurotransmitters, in addition to BNP and GRP, are involved in spinal itch transmission. The electrophysiological results also suggest that spinal BNP contributes little to histaminergic itch directly.
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Marchenkova A, Vilotti S, Ntamati N, van den Maagdenberg AM, Nistri A. Inefficient constitutive inhibition of P2X3 receptors by brain natriuretic peptide system contributes to sensitization of trigeminal sensory neurons in a genetic mouse model of familial hemiplegic migraine. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916646110. [PMID: 27175010 PMCID: PMC4955999 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916646110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND On trigeminal ganglion neurons, pain-sensing P2X3 receptors are constitutively inhibited by brain natriuretic peptide via its natriuretic peptide receptor-A. This inhibition is associated with increased P2X3 serine phosphorylation and receptor redistribution to non-lipid raft membrane compartments. The natriuretic peptide receptor-A antagonist anantin reverses these effects. We studied whether P2X3 inhibition is dysfunctional in a genetic familial hemiplegic migraine type-1 model produced by introduction of the human pathogenic R192Q missense mutation into the mouse CACNA1A gene (knock-in phenotype). This model faithfully replicates several properties of familial hemiplegic migraine type-1, with gain-of-function of CaV2.1 Ca(2+) channels, raised levels of the algogenic peptide calcitonin gene-related peptide, and enhanced activity of P2X3 receptors in trigeminal ganglia. RESULTS In knock-in neurons, anantin did not affect P2X3 receptor activity, membrane distribution, or serine phosphorylation level, implying ineffective inhibition by the constitutive brain natriuretic peptide/natriuretic peptide receptor-A pathway. However, expression and functional properties of this pathway remained intact together with its ability to downregulate TRPV1 channels. Reversing the familial hemiplegic migraine type-1 phenotype with the CaV2.1-specific antagonist, ω-agatoxin IVA restored P2X3 activity to wild-type level and enabled the potentiating effects of anantin again. After blocking calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors, P2X3 receptors exhibited wild-type properties and were again potentiated by anantin. CONCLUSIONS P2X3 receptors on mouse trigeminal ganglion neurons are subjected to contrasting modulation by inhibitory brain natriuretic peptide and facilitatory calcitonin gene-related peptide that both operate via complex intracellular signaling. In the familial hemiplegic migraine type-1 migraine model, the action of calcitonin gene-related peptide appears to prevail over brain natriuretic peptide, thus suggesting that peripheral inhibition of P2X3 receptors becomes insufficient and contributes to trigeminal pain sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marchenkova
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Sandra Vilotti
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Niels Ntamati
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Arn Mjm van den Maagdenberg
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Nistri
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
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Li D, Paterson DJ. Cyclic nucleotide regulation of cardiac sympatho-vagal responsiveness. J Physiol 2016; 594:3993-4008. [PMID: 26915722 DOI: 10.1113/jp271827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are now recognized as important intracellular signalling molecules that modulate cardiac sympatho-vagal balance in the progression of heart disease. Recent studies have identified that a significant component of autonomic dysfunction associated with several cardiovascular pathologies resides at the end organ, and is coupled to impairment of cyclic nucleotide targeted pathways linked to abnormal intracellular calcium handling and cardiac neurotransmission. Emerging evidence also suggests that cyclic nucleotide coupled phosphodiesterases (PDEs) play a key role limiting the hydrolysis of cAMP and cGMP in disease, and as a consequence this influences the action of the nucleotide on its downstream biological target. In this review, we illustrate the action of nitric oxide-CAPON signalling and brain natriuretic peptide on cGMP and cAMP regulation of cardiac sympatho-vagal transmission in hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. Moreover, we address how PDE2A is now emerging as a major target that affects the efficacy of soluble/particulate guanylate cyclase coupling to cGMP in cardiac dysautonomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - David J Paterson
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
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26
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Li CL, Li KC, Wu D, Chen Y, Luo H, Zhao JR, Wang SS, Sun MM, Lu YJ, Zhong YQ, Hu XY, Hou R, Zhou BB, Bao L, Xiao HS, Zhang X. Somatosensory neuron types identified by high-coverage single-cell RNA-sequencing and functional heterogeneity. Cell Res 2015; 26:83-102. [PMID: 26691752 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2015.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory neurons are distinguished by distinct signaling networks and receptive characteristics. Thus, sensory neuron types can be defined by linking transcriptome-based neuron typing with the sensory phenotypes. Here we classify somatosensory neurons of the mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) by high-coverage single-cell RNA-sequencing (10 950 ± 1 218 genes per neuron) and neuron size-based hierarchical clustering. Moreover, single DRG neurons responding to cutaneous stimuli are recorded using an in vivo whole-cell patch clamp technique and classified by neuron-type genetic markers. Small diameter DRG neurons are classified into one type of low-threshold mechanoreceptor and five types of mechanoheat nociceptors (MHNs). Each of the MHN types is further categorized into two subtypes. Large DRG neurons are categorized into four types, including neurexophilin 1-expressing MHNs and mechanical nociceptors (MNs) expressing BAI1-associated protein 2-like 1 (Baiap2l1). Mechanoreceptors expressing trafficking protein particle complex 3-like and Baiap2l1-marked MNs are subdivided into two subtypes each. These results provide a new system for cataloging somatosensory neurons and their transcriptome databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Lin Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20031, China
| | - Kai-Cheng Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20031, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20031, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20031, China
| | - Hao Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTec University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing-Rong Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20031, China
| | - Sa-Shuang Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTec University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ming-Ming Sun
- National Engineering Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Jin Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20031, China
| | - Yan-Qing Zhong
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20031, China
| | - Xu-Ye Hu
- Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences/XuHui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Hou
- National Engineering Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhou
- National Engineering Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTec University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hua-Sheng Xiao
- National Engineering Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTec University, Shanghai 200031, China
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27
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Kiguchi N, Sukhtankar DD, Ding H, Tanaka KI, Kishioka S, Peters CM, Ko MC. Spinal Functions of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide, Gastrin-Releasing Peptide, and Their Cognate Receptors for Regulating Itch in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 356:596-603. [PMID: 26669425 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.229997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)-natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA) and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-GRP receptor (GRPR) systems contribute to spinal processing of itch. However, pharmacological and anatomic evidence of these two spinal ligand-receptor systems are still not clear. The aim of this study was to determine the spinal functions of BNP-NPRA and GRP-GRPR systems for regulating scratching activities in mice by using pharmacological and immunohistochemical approaches. Our results showed that intrathecal administration of BNP (0.3-3 nmol) dose dependently elicited scratching responses, which could be blocked by the NPRA antagonist (Arg6,β-cyclohexyl-Ala8,D-Tic16,Arg17,Cys18)-atrial natriuretic factor(6-18) amide (A71915). However, A71915 had no effect on intrathecal GRP-induced scratching. In contrast, pretreatment with a GRPR antagonist (D-Tpi6,Leu13ψ(CH2-NH)-Leu14)bombesin(6-14) (RC-3095) inhibited BNP-induced scratching. Immunostaining revealed that NPRA proteins colocalize with GRP, but not GRPR, in the superficial area of dorsal horn, whereas BNP proteins do not colocalize with either GRP or GRPR in the dorsal horn. Intradermal administration of ligands including endothelin-1, U-46619, bovine adrenal medulla 8-22, and Ser-Leu-Ile-Gly-Arg-Leu-NH2 (SLIGRL) increased scratching bouts at different levels of magnitude. Pretreatment with intrathecal A71915 did not affect scratching responses elicited by all four pruritogens, whereas pretreatment with RC-3095 only inhibited SLIGRL-induced scratching. Interestingly, immunostaining showed that RC-3095, but not A71915, inhibited SLIGRL-elicited c-Fos activation in the spinal dorsal horn, which was in line with behavioral outcomes. These findings demonstrate that: 1) BNP-NPRA system may function upstream of the GRP-GRPR system to regulate itch in the mouse spinal cord, and 2) both NPRA and GRPR antagonists may have antipruritic efficacy against centrally, but not peripherally, elicited itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Kiguchi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (N.K., D.D.S., H.D., M.-C.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology (C.M.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan (K.T.); Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (S.K.)
| | - Devki D Sukhtankar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (N.K., D.D.S., H.D., M.-C.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology (C.M.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan (K.T.); Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (S.K.)
| | - Huiping Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (N.K., D.D.S., H.D., M.-C.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology (C.M.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan (K.T.); Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (S.K.)
| | - Ken-ichi Tanaka
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (N.K., D.D.S., H.D., M.-C.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology (C.M.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan (K.T.); Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (S.K.)
| | - Shiroh Kishioka
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (N.K., D.D.S., H.D., M.-C.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology (C.M.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan (K.T.); Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (S.K.)
| | - Christopher M Peters
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (N.K., D.D.S., H.D., M.-C.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology (C.M.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan (K.T.); Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (S.K.)
| | - Mei-Chuan Ko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (N.K., D.D.S., H.D., M.-C.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology (C.M.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan (K.T.); Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (S.K.)
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28
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Marchenkova A, Vilotti S, Fabbretti E, Nistri A. Brain natriuretic peptide constitutively downregulates P2X3 receptors by controlling their phosphorylation state and membrane localization. Mol Pain 2015; 11:71. [PMID: 26576636 PMCID: PMC4650943 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP-gated P2X3 receptors are important transducers of nociceptive stimuli and are almost exclusively expressed by sensory ganglion neurons. In mouse trigeminal ganglion (TG), P2X3 receptor function is unexpectedly enhanced by pharmacological block of natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A), outlining a potential inhibitory role of endogenous natriuretic peptides in nociception mediated by P2X3 receptors. Lack of change in P2X3 protein expression indicates a complex modulation whose mechanisms for downregulating P2X3 receptor function remain unclear. RESULTS To clarify this process in mouse TG cultures, we suppressed NPR-A signaling with either siRNA of the endogenous agonist BNP, or the NPR-A blocker anantin. Thus, we investigated changes in P2X3 receptor distribution in the lipid raft membrane compartment, their phosphorylation state, as well as their function with patch clamping. Delayed onset of P2X3 desensitization was one mechanism for the anantin-induced enhancement of P2X3 activity. Anantin application caused preferential P2X3 receptor redistribution to the lipid raft compartment and decreased P2X3 serine phosphorylation, two phenomena that were not interdependent. An inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase and siRNA-mediated knockdown of BNP mimicked the effect of anantin. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that in mouse trigeminal neurons endogenous BNP acts on NPR-A receptors to determine constitutive depression of P2X3 receptor function. Tonic inhibition of P2X3 receptor activity by BNP/NPR-A/PKG pathways occurs via two distinct mechanisms: P2X3 serine phosphorylation and receptor redistribution to non-raft membrane compartments. This novel mechanism of receptor control might be a target for future studies aiming at decreasing dysregulated P2X3 receptor activity in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marchenkova
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Sandra Vilotti
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Elsa Fabbretti
- Center for Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Nova Gorica, 5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.
| | - Andrea Nistri
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy.
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29
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Schmidtko A. Nitric oxide-mediated pain processing in the spinal cord. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 227:103-17. [PMID: 25846616 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-46450-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the processing of persistent inflammatory and neuropathic pain in the spinal cord. Several animal studies revealed that inhibition or knockout of NO synthesis ameliorates persistent pain. However, spinal delivery of NO donors caused dual pronociceptive and antinociceptive effects, pointing to multiple downstream signaling mechanisms of NO. This review summarizes the localization and function of NO-dependent signaling mechanisms in the spinal cord, taking account of the recent progress made in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schmidtko
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Witten/Herdecke, ZBAF, Stockumer Str. 10, 58453, Witten, Germany,
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30
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Reeks TA, Fry BG, Alewood PF. Privileged frameworks from snake venom. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1939-58. [PMID: 25693678 PMCID: PMC11113608 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Venom as a form of chemical prey capture is a key innovation that has underpinned the explosive radiation of the advanced snakes (Caenophidia). Small venom proteins are often rich in disulfide bonds thus facilitating stable molecular scaffolds that present key functional residues on the protein surface. New toxin types are initially developed through the venom gland over-expression of normal body proteins, their subsequent gene duplication and diversification that leads to neofunctionalisation as random mutations modify their structure and function. This process has led to preferentially selected (privileged) cysteine-rich scaffolds that enable the snake to build arrays of toxins many of which may lead to therapeutic products and research tools. This review focuses on cysteine-rich small proteins and peptides found in snake venoms spanning natriuretic peptides to phospholipase enzymes, while highlighting their three-dimensional structures and biological functions as well as their potential as therapeutic agents or research tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Reeks
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - B. G. Fry
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - P. F. Alewood
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
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31
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Li D, Lu CJ, Hao G, Wright H, Woodward L, Liu K, Vergari E, Surdo NC, Herring N, Zaccolo M, Paterson DJ. Efficacy of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Is Coupled to Phosphodiesterase 2A in Cardiac Sympathetic Neurons. Hypertension 2015; 66:190-8. [PMID: 25916722 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.05054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) regulates cGMP-phosphodiesterase activity. Its elevation is regarded as an early compensatory response to cardiac failure where it can facilitate sympathovagal balance and cardiorenal homeostasis. However, recent reports suggest a paradoxical proadrenergic action of BNP. Because phosphodiesterase activity is altered in cardiovascular disease, we tested the hypothesis that BNP might lose its efficacy by minimizing the action of cGMP on downstream pathways coupled to neurotransmission. BNP decreased norepinephrine release from atrial preparations in response to field stimulation and also significantly reduced the heart rate responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation in vitro. Using electrophysiological recording and fluorescence imaging, BNP also reduced the depolarization evoked calcium current and intracellular calcium transient in isolated cardiac sympathetic neurons. Pharmacological manipulations suggested that the reduction in the calcium transient was regulated by a cGMP/protein kinase G pathway. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements for cAMP, and an immunoassay for cGMP, showed that BNP increased cGMP, but not cAMP. In addition, overexpression of phosphodiesterase 2A after adenoviral gene transfer markedly decreased BNP stimulation of cGMP and abrogated the BNP responses to the calcium current, intracellular calcium transient, and neurotransmitter release. These effects were reversed on inhibition of phosphodiesterase 2A. Moreover, phosphodiesterase 2A activity was significantly elevated in stellate neurons from the prohypertensive rat compared with the normotensive control. Our data suggest that abnormally high levels of phosphodiesterase 2A may provide a brake against the inhibitory action of BNP on sympathetic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- From the Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Chieh-Ju Lu
- From the Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Guoliang Hao
- From the Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Wright
- From the Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lavinia Woodward
- From the Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kun Liu
- From the Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Vergari
- From the Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicoletta C Surdo
- From the Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Herring
- From the Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- From the Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David J Paterson
- From the Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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32
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Ma XL, Zhang FX, Dong F, Bao L, Zhang X. Experimental evidence for alleviating nociceptive hypersensitivity by single application of capsaicin. Mol Pain 2015; 11:22. [PMID: 25896608 PMCID: PMC4422461 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The single application of high-concentration of capsaicin has been used as an analgesic therapy of persistent pain. However, its effectiveness and underlying mechanisms remain to be further evaluated with experimental approaches. The present study provided evidence showing that the single application of capsaicin dose-dependently alleviated nociceptive hypersensitivity, and reduced the action potential firing in small-diameter neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in rats and mice. Pre-treatment with capsaicin reduced formalin-induced acute nocifensive behavior after a brief hyperalgesia in rats and mice. The inhibitory effects of capsaicin were calcium-dependent, and mediated by the capsaicin receptor (transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1). We further found that capsaicin exerted inhibitory effects on the persistent nociceptive hypersensitivity induced by peripheral inflammation and nerve injury. Thus, these results support the long-lasting and inhibitory effects of topical capsaicin on persistent pain, and the clinic use of capsaicin as a pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Fang-Xiong Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Fei Dong
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Lan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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33
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Primary afferent and spinal cord expression of gastrin-releasing peptide: message, protein, and antibody concerns. J Neurosci 2015; 35:648-57. [PMID: 25589759 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2955-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is continuing controversy relating to the primary afferent neurotransmitter that conveys itch signals to the spinal cord. Here, we investigated the DRG and spinal cord expression of the putative primary afferent-derived "itch" neurotransmitter, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP). Using ISH, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry, we conclude that GRP is expressed abundantly in spinal cord, but not in DRG neurons. Titration of the most commonly used GRP antiserum in tissues from wild-type and GRP mutant mice indicates that the antiserum is only selective for GRP at high dilutions. Paralleling these observations, we found that a GRPeGFP transgenic reporter mouse has abundant expression in superficial dorsal horn neurons, but not in the DRG. In contrast to previous studies, neither dorsal rhizotomy nor an intrathecal injection of capsaicin, which completely eliminated spinal cord TRPV1-immunoreactive terminals, altered dorsal horn GRP immunoreactivity. Unexpectedly, however, peripheral nerve injury induced significant GRP expression in a heterogeneous population of DRG neurons. Finally, dual labeling and retrograde tracing studies showed that GRP-expressing neurons of the superficial dorsal horn are predominantly interneurons, that a small number coexpress protein kinase C gamma (PKCγ), but that none coexpress the GRP receptor (GRPR). Our studies support the view that pruritogens engage spinal cord "itch" circuits via excitatory superficial dorsal horn interneurons that express GRP and that likely target GRPR-expressing interneurons. The fact that peripheral nerve injury induced de novo GRP expression in DRG neurons points to a novel contribution of this peptide to pruritoceptive processing in neuropathic itch conditions.
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34
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Hu F, Chen L, Che H, Fang J, Lv F, Li H, Zhang S, Guo C, Yin H, Zhang S, Zuo Y. Fasting serum CGRP levels are related to calcium concentrations, but cannot be elevated by short-term calcium/vitamin D supplementation. Neuropeptides 2015; 49:37-45. [PMID: 25499095 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is an important cardioprotective neuropeptide. Few studies have shown that calcium supplementation may increase CGRP levels transiently. However, the relationship between CGRP and calcium is poorly known. This study was to explore the correlation between serum calcium and CGRP in coronary artery disease (CAD), and observe whether short-term calcium/vitamin D supplementation would increase fasting serum CGRP. A randomized, placebo-controlled and double-blind clinical trial, and a supplementary study for further analysis of the correlations were conducted. The results showed that the correlation between serum calcium and CGRP was positive in CAD without myocardial infarction (MI) (r = 0.487, P = 0.029), but negative in acute and healing MI (r = -0.382, P = 0.003). Moreover, we found a positive correlation between lg (amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP) and CGRP (r = 0.312, P = 0.027), but a negative correlation between lg (NT-proBNP) and serum calcium (r = -0.316, P = 0.025) in acute and healing MI. As to the clinical trial, participants subjected to CAD but without evolving or acute MI, together with blood calcium ≤ 2.4 mmol/L, were randomized into three groups. Among the groups of placebo, caltrate (600 mg elemental calcium; 125 IU vitamin D3, per tablet) 1 tablet/d and caltrate 2 tablets/d, there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. After short-term (5 days) treatments, the results indicated that the effect of grouping was not statistically significant (P = 0.915). In conclusion, the correlations between serum calcium and CGRP in different types of CAD are inconsistent, and the main reason may be associated with elevated natriuretic peptides after acute MI. Further, our study shows that short-term calcium/vitamin D supplementation cannot significantly increase fasting serum CGRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fudong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lianglong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Hailan Che
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fenghua Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Surong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Changlei Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Honglei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shaoli Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yulan Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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35
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Wang F, Cai B, Li KC, Hu XY, Lu YJ, Wang Q, Bao L, Zhang X. FXYD2, a γ subunit of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase, maintains persistent mechanical allodynia induced by inflammation. Cell Res 2015; 25:318-34. [PMID: 25633594 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2015.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase (NKA) is required to generate the resting membrane potential in neurons. Nociceptive afferent neurons express not only the α and β subunits of NKA but also the γ subunit FXYD2. However, the neural function of FXYD2 is unknown. The present study shows that FXYD2 in nociceptive neurons is necessary for maintaining the mechanical allodynia induced by peripheral inflammation. FXYD2 interacted with α1NKA and negatively regulated the NKA activity, depolarizing the membrane potential of nociceptive neurons. Mechanical allodynia initiated in FXYD2-deficient mice was abolished 4 days after inflammation, whereas it persisted for at least 3 weeks in wild-type mice. Importantly, the FXYD2/α1NKA interaction gradually increased after inflammation and peaked on day 4 post inflammation, resulting in reduction of NKA activity, depolarization of neuron membrane and facilitation of excitatory afferent neurotransmission. Thus, the increased FXYD2 activity may be a fundamental mechanism underlying the persistent hypersensitivity to pain induced by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bing Cai
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kai-Cheng Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xu-Ye Hu
- Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences/XuHui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Jin Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lan Bao
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China [2] School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- 1] Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China [2] School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
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Abstract
As we all can easily differentiate the sensations of itch and pain, the most straightforward neurophysiologic concept would consist of two specific pathways that independently encode itch and pain. Indeed, a neuronal pathway for histamine-induced itch in the peripheral and central nervous system has been described in animals and humans, and recently several non-histaminergic pathways for itch have been discovered in rodents that support a dichotomous concept differentiated into a pain and an itch pathway, with both pathways being composed of different "flavors." Numerous markers and mediators have been found that are linked to itch processing pathways. Thus, the delineation of neuronal pathways for itch from pain pathways seemingly proves that all sensory aspects of itch are based on an itch-specific neuronal pathway. However, such a concept is incomplete as itch can also be induced by the activation of the pain pathway in particular when the stimulus is applied in a highly localized spatial pattern. These opposite views reflect the old dispute between specificity and pattern theories of itch. Rather than only being of theoretic interest, this conceptual problem has key implication for the strategy to treat chronic itch as key therapeutic targets would be either itch-specific pathways or unspecific nociceptive pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schmelz
- Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany,
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Abstract
In this chapter we discuss the many recent discoveries of the mechanisms by which itch is transmitted: the neurotransmitters and the responses they trigger, the mechanisms by which specific neuronal targets are activated, and the specificity of the pathways. Current data reveal that DRG neurons and spinal cord cells use a remarkably selective set of transmitters to convey pruritic information from the periphery to the brain: glutamate and Nppb are released from primary itch-sensory cells; these molecules activate secondary spinal cord pruriceptive-specific neurons, which in turn utilize Grp to activate tertiary pruriceptive-selective neurons. Intersecting this basic linear excitatory pathway, inhibitory input from dynorphin and neurons that express the somatostatin receptor modify itch sensation. Cumulatively, these studies paint an elegantly simple picture of how itch signals are transformed and integrated in the spinal cord and open new avenues for research efforts aimed at understanding and better treating itch.
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Lorenz JE, Kallenborn-Gerhardt W, Lu R, Syhr KMJ, Eaton P, Geisslinger G, Schmidtko A. Oxidant-induced activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase Iα mediates neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1504-15. [PMID: 24450940 PMCID: PMC4158966 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Emerging lines of evidence indicate that oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide exert specific signaling functions during the processing of chronic pain. However, the mechanisms by which oxidants regulate pain processing in vivo remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase Iα (cGKIα), which can be activated by oxidants independently of cGMP, serves as a primary redox target during pain processing. RESULTS After peripheral nerve injury, oxidant-induced cGKIα activation is increased in dorsal root ganglia of mice. Knock-in (KI) mice in which cGKIα cannot transduce oxidant signals demonstrated reduced neuropathic pain behaviors after peripheral nerve injury, and reduced pain behaviors after intrathecal delivery of oxidants. In contrast, acute nociceptive, inflammatory, and cGMP-induced pain behaviors were not impaired in these mice. INNOVATION Studying cGKIα KI mice, we provide the first evidence that oxidants activate cGKIα in sensory neurons after peripheral nerve injury in vivo. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that oxidant-induced activation of cGKIα specifically contributes to neuropathic pain processing, and that prevention of cGKIα redox activation could be a potential novel strategy to manage neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana E Lorenz
- 1 Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Zhao ZQ, Wan L, Liu XY, Huo FQ, Li H, Barry DM, Krieger S, Kim S, Liu ZC, Xu J, Rogers BE, Li YQ, Chen ZF. Cross-inhibition of NMBR and GRPR signaling maintains normal histaminergic itch transmission. J Neurosci 2014; 34:12402-14. [PMID: 25209280 PMCID: PMC4160775 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1709-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in the spinal cord is important for mediating nonhistaminergic itch. Neuromedin B receptor (NMBR), the second member of the mammalian bombesin receptor family, is expressed in a largely nonoverlapping pattern with GRPR in the superficial spinal cord, and its role in itch transmission remains unclear. Here, we report that Nmbr knock-out (KO) mice exhibited normal scratching behavior in response to intradermal injection of pruritogens. However, mice lacking both Nmbr and Grpr (DKO mice) showed significant deficits in histaminergic itch. In contrast, the chloroquine (CQ)-evoked scratching behavior of DKO mice is not further reduced compared with Grpr KO mice. These results suggest that NMBR and GRPR could compensate for the loss of each other to maintain normal histamine-evoked itch, whereas GRPR is exclusively required for CQ-evoked scratching behavior. Interestingly, GRPR activity is enhanced in Nmbr KO mice despite the lack of upregulation of Grpr expression; so is NMBR in Grpr KO mice. We found that NMB acts exclusively through NMBR for itch transmission, whereas GRP can signal through both receptors, albeit to NMBR to a much lesser extent. Although NMBR and NMBR(+) neurons are dispensable for histaminergic itch, GRPR(+) neurons are likely to act downstream of NMBR(+) neurons to integrate NMB-NMBR-encoded histaminergic itch information in normal physiological conditions. Together, we define the respective function of NMBR and GRPR in itch transmission, and reveal an unexpected relationship not only between the two receptors but also between the two populations of interneurons in itch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Qiu Zhao
- Center for the Study of Itch, and Departments of Anesthesiology
| | - Li Wan
- Center for the Study of Itch, and Departments of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, People's Republic of China, and
| | - Xian-Yu Liu
- Center for the Study of Itch, and Departments of Anesthesiology
| | - Fu-Quan Huo
- Center for the Study of Itch, and Departments of Anesthesiology
| | - Hui Li
- Center for the Study of Itch, and Departments of Anesthesiology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Devin M Barry
- Center for the Study of Itch, and Departments of Anesthesiology
| | | | - Seungil Kim
- Center for the Study of Itch, and Departments of Anesthesiology
| | - Zhong-Chun Liu
- Center for the Study of Itch, and Departments of Anesthesiology
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | | | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou-Feng Chen
- Center for the Study of Itch, and Departments of Anesthesiology, Psychiatry, Developmental Biology,
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40
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Guo S, Barringer F, Zois NE, Goetze JP, Ashina M. Natriuretic peptides and cerebral hemodynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 192-193:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
Chemicals that are used experimentally to evoke itch elicit activity in diverse subpopulations of cutaneous pruriceptive neurons, all of which also respond to painful stimuli. However, itch is distinct from pain: it evokes different behaviours, such as scratching, and originates from the skin or certain mucosae but not from muscle, joints or viscera. New insights regarding the neurons that mediate the sensation of itch have been gained from experiments in which gene expression has been manipulated in different types of pruriceptive neurons as well as from comparisons between psychophysical measurements of itch and the neuronal discharges and other properties of peripheral and central pruriceptive neurons.
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Zhao ZQ, Huo FQ, Jeffry J, Hampton L, Demehri S, Kim S, Liu XY, Barry DM, Wan L, Liu ZC, Li H, Turkoz A, Ma K, Cornelius LA, Kopan R, Battey JF, Zhong J, Chen ZF. Chronic itch development in sensory neurons requires BRAF signaling pathways. J Clin Invest 2014; 123:4769-80. [PMID: 24216512 DOI: 10.1172/jci70528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic itch, or pruritus, is associated with a wide range of skin abnormalities. The mechanisms responsible for chronic itch induction and persistence remain unclear. We developed a mouse model in which a constitutively active form of the serine/threonine kinase BRAF was expressed in neurons gated by the sodium channel Nav1.8 (BRAF(Nav1.8) mice). We found that constitutive BRAF pathway activation in BRAF(Nav1.8) mice results in ectopic and enhanced expression of a cohort of itch-sensing genes, including gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and MAS-related GPCR member A3 (MRGPRA3), in nociceptors expressing transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). BRAF(Nav1.8) mice showed de novo neuronal responsiveness to pruritogens, enhanced pruriceptor excitability, and heightened evoked and spontaneous scratching behavior. GRP receptor expression was increased in the spinal cord, indicating augmented coding capacity for itch subsequent to amplified pruriceptive inputs. Enhanced GRP expression and sustained ERK phosphorylation were observed in sensory neurons of mice with allergic contact dermatitis– or dry skin–elicited itch; however, spinal ERK activation was not required for maintaining central sensitization of itch. Inhibition of either BRAF or GRP signaling attenuated itch sensation in chronic itch mouse models. These data uncover RAF/MEK/ERK signaling as a key regulator that confers a subset of nociceptors with pruriceptive properties to initiate and maintain long-lasting itch sensation.
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43
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Bautista DM, Wilson SR, Hoon MA. Why we scratch an itch: the molecules, cells and circuits of itch. Nat Neurosci 2014; 17:175-82. [PMID: 24473265 PMCID: PMC4364402 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Itch is described as an irritating sensation that triggers a desire to scratch. However, this definition hardly seems fitting for the millions of people who suffer from intractable itch. Indeed, the Buddhist philosopher Nāgārjuna more aptly stated, "There is pleasure when an itch is scratched. But to be without an itch is more pleasurable still." Chronic itch is widespread and very difficult to treat. In this review we focus on the molecules, cells and circuits in the peripheral and central nervous systems that drive acute and chronic itch transmission. Understanding the itch circuitry is critical to developing new therapies for this intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Bautista
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA. [2] Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sarah R Wilson
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA. [2] Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mark A Hoon
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Liu XY, Wan L, Huo FQ, Barry DM, Li H, Zhao ZQ, Chen ZF. B-type natriuretic peptide is neither itch-specific nor functions upstream of the GRP-GRPR signaling pathway. Mol Pain 2014; 10:4. [PMID: 24438367 PMCID: PMC3930899 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-10-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent study by Mishra and Hoon identified B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) as an important peptide for itch transmission and proposed that BNP activates spinal natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA) expressing neurons, which release gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) to activate GRP receptor (GRPR) expressing neurons to relay itch information from the periphery to the brain (Science 340:968-971, 2013). A central premise for the validity of this novel pathway is the absence of GRP in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. To this end, they showed that Grp mRNA in DRG neurons is either absent or barely detectable and claimed that BNP but not GRP is a major neurotransmitter for itch in pruriceptors. They showed that NPRA immunostaining is perfectly co-localized with Grp-eGFP in the spinal cord, and a few acute pain behaviors in Nppb-/- mice were tested. They claimed that BNP is an itch-selective peptide that acts as the first station of a dedicated neuronal pathway comprising a GRP-GRPR cascade for itch. However, our studies, along with the others, do not support their claims. FINDINGS We were unable to reproduce the immunostaining of BNP and NPRA as shown by Mishra and Hoon. By contrast, we were able to detect Grp mRNA in DRGs using in situ hybridization and real time RT-PCR. We show that the expression pattern of Grp mRNA is comparable to that of GRP protein in DRGs. Pharmacological and genetic blockade of GRP-GRPR signaling does not significantly affect intrathecal BNP-induced scratching behavior. We show that BNP inhibits inflammatory pain and morphine analgesia. CONCLUSIONS Accumulating evidence demonstrates that GRP is a key neurotransmitter in pruriceptors for mediating histamine-independent itch. BNP-NPRA signaling is involved in both itch and pain and does not function upstream of the GRP-GRPR dedicated neuronal pathway. The site of BNP action in itch and pain and its relationship with GRP remain to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhou-Feng Chen
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine Pain Center, St, Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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45
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Abstract
The itch-scratch reflex serves as a protective mechanism in everyday life. However, chronic persistent itching can be devastating. Despite the clinical importance of the itch sensation, its mechanism remains elusive. In the past decade, substantial progress has been made to uncover the mystery of itching. Here, we review the molecules, cells, and circuits known to mediate the itch sensation, which, coupled with advances in understanding the pathophysiology of chronic itching conditions, will hopefully contribute to the development of new anti-itch therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Han
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205;
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205;
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46
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Lu R, Lukowski R, Sausbier M, Zhang DD, Sisignano M, Schuh CD, Kuner R, Ruth P, Geisslinger G, Schmidtko A. BKCa channels expressed in sensory neurons modulate inflammatory pain in mice. Pain 2013; 155:556-565. [PMID: 24333777 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channels are important regulators of neuronal excitability. Although there is electrophysiological evidence for BKCa channel expression in sensory neurons, their in vivo functions in pain processing have not been fully defined. Using a specific antibody, we demonstrate here that BKCa channels are expressed in subpopulations of peptidergic and nonpeptidergic nociceptors. To test a functional association of BKCa channel activity in sensory neurons with particular pain modalities, we generated mice in which BKCa channels are ablated specifically from sensory neurons and analyzed their behavior in various models of pain. Mutant mice showed increased nociceptive behavior in models of persistent inflammatory pain. However, their behavior in models of neuropathic or acute nociceptive pain was normal. Moreover, systemic administration of the BKCa channel opener, NS1619, inhibited persistent inflammatory pain. Our investigations provide in vivo evidence that BKCa channels expressed in sensory neurons exert inhibitory control on sensory input in inflammatory pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Lu
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Pharmakologie, Toxikologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Institut für Pharmazie, Tübingen, Germany Pharmakologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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47
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Vilotti S, Marchenkova A, Ntamati N, Nistri A. B-type natriuretic peptide-induced delayed modulation of TRPV1 and P2X3 receptors of mouse trigeminal sensory neurons. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81138. [PMID: 24312267 PMCID: PMC3842315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Important pain transducers of noxious stimuli are small- and medium-diameter sensory neurons that express transient receptor vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) channels and/or adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-gated P2X3 receptors whose activity is upregulated by endogenous neuropeptides in acute and chronic pain models. Little is known about the role of endogenous modulators in restraining the expression and function of TRPV1 and P2X3 receptors. In dorsal root ganglia, evidence supports the involvement of the natriuretic peptide system in the modulation of nociceptive transmission especially via the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) that activates the natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A) to downregulate sensory neuron excitability. Since the role of BNP in trigeminal ganglia (TG) is unclear, we investigated the expression of BNP in mouse TG in situ or in primary cultures and its effect on P2X3 and TRPV1 receptors of patch-clamped cultured neurons. Against scant expression of BNP, almost all neurons expressed NPR-A at membrane level. While BNP rapidly increased cGMP production and Akt kinase phosphorylation, there was no early change in passive neuronal properties or responses to capsaicin, α,β-meATP or GABA. Nonetheless, 24 h application of BNP depressed TRPV1 mediated currents (an effect blocked by the NPR-A antagonist anantin) without changing responses to α,β-meATP or GABA. Anantin alone decreased basal cGMP production and enhanced control α,β-meATP-evoked responses, implying constitutive regulation of P2X3 receptors by ambient BNP. These data suggest a slow modulatory action by BNP on TRPV1 and P2X3 receptors outlining the role of this peptide as a negative regulator of trigeminal sensory neuron excitability to nociceptive stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vilotti
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna Marchenkova
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Niels Ntamati
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Nistri
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- * E-mail:
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48
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Podda MV, Grassi C. New perspectives in cyclic nucleotide-mediated functions in the CNS: the emerging role of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels. Pflugers Arch 2013; 466:1241-57. [PMID: 24142069 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides play fundamental roles in the central nervous system (CNS) under both physiological and pathological conditions. The impact of cAMP and cGMP signaling on neuronal and glial cell functions has been thoroughly characterized. Most of their effects have been related to cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity. However, cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels, first described as key mediators of sensory transduction in retinal and olfactory receptors, have been receiving increasing attention as possible targets of cyclic nucleotides in the CNS. In the last 15 years, consistent evidence has emerged for their expression in neurons and astrocytes of the rodent brain. Far less is known, however, about the functional role of CNG channels in these cells, although several of their features, such as Ca(2+) permeability and prolonged activation in the presence of cyclic nucleotides, make them ideal candidates for mediators of physiological functions in the CNS. Here, we review literature suggesting the involvement of CNG channels in a number of CNS cellular functions (e.g., regulation of membrane potential, neuronal excitability, and neurotransmitter release) as well as in more complex phenomena, like brain plasticity, adult neurogenesis, and pain sensitivity. The emerging picture is that functional and dysfunctional cyclic nucleotide signaling in the CNS has to be reconsidered including CNG channels among possible targets. However, concerted efforts and multidisciplinary approaches are still needed to get more in-depth knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Podda
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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Potent and direct presynaptic modulation of glycinergic transmission in rat spinal neurons by atrial natriuretic peptide. Brain Res Bull 2013; 99:19-26. [PMID: 24060848 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) exist in the central nervous system and modulate neuronal function, although the locus of actions and physiological mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study we used rat spinal sacral dorsal commissural nucleus (SDCN) and hippocampal 'synaptic bouton' preparations, to record both spontaneous and evoked glycinergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs and eIPSCs) in SDCN neurons, and the evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) in hippocampal CA3 neurons. ANP potently and significantly reduced the sIPSC frequency without affecting the amplitude. ANP also potently reduced the eIPSCs amplitude concurrently increasing the failure rate and the paired pulse ratio response. These ANP actions were blocked by anantin, a specific type A natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-A) antagonist. The results clearly indicate that ANP acts directly on glycinergic presynaptic nerve terminals to inhibit glycine release via presynaptic NPR-A. The ANP effects were not blocked by the membrane permeable cGMP analog (8Br-cGMP) suggesting a transduction mechanisms not simply related to increasing cGMP levels in nerve terminals. BNP did not affect on glycinergic sIPSCs and eIPSCs. Moreover, both ANP and BNP had no effect on glutamatergic EPSCs in hippocampal CA3 neurons. The results indicate a potent and selective presynaptic inhibitory action of ANP on glycinergic transmission in spinal cord sensory circuits.
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50
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Activin A: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Characterizing and Stopping Joint Pain Early in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Inflammation 2013; 37:170-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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