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Menéndez-Delmestre R, Agosto-Rivera JL, González-Segarra AJ, Segarra AC. Cocaine sensitization in male rats requires activation of estrogen receptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.07.579327. [PMID: 38370714 PMCID: PMC10871307 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.07.579327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Gonadal steroids play a modulatory role in cocaine use disorders, and are responsible for many sex differences observed in the behavioral response to cocaine. In females, it is well established that estradiol enhances the behavioral response to cocaine. In males, we have recently shown that testosterone enhances sensitization to cocaine but its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. The current study investigated the contribution of DHT, a non-aromatizable androgen, and of estradiol, in regulating cocaine-induced sensitization in male rats. Gonadectomized (GDX) male rats treated with estradiol sensitized to repeated cocaine administration, while GDX rats treated with DHT did not, implicating estradiol in cocaine sensitization. Furthermore, intact male rats treated with the antiestrogen ICI 182,780 did not show sensitization to repeated cocaine. This study demonstrates the pivotal role of estradiol in cocaine-induced neuroplasticity and neuroadaptations in the rodent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa Menéndez-Delmestre
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-5067
| | - José L. Agosto-Rivera
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, PO Box 23360, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3360
| | - Amanda J González-Segarra
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Annabell C. Segarra
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-5067
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Wallace CW, Holleran KM, Slinkard CY, Centanni SW, Jones SR. Kappa Opioid Receptors Negatively Regulate Real Time Spontaneous Dopamine Signals by Reducing Release and Increasing Uptake. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.05.578840. [PMID: 38370660 PMCID: PMC10871279 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.05.578840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The role of the dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system in dopamine (DA) regulation has been extensively investigated. KOR activation reduces extracellular DA concentrations and increases DA transporter (DAT) activity and trafficking to the membrane. To explore KOR influences on real-time DA fluctuations, we used the photosensor dLight1.2 with fiber photometry in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core of freely moving male and female C57BL/6 mice. First, we established that the rise and fall of spontaneous DA signals were due to DA release and reuptake, respectively. Then mice were systemically administered the KOR agonist U50,488H (U50), with or without pretreatment with the KOR antagonist aticaprant (ATIC). U50 reduced both the amplitude and width of spontaneous signals in males, but only reduced width in females. Further, the slope of the correlation between amplitude and width was increased in both sexes, suggesting that DA uptake rates were increased. U50 also reduced the frequency of signals in both males and females. All effects of KOR activation were stronger in males. Overall, KORs exerted significant inhibitory control over spontaneous DA signaling, acting through at least three mechanisms - inhibiting DA release, promoting DAT-mediated uptake, and reducing the frequency of signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner W Wallace
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Katherine M Holleran
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Clare Y Slinkard
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Samuel W Centanni
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Sara R Jones
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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3
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van de Wetering R, Ewald A, Welsh S, Kornberger L, Williamson SE, McElroy BD, Butelman ER, Prisinzano TE, Kivell BM. The Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist 16-Bromo Salvinorin A Has Anti-Cocaine Effects without Significant Effects on Locomotion, Food Reward, Learning and Memory, or Anxiety and Depressive-like Behaviors. Molecules 2023; 28:4848. [PMID: 37375403 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists have preclinical antipsychostimulant effects; however, adverse side effects have limited their therapeutic development. In this preclinical study, conducted in Sprague Dawley rats, B6-SJL mice, and non-human primates (NHPs), we evaluated the G-protein-biased analogue of salvinorin A (SalA), 16-bromo salvinorin A (16-BrSalA), for its anticocaine effects, side effects, and activation of cellular signaling pathways. 16-BrSalA dose-dependently decreased the cocaine-primed reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in a KOR-dependent manner. It also decreased cocaine-induced hyperactivity, but had no effect on responding for cocaine on a progressive ratio schedule. Compared to SalA, 16-BrSalA had an improved side effect profile, with no significant effects in the elevated plus maze, light-dark test, forced swim test, sucrose self-administration, or novel object recognition; however, it did exhibit conditioned aversive effects. 16-BrSalA increased dopamine transporter (DAT) activity in HEK-293 cells coexpressing DAT and KOR, as well as in rat nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatal tissue. 16-BrSalA also increased the early phase activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, as well as p38 in a KOR-dependent manner. In NHPs, 16-BrSalA caused dose-dependent increases in the neuroendocrine biomarker prolactin, similar to other KOR agonists, at doses without robust sedative effects. These findings highlight that G-protein-biased structural analogues of SalA can have improved pharmacokinetic profiles and fewer side effects while maintaining their anticocaine effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross van de Wetering
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Amy Ewald
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Susan Welsh
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Lindsay Kornberger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Samuel E Williamson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Bryan D McElroy
- Laboratory on the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eduardo R Butelman
- Laboratory on the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas E Prisinzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Bronwyn M Kivell
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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4
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Littlepage-Saunders M, Hochstein MJ, Chang DS, Johnson KA. G protein-coupled receptor modulation of striatal dopamine transmission: Implications for psychoactive drug effects. Br J Pharmacol 2023:10.1111/bph.16151. [PMID: 37258878 PMCID: PMC10687321 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine transmission in the striatum is a critical mediator of the rewarding and reinforcing effects of commonly misused psychoactive drugs. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that bind a variety of neuromodulators including dopamine, endocannabinoids, acetylcholine and endogenous opioid peptides regulate dopamine release by acting on several components of dopaminergic circuitry. Striatal dopamine release can be driven by both somatic action potential firing and local mechanisms that depend on acetylcholine released from striatal cholinergic interneurons. GPCRs that primarily regulate somatic firing of dopamine neurons via direct effects or modulation of synaptic inputs are likely to affect distinct aspects of behaviour and psychoactive drug actions compared with those GPCRs that primarily regulate local acetylcholine-dependent dopamine release in striatal regions. This review will highlight mechanisms by which GPCRs modulate dopaminergic transmission and the relevance of these findings to psychoactive drug effects on physiology and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mydirah Littlepage-Saunders
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J Hochstein
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Doris S Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kari A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Evaluation of the Intracellular Signaling Activities of κ-Opioid Receptor Agonists, Nalfurafine Analogs; Focusing on the Selectivity of G-Protein- and β-Arrestin-Mediated Pathways. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207065. [PMID: 36296658 PMCID: PMC9611050 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid receptors (ORs) are classified into three types (μ, δ, and κ), and opioid analgesics are mainly mediated by μOR activation; however, their use is sometimes restricted by unfavorable effects. The selective κOR agonist nalfurafine was initially developed as an analgesic, but its indication was changed because of the narrow safety margin. The activation of ORs mainly induces two intracellular signaling pathways: a G-protein-mediated pathway and a β-arrestin-mediated pathway. Recently, the expectations for κOR analgesics that selectively activate these pathways have increased; however, the structural properties required for the selectivity of nalfurafine are still unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the partial structures of nalfurafine that are necessary for the selectivity of these two pathways. We assayed the properties of nalfurafine and six nalfurafine analogs (SYKs) using cells stably expressing κORs. The SYKs activated κORs in a concentration-dependent manner with higher EC50 values than nalfurafine. Upon bias factor assessment, only SYK-309 (possessing the 3S-hydroxy group) showed higher selectivity of G-protein-mediated signaling activities than nalfurafine, suggesting the direction of the 3S-hydroxy group may affect the β-arrestin-mediated pathway. In conclusion, nalfurafine analogs having a 3S-hydroxy group, such as SYK-309, could be considered G-protein-biased κOR agonists.
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A possible anti-anxiety effect of appetitive aggression and a possible link to the work of Donald Winnicott. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2022; 10:102-113. [PMID: 36133733 PMCID: PMC9454322 DOI: 10.2478/sjcapp-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pleasant sensations that give a particularly intense pleasure are able to improve anxiety. In the present study I consider the possibility that their anti-anxiety action depends on the strong pleasure they provide, and I propose a possible mechanism of this action. According to some studies, also appetitive aggression (an aggression that provokes a strong pleasure and that is performed only for the pleasure it provides) can improve anxiety, and in this article I consider the possibility that the pleasure of appetitive aggression is able to reduce anxiety by the same mechanism I have proposed for other intense pleasurable sensations. The aggression performed by a child against the mother or against a substitute for the mother in the first period of life (a period in which this aggression is not dangerous) is a recurring theme throughout the work of of Donald Winnicott. Winnicott stresses that this aggression is necessary for the normal development of the child, and that the child must be free to practise it. According to Winnicott, this aggression is highly pleasurable and is not a response to unpleasant or hostile external situations. For these characteristics it seems to correspond to appetitive aggression in the adult that has been found to be able to reduce anxiety. Consequently, aggression performed by the child in the first period of life may also relieve anxiety, in the same way that appetitive aggression helps against anxiety in the adult. In his writings, Winnicott returns several times to an unthinkable or archaic anxiety that children experience when they feel abandoned by their mother for a period that is too long for them, and all children, according to Winnicott, live on the brink of this anxiety. In this study I propose the hypothesis that aggression in the early period of life may be necessary for children because the intense pleasure it provides may help them against this continuously impending anxiety.
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7
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Escobar AP, Meza R, Gonzalez M, Henny P, Andrés ME. Immunolocalization of kappa opioid receptors in the axon initial segment of a group of embryonic mesencephalic dopamine neurons. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 12:411-418. [PMID: 35746971 PMCID: PMC9210487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine mesolimbic system is a major circuit involved in controlling goal-directed behaviors. Dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) and kappa opioid receptors (KOR) are abundant Gi protein-coupled receptors in the mesolimbic system. D2R and KOR share several functions in dopamine mesencephalic neurons, such as regulation of dopamine release and uptake, and firing of dopamine neurons. In addition, KOR and D2R modulate each other functioning. This evidence indicates that both receptors functionally interact, however, their colocalization in the mesostriatal system has not been addressed. Immunofluorescent assays were performed in cultured dopamine neurons and adult mice’s brain tissue to answer this question. We observed that KOR and D2R are present in similar density in dendrites and soma of cultured dopamine neurons, but in a segregated manner. Interestingly, KOR immunolabelling was observed in the first part of the axon, colocalizing with Ankyrin in 20% of cultured dopamine neurons, indicative that KOR is present in the axon initial segment (AIS) of a group of dopaminergic neurons. In the adult brain, KOR and D2R are also segregated in striatal tissue. While the KOR label is in fiber tracts such as the striatal streaks, corpus callosum, and anterior commissure, D2R is located mainly within the striatum and nucleus accumbens, surrounding fiber tracts. D2R is also localized in some fibers that are mostly different from those positives for KOR. In conclusion, KOR and D2R are present in the soma and dendrites of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons, but KOR is also found in the AIS of a subpopulation of these neurons. KOR and D2R localize in cell bodies of primary cultured TH neurons. In primary cultured TH neurons KOR localizes in axon initial segment. KOR and D2R co-localize in cell bodies of the CPu and NAc.
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8
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Best KM, Mojena MM, Barr GA, Schmidt HD, Cohen AS. Endogenous Opioid Dynorphin Is a Potential Link between Traumatic Brain Injury, Chronic Pain, and Substance Use Disorder. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:1-19. [PMID: 34751584 PMCID: PMC8978570 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem associated with numerous physical and neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Chronic pain is prevalent and interferes with post-injury functioning and quality of life, whereas substance use disorder (SUD) is the third most common neuropsychiatric diagnosis after TBI. Neither of these conditions has a clear mechanistic explanation based on the known pathophysiology of TBI. Dynorphin is an endogenous opioid neuropeptide that is significantly dysregulated after TBI. Both dynorphin and its primary receptor, the ĸ-opioid receptor (KOR), are implicated in the neuropathology of chronic pain and SUD. Here, we review the known roles of dynorphin and KORs in chronic pain and SUDs. We synthesize this information with our current understanding of TBI and highlight potential mechanistic parallels between and across conditions that suggest a role for dynorphin in long-term sequelae after TBI. In pain studies, dynorphin/KOR activation has either antinociceptive or pro-nociceptive effects, and there are similarities between the signaling pathways influenced by dynorphin and those underlying development of chronic pain. Moreover, the dynorphin/KOR system is considered a key regulator of the negative affective state that characterizes drug withdrawal and protracted abstinence in SUD, and molecular and neurochemical changes observed during the development of SUD are mirrored by the pathophysiology of TBI. We conclude by proposing hypotheses and directions for future research aimed at elucidating the potential role of dynorphin/KOR in chronic pain and/or SUD after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M. Best
- Department of Nursing and Clinical Care Services, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marissa M. Mojena
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gordon A. Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Heath D. Schmidt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Akiva S. Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Address correspondence to: Akiva S. Cohen, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Room 816-I, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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9
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Trofimova I. Contingent Tunes of Neurochemical Ensembles in the Norm and Pathology: Can We See the Patterns? Neuropsychobiology 2021; 80:101-133. [PMID: 33721867 DOI: 10.1159/000513688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Progress in the development of DSM/ICD taxonomies has revealed limitations of both label-based and dimensionality approaches. These approaches fail to address the contingent, nonlinear, context-dependent, and transient nature of those biomarkers linked to specific symptoms of psychopathology or to specific biobehavioural traits of healthy people (temperament). The present review aims to highlight the benefits of a functional constructivism approach in the analysis of neurochemical biomarkers underlying temperament and psychopathology. METHOD A review was performed. RESULTS Eight systems are identified, and 7 neurochemical ensembles are described in detail. None of these systems is represented by a single neurotransmitter; all of them work in ensembles with each other. The functionality and relationships of these systems are presented here in association with their roles in action construction, with brief examples of psychopathology. The review introduces formal symbols for these systems to facilitate their more compact analysis in the future. CONCLUSION This analysis demonstrates the possibility of constructivism-based unifying taxonomies of temperament (in the framework of the neurochemical model functional ensemble of temperament) and classifications of psychiatric disorders. Such taxonomies would present the biobehavioural individual differences as consistent behavioural patterns generated within a formally structured space of parameters related to the generation of behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Trofimova
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,
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10
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Zan GY, Wang YJ, Li XP, Fang JF, Yao SY, Du JY, Wang Q, Sun X, Liu R, Shao XM, Long JD, Chai JR, Deng YZ, Chen YQ, Li QL, Fang JQ, Liu ZQ, Liu JG. Amygdalar κ-opioid receptor-dependent upregulating glutamate transporter 1 mediates depressive-like behaviors of opioid abstinence. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109913. [PMID: 34731618 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Opiates produce a strong rewarding effect, but abstinence from opiate use emerges with severe negative emotions. Depression is one of the most frequent emotion disorders associated with opiate abstinence, which is thought to be a main cause for relapse. However, neurobiological bases of such an aversive emotion processing are poorly understood. Here, we find that morphine abstinence activates κ-opioid receptors (KORs) by increasing endogenous KOR ligand dynorphin expression in the amygdala, which in turn facilitates glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) expression by activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Upregulation of GLT1 expression contributes to opiate-abstinence-elicited depressive-like behaviors through modulating amygdalar glutamatergic inputs to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Intra-amygdala injection of GLT1 inhibitor DHK or knockdown of GLT1 expression in the amygdala significantly suppresses morphine-abstinence-induced depressive-like behaviors. Pharmacological and pharmacogenetic activation of amygdala-NAc projections prevents morphine-abstinence-induced behaviors. Overall, our study provides key molecular and circuit insights into the mechanisms of depression associated with opiate abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ying Zan
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xue-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun-Fan Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Song-Yu Yao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun-Ying Du
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Shao
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jian-Dong Long
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing-Rui Chai
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying-Zhi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ye-Qing Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Qing-Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jing-Gen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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11
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Copits BA, Gowrishankar R, O'Neill PR, Li JN, Girven KS, Yoo JJ, Meshik X, Parker KE, Spangler SM, Elerding AJ, Brown BJ, Shirley SE, Ma KKL, Vasquez AM, Stander MC, Kalyanaraman V, Vogt SK, Samineni VK, Patriarchi T, Tian L, Gautam N, Sunahara RK, Gereau RW, Bruchas MR. A photoswitchable GPCR-based opsin for presynaptic inhibition. Neuron 2021; 109:1791-1809.e11. [PMID: 33979635 PMCID: PMC8194251 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Optical manipulations of genetically defined cell types have generated significant insights into the dynamics of neural circuits. While optogenetic activation has been relatively straightforward, rapid and reversible synaptic inhibition has proven more elusive. Here, we leveraged the natural ability of inhibitory presynaptic GPCRs to suppress synaptic transmission and characterize parapinopsin (PPO) as a GPCR-based opsin for terminal inhibition. PPO is a photoswitchable opsin that couples to Gi/o signaling cascades and is rapidly activated by pulsed blue light, switched off with amber light, and effective for repeated, prolonged, and reversible inhibition. PPO rapidly and reversibly inhibits glutamate, GABA, and dopamine release at presynaptic terminals. Furthermore, PPO alters reward behaviors in a time-locked and reversible manner in vivo. These results demonstrate that PPO fills a significant gap in the neuroscience toolkit for rapid and reversible synaptic inhibition and has broad utility for spatiotemporal control of inhibitory GPCR signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Copits
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Raaj Gowrishankar
- Center of Excellence in the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Patrick R O'Neill
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Semel Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jun-Nan Li
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kasey S Girven
- Center of Excellence in the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Judy J Yoo
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xenia Meshik
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kyle E Parker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Skylar M Spangler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abigail J Elerding
- Center of Excellence in the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bobbie J Brown
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sofia E Shirley
- Center of Excellence in the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly K L Ma
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexis M Vasquez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M Christine Stander
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sherri K Vogt
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vijay K Samineni
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - N Gautam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Roger K Sunahara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert W Gereau
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Center of Excellence in the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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12
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Pérez-Valenzuela EJ, Andrés Coke ME, Grace AA, Fuentealba Evans JA. Adolescent Exposure to WIN 55212-2 Render the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Pathway Activated During Adulthood. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 23:626-637. [PMID: 32710782 PMCID: PMC7710918 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During adolescence, neuronal circuits exhibit plasticity in response to physiological changes and to adapt to environmental events. Nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways are in constant flux during development. Evidence suggests a relationship between early use of cannabinoids and psychiatric disorders characterized by altered dopaminergic systems, such as schizophrenia and addiction. However, the impact of adolescent exposure to cannabinoids on nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways in adulthood remains unclear. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of repeated activation of cannabinoid receptors during adolescence on dopaminergic activity of nigrostriatal pathways and the mechanisms underlying this impact during adulthood. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 1.2 mg/kg WIN 55212-2 daily from postnatal day 40 to 65. Then no-net flux microdialysis of dopamine in the dorsolateral striatum, electrophysiological recording of dopaminergic neuronal activity, and microdialysis measures of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate in substantia nigra par compacta were carried out during adulthood (postnatal days 72-78). RESULTS Repeated activation of cannabinoid receptors during adolescence increased the release of dopamine in dorsolateral striatum accompanied by increased population activity of dopamine neurons and decreased extracellular GABA levels in substantia nigra par compacta in adulthood. Furthermore, perfusion of bicuculline, a GABAa antagonist, into the ventral pallidum reversed the increased dopamine neuron population activity in substantia nigra par compacta induced by adolescent cannabinoid exposure. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that adolescent exposure to cannabinoid agonists produces disinhibition of nigrostriatal dopamine transmission during adulthood mediated by decreased GABAergic input from the ventral pallidum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Javier Pérez-Valenzuela
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, and Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - María Estela Andrés Coke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, and Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - José Antonio Fuentealba Evans
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Correspondence: José Antonio Fuentealba, PhD, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile ()
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13
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Rosa HZ, Segat HJ, Barcelos RCS, Roversi K, Rossato DR, de Brum GF, Burger ME. Involvement of the endogenous opioid system in the beneficial influence of physical exercise on amphetamine-induced addiction parameters. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 197:173000. [PMID: 32702398 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Psychostimulant drugs addiction is a chronic public health problem and individuals remain susceptible to relapses increasing public expenses even after withdrawal and treatment. Our research group has focused on finding new therapies to be employed in drug addiction treatment, suggesting the physical exercise as a promising tool. This way, it is necessary to know the mechanisms involved in the beneficial influences of physical exercise observing the pathway that could be explored in drug addiction treatment. Male Wistar rats were conditioned with amphetamine (AMPH) following the conditioned place preference (CPP) protocol and subsequently submitted to swimming for 5 weeks (1 h per day, 5 days per week). Half of the animals were injected with Naloxone (0.3 mg/mL/kg body weight, i.p.) 5 min prior each physical exercise day. After AMPH-CPP re-exposure, our outcomes showed that physical exercise, in addition to minimizing the relapse behavior in the CPP, it increased D1R, D2R and DAT in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA), but not in the Nucleus accumbens (NAc). Interestingly, while naloxone inhibited the partial beneficial influence of the exercise on drug-relapse behavior, exercise-induced changes in the dopaminergic system were not observed in the group administered with naloxone as well. Based on these evidences, besides reinforcing the beneficial influence of the physical exercise on AMPH-induced drug addiction, we propose the involvement of endogenous opioid system activation, not as a single one, but as a possible mechanism of action resulting from the physical activity practice, thus characterizing an important therapeutic approach, which may contribute to drug withdrawal consequently preventing relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Z Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - H J Segat
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - R C S Barcelos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Kr Roversi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - D R Rossato
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - G F de Brum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M E Burger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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14
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Mercadante S, Romualdi P. The Therapeutic Potential of Novel Kappa Opioid Receptor-based Treatments. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2012-2020. [PMID: 30666905 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190121142459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Similarly to the μ opioid receptor, kappa opioid receptor (KOR), is present either in the central nervous system or in peripheral tissues. In the last years, several molecules, able to interact with KOR, have been the focus of basic research for their therapeutic potential in the field of chronic pain, as well as in depression, autoimmune disorders and neurological diseases. DISCUSSION The role of KOR system and the consequent clinical effects derived by its activation or inhibition are discussed. Their potential therapeutic utilization in conditions of stress and drug relapse, besides chronic pain, is presented here, including the possible use of KORagonists in drug addiction. Moreover, the potential role of KOR-antagonists, KOR agonistantagonists and peripheral KOR agonists is proposed. CONCLUSION Other than pain, KORs have a role in regulating reward and mood. Due to its location, KORs seem to mediate interactions between psychiatric disorders, addiction and depression. Experimental studies in animal models have identified brain mechanisms that may contribute to clarify specific pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Mercadante
- Pain Relief & Palliative/Supportive Care Unit, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romualdi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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15
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Escobar ADP, Casanova JP, Andrés ME, Fuentealba JA. Crosstalk Between Kappa Opioid and Dopamine Systems in Compulsive Behaviors. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:57. [PMID: 32132923 PMCID: PMC7040183 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The strength of goal-oriented behaviors is regulated by midbrain dopamine neurons. Dysfunctions of dopaminergic circuits are observed in drug addiction and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compulsive behavior is a feature that both disorders share, which is associated to a heightened dopamine neurotransmission. The activity of midbrain dopamine neurons is principally regulated by the homeostatic action of dopamine through D2 receptors (D2R) that decrease the firing of neurons as well as dopamine synthesis and release. Dopamine transmission is also regulated by heterologous neurotransmitter systems such as the kappa opioid system, among others. Much of our current knowledge of the kappa opioid system and its influence on dopamine transmission comes from preclinical animal models of brain diseases. In 1988, using cerebral microdialysis, it was shown that the acute activation of the Kappa Opioid Receptors (KOR) decreases synaptic levels of dopamine in the striatum. This inhibitory effect of KOR opposes to the facilitating influence of drugs of abuse on dopamine release, leading to the proposition of the use of KOR agonists as pharmacological therapy for compulsive drug intake. Surprisingly, 30 years later, KOR antagonists are instead proposed to treat drug addiction. What may have happened during these years that generated this drastic change of paradigm? The collected evidence suggested that the effect of KOR on synaptic dopamine levels is complex, depending on the frequency of KOR activation and timing with other incoming stimuli to dopamine neurons, as well as sex and species differences. Conversely to its acute effect, chronic KOR activation seems to facilitate dopamine neurotransmission and dopamine-mediated behaviors. The opposing actions exerted by acute versus chronic KOR activation have been associated with an initial aversive and a delayed rewarding effect, during the exposure to drugs of abuse. Compulsive behaviors induced by repeated activation of D2R are also potentiated by the sustained co-activation of KOR, which correlates with decreased synaptic levels of dopamine and sensitized D2R. Thus, the time-dependent activation of KOR impacts directly on dopamine levels affecting the tuning of motivated behaviors. This review analyzes the contribution of the kappa opioid system to the dopaminergic correlates of compulsive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Del Pilar Escobar
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - José Patricio Casanova
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Núcleo Milenio NUMIND Biology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - María Estela Andrés
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Antonio Fuentealba
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Littlejohn BP, Price DM, Neuendorff DA, Carroll JA, Vann RC, Riggs PK, Riley DG, Long CR, Randel RD, Welsh TH. Influence of prenatal transportation stress-induced differential DNA methylation on the physiological control of behavior and stress response in suckling Brahman bull calves. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skz368. [PMID: 31807776 PMCID: PMC6986441 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to examine potential differential methylation of DNA as a mechanism for altered behavioral and stress responses in prenatally stressed (PNS) compared with nonprenatally stressed (Control) young bull calves. Mature Brahman cows (n = 48) were transported for 2-h periods at 60 ± 5, 80 ± 5, 100 ± 5, 120 ± 5, and 140 ± 5 d of gestation (Transported group) or maintained as nontransported Controls (n = 48). From the offspring born to Transported and Control cows, a subset of 28-d-old intact bulls (n = 7 PNS; n = 7 Control) were evaluated for methylation of DNA of behavior and stress response-associated genes. Methylation of DNA from white blood cells was assessed via reduced representation bisulfite sequencing methods. Because increased methylation of DNA within gene promoter regions has been associated with decreased transcriptional activity of the corresponding gene, differentially methylated (P ≤ 0.05) CG sites (cytosine followed by a guanine nucleotide) located within promoter regions (n = 1,205) were used to predict (using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software) alterations to canonical pathways in PNS compared with Control bull calves. Among differentially methylated genes (P ≤ 0.05) related to behavior and the stress response were OPRK1, OPRM1, PENK, POMC, NR3C2, TH, DRD1, DRD5, COMT, HTR6, HTR5A, GABRA4, GABRQ, and GAD2. Among altered (P < 0.05) signaling pathways related to behavior and the stress response were Opioid Signaling, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Signaling, Dopamine Receptor Signaling, Dopamine-DARPP32 Feedback in cAMP Signaling, Serotonin Receptor Signaling, and GABA Receptor Signaling. Alterations to behavior and stress response-related genes and canonical pathways supported previously observed elevations in temperament score and serum cortisol through weaning in the larger population of PNS calves from which bulls in this study were derived. Differential methylation of DNA and predicted alterations to behavior and stress response-related pathways in PNS compared with Control bull calves suggest epigenetic programming of behavior and the stress response in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni P Littlejohn
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center, Overton, TX
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX
| | - Deborah M Price
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center, Overton, TX
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX
| | | | | | - Rhonda C Vann
- Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Raymond, MS
| | - Penny K Riggs
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX
| | - David G Riley
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX
| | - Charles R Long
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center, Overton, TX
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX
| | | | - Thomas H Welsh
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX
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17
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Kaski SW, White AN, Gross JD, Trexler KR, Wix K, Harland AA, Prisinzano TE, Aubé J, Kinsey SG, Kenakin T, Siderovski DP, Setola V. Preclinical Testing of Nalfurafine as an Opioid-sparing Adjuvant that Potentiates Analgesia by the Mu Opioid Receptor-targeting Agonist Morphine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:487-499. [PMID: 31492823 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.255661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mu opioid receptor (MOR)-targeting analgesics are efficacious pain treatments, but notorious for their abuse potential. In preclinical animal models, coadministration of traditional kappa opioid receptor (KOR)-targeting agonists with MOR-targeting analgesics can decrease reward and potentiate analgesia. However, traditional KOR-targeting agonists are well known for inducing antitherapeutic side effects (psychotomimesis, depression, anxiety, dysphoria). Recent data suggest that some functionally selective, or biased, KOR-targeting agonists might retain the therapeutic effects of KOR activation without inducing undesirable side effects. Nalfurafine, used safely in Japan since 2009 for uremic pruritus, is one such functionally selective KOR-targeting agonist. Here, we quantify the bias of nalfurafine and several other KOR agonists relative to an unbiased reference standard (U50,488) and show that nalfurafine and EOM-salvinorin-B demonstrate marked G protein-signaling bias. While nalfurafine (0.015 mg/kg) and EOM-salvinorin-B (1 mg/kg) produced spinal antinociception equivalent to 5 mg/kg U50,488, only nalfurafine significantly enhanced the supraspinal analgesic effect of 5 mg/kg morphine. In addition, 0.015 mg/kg nalfurafine did not produce significant conditioned place aversion, yet retained the ability to reduce morphine-induced conditioned place preference in C57BL/6J mice. Nalfurafine and EOM-salvinorin-B each produced robust inhibition of both spontaneous and morphine-stimulated locomotor behavior, suggesting a persistence of sedative effects when coadministered with morphine. Taken together, these findings suggest that nalfurafine produces analgesic augmentation, while also reducing opioid-induced reward with less risk of dysphoria. Thus, adjuvant administration of G protein-biased KOR agonists like nalfurafine may be beneficial in enhancing the therapeutic potential of MOR-targeting analgesics, such as morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane W Kaski
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (S.W.K., A.N.W., J.D.G., K.W., D.P.S., V.S.), Neuroscience, and Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry (V.S.), West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Psychology, West Virginia University Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia (K.R.T., S.G.K.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas (T.E.P.); Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (A.A.H., J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Allison N White
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (S.W.K., A.N.W., J.D.G., K.W., D.P.S., V.S.), Neuroscience, and Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry (V.S.), West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Psychology, West Virginia University Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia (K.R.T., S.G.K.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas (T.E.P.); Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (A.A.H., J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Joshua D Gross
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (S.W.K., A.N.W., J.D.G., K.W., D.P.S., V.S.), Neuroscience, and Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry (V.S.), West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Psychology, West Virginia University Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia (K.R.T., S.G.K.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas (T.E.P.); Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (A.A.H., J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Kristen R Trexler
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (S.W.K., A.N.W., J.D.G., K.W., D.P.S., V.S.), Neuroscience, and Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry (V.S.), West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Psychology, West Virginia University Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia (K.R.T., S.G.K.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas (T.E.P.); Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (A.A.H., J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Kim Wix
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (S.W.K., A.N.W., J.D.G., K.W., D.P.S., V.S.), Neuroscience, and Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry (V.S.), West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Psychology, West Virginia University Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia (K.R.T., S.G.K.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas (T.E.P.); Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (A.A.H., J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Aubrie A Harland
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (S.W.K., A.N.W., J.D.G., K.W., D.P.S., V.S.), Neuroscience, and Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry (V.S.), West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Psychology, West Virginia University Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia (K.R.T., S.G.K.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas (T.E.P.); Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (A.A.H., J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Thomas E Prisinzano
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (S.W.K., A.N.W., J.D.G., K.W., D.P.S., V.S.), Neuroscience, and Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry (V.S.), West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Psychology, West Virginia University Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia (K.R.T., S.G.K.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas (T.E.P.); Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (A.A.H., J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (S.W.K., A.N.W., J.D.G., K.W., D.P.S., V.S.), Neuroscience, and Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry (V.S.), West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Psychology, West Virginia University Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia (K.R.T., S.G.K.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas (T.E.P.); Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (A.A.H., J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Steven G Kinsey
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (S.W.K., A.N.W., J.D.G., K.W., D.P.S., V.S.), Neuroscience, and Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry (V.S.), West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Psychology, West Virginia University Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia (K.R.T., S.G.K.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas (T.E.P.); Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (A.A.H., J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Terry Kenakin
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (S.W.K., A.N.W., J.D.G., K.W., D.P.S., V.S.), Neuroscience, and Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry (V.S.), West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Psychology, West Virginia University Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia (K.R.T., S.G.K.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas (T.E.P.); Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (A.A.H., J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - David P Siderovski
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (S.W.K., A.N.W., J.D.G., K.W., D.P.S., V.S.), Neuroscience, and Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry (V.S.), West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Psychology, West Virginia University Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia (K.R.T., S.G.K.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas (T.E.P.); Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (A.A.H., J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Vincent Setola
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (S.W.K., A.N.W., J.D.G., K.W., D.P.S., V.S.), Neuroscience, and Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry (V.S.), West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Psychology, West Virginia University Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia (K.R.T., S.G.K.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas (T.E.P.); Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (A.A.H., J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
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Pérez-Valenzuela E, Castillo-Faúndez R, Fuentealba J. Comparing dopaminergic dynamics in the dorsolateral striatum between adolescent and adult rats: Effect of an acute dose of WIN55212-2. Brain Res 2019; 1719:235-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dynorphin/kappa-opioid receptor control of dopamine dynamics: Implications for negative affective states and psychiatric disorders. Brain Res 2019; 1713:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lee DB, Woo YS, Bahk WM. Naltrexone-associated Visual Hallucinations: A Case Report. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 17:329-331. [PMID: 30905136 PMCID: PMC6478085 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2019.17.2.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Naltrexone is a competitive antagonist of μ, δ, and κ opioid receptors. Naltrexone has been investigated for use an as anti-obesity agent in both the general population and in patients with severe mental illness, including schizophrenia. In patients with schizophrenia, however, potential psychotic symptoms due to adverse effects of naltrexone have not been investigated. Our case study, a relevant case report, and some related articles suggest that naltrexone might be associated with the emergence of visual hallucinations, which clinicians should be aware of.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Bo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Forensic Hospital
| | - Young Sup Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Won-Myong Bahk
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
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Kappa Opioid Receptors Drive a Tonic Aversive Component of Chronic Pain. J Neurosci 2019; 39:4162-4178. [PMID: 30862664 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0274-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a multidimensional experience and negative affect, or how much the pain is "bothersome", significantly impacts the sufferers' quality of life. It is well established that the κ opioid system contributes to depressive and dysphoric states, but whether this system contributes to the negative affect precipitated by the occurrence of chronic pain remains tenuous. Using a model of persistent pain, we show by quantitative real-time-PCR, florescence in situ hybridization, Western blotting and GTPgS autoradiography an upregulation of expression and the function of κ opioid receptors (KORs) and its endogenous ligand dynorphin in the mesolimbic circuitry in animals with chronic pain compared with surgical controls. Using in vivo microdialysis and microinjection of drugs into the mesolimbic dopamine system, we demonstrate that inhibiting KORs reinstates evoked dopamine release and reward-related behaviors in chronic pain animals. Chronic pain enhanced KOR agonist-induced place aversion in a sex-dependent manner. Using various place preference paradigms, we show that activation of KORs drives pain aversive states in male but not female mice. However, KOR antagonist treatment was effective in alleviating anxiogenic and depressive affective-like behaviors in both sexes. Finally, ablation of KORs from dopamine neurons using AAV-TH-cre in KORloxP mice prevented pain-induced aversive states as measured by place aversion assays. Our results strongly support the use of KOR antagonists as therapeutic adjuvants to alleviate the emotional, tonic-aversive component of chronic pain, which is argued to be the most significant component of the pain experience that impacts patients' quality of life.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We show that KORs are sufficient to drive the tonic-aversive component of chronic pain; the emotional component of pain that is argued to significantly impact a patient's quality of life. The impact of our study is broadly relevant to affective disorders associated with disruption of reward circuitry and thus likely contributes to many of the devastating sequelae of chronic pain, including the poor response to treatment of many patients, debilitating affective disorders (other disorders including anxiety and depression that demonstrate high comorbidity with chronic pain) and substance abuse. Indeed, coexisting psychopathology increases pain intensity, pain-related disability and effectiveness of treatments (Jamison and Edwards, 2013).
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Yamaguchi H, Mano N. Analysis of membrane transport mechanisms of endogenous substrates using chromatographic techniques. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4495. [PMID: 30661254 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane transporters are expressed in various bodily tissues and play essential roles in the homeostasis of endogenous substances and the absortion, distribution and/or excretion of xenobiotics. For transporter assays, radioisotope-labeled compounds have been mainly used. However, commercially available radioisotope-labeled compounds are limited in number and relatively expensive. Chromatographic analyses such as high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorptiometry and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry have also been applied for transport assays. To elucidate the transport properties of endogenous substrates, although there is no difficulty in performing assays using radioisotope-labeled probes, the endogenous background and the metabolism of the compound after its translocation across cell membranes must be considered when the intact compound is assayed. In this review, the current state of knowledge about the transport of endogenous substrates via membrane transporters as determined by chromatographic techniques is summarized. Chromatographic techniques have contributed to our understanding of the transport of endogenous substances including amino acids, catecholamines, bile acids, prostanoids and uremic toxins via membrane transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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23
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Azocar VH, Sepúlveda G, Ruiz C, Aguilera C, Andrés ME, Fuentealba JA. The blocking of kappa‐opioid receptor reverses the changes in dorsolateral striatum dopamine dynamics during the amphetamine sensitization. J Neurochem 2018; 148:348-358. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Azocar
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Gladys Sepúlveda
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Catalina Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Consuelo Aguilera
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Maria Estela Andrés
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology Faculty of Biological Science Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - José Antonio Fuentealba
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago Chile
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Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist Mesyl Sal B Attenuates Behavioral Sensitization to Cocaine with Fewer Aversive Side-Effects than Salvinorin A in Rodents. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102602. [PMID: 30314288 PMCID: PMC6222496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The acute activation of kappa opioid receptors (KOPr) produces antinociceptive and anti-cocaine effects, however, their side-effects have limited further clinical development. Mesyl Sal B is a potent and selective KOPr analogue of Salvinorin A (Sal A), a psychoactive natural product isolated from the plant Salvia divinorum. We assessed the antinociceptive, anti-cocaine, and side-effects of Mesyl Sal B. The anti-cocaine effects are evaluated in cocaine-induced hyperactivity and behavioral sensitization to cocaine in male Sprague Dawley rats. Mesyl Sal B was assessed for anhedonia (conditioned taste aversion), aversion (conditioned place aversion), pro-depressive effects (forced swim test), anxiety (elevated plus maze) and learning and memory deficits (novel object recognition). In male B6.SJL mice, the antinociceptive effects were evaluated in warm-water (50 °C) tail withdrawal and intraplantar formaldehyde (2%) assays and the sedative effects measured with the rotarod performance task. Mesyl Sal B (0.3 mg/kg) attenuated cocaine-induced hyperactivity and behavioral sensitization to cocaine without modulating sucrose self-administration and without producing aversion, sedation, anxiety, or learning and memory impairment in rats. However, increased immobility was observed in the forced swim test indicating pro-depressive effects. Mesyl Sal B was not as potent as Sal A at reducing pain in the antinociceptive assays. In conclusion, Mesyl Sal B possesses anti-cocaine effects, is longer acting in vivo and has fewer side-effects when compared to Sal A, however, the antinociceptive effects are limited.
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Estrogen Regulation of GRK2 Inactivates Kappa Opioid Receptor Signaling Mediating Analgesia, But Not Aversion. J Neurosci 2018; 38:8031-8043. [PMID: 30076211 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0653-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of κ opioid receptors (KORs) produces analgesia and aversion via distinct intracellular signaling pathways, but whether G protein-biased KOR agonists can be designed to have clinical utility will depend on a better understanding of the signaling mechanisms involved. We found that KOR activation produced conditioned place aversion and potentiated CPP for cocaine in male and female C57BL/6N mice. Consistent with this, males and females both showed arrestin-mediated increases in phospho-p38 MAPK following KOR activation. Unlike in males, however, KOR activation had inconsistent analgesic effects in females and KOR increased Gβγ-mediated ERK phosphorylation in males, but not females. KOR desensitization was not responsible for the lack of response in females because neither Grk3 nor Pdyn gene knock-out enhanced analgesia. Instead, responsiveness was estrous cycle dependent because KOR analgesia was evident during low estrogen phases of the cycle and in ovariectomized (OVX) females. Estradiol treatment of OVX females suppressed KOR-mediated analgesia, demonstrating that estradiol was sufficient to blunt Gβγ-mediated KOR signals. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is known to regulate ERK activation, and we found that the inhibitory, phosphorylated form of GRK2 was significantly higher in intact females. GRK2/3 inhibition by CMPD101 increased KOR stimulation of phospho-ERK in females, decreased sex differences in KOR-mediated inhibition of dopamine release, and enhanced mu opioid receptor and KOR-mediated analgesia in females. In OVX females, estradiol increased the association between GRK2 and Gβγ. These studies suggest that estradiol, through increased phosphorylation of GRK2 and possible sequestration of Gβγ by GRK2, blunts G protein-mediated signals.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Chronic pain disorders are more prevalent in females than males, but opioid receptor agonists show inconsistent analgesic efficacy in females. κ opioid receptor (KOR) agonists have been tested in clinical trials for treating pain disorders based on their analgesic properties and low addictive potential. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in KOR actions were previously unknown. Our studies identify an intracellular mechanism involving estradiol regulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 that is responsible for sexually dimorphic analgesic responses following opioid receptor activation. Understanding this mechanism will be critical for developing effective nonaddictive opioid analgesics for use in women and characterizing sexually dimorphic effects in other inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor signaling responses.
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A single, extinction-based treatment with a kappa opioid receptor agonist elicits a long-term reduction in cocaine relapse. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1492-1497. [PMID: 29472645 PMCID: PMC5983548 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-017-0006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists have known anti-addiction properties and can reduce drug seeking. Their potential for clinical use has largely been daunted by their aversive properties mediated through p38 MAPK signaling. Here we examined the therapeutic potential of the KOR agonist U50,488 (U50) to reduce cocaine seeking in a self-administration model. Following cocaine self-administration and 7 days of forced home-cage abstinence, rats were administered a single dose of U50 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior to the first extinction training session, wherein cocaine and the discrete cocaine-paired cues were no longer available. U50 reduced cocaine seeking on this first extinction session, but did not alter extinction training over subsequent days. 2 weeks after U50 treatment, rats underwent a test of cue-induced reinstatement, and rats that had received U50 reinstated less than controls. Central inhibition of p38 MAPK at the time of U50 administration prevented its long-term therapeutic effect on reinstatement, but not its acute reduction in drug seeking on extinction day 1. The long-term therapeutic effect of U50 required operant extinction during U50 exposure, extended to cocaine-primed reinstatement, and was not mimicked by another aversive drug, lithium chloride (LiCl). These data suggest U50 elicits its long-term anti-relapse effects through a KOR-p38 MAPK-specific aversive counterconditioning of the operant cocaine-seeking response. A single, albeit aversive treatment that is able to reduce relapse long-term warrants further consideration of the therapeutic potential of KOR agonists in the treatment of addiction.
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Uhari-Väänänen J, Raasmaja A, Bäckström P, Oinio V, Carroll FI, Airavaara M, Kiianmaa K, Piepponen P. The κ-opioid receptor antagonist JDTic decreases ethanol intake in alcohol-preferring AA rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1581-1591. [PMID: 29492614 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Studies suggest that the κ-opioidergic system becomes overactivated as ethanol use disorders develop. Nalmefene, a currently approved treatment for ethanol use disorders, may also elicit some of its main effects via the κ-opioidergic system. However, the exact role of κ-opioid receptors on regulating ethanol intake and contribution to the development of ethanol addiction remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of accumbal κ-opioid receptors in controlling ethanol intake in alcohol-preferring Alko Alcohol (AA) rats. METHODS Microinfusions of the long-acting and selective κ-opioid receptor antagonist JDTic (1-15 μg/site) were administered bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens shell of AA rats voluntarily consuming 10% ethanol solution in the intermittent, time-restricted two-bottle choice access paradigm. JDTic (10 mg/kg) was also administered subcutaneously. Both the acute and long-term effects of the treatment on ethanol intake were examined. As a reference, nor-BNI (3 μg/site) was administered intra-accumbally. RESULTS Systemically administered JDTic decreased ethanol intake significantly 2 days and showed a similar trend 4 days after administration. Furthermore, intra-accumbally administered JDTic showed a weak decreasing effect on ethanol intake long-term but had no acute effects. Intra-accumbal administration of nor-BNI tended to decrease ethanol intake. CONCLUSIONS The results provide further evidence that κ-opioid receptors play a role in controlling ethanol intake and that accumbal κ-opioid receptors participate in the modulation of the reinforcing effects of ethanol. Furthermore, the results suggest that κ-opioid receptor antagonists may be a valuable adjunct in the pharmacotherapy of ethanol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Uhari-Väänänen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Atso Raasmaja
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Bäckström
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Oinio
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - F Ivy Carroll
- RTI International, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kalervo Kiianmaa
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petteri Piepponen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Erga AH, Dalen I, Ushakova A, Chung J, Tzoulis C, Tysnes OB, Alves G, Pedersen KF, Maple-Grødem J. Dopaminergic and Opioid Pathways Associated with Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2018. [PMID: 29541058 PMCID: PMC5835501 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are frequent non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), with potential negative effects on the quality of life and social functioning. ICDs are closely associated with dopaminergic therapy, and genetic polymorphisms in several neurotransmitter pathways may increase the risk of addictive behaviors in PD. However, clinical differentiation between patients at risk and patients without risk of ICDs is still troublesome. The aim of this study was to investigate if genetic polymorphisms across several neurotransmitter pathways were associated with ICD status in patients with PD. Methods Whole-exome sequencing data were available for 119 eligible PD patients from the Norwegian ParkWest study. All participants underwent comprehensive neurological, neuropsychiatric, and neuropsychological assessments. ICDs were assessed using the self-report short form version of the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in PD. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 17 genes were subjected to regression with elastic net penalization to identify candidate variants associated with ICDs. The area under the curve of receiver-operating characteristic curves was used to evaluate the level of ICD prediction. Results Among the 119 patients with PD included in the analysis, 29% met the criteria for ICD and 63% were using dopamine agonists (DAs). Eleven SNPs were associated with ICDs, and the four SNPs with the most robust performance significantly increased ICD predictability (AUC = 0.81, 95% CI 0.73–0.90) compared to clinical data alone (DA use and age; AUC = 0.65, 95% CI 0.59–0.78). The strongest predictive factors were rs5326 in DRD1, which was associated with increased odds of ICDs, and rs702764 in OPRK1, which was associated with decreased odds of ICDs. Conclusion Using an advanced statistical approach, we identified SNPs in nine genes, including a novel polymorphism in DRD1, with potential application for the identification of PD patients at risk for ICDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander H Erga
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ingvild Dalen
- Department of Research, Section of Biostatistics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Anastasia Ushakova
- Department of Research, Section of Biostatistics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Janete Chung
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Charalampos Tzoulis
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole Bjørn Tysnes
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Guido Alves
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Kenn Freddy Pedersen
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jodi Maple-Grødem
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,The Centre for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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A Possible Link between Anxiety and Schizophrenia and a Possible Role of Anhedonia. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2018; 2018:5917475. [PMID: 29593903 PMCID: PMC5822762 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5917475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the prodromal phase of schizophrenia, severe alterations of the visual appearance of the environment have been found, accompanied by a state of intense anxiety. The present study considers the possibility that these alterations really exist in the appearance of objects, but that healthy people do not see them. The image of the world that we see is continuously deformed and fragmented by foreshortenings, partial overlapping, and so on and must be constantly reassembled and interpreted; otherwise, it could change so much that we would hardly recognize it. Since pleasure has been found to be involved in visual and cognitive information processing, the possibility is considered that anhedonia (the reduction of the ability to feel pleasure) might interfere with the correct reconstruction and interpretation of the image of the environment and alter its appearance. The possibility is also considered that these alterations might make the environment hostile, might at times evoke the sensation of being trapped by a predator, and might be the cause of the anxiety that accompanies them. According to some authors, they might also induce delusional ideas, in an attempt to restore meaning in a world that has become chaotic and frightening.
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Milanesi LH, Roversi K, Antoniazzi CT, Segat HJ, Kronbauer M, D'avila LF, Dias VT, Sari MH, Barcelos RC, Maurer LH, Emanuelli T, Burger ME, Trevizol F. Toxicological aspects of the interesterified-fat from processed foods: Influences on opioid system and its reward effects in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 110:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Erli F, Guerrieri E, Ben Haddou T, Lantero A, Mairegger M, Schmidhammer H, Spetea M. Highly Potent and Selective New Diphenethylamines Interacting with the κ-Opioid Receptor: Synthesis, Pharmacology, and Structure-Activity Relationships. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7579-7590. [PMID: 28825813 PMCID: PMC5601360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported on a series of small molecules targeting the κ-opioid (KOP) receptor featuring a diphenethylamine scaffold and showed the promise of these ligands as effective analgesics with reduced liability for adverse effects. This study expands the structure-activity relationships on our original series by presenting several modifications in the lead compounds 1 (HS665) and 2 (HS666). A library of new diphenethylamines was designed, synthesized, and pharmacologically evaluated. In comparison with 1 and 2, the KOP receptor affinity, selectivity, and agonist activity were modulated by introducing bulkier N-substituents, a 2-fluoro substitution, and additional hydroxyl groups at positions 3' and 4'. Several analogues showed subnanomolar affinity and excellent KOP receptor selectivity acting as full or partial agonists, and one as an antagonist. The new diphenethylamines displayed antinociceptive efficacies with increased potencies than U50,488, 1 and 2 in the writhing assay and without inducing motor dysfunction after sc administration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Erli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elena Guerrieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tanila Ben Haddou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Aquilino Lantero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Mairegger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helmut Schmidhammer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariana Spetea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Escobar AP, González MP, Meza RC, Noches V, Henny P, Gysling K, España RA, Fuentealba JA, Andrés ME. Mechanisms of Kappa Opioid Receptor Potentiation of Dopamine D2 Receptor Function in Quinpirole-Induced Locomotor Sensitization in Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:660-669. [PMID: 28531297 PMCID: PMC5569963 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased locomotor activity in response to the same stimulus is an index of behavioral sensitization observed in preclinical models of drug addiction and compulsive behaviors. Repeated administration of quinpirole, a D2/D3 dopamine agonist, induces locomotor sensitization. This effect is potentiated and accelerated by co-administration of U69593, a kappa opioid receptor agonist. The mechanism underlying kappa opioid receptor potentiation of quinpirole-induced locomotor sensitization remains to be elucidated. Methods Immunofluorescence anatomical studies were undertaken in mice brain slices and rat presynaptic synaptosomes to reveal kappa opioid receptor and D2R pre- and postsynaptic colocalization in the nucleus accumbens. Tonic and phasic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of rats repeatedly treated with U69593 and quinpirole was assessed by microdialysis and fast scan cyclic voltammetry. Results Anatomical data show that kappa opioid receptor and D2R colocalize postsynaptically in medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens and the highest presynaptic colocalization occurs on the same dopamine terminals. Significantly reduced dopamine levels were observed in quinpirole, and U69593-quinpirole treated rats, explaining sensitization of D2R. Presynaptic inhibition induced by kappa opioid receptor and D2R of electrically evoked dopamine release was faster in U69593-quinpirole compared with quinpirole-repeatedly treated rats. Conclusions Pre- and postsynaptic colocalization of kappa opioid receptor and D2R supports a role for kappa opioid receptor potentiating both the D2R inhibitory autoreceptor function and the inhibitory action of D2R on efferent medium spiny neurons. Kappa opioid receptor co-activation accelerates D2R sensitization by contributing to decrease dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica P Escobar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - Marcela P González
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - Rodrigo C Meza
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - Verónica Noches
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - Pablo Henny
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - Katia Gysling
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - Rodrigo A España
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - José A Fuentealba
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
| | - María E Andrés
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Escobar, Ms González, and Drs Noches, Gysling, and Andrés); Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, NeuroUC, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr Meza and Dr Henny); Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr España); Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Dr Fuentealba)
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Fouyssac M, Everitt BJ, Belin D. Cellular basis of the intrastriatal functional shifts that underlie the development of habits: relevance for drug addiction. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Brust TF, Morgenweck J, Kim SA, Rose JH, Locke JL, Schmid CL, Zhou L, Stahl EL, Cameron MD, Scarry SM, Aubé J, Jones SR, Martin TJ, Bohn LM. Biased agonists of the kappa opioid receptor suppress pain and itch without causing sedation or dysphoria. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra117. [PMID: 27899527 PMCID: PMC5231411 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aai8441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Agonists targeting the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) have been promising therapeutic candidates because of their efficacy for treating intractable itch and relieving pain. Unlike typical opioid narcotics, KOR agonists do not produce euphoria or lead to respiratory suppression or overdose. However, they do produce dysphoria and sedation, side effects that have precluded their clinical development as therapeutics. KOR signaling can be fine-tuned to preferentially activate certain pathways over others, such that agonists can bias signaling so that the receptor signals through G proteins rather than other effectors such as βarrestin2. We evaluated a newly developed G protein signaling-biased KOR agonist in preclinical models of pain, pruritis, sedation, dopamine regulation, and dysphoria. We found that triazole 1.1 retained the antinociceptive and antipruritic efficacies of a conventional KOR agonist, yet it did not induce sedation or reductions in dopamine release in mice, nor did it produce dysphoria as determined by intracranial self-stimulation in rats. These data demonstrated that biased agonists may be used to segregate physiological responses downstream of the receptor. Moreover, the findings suggest that biased KOR agonists may present a means to treat pain and intractable itch without the side effects of dysphoria and sedation and with reduced abuse potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarsis F Brust
- Departments of Molecular Therapeutics and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jenny Morgenweck
- Departments of Molecular Therapeutics and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Susy A Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jamie H Rose
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jason L Locke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Cullen L Schmid
- Departments of Molecular Therapeutics and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Departments of Molecular Therapeutics and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Edward L Stahl
- Departments of Molecular Therapeutics and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Michael D Cameron
- Departments of Molecular Therapeutics and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Sarah M Scarry
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sara R Jones
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Thomas J Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Laura M Bohn
- Departments of Molecular Therapeutics and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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Increased expression of proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNAs in the nucleus accumbens of compulsive methamphetamine taking rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37002. [PMID: 27841313 PMCID: PMC5108042 DOI: 10.1038/srep37002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Addiction is associated with neuroadaptive changes in the brain. In the present paper, we used a model of methamphetamine self-administration during which we used footshocks to divide rats into animals that continue to press a lever to get methamphetamine (shock-resistant) and those that significantly reduce pressing the lever (shock-sensitive) despite the shocks. We trained male Sprague-Dawley rats to self-administer methamphetamine (0.1 mg/kg/infusion) for 9 hours daily for 20 days. Control group self-administered saline. Subsequently, methamphetamine self-administration rats were punished by mild electric footshocks for 10 days with gradual increases in shock intensity. Two hours after stopping behavioral experiments, we euthanized rats and isolated nucleus accumbens (NAc) samples. Affymetrix Array experiments revealed 24 differentially expressed genes between the shock-resistant and shock-sensitive rats, with 15 up- and 9 downregulated transcripts. Ingenuity pathway analysis showed that these transcripts belong to classes of genes involved in nervous system function, behavior, and disorders of the basal ganglia. These genes included prodynorphin (PDYN) and proenkephalin (PENK), among others. Because PDYN and PENK are expressed in dopamine D1- and D2-containing NAc neurons, respectively, these findings suggest that mechanisms, which impact both cell types may play a role in the regulation of compulsive methamphetamine taking by rats.
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Rose JH, Karkhanis AN, Steiniger-Brach B, Jones SR. Distinct Effects of Nalmefene on Dopamine Uptake Rates and Kappa Opioid Receptor Activity in the Nucleus Accumbens Following Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081216. [PMID: 27472317 PMCID: PMC5000614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of pharmacotherapeutics that reduce relapse to alcohol drinking in patients with alcohol dependence is of considerable research interest. Preclinical data support a role for nucleus accumbens (NAc) κ opioid receptors (KOR) in chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure-induced increases in ethanol intake. Nalmefene, a high-affinity KOR partial agonist, reduces drinking in at-risk patients and relapse drinking in rodents, potentially due to its effects on NAc KORs. However, the effects of nalmefene on accumbal dopamine transmission and KOR function are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of nalmefene on dopamine transmission and KORs using fast scan cyclic voltammetry in NAc brain slices from male C57BL/6J mice following five weeks of CIE or air exposure. Nalmefene concentration-dependently reduced dopamine release similarly in air and CIE groups, suggesting that dynorphin tone may not be present in brain slices. Further, nalmefene attenuated dopamine uptake rates to a greater extent in brain slices from CIE-exposed mice, suggesting that dopamine transporter-KOR interactions may be fundamentally altered following CIE. Additionally, nalmefene reversed the dopamine-decreasing effects of a maximal concentration of a KOR agonist selectively in brain slices of CIE-exposed mice. It is possible that nalmefene may attenuate withdrawal-induced increases in ethanol consumption by modulation of dopamine transmission through KORs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie H Rose
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Anushree N Karkhanis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | | | - Sara R Jones
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Karkhanis AN, Huggins KN, Rose JH, Jones SR. Switch from excitatory to inhibitory actions of ethanol on dopamine levels after chronic exposure: Role of kappa opioid receptors. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:190-197. [PMID: 27450094 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute ethanol exposure is known to stimulate the dopamine system; however, chronic exposure has been shown to downregulate the dopamine system. In rodents, chronic intermittent exposure (CIE) to ethanol also increases negative affect during withdrawal, such as, increases in anxiety- and depressive-like behavior. Moreover, CIE exposure results in increased ethanol drinking and preference during withdrawal. Previous literature documents reductions in CIE-induced anxiety-, depressive-like behaviors and ethanol intake in response to kappa opioid receptor (KOR) blockade. KORs are located on presynaptic dopamine terminals in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and inhibit release, an effect which has been linked to negative affective behaviors. Previous reports show an upregulation in KOR function following extended CIE exposure; however it is not clear whether there is a direct link between KOR upregulation and dopamine downregulation during withdrawal from CIE. This study aimed to examine the effects of KOR modulation on dopamine responses to ethanol of behaving mice exposed to air or ethanol vapor in a repeated intermittent pattern. First, we showed that KORs have a greater response to an agonist after moderate CIE compared to air exposed mice using ex vivo fast scan cyclic voltammetry. Second, using in vivo microdialysis, we showed that, in contrast to the expected increase in extracellular levels of dopamine following an acute ethanol challenge in air exposed mice, CIE exposed mice exhibited a robust decrease in dopamine levels. Third, we showed that blockade of KORs reversed the aberrant inhibitory dopamine response to ethanol in CIE exposed mice while not affecting the air exposed mice demonstrating that inhibition of KORs "rescued" dopamine responses in CIE exposed mice. Taken together, these findings indicate that augmentation of dynorphin/KOR system activity drives the reduction in stimulated (electrical and ethanol) dopamine release in the NAc. Thus, blockade of KORs is a promising avenue for developing pharmacotherapies for alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree N Karkhanis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Translational Center for the Neurobehavioral Study of Alcohol, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly N Huggins
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jamie H Rose
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sara R Jones
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Translational Center for the Neurobehavioral Study of Alcohol, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Hoffman AF, Spivak CE, Lupica CR. Enhanced Dopamine Release by Dopamine Transport Inhibitors Described by a Restricted Diffusion Model and Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:700-9. [PMID: 27018734 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) using carbon fiber electrodes is widely used to rapidly monitor changes in dopamine (DA) levels in vitro and in vivo. Current analytical approaches utilize parameters such as peak oxidation current amplitude and decay times to estimate release and uptake processes, respectively. However, peak amplitude changes are often observed with uptake inhibitors, thereby confounding the interpretation of these parameters. To overcome this limitation, we demonstrate that a simple five-parameter, two-compartment model mathematically describes DA signals as a balance of release (r/ke) and uptake (ku), summed with adsorption (kads and kdes) of DA to the carbon electrode surface. Using nonlinear regression, we demonstrate that our model precisely describes measured DA signals obtained in brain slice recordings. The parameters extracted from these curves were then validated using pharmacological manipulations that selectively alter vesicular release or DA transporter (DAT)-mediated uptake. Manipulation of DA release through altering the Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ratio or adding tetrodotoxin reduced the release parameter with no effect on the uptake parameter. DAT inhibitors methylenedioxypyrovalerone, cocaine, and nomifensine significantly reduced uptake and increased vesicular DA release. In contrast, a low concentration of amphetamine reduced uptake but had no effect on DA release. Finally, the kappa opioid receptor agonist U50,488 significantly reduced vesicular DA release but had no effect on uptake. Together, these data demonstrate a novel analytical approach to distinguish the effects of manipulations on DA release or uptake that can be used to interpret FSCV data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F. Hoffman
- Electrophysiology Research
Section, Cellular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Charles E. Spivak
- Electrophysiology Research
Section, Cellular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Carl R. Lupica
- Electrophysiology Research
Section, Cellular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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Dynorphin Controls the Gain of an Amygdalar Anxiety Circuit. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2774-83. [PMID: 26997280 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kappa opioid receptors (KORs) are involved in a variety of aversive behavioral states, including anxiety. To date, a circuit-based mechanism for KOR-driven anxiety has not been described. Here, we show that activation of KORs inhibits glutamate release from basolateral amygdala (BLA) inputs to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and occludes the anxiolytic phenotype seen with optogenetic activation of BLA-BNST projections. In addition, deletion of KORs from amygdala neurons results in an anxiolytic phenotype. Furthermore, we identify a frequency-dependent, optically evoked local dynorphin-induced heterosynaptic plasticity of glutamate inputs in the BNST. We also find that there is cell type specificity to the KOR modulation of the BLA-BNST input with greater KOR-mediated inhibition of BLA dynorphin-expressing neurons. Collectively, these results provide support for a model in which local dynorphin release can inhibit an anxiolytic pathway, providing a discrete therapeutic target for the treatment of anxiety disorders.
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Mongi-Bragato B, Zamponi E, García-Keller C, Assis MA, Virgolini MB, Mascó DH, Zimmer A, Cancela LM. Enkephalin is essential for the molecular and behavioral expression of cocaine sensitization. Addict Biol 2016; 21:326-38. [PMID: 25431310 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral sensitization to cocaine is associated to neuroadaptations that contribute to addiction. Enkephalin is highly expressed in mesocorticolimbic areas associated with cocaine-induced sensitization; however, their influence on cocaine-dependent behavioral and neuronal plasticity has not been explained. In this study, we employed a knockout (KO) model to investigate the contribution of enkephalin in cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization. Wild-type (WT) and proenkephalin KO mice were treated with cocaine once daily for 9 days to induce sensitization. Additionally, to clarify the observations in KO mice, the same procedure was applied in C57BL/6 mice, except that naloxone was administered before each cocaine injection. All animals received a cocaine challenge on days 15 and 21 of the treatment to evaluate the expression of locomotor sensitization. On day 21, microdialysis measures of accumbal extracellular dopamine, Western blotting for GluR1 AMPA receptor (AMPAR), phosphorylated ERK2 (pERK2), CREB (pCREB), TrKB (pTrkB) were performed in brain areas relevant for sensitization from KO and WT and/or naloxone- and vehicle pre-treated animals. We found that KO mice do not develop sensitization to the stimulating properties of cocaine on locomotor activity and on dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Furthermore, pivotal neuroadaptations such as the increase in pTrkB receptor, pERK/CREB and AMPAR related to sensitized responses were absent in the NAc from KO mice. Consistently, full abrogation of cocaine-induced behavioral and neuronal plasticity after naloxone pre-treatment was observed. We show for first time that the proenkephalin system is essential in regulating long-lasting pivotal neuroadaptations in the NAc underlying behavioral sensitization to cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethania Mongi-Bragato
- Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina
| | - Emiliano Zamponi
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular-Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (CEBICEM-IIByT); Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina
| | - Constanza García-Keller
- Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina
| | - María Amparo Assis
- Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina
| | - Miriam B. Virgolini
- Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina
| | - Daniel H. Mascó
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular-Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (CEBICEM-IIByT); Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry; University of Bonn; Germany
| | - Liliana M. Cancela
- Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina
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Maqueda AE, Valle M, Addy PH, Antonijoan RM, Puntes M, Coimbra J, Ballester MR, Garrido M, González M, Claramunt J, Barker S, Lomnicka I, Waguespack M, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR, Riba J. Naltrexone but Not Ketanserin Antagonizes the Subjective, Cardiovascular, and Neuroendocrine Effects of Salvinorin-A in Humans. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw016. [PMID: 26874330 PMCID: PMC4966277 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvinorin-A is a terpene found in the leaves of the plant Salvia divinorum. When administered to humans, salvinorin-A induces an intense but short-lasting modified state of awareness, sharing features with those induced by the classical serotonin-2A receptor agonist psychedelics. However, unlike substances such as psilocybin or mescaline, salvinorin-A shows agonist activity at the kappa-opioid receptor rather than at the serotonin-2A receptor. Here, we assessed the involvement of kappa-opioid receptor and serotonin-2A agonism in the subjective, cardiovascular, and neuroendocrine effects of salvinorin-A in humans. METHODS We conducted a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study with 2 groups of 12 healthy volunteers with experience with psychedelic drugs. There were 4 experimental sessions. In group 1, participants received the following treatment combinations: placebo+placebo, placebo+salvinorin-A, naltrexone+placebo, and naltrexone+salvinorin-A. Naltrexone, a nonspecific opioid receptor antagonist, was administered at a dose of 50mg orally. In group 2, participants received the treatment combinations: placebo+placebo, placebo+salvinorin-A, ketanserin+placebo, and ketanserin+salvinorin-A. Ketanserin, a selective serotonin-2A antagonist, was administered at a dose of 40mg orally. RESULTS Inhalation of 1mg of vaporized salvinorin-A led to maximum plasma concentrations at 1 and 2 minutes after dosing. When administered alone, salvinorin-A severely reduced external sensory perception and induced intense visual and auditory modifications, increased systolic blood pressure, and cortisol and prolactin release. These effects were effectively blocked by naltrexone, but not by ketanserin. CONCLUSIONS Results support kappa opioid receptor agonism as the mechanism of action underlying the subjective and physiological effects of salvinorin-A in humans and rule out the involvement of a serotonin-2A-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jordi Riba
- Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Maqueda and Dr Riba); Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle, Dr Puntes, Dr Coimbra, Ms Ballester, Ms Garrido, Ms González, Ms Claramunt, and Dr Riba); Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Medical Informatics, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, LA (Drs Barker, Lomnicka, and Waguespack); Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Drs Johnson and Griffiths); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Dr Griffiths).
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A Possible Role of Anhedonia as Common Substrate for Depression and Anxiety. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2016; 2016:1598130. [PMID: 27042346 PMCID: PMC4793100 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1598130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are often comorbid, in up to 70% of cases, and the level of one or the other may fluctuate, leading now to a diagnosis of depression, now to a diagnosis of anxiety. For these reasons, and for the presence of many other common factors, it has been suggested that both are part of the same continuum of problems and that they have a common substrate. This paper proposes the possibility that anhedonia may be an important component of this possible common substrate, and it tries to identify the mechanism with which anhedonia could contribute to causing both depression and anxiety. It also proposes an explanation why an intense pleasure could improve both depression and anxiety.
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Crittenden J, Graybiel A. Disease-Associated Changes in the Striosome and Matrix Compartments of the Dorsal Striatum. HANDBOOK OF BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-802206-1.00039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Engel JA, Nylander I, Jerlhag E. A ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1A) antagonist attenuates the rewarding properties of morphine and increases opioid peptide levels in reward areas in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:2364-71. [PMID: 26508707 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gut-brain hormones such as ghrelin have recently been suggested to have a role in reward regulation. Ghrelin was traditionally known to regulate food intake and body weight homoeostasis. In addition, recent work has pin-pointed that this peptide has a novel role in drug-induced reward, including morphine-induced increase in the extracellular levels of accumbal dopamine in rats. Herein the effect of the ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1A) antagonist, JMV2959, on morphine-induced activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system was investigated in mice. In addition, the effects of JMV2959 administration on opioid peptide levels in reward related areas were investigated. In the present series of experiment we showed that peripheral JMV2959 administration, at a dose with no effect per se, attenuates the ability of morphine to cause locomotor stimulation, increase the extracellular levels of accumbal dopamine and to condition a place preference in mice. JMV2959 administration significantly increased tissue levels of Met-enkephalin-Arg(6)Phe(7) in the ventral tegmental area, dynorphin B in hippocampus and Leu-enkephalin-Arg(6) in striatum. We therefore hypothesise that JMV2959 prevents morphine-induced reward via stimulation of delta receptor active peptides in striatum and ventral tegmental areas. In addition, hippocampal peptides that activate kappa receptor may be involved in JMV2959׳s ability to regulate memory formation of reward. Given that development of drug addiction depends, at least in part, of the effects of addictive drugs on the mesolimbic dopamine system the present data suggest that GHS-R1A antagonists deserve to be elucidated as novel treatment strategies of opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörgen A Engel
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Nylander
- Neuropharmacology, Addiction and Behaviour, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Jerlhag
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Shagiakhmetov FS, Proskuryakova TV, Shamakina IY. The dynorphin/kappa-opioid system of the brain as a promising target for therapy for dependence on psychoactive substances. NEUROCHEM J+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712415040157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Crowley NA, Kash TL. Kappa opioid receptor signaling in the brain: Circuitry and implications for treatment. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 62:51-60. [PMID: 25592680 PMCID: PMC4465498 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Kappa opioid receptors (KORs) in the central nervous system have been known to be important regulators of a variety of psychiatry illnesses, including anxiety and addiction, but their precise involvement in these disorders is complex and has yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we briefly review the pharmacology of KORs in the brain, including KOR's involvement in anxiety, depression, and drug addiction. We also review the known neuronal circuitry impacted by KOR signaling, and interactions with corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), another key peptide in anxiety-related illnesses, as well as the role of glucocorticoids. We suggest that KORs are a promising therapeutic target for a host of neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Crowley
- Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA,Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Thomas L. Kash
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Chen Z, Tang Y, Tao H, Li C, Zhang X, Liu Y. Dynorphin activation of kappa opioid receptor reduces neuronal excitability in the paraventricular nucleus of mouse thalamus. Neuropharmacology 2015; 97:259-69. [PMID: 26056031 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that kappa opioid receptor (KOR) is expressed in the paraventricular nucleus of thalamus (PVT), a brain region associated with arousal, drug reward and stress. Although intra-PVT infusion of KOR agonist was found to inhibit drug-seeking behavior, it is still unclear whether endogenous KOR agonists directly regulate PVT neuron activity. Here, we investigated the effect of the endogenous KOR agonist dynorphin-A (Dyn-A) on the excitability of mouse PVT neurons at different developmental ages. We found Dyn-A strongly inhibited PVT neurons through a direct postsynaptic hyperpolarization. Under voltage-clamp configuration, Dyn-A evoked an obvious outward current in majority of neurons tested in anterior PVT (aPVT) but only in minority of neurons in posterior PVT (pPVT). The Dyn-A current was abolished by KOR antagonist nor-BNI, Ba(2+) and non-hydrolyzable GDP analogue GDP-β-s, indicating that Dyn-A activates KOR and opens G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels in PVT neurons. More interestingly, by comparing Dyn-A currents in aPVT neurons of mice at various ages, we found Dyn-A evoked significant larger current in aPVT neurons from mice around prepuberty and early puberty stage. In addition, KOR activation by Dyn-A didn't produce obvious desensitization, while mu opioid receptor (MOR) activation induced obvious desensitization of mu receptor itself and also heterologous desensitization of KOR in PVT neurons. Together, our findings indicate that Dyn-A activates KOR and inhibits aPVT neurons in mice at various ages especially around puberty, suggesting a possible role of KOR in regulating aPVT-related brain function including stress response and drug-seeking behavior during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Laboratory, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Huai Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Cunyan Li
- Department of Laboratory, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha 410011, China.
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Abstract
Drug withdrawal is often conceptualized as an aversive state that motivates drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviors in humans. Stress is more difficult to define, but is also frequently associated with aversive states. Here we describe evidence for the simple theory that drug withdrawal is a stress-like state, on the basis of common effects on behavioral, neurochemical, and molecular endpoints. We also describe data suggesting a more complex relationship between drug withdrawal and stress. As one example, we will highlight evidence that, depending on drug class, components of withdrawal can produce effects that have characteristics consistent with mood elevation. In addition, some stressors can act as positive reinforcers, defined as having the ability to increase the probability of a behavior that produces it. As such, accumulating evidence supports the general principles of opponent process theory, whereby processes that have an affective valence are followed in time by an opponent process that has the opposite valence. Throughout, we identify gaps in knowledge and propose future directions for research. A better understanding of the similarities, differences, and overlaps between drug withdrawal and stress will lead to the development of improved treatments for addiction, as well as for a vast array of neuropsychiatric conditions that are triggered or exacerbated by stress.
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Kivell B, Uzelac Z, Sundaramurthy S, Rajamanickam J, Ewald A, Chefer V, Jaligam V, Bolan E, Simonson B, Annamalai B, Mannangatti P, Prisinzano TE, Gomes I, Devi LA, Jayanthi LD, Sitte HH, Ramamoorthy S, Shippenberg TS. Salvinorin A regulates dopamine transporter function via a kappa opioid receptor and ERK1/2-dependent mechanism. Neuropharmacology 2014; 86:228-40. [PMID: 25107591 PMCID: PMC4188751 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Salvinorin A (SalA), a selective κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, produces dysphoria and pro-depressant like effects. These actions have been attributed to inhibition of striatal dopamine release. The dopamine transporter (DAT) regulates dopamine transmission via uptake of released neurotransmitter. KORs are apposed to DAT in dopamine nerve terminals suggesting an additional target by which SalA modulates dopamine transmission. SalA produced a concentration-dependent, nor-binaltorphimine (BNI)- and pertussis toxin-sensitive increase of ASP(+) accumulation in EM4 cells coexpressing myc-KOR and YFP-DAT, using live cell imaging and the fluorescent monoamine transporter substrate, trans 4-(4-(dimethylamino)-styryl)-N-methylpyridinium) (ASP(+)). Other KOR agonists also increased DAT activity that was abolished by BNI pretreatment. While SalA increased DAT activity, SalA treatment decreased serotonin transporter (SERT) activity and had no effect on norepinephrine transporter (NET) activity. In striatum, SalA increased the Vmax for DAT mediated DA transport and DAT surface expression. SalA up-regulation of DAT function is mediated by KOR activation and the KOR-linked extracellular signal regulated kinase-½ (ERK1/2) pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation and BRET studies revealed that DAT and KOR exist in a complex. In live cells, DAT and KOR exhibited robust FRET signals under basal conditions. SalA exposure caused a rapid and significant increase of the FRET signal. This suggests that the formation of KOR and DAT complexes is promoted in response to KOR activation. Together, these data suggest that enhanced DA transport and decreased DA release resulting in decreased dopamine signalling may contribute to the dysphoric and pro-depressant like effects of SalA and other KOR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn Kivell
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; Integrative Neuroscience Section, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Zeljko Uzelac
- Medical University Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Waehringerstrasse 13a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jeyaganesh Rajamanickam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Amy Ewald
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Vladimir Chefer
- Integrative Neuroscience Section, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vanaja Jaligam
- Integrative Neuroscience Section, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bolan
- Integrative Neuroscience Section, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Bridget Simonson
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Padmanabhan Mannangatti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Thomas E Prisinzano
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Ivone Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lakshmi A Devi
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lankupalle D Jayanthi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Medical University Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Waehringerstrasse 13a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sammanda Ramamoorthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Toni S Shippenberg
- Integrative Neuroscience Section, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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The role of Pak-interacting exchange factor-β phosphorylation at serines 340 and 583 by PKCγ in dopamine release. J Neurosci 2014; 34:9268-80. [PMID: 25009260 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4278-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated in the control of neurotransmitter release. The AS/AGU rat, which has a nonsense mutation in PKCγ, shows symptoms of parkinsonian syndrome, including dopamine release impairments in the striatum. Here, we found that the AS/AGU rat is PKCγ-knock-out (KO) and that PKCγ-KO mice showed parkinsonian syndrome. However, the PKCγ substrates responsible for the regulated exocytosis of dopamine in vivo have not yet been elucidated. To identify the PKCγ substrates involved in dopamine release, we used PKCγ-KO mice and a phosphoproteome analysis. We found 10 candidate phosphoproteins that had decreased phosphorylation levels in the striatum of PKCγ-KO mice. We focused on Pak-interacting exchange factor-β (βPIX), a Cdc42/Rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, and found that PKCγ directly phosphorylates βPIX at Ser583 and indirectly at Ser340 in cells. Furthermore, we found that PKC phosphorylated βPIX in vivo. Classical PKC inhibitors and βPIX knock-down (KD) significantly suppressed Ca(2+)-evoked dopamine release in PC12 cells. Wild-type βPIX, and not the βPIX mutants Ser340 Ala or Ser583 Ala, fully rescued the decreased dopamine release by βPIX KD. Double KD of Cdc42 and Rac1 decreased dopamine release from PC12 cells. These findings indicate that the phosphorylation of βPIX at Ser340 and Ser583 has pivotal roles in Ca(2+)-evoked dopamine release in the striatum. Therefore, we propose that PKCγ positively modulates dopamine release through β2PIX phosphorylation. The PKCγ-βPIX-Cdc42/Rac1 phosphorylation axis may provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of parkinsonian syndrome.
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